Pulmonology - Science topic

Objective: To assess the association between fibrinogen levels and immune inflammation severity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at different stages of the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease classification. Method: The descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2022 to Novemb...

Objective Although children with asthma have improved outcomes when accessing asthma specialists (allergist/immunologists and pediatric pulmonologists), this care may not be available if no specialists are located nearby, or if nearby specialists do not accept children or a given child’s insurance. We aimed to describe the physical proximity of chi...

A Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC) é uma condição multifatorial caracterizada pela persistência de sintomas respiratórios como dispneia e tosse. A DPOC aumenta a suscetibilidade a distúrbios do sono e este ocupa a terceira colocação dentre os sintomas mais comuns relatados pelos pacientes. O comprometimento do fluxo aéreo gera sintomas pro...

Pulmonology and respiratory medicine have witnessed remarkable advancements in diagnostic and treatment modalities over the last decade. Innovative technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), molecular diagnostics, and minimally invasive procedures have transformed the landscape of respiratory care. This paper explores novel approaches to th...

Purpose The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate if sleep classification data from a non-contact sleep monitor placed in the patient’s bedroom at home were associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity at the time of primary investigation. Secondly, we aimed to study the effect of established continuous positive airway pressure (...

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The rise of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) poses significant challenges to global health. This study reviews the experience of the largest pulmonology center in Serbia, a country with low MDR-TB incidence, focusing on TB...

Background Research is limited in describing the association between admission source and mortality in critically ill patients. Therefore, this study investigated how intensive care units (ICUs) admission source (emergency department (ED) or ward) correlates with mortality rates. Methods This retrospective observational cross-sectional study was c...

This study aimed to determine the levels of spiritual care needs and death anxiety, as well as the relationship between them, in Turkish patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This descriptive and correlational study included 480 patients who were admitted to the pulmonology outpatient clinics of a public hospital with a diagno...

Background and Aims The severe alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) genotype Pi*ZZ increases the risk of liver disease (AATD‐LD) and lung disease. While non‐invasive tests (NITs) are widely used for fibrosis stage and monitoring of all liver diseases, the consensus for use in AATD‐LD is limited. A Delphi panel study was conducted to address this n...

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) causes remodeling of the distal lung. Pulmonary remodeling is histologically characterized by fibrosis, as well as appearance of basal cells; however, the involvement of basal cells in IPF remains unclear. Here, we focus on the long noncoding RNA MIR205HG, which is highly expressed in basal cells, using RNA seque...

A popularização dos cigarros eletrônicos, também conhecidos como vapes, deu-se pela promessa de redução dos riscos causados pelo consumo de cigarros tradicionais, apesar de tal proposta, pesquisas apontam essa alternativa como mais prejudicial que o próprio tabaco. Os usuários desses dispositivos apresentam uma lesão pulmonar característica, descob...

1.INTRODUCTION: Given that seniors make up most drug users, rational drug use is especially important in this population. The growing incidence of pathological medical disorders makes this topic especially important for the healthcare industry. The pharmacokinetic changes and possible susceptibility to specific medications, especially those that in...

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have revolutionized medical image analysis by enabling the automated learning of hierarchical features from complex medical imaging datasets. This review provides a focused analysis of CNN evolution and architectures as applied to medical image analysis, highlighting their application and performance in dif...

O Metapneumovírus Humano (hMPV) é um patógeno respiratório de relevância clínica crescente, pertencente à família Paramyxoviridae, gênero Metapneumovirus. Identificado pela primeira vez em 2001, o hMPV tem sido reconhecido como uma das principais causas de infecções respiratórias, especialmente em crianças, idosos e indivíduos imunocomprometidos. O...

Objective: To determine the utility of pleural fluid cholesterol levels in differentiating between exudative and transudative pleural effusions. Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pulmonology, Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar Pakistan, from Sep to Dec 2021. Methodology: All patients age...

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the long-term clinical, laboratory and radiologic findings, long-term follow-up findings after acute infection and complications in patients who recovered from COVID-19 infection, especially in patients with insufficient data on long-term effects. Material and Method: Patients who were admitted to t...

Background and Objectives: We conducted a retrospective observational study to evaluate the impact of elevated blood glucose levels in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and a prior diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) or newly diagnosed hyperglycemia. Materials and Methods: This study analyzed 6065 patients admitted to the COVID-19 departments of t...

High-flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNOT) is a cornerstone treatment modality in severe acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, with benefits in improving oxygen deficit while normalizing breathing rate and having an effect on airway humidification. These physiological effects indicate a potential benefit in end-stage chronic respiratory failure. We aime...

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by progressive scarring and loss of lung function. With limited treatment options, patients succumb to the disease within 2 to 5 years. The molecular pathogenesis of IPF regarding the immunologic changes that occur is poorly understood. We characterize a role for non-canonical aryl-hydrocarbon re...

An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), initially reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, emerged as a mysterious pneumonia caused by the novel β-coronavirus, 2019-nCoV. Among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, elevated D-dimer levels and impaired hemostasis have been commonly observed, often associated with disease seve...

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) results in significant morbidity and mortality, especially in the elderly. Mechanical ventilation, a common supportive treatment for ARDS, is necessary for maintaining gas exchange, but can also propagate injury. We hypothesized that aging leads to alterations in surfactant function, inflammatory signaling...

The complement system is central to the innate immune response, playing a critical role in pro-inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as pulmonary hypertension (PH). Recent discoveries highlight the emerging role of intracellular complement, or the "complosome," in regulating cellular processes like glycolysis, mitochondrial dynamics, and inflam...

Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) poses significant morbidity and mortality risks, necessitating tailored anticoagulant therapy. Limited studies investigate the drug-related problems (DRPs) in PE. This study aims to evaluate the impact of clinical pharmacist (CP) interventions on drug-related problems (DRPs) and clinical outcomes in outpatients w...

La pandémie à COVID-19 a bouleversé le monde du travail notamment celui des établissements de santé dont le personnel est placé en première ligne. En Afrique, il existe très peu de données sur la prévalence de l’infection au SARS-CoV-2 chez le personnel de santé et aucune législation n’existe. Cette étude vise à calculer la prévalence de l’infectio...

Background Bronchiolitis is a common cause of hospitalization in infants under 2 years of age. The epidemiological effects of changes in hygiene and social behaviors during COVID-19 restrictions on the disease is still debated. This study aimed to analyze the changes in the viral etiology of bronchiolitis in Hangzhou during the COVID-19 restriction...

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an age-related interstitial lung disease, characterized by inadequate alveolar regeneration and ectopic bronchiolization. While some molecular pathways regulating lung progenitor cells have been described, the role of metabolic pathways in alveolar regeneration is poorly understood. We report that expression o...

Figure.1. :Répartition des PvVIH selon l'âge et la numération lymphocytaire CD4 à l'inclusion 1-introduction L'un des objectifs des cliniciens du VIH est de veiller à ce que le patient sous TARV soit suivi et déclaré stable tout au long de sa vie. Cependant, obtenir une stabilité clinique n'est pas facile. Quels sont les facteurs associés aux issue...

Objectif : Analyser les déterminants des issues défavorables chez les PVVIH en traitement ARV dans la cohorte hospitalière de la clinique de pneumologie. Méthodes : Une étude cas-témoins réalisée sur une Cohorte hospitalière et externe ouverte depuis 2011.Les données cliniques ont été collectées de manière prospective auprès des patients recevant u...

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a progressive lung disease with limited treatments, largely due to an incomplete understanding of its pathogenesis. Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) invade LAM cell clusters, which include HMB-45-positive epithelioid cells and smooth muscle α-actin-expressing LAM-associated fibroblasts (LAMFs). Recent evidence sh...

Introduction Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a major global health issue, particularly prevalent in developing countries. While it primarily affects the lungs, it can disseminate to other organs, including the breast. Conversely, breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies among women worldwide, characterized by a...

Introduction: Chronic cough is a common symptom in pulmonology outpatient clinics, often associated with lung conditions, though extrapulmonary causes can also be responsible. This study aimed to detect bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) and cough-variant asthma using a methacholine bronchial provocation test (BPT) in patients with chronic cough for w...

Mechanical ventilation can be a life-saving intervention, but its implementation requires a multidisciplinary approach, with an understanding of its indications and contraindications due to the potential for complications. The management of mechanical ventilation should be part of the curricula during clinical training; however, trainees and practi...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is associated with physical limitations and significant social, psychological, and behavioral challenges. This study investigates the relationship between fatigue levels and psychosocial adjustment in COPD patients, considering their sociodemographic characteristics. A descriptive study was conducted wit...

RESUMO A ventilação mecânica é uma intervenção que pode salvar vidas, mas sua implementação requer uma abordagem multidisciplinar, com a compreensão de suas indicações e contraindicações devido a possíveis complicações. O manejo da ventilação mecânica deveria fazer parte dos currículos durante o estágio clínico; no entanto, os residentes e profissi...

Introdução: O câncer de pulmão é uma das causas de mortalidade relacionadas ao câncer no mundo. O tipo mais frequente é o de não pequenas células. O tratamento cirúrgico é indicado nos estágios iniciais. Objetivo: Analisar a importância do tratamento cirúrgico nos pacientes com câncer de pulmão de não pequenas células. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma...

A ventilação mecânica é uma intervenção que pode salvar vidas, mas sua implementação requer uma abordagem multidisciplinar, com a compreensão de suas indicações e contraindicações devido a possíveis complicações. O manejo da ventilação mecânica deveria fazer parte dos currículos durante o estágio clínico; no entanto, os residentes e profissionais e...

Introduction: Pleural effusion is a disturbance in the balance between fluid production and elimination in the pleural space, resulting in abnormal fluid accumulation. It can result from various medical conditions related to the lungs and pleura or systemic diseases. Identifying the etiology of pleural effusion is essential for effective treatment....

Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and fatal disease of the lungs. It is characterized by pulmonary and extrapulmonary comorbidities. So far, little is known as regards the prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities in IPF patients. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities...

Introduction Sex-based differences in histological subtypes, in frequencies of mutations, and differences in response to the various therapeutic approaches in lung cancer are well studied. In general, the literature is controversial, and the large majority of the investigations may not provide evidence from the last decade. Objective The objective...

Neurosarcoidosis and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are both inflammatory disorders of the Central Nervous System (CNS), often presenting with overlapping clinical features, making differential diagnosis challenging. Neurosarcoidosis affects approximately 5-15% of systemic sarcoidosis patients and can mimic MS due to similar CNS involvement. Differentiati...

This case report describes a young asthmatic patient who contracted a dual infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The co-infection exacerbated the asthmatic symptoms, leading to significant complications. A literature review highlights how such atypical infections can aggravate respiratory conditions in patients with pre-exi...

Objective: To compare the efficacy of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) plus standard medical therapy versus standard medical therapy alone in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure due to post-tuberculous chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). Material & Methods: This quasi-experimental study was done at the Department of Pulmonology, Fauji Foundatio...

Objectives: We aimed to describe the cardiopulmonary function during exercise and the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with a history of COVID-19 pneumonia, stratified by chest computed tomography (CT) findings at baseline. Methods: Among 77 consecutive patients with COVID-19 who were discharged from the Pulmonology Ward between M...

Background Asthma is a common chronic disease, and asthma control is the major therapeutic objective, thus ensuring a good health-related quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the level of asthma control in a sample of asthmatic patients followed in allergology consultation during our training using the asthma control test (ACT) and its cor...

Zusammenfassung Die Sarkoidose ist eine Systemerkrankung mit Bildung von nichtverkäsenden Epitheloidzellgranulomen in verschiedenen Organen. Ihre Ätiologie ist bis dato nicht abschließend geklärt. Sie tritt bevorzugt zwischen dem 30. und 50. Lebensjahr auf, wobei Frauen etwas häufiger und tendenziell im späteren Lebensalter betroffen sind. Die sich...

Precision, or personalised medicine has advanced requirements for medical data management systems (MedDMSs). MedDMS for precision medicine should be able to process hundreds of parameters from multiple sites, be adaptable while remaining in sync at multiple locations, real-time syncing to analytics and be compliant with international privacy legisl...

The impact of diet-induced maternal obesity on offspring airway hyperresponsiveness was studied in a diversity outbred mouse model that mirrors human genetic diversity. Female mice were started on high-fat or regular diet 8 weeks before breeding and throughout pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, all offspring were fed a regular diet. By 12 week...

Determining how alveoli are formed and maintained is critical to understanding lung organogenesis and regeneration after injury. To study the cellular dynamics of this critical stage of lung development, we have used scanned oblique-plane illumination microscopy of living lung slices to observe alveologenesis in real time at high resolution over se...

Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) costs EURO 1.4 billion annually in healthcare costs. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a vital aspect of care for patients with COPD, but despite the compelling evidence, it is delivered to less than 30%. Frequent transport to the center-based program is regularly reported as reasons for non-...

The year 2024 has been an enriching journey for the field of pediatrics in India, reflecting advancements across a wide range of sub-specialties. From tackling infectious diseases and critical care to refining strategies in growth, nutrition, and other pediatric domains, these developments highlight our collective commitment to improving child heal...

Objective: To determine the effect of physical training on oxygen saturation at very high altitude in young male individuals. Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pulmonology PEMH Rawalpindi from Jun–Jul 2022. Methodology: The study was done on 250 young individuals arriving at a height of 11,8...

The tradition of pediatrics in Debrecen dates back to the 18th century. József Csapó, working in the intellectually stimulating environment of the Reformed College, is credited with publishing the first Hungarian pediatric medical textbook. The official inauguration of the current building of the Pediatric Clinic was held on November 6, 1924. The i...

Background: Diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are interrelated conditions with significant impacts on quality of life and mortality. Diabetes mellitus can exacerbate pulmonary function decline in patients with pulmonary disease through systemic inflammation and impaired metabolic control. Objective: This study aimed to eva...

Background: Tuberculous lymphadenitis is a common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, often posing diagnostic challenges due to its similarity to other forms of lymphadenopathy. Traditional diagnostic methods rely on invasive procedures, which may not be accessible in resource-limited settings. The integration of ultrasonography (US), Doppler imag...

Introdução: A asma brônquica é uma doença inflamatória crónica das vias aéreas com prevalência de cerca de 7% na população portuguesa, afetando indivíduos de todas as idades. A asma ocupacional representa entre 5% e 20% dos casos de asma de início tardio e está frequentemente associada à exposição a irritantes químicos ou outros agentes no local de...

Purpose To compare five pulmonary surfactant (PS) administration strategies for neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), including intubation-surfactant-extubation (InSurE), thin catheter administration, laryngeal mask airway (LMA), surfactant nebulization (SN), and usual care, with a particular emphasis on the comparison of the LMA and S...

The value of ‘data-enabled’, digital healthcare is evolving rapidly, as demonstrated in the COVID-19 pandemic, and its successful implementation remains complex and challenging. Harmonisation (within/between healthcare systems) of infrastructure and implementation strategies has the potential to promote safe, equitable and accessible digital health...

Background Systematic reviews, such as those prepared by Cochrane, are the strongest evidence on which to base recommendations in clinical guidelines. Network meta-analysis (NMA) can be used to combine the results of studies to compare multiple treatments, which is advantageous over pair-wise meta-analysis (PW-MA) that compares two treatments. We a...

p> Background: Mucormycosis (MCR) is an uncommon but frequently deadly fungal infection that typically affects individuals with weakened immune systems. Pulmonary mucormycosis, in particular, is most frequently observed in patients who have undergone stem cell or solid organ transplants. The incidence of mucormycosis in solid organ transplant reci...

U Velom Lošinju je u organizaciji Hrvatskog društva za pedijatrijsku pulmologiju i Lječilišta Veli Lošinj od 18.-20. listopada 2024. održan XXXVI. simpozij Hrvatskog društva za pedijatrijsku pulmologiju s međunarodnim sudjelovanjem, s temom “Imunološka terapija u pedijatrijskoj pulmologiji“. Cilj je simpozija bio predstaviti najnovije trendove u is...

Background: Lung cancer (LC) patients are prone to suffer from malnutrition. Malnutrition negatively affects patients’ response to therapy, increases the incidence of treatment-related side effects, and decreases survival. Early identification of LC patients who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition can promote recovery and improve prognosis....

Objective: To determine the etiology of bacterial co-infection in children with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia treated at Vietnam National Children's Hospital. Subjects and methods: A descriptive study was conducted on children aged 1- 24 months with community-acquired pneumonia caused by RSV, hospitalized at the Center for Pulmonolog...

Chest X-rays are essential for diagnosing thoracic diseases, but their interpretation remains time-consuming and challenging for pul-monologists, particularly in high-volume clinical settings. This paper presents Thoramo, an AI-powered diagnostic system utilizing a 121-layer Dense Convolutional Network (DenseNet) trained on 112,120 labeled chest X-...

Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia is a rare entity that involves inflammation, often triggered by external factors or other diseases, and is part of a spectrum of interstitial lung abnormalities (included within non-lymphomatous pulmonary lymphoid disorders) in women between the fourth and seventh decades of life. Here, we present the case of a 62-ye...

Contactless measurement methods offer a novel approach to assessing respiratory parameters. This study investigates the feasibility of classifying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and healthy individuals using depth-based plethysmography (DPG). The approach involves calculating Pearson's correlation coefficient for all pixel-wise sign...

Objetivo: Avaliar a existência de nível de comprometimento cognitivo, emocional e nas atividades da vida diária (AVD) e atividades instrumentais da vida diária (AIVD) por meio dos instrumentos inventário de Beck, Escala de Montreal (MoCA), London Chest Activity of Daily Living (LCADL) e o questionário sociodemográfico. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo e...

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a genetic disorder of endosomal protein trafficking associated with pulmonary fibrosis in specific subtypes, including HPS-1 and HPS-2. Single mutant HPS1 and HPS2 mice display increased fibrotic sensitivity while double mutant HPS1/2 mice exhibit spontaneous fibrosis with aging, which has been attributed to HPS m...

This narrative review aims to systematically explore and synthesize the current literature on the efficacy and safety of ketamine nebulization and magnesium sulfate as therapeutic interventions in the management of status asthmaticus. The review evaluates clinical outcomes, administration protocols, and potential adverse effects associated with the...

Background. Today it is well known that the structure of sleep disorders and frequency of complaints about sleep disorders depend on the diseases profile. Emotional and behavioral features of patients with different disease profile are important factors affecting the development of sleep disorders. Aim. To estimate difference of sleep disorders acc...

We present a clinical observation of an 18-year-old female patient with congenital bronchiectasis combined with congenital cystic degeneration of the upper lobes of both lungs, Williams–Campbell syndrome, long-COVID, severe course. The patient was treated in infectious disease department (three times), with subsequent transfer to pulmonology depart...

Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto que os Dispositivos Eletrônicos para Fumar (DEFS), causam na saúde pública, explorando diversas especialidades médicas, (pneumologia, endocrinologia, oncologia, psiquiatria, cardiologia, vascular) e suas consequências nas mesmas. Metodologia: Este artigo é uma revisão integrativa da literatura seguindo etapas propostas p...

The European Forum for Research and Education in Allergy and Airways diseases (EUFOREA) organized the first European Biologic Training Course (EBTC) in Brussels on 1st March 2024. The aim of this hybrid EBTC including both face-to-face and web-based participation was to address the educational needs of physicians dealing with asthma and Chronic Rhi...

Background and Objectives: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a major nosocomial pathogen with a remarkable ability to develop resistance to multiple antibiotics, posing significant treatment challenges. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance patterns among multidrug-resistant (MDR) and non-MDR strains of K. pneumoniae isolated over a six-y...

Red blood cells (RBCs), traditionally recognized for their role in transporting oxygen, play a pivotal role in the body's immune response by expressing TLR9 and scavenging excess host cell-free DNA. DNA capture by RBCs leads to accelerated RBC clearance and triggers inflammation. Whether RBCs can also acquire microbial DNA during infections is unkn...

Background Interstitial lung diseases have high mortality associated with hospitalization for decompensation. There are doubts about the factors involved in the progression of fibrosis, for example the role played by acute exacerbations. With this work, the authors intend to analyze whether there are predictive parameters of mortality related to ex...

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs. Despite being preventable and curable, TB remains a significant global health issue, especially in developing countries. The success of TB treatment heavily depends on the accuracy of the diagnosis, which typically requires expertise from...

ARDS is an extremely severe condition, responsible for an estimated hospital mortality rate ranging between 33% and 50%. Mortality due to respiratory failure (RF) that does not respond to ventilatory and extracorporeal support accounts for only 16% of cases, with sepsis being the primary cause. It is therefore essential to diagnose it at an early s...

Background: Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with multiple independent risk factors contributing to its development. The objective of this study was represented by the impact of independent risk factors, such as smoking, anemia, cachexia or COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) for lung can...

Background/aim: There is currently no data from Türkiye on whether, following a diagnosis of asthma, patients are given an asthma action plan to implement. There is also no data on whether patients can manage their treatment based on the provided asthma action plans. The present study aimed to determine the use of asthma action plans in Türkiye and...

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the effect of motivational interviewing with a specific cohort of smokers on smoking cessation. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of medical conditions and individual traits on the efficacy of motivational interviewing for smoking cessation. Methods: This prospective study was conducted wi...

Aim. To analyze the market of nebulizers used to provide physical therapy for patients with pulmonary diseases in Ukraine. Materials and methods. The study was based on scientific publications, data from the State Register of Medical Devices of Ukraine, data from the websites of pharmacy chains, and the results of a survey of pharmaceutical profess...