Pulmonology - Science topic

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund und Ziel der Arbeit Die pulmonale Manifestation von COVID-19 wird anhand standardisierter CT-morphologischer Kriterien beschrieben. In dieser Studie untersuchten wir mögliche Assoziationen zwischen dem CT-morphologischen Infiltratmuster bei COVID-19-Pneumonie und typischen Komorbiditäten sowie dem klinischen Verlauf. M...

A atuação do psicólogo na enfermaria pediátrica emergiu do reconhecimento da importância dos processos psicológicos nos problemas de saúde infantil. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar a experiência de estágio na Clínica Pediátrica do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás – HC/UFG. Método: Trata-se de um estudo observacional e interv...

Purpose of Review In this review article, we summarize the most recent findings and observations in patients experiencing primary cough headache. Recent Findings Recent studies draw attention to further characterization of patients with primary cough headache in a pulmonology clinic. There have also been recent case studies describing new therapy...

Background Respiratory care is an important site for climate action, given that common treatments for conditions such as asthma and COPD produce significant greenhouse gas emissions, even as respiratory health is negatively impacted by climate change. Clinical guidelines provide key information for healthcare professionals and can promote approache...

Background Among patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), few studies have investigated the clinical impact of anti-fibrotic treatment (AFT) with and without comorbidities. The aim of the study was to determine whether Charlson Comorbidity Index score (CCIS) can predict the efficacy of AFT in patients with IPF. Methods We retrospectively...

Background Hospital care organization, structured around medical specialties and focused on the separate treatment of individual organ systems, is challenged by the increasing prevalence of multimorbidity. To support the hospitals’ realization of multidisciplinary care, we hypothesized that using machine learning on clinical data helps to identify...

The last year saw intensive efforts to advance knowledge in pediatric medicine. This review highlights important publications that have been issued in the Italian Journal of Pediatrics in 2022. We have chosen papers in the fields of allergy, anesthesiology, cardiology, dermatology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, genetics, global health, infectiou...

A hallmark of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other interstitial lung diseases is dysregulated repair of the alveolar epithelium. The Hippo pathway effector transcription factors YAP and TAZ are implicated as essential for type 1 and type 2 alveolar epithelial cell (AT1 and AT2) differentiation in the developing lung, yet aberrant activatio...

Introduction: Sarcoidosis is a multiorgan, multisystem chronic disease of unknown etiology and unpredictable course. Health status is reduced in sarcoidosis and assessing it is a difficult multitask effort due to many faces this disease might have. Recently, a new questionnaire for assessing health status in sarcoidosis was developed by a group of...

The issue of studying the relationships between indicators of the external structure of the body and spirographic parameters in persons of a certain sex, age, ethno-territorial zoning remains relevant, especially from the point of view of the need to determine the reference values of indicators of external breathing. The purpose of the study was to...

Introduction: Respiratory ICUs represented a useful resource for the care of complex, very severe forms of COVID-19. In the point of time when the COVID-19 pandemic is slowly abating, these units are gradually returning to their basic function of treating severe forms of chronic and acute lung diseases. The goal of the research was to present the p...

Introduction There are limited data on the influence of different anti-cancer therapies on lymphocyte subpopulations and their relationships to survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. This study aimed to assess the effect of immunotherapy, chemotherapy, immunochemotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery, and antibodies against...

Influenza viruses pose a serious threat to public health, with severe cases often characterized by lung damage and inflammation. However, the underlying mechanisms of these processes remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the essential role of megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets (PLTs) in influenza A virus (IAV) infections. Conduc...

Alveolar epithelial type II (AEC2) cells strictly regulate lipid metabolism to maintain surfactant synthesis. Loss of AEC2 cell function and surfactant production are implicated in the pathogenesis of the smoking-related lung disease chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Whether smoking alters lipid synthesis in AEC2 cells and whether alter...

Background The diagnosis of acute heart failure (AHF) continues to be a challenge in older patients. Natriuretic peptides are recommended in the diagnosis of AHF. Aims To determine the diagnostic threshold of BNP and NT-proBNP as a diagnostic tool for acute heart failure (AHF) in patients over 75 years old with and without comorbidities. Methods...

The volume and composition of a thin layer of liquid covering the airway surface defend the lung from inhaled pathogens and debris. Airway epithelia secrete Cl- into the airway surface liquid through CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) channels, thereby increasing the volume of airway surface liquid. The discovery that pulmon...

Objective: To evaluate the factors associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis risk. Method: The case-control study was conducted from January 5, 2017, to September 4, 2018, at the private-sector Aga Khan University Hospital and the public-sector Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, two large tertiary care centres in Karachi, and comprised adult p...

Secondary lung infection by inhaled Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is a common and lethal event in individuals infected with influenza A virus (IAV). How IAV disrupts host defense to promote SA infection in lung alveoli, where fatal lung injury occurs, is not known. We addressed this issue using the first real-time determinations of alveolar responses...

This preprint provides an in-depth overview of forensic pathology, its evolution, applications in criminal investigations, techniques, challenges, and roles across disciplines like neurology, cardiology, and pulmonology. It aims to elucidate the importance of forensic pathology through literature analysis and case examples.

Introduction Lower socioeconomic status has been identified as an emerging risk factor for health disparities, including lung cancer outcomes. Most research investigating these outcomes includes patients from formal lung cancer screening programs. There is a paucity of studies assessing the relationship between socioeconomic status and incidental l...

Purpose: Administration of exogenous alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is the only specific therapy for the management of pulmonary morbidity in patients with AAT deficiency. It requires weekly or biweekly intravenous infusions, which may impact patient independence and quality of life. Self-administration of AAT therapy is an alternative to reduce the bu...

Rationale: Acute respiratory failure is a life-threatening clinical outcome in critically ill pediatric patients. In severe cases, patients can require mechanical ventilation (MV) for survival. Early recognition of these patients can potentially help clinicians alter the clinical course and lead to improved outcomes. Objectives: To build a data-...

Background: Most asthma-related deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries, and South Africa (SA) is ranked fifth in global asthma mortality. Little is known about the characteristics and outcome of asthma patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission in SA. Objectives: To identify and characterise patients with acute severe asthm...

Background: Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) is considered a rare condition in children. There is no consensus on the management of DAH syndromes in Africa or other low- and middle-income countries. In this brief report, the clinical characteristics, management and outcomes of children treated for DAH in the Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospi...

A COPD a második leggyakoribb krónikus légúti betegség hazánkban, mely akár fél millió embert is érinthet. Az érintettek magas száma ellenére azonban nem rendelkezünk olyan regiszterrel, melyben a betegek számára, betegségük súlyosságára, társbetegségekre vonatkozó adatok is elérhetők lennének. Ezen betegcsoport jobb megismerése érdekében készült a...

Logan D Schneider,1 Anne Marie Morse,2 Michael J Strunc,3 Joyce K Lee-Iannotti,4 Richard K Bogan5 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; 2Janet Weis Children’s Hospital, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, USA; 3The Center for Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Children’s Hospital of...

Objective: To assess the prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis and to identify possible risk factors in children. Method: The descriptive, interview-based study was conducted at the Pulmonology outdoor clinic of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from January to August 2019, and comprised children aged up to 14 years who were either contacts o...

Background: The clinical pulmonary manifestations and genetic features of Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHDS) in Asian patients remained unclear. We aimed to clarify the clinical features of BHDS-associated pneumothorax (PTX) and retrospectively investigate potential contributing factors in the largest Asian cohort to date. Methods: We reviewed the c...

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Respiratory health is a vital aspect of overall well-being, as the respiratory system plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's oxygen balance and eliminating waste gases. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in the field of pulmonology, leading to breakthroughs in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of respiratory dis...

Figure 1: The Alignment of the Amino Acid Sequences of the S Proteins from 4 Coronaviruses and The Phylogenetic Tree of the Genes of the Receptor Binding proteins from 8 Different Single Strand RNA Viruses with the MEGA software. Top: The Alignment of the Amino Acid Sequences of the S Proteins from 4 coronaviruses, namely Bat Coronavirus RaTG13, Pa...

Respiratory conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and lung cancer, pose significant health challenges worldwide. The field of pulmonology has witnessed remarkable advancements in recent years, leading to innovative strategies for diagnosing, treating, and managing these conditions. This paper explores the revolut...

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This study aimed to compare the bronchial microbiota of patients with lung cancer and patients with benign pulmonary diseases undergoing bronchoscopy, and to assess the stress levels associated with invasive diagnostic lung tests. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the “Vict...

Introduction Asthma is a common worldwide, chronic respiratory disease. It has been shown to impair a person’s health-related quality of life (HR-QoL), but the core influencing factors are not fully understood. Objectives We aimed in this study to evaluate QoL of asthmatic patients and its main determinants. Methods A prospective single center st...

Background: Since their introduction, both linear and radial endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) have become an integral component of the practice of Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology. The quality of health care can be measured by comparing the performance of an individual or a health service with an ideal threshold or benchmark. The taskforce sought...

Patients with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) have a worse prognosis than COVID-19 patients without OSA. This study aimed to examine the relationship between OSA risk and the severity of COVID-19 in patients undiagnosed with OSA. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and hospitalized or admitted to a community hotel were r...

Optimal lung repair and regeneration is essential for recovery from viral infections including influenza A virus (IAV). We have previously demonstrated that acute inflammation and mortality induced by IAV is under circadian control. However, it is not known if the influence of the circadian clock persists beyond the acute outcomes. Here, we utilize...

Objectives: To assess the nutritional risk of critically ill patients. Methods: The single-centre, prospective, observational study was conducted at the Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan, from November 9, 2020, to May 8, 2021, and comprised critically ill patients of either gender admitted to pulmonology, neurology, nephrology, c...

Introduction: In the current era of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 epidemic, the need for respiratory care, including mechanical ventilatory (MV) management, has increased. However, there are no well-developed educational strategies for training medical personnel dealing with respiratory care in MV management. Methods: A nov...

Objective: To determine the outcomes and mortality rate of Covid-19 infection among health workers and general population. Material and methods: An observation study was conducted in Department of Pulmonology Pak Red Crescent Medical College & Teaching Hospital,Dina Nath, Kasur, Punjab. Total 210 Covid-19 patients which were divided in two groups e...

Background: The rising burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in African countries is attributed to the growing and ageing of the populations, lifestyle, and environmental changes. This systematic review aims to map the available evidence on interventions on COPD in Africa. Methods: We performed a systematic search in six (includ...

Proline and its synthesis enzyme pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) are implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), yet how proline and PYCR1 function in allergic asthmatic airway remodeling via EMT has not yet been addressed. In the present study, increased levels of plasma proline and PYCR1 were observed in asthmatic patients....

Background: Intellectual conflicts of interest (COI), like financial COI, may threaten the validity and trustworthiness of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). However, comparatively little is known about intellectual COI in CPGs. This study sought to estimate the prevalence of intellectual COI and corresponding management strategies among cardiol...

Introduction: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a disease characterized by the accumulation of lipoprotein-aceous material in the alveoli as a consequence of deficient processing of pulmonary surfactant. It is classified into primary, secondary, and congenital forms. Primary PAP (autoimmune origin) is characterized by the presence of antibod...

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but can also affect other organs, such as the kidneys, bones, and brain. TB is transmitted through the air when an infected individual coughs, sneezes, or speaks, releasing tiny droplets containing the bacteria. Despite sign...

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the healthcare system and causing psychological changes, not only among healthcare professionals but also among citizens. These psychological changes are caused by depression, fear, anxiety, or insecurity. This study aims to investigate the anxiety level of severe COVID-19 patients who were treated at...

Purpose Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with many long-term health consequences. We hypothesized that previously unrecognized and untreated OSA may be associated with more severe respiratory failure in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Methods Patients hospitalized in the Pulmonology Department with confirmed COVID-19, University Ho...

Purpose: The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Amendments Act of 2007 authorized the FDA to require risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS) programs for drugs with important safety concerns. REMS can have elements to assure safe use (ETASU), such as patient registries, dispensing restrictions, and physician training and certification re...

Reducing inflammatory damage and improving alveolar epithelium regeneration are two key approaches to promoting lung repair in acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Stimulation of cholinergic-α7nAChR (α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, coded by Chrna7) signaling could dampen lung inflammatory injury. However, whether...

Background and Objectives: With an increasing number of severe COVID-19 cases presenting with secondary fungal infections, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of fungal co-infections in severe COVID-19 patients across the six waves, identify the most common fungal pathogens associated with severe COVID-19, and explore any potential links b...

Interstitial lung diseases in women NCCP India Lung bulletin 4th issue Women in pulmonology

Estudio de concordancia entre el neumonólogo y un equipo multidisciplinario en el manejo de patologías respiratorias en el adulto Concordance study between the pneumonologist and a multidisciplinary team in the management of adult respiratory pathologies RESUMEN Introducción. El manejo multidisciplinario constituye un componente esencial para una a...

Inducible laryngeal obstruction (ILO)/paradoxical vocal fold motion (PVFM) is a reversible narrowing of the larynx that results from vocal fold motion dysfunction. Distinguishing ILO from asthma can be challenging, as they can coexist, and standard tests may not be able to differentiate between the two. However, a flexible laryngoscopy can promptly...

People with intellectual disabilities (ID) experience overall poorer health and healthcare access than the general population. It is largely unknown how this applies to asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management by general practitioners (GPs). In a ten-year retrospective matched cohort study, n = 34,429, we examined year pre...

Objective: Hyperventilation syndrome is not only an important mimicker of asthma but it also increases perception of symptom severity in otherwise known stable asthmatic cases which may lead to increased use of asthma medication and hospital visits. Hyperventilation syndrome recognition is directly related to improvement of quality of life of an as...

Abdulaziz Alareefy,1 Esam Barnawi,1 Rawan Alrashed,1 Abdulelah Alamri,1 Ahmed M Aleidan,2 Mazen Alghofaily,3 Mayada Alkhelaif,3 Sara Kanfar4 1Pediatric Emergency Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Pediatric Pulmonology Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, S...

Histoplasmosis is caused by infection with Histoplasma capsulatum (H. capsulatum). Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis is a more severe form of histoplasmosis and is seldom diagnosed in non-endemic regions of the world owing to the fungus's geographical distribution. In the United States (USA), Histoplasma capsulatum is classically known to be...

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes an acute respiratory illness. A substantial proportion of adults experience persistent symptoms. There is a paucity of data on respiratory sequelae in children. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a non-invasive tool used to assess airway inflammation. Objectives: Thi...

The aftermath of severe COVID-19 frequently involves considerable cardiopulmonary damage, necessitating rehabilitation. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on cardiopulmonary health and assess the effectiveness of various rehabilitative interventions. Conducted between September 2021 and September 2022, this prospective study includ...

Background: Antipsychotic medications are commonly prescribed to critically ill adult patients and initiation of new antipsychotic prescriptions in the intensive care unit (ICU) increases the proportion of patients discharged home on antipsychotics. Critically ill adult patients are also frequently exposed to multiple psychoactive medications duri...

Background: The survival benefits and adverse effects of pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg intravenously (IV) every 3 weeks (Q3W) in advanced non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) are well documented in the literature. Based on pharmacokinetic models, a pembrolizumab 4 mg/kg IV every 6 weeks (Q6W) dosing regimen is also approved in some countries. To date, there is n...

Systemic corticosteroids (CSs), a keystone in pulmonology, are drugs with strong antiinflammatory activity. They are cheap, easily available, and accessible, but with common and serious side effects. Moreover, the use of exogenous CSs may suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, predisposing to adrenal insufficiency. Safe CS treatmen...

Background and objectives. The main screening tools for diagnosing harmful alcohol use are various versions of the AUDIT test and, in particular, AUDIT-4. Despite its satisfactory reliability, sensitivity and specificity, in some cases the test underestimates the level of alcohol abuse. It seems important to investigate false negative test results...

Background: The largest nationally integrated health system in the United States, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), has been undergoing a transformation toward a Whole Health (WH) System of Care. WH Clinical Care, a component of this system, includes holistically assessing the Veteran's life context, identifying what really matters to the...

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and its exacerbation are a major cause of pulmonology OPD and emergency visits in Pakistan. The objective of this study was to measure the level of adherence to the GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) strategy document in the management of patients with acute exacerb...

Objective — to analyze the clinical effectiveness use of phosphatidylcholine liposomes in the treatment of patients with restrictive respiratory failure caused by acute pneumonia and pneumonia with a prolonged course. Materials and methods. A prospective cohort study of 68 people was conducted on the basis of the pulmonology department of the Kirov...

Aim: to demonstrate the features of detection and diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection and pulmonary tuberculosis in children from household contacts based on own clinical observation. Materials and methods. A clinical case of own observation of pulmonary tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection in children from household contacts who w...

Background: The use of endobronchial Watanabe spigots for intractable secondary pneumothorax in patients with cancer has not been adequate. This study aimed to investigate the use of endobronchial Watanabe spigots for intractable pneumothorax in patients with malignant tumors. Methods: Consecutive patients with malignant tumors who underwent occ...

The traditional indications for lobectomy for resectable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) may be set to change. Recently, anatomical segmentectomy (AS) versus lobectomy as an approach for early-stage NSCLC has been described in phase 3 ran-domised controlled trials. The demand for methods to facilitate AS may increase as a consequence. We describ...