Public Sphere - Science topic

The paper analyzes selections from Modern Review and Visva Bharati Quarterly, to study the complex act of nation-building taking place in India during the first half of the twentieth century. Through these periodicals, it discusses three interconnected occurrences that contributed to the envisioning of new India: firstly, the construction of a poli...

Although there is no article in the national legislation in Türkiye that restricts women’s political rights, it is seen that the participation 7 of women in decision-making mechanisms in the public sphere, both at the national and local level, is quite limited. According to 8 the 2022 data from the World Economic Forum (WEF), Türkiye ranks 124th...

Abstract: the digitalization of public spheres should concern those areas of public life for which the development of new solutions can be a way of solving existing problems. For example, the provision of qualified legal assistance, for which the use of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence, is an additional tool to increase the level o...

The present research is the attempt to depict Rio de Janeiro City-Brazil-at a specific moment, when one witnessed an extreme climate event. This attempt took place in Twitter's virtual universe and its aim was to understand the dynamics featuring social participation in processes to produce information about the climate crisis, i.e., identifying in...

Background: To contain and curb the spread of COVID-19, the governments of countries around the world have used different strategies (lockdown, mandatory vaccination, immunity passports, voluntary social distancing, etc.). Objective: This article aims to examine the reactions produced by the public announcement of a binding political decision pr...

The issue of personal attacks is pronounced in political contexts, with the discourse being instrumentalised for reputational warfare and reputational capital. In many cases, the victims of such discourse are character assassinated, defamed, humiliated, and demeaned. Thus, currently, there is an existing risk of losing a network of relationships...

Far right extremism, understood as both an ideology of inequality and exclusion that manifests itself in attitudes and behavior as well as a heterogeneous movement, partially with affinity to violence, challenges and even threatens democratic societies. We argue that social science research on far right extremism contributes to strengthen democracy...

This article examines anti-mask protests in the United States in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, I look at the cultural (mis)appropriation of slogans by anti-mask protestors, such as “I can’t breathe” and “My body, my choice.” Noting that this is at first glance a bit of a puzzling phenomenon, I show that there is a relationship...

Women’s participation in the presidential election is still low, and they rarely appear in surveys and news as candidates for the 2024 Presidential election. Women are often considered more suitable to lead in the domestic sphere and less suitable for the public sphere. The role of the media in shaping people’s views on women in politics is crucial...

Kebebasan pers di Indonesia telah dijamin dalam UU No. 40 Tahun 1999. Berbagai pasal yang berkaitan dengan kebebasan pers secara substansial mengandung makna yang bersifat universal dan cenderung liberal. Bagi para pengusaha dan pemilik modal, keberadaan institusi media dipandang sebagai lahan bisnis untuk mendatangkan keuntungan. Oleh karena itu s...

In this contribution, we argue that critical theories of the public sphere (in Habermas, but also in Negt and Kluge as well as Fraser) leave out the socially central field of labour and labour-political disputes, and that a reactualization and refocusing becomes necessary: We define the dynamics of globalization, commodification and digitalization...

Research objective: To make theoretical approximations between the field of Social Management and Southern Epistemologies. Theoretical framework: Social Management represents an alternative to hegemonic organizational thinking. Through public spheres, permeated by participatory and dialogic actions, the aim is to serve the common good of society. S...

The Moroccan Institute for Policy Analysis (MIPA) has developed the Trust in Institutions Index project to measure and analyze Moroccans’ level of confidence in various political, economic, and social institutions. This project aims to provide a platform for public debate on the issue of trust in institutions in Morocco and to make recommendations...

Experiencing the death of a child is one of the most difficult things a person can go through. The situation of parents who have lost a child during the prenatal period is burdened with a social taboo. In the public sphere, it is often referred as the “secret problem of women”. The aspect of religiosity is extremely important in experiencing mourni...

The evolution of the media environment and the expanding use of social media pose a question about how the public sphere has changed in the last decade and what standards churches and religious communities can refer to in order to thrive and be present. It is vital to see that the nature of mass communication is different from the way religious ide...

The main purpose of this paper is to assess the validity of the contention that, over the past few decades, the public sphere has undergone a new structural transformation. To this end, the analysis focuses on Habermas’s recent inquiry into the causes and consequences of an allegedly ‘new’ or ‘further’ [erneuten] structural transformation of the po...

Resume: Public administration and public management in recent years have come under unprecedented pressure to improve the quality of their work. Pressure also reflected in the direction of lackluster management and political leadership. Dealing with this pressure is definitely dependent on the reactions and decisions of the relevant leaders. And re...

As the COVID-19 pandemic has made it palpable, anxieties can turn into pervasive affects with detrimental effects on the psychological well-being of the individual. To be anxious is to be on edge, not only psychologically, but also ontologically and existentially; or to use Heidegger’s terms, it is to be in a state of “groundless floating”.1 Rangin...

The environment has become one of the most critical research areas in the twenty-first century. Along with this trend, Environmental Communication (EC) is also becoming popular. EC is the pragmatic and constitutive vehicle for the understanding of the environment as well as the relationships humans have with the natural world. Further, it is the sy...

The film The Little Mermaid and the series Rings of Power and House of the Dragon drew public attention in 2022 to the trend of increasing racial diversity among the main protagonists in films and TV series over the past decade. What is common to these productions is that they are all new adaptations of globally popular book-to-screen adaptations,...

In this paper, we delve into the dynamics of the Irish-language public sphere, with a primary emphasis on the media landscape. In our analysis, we contend that the prevailing public sphere in Ireland predominantly functions in the English language, thereby subordinating the Irish-language public sphere. By scrutinising the challenges inherent in co...

Background The concept of “health security” is often used to motivate public health responses, yet the ethical values that underpin this concept remain largely unexamined. The recent Australian responses to COVID-19 serve as an important case study by which we can analyse the pre-existing literature to see what ethical values shaped, and continue t...

This article deals with the position occupied by Québec’s Sephardic community within the transnational francophone Jewish field. On the one hand, it examines the roles and contributions played by nonlocal actors (rabbis, academics, journalists, etc.) within Québec’s French-speaking Sephardic public sphere. On the other, it offers insights into what...

In the ever-evolving world of media, understanding the theories and paradigms that shape communication is essential. "Media Theories Encyclopedia: 57 Foundational Concepts in 1 Ultimate Guide" takes you on a captivating journey through 57 key media theories, providing concise and insightful summaries that make these complex ideas accessible to ever...

The purpose of this article is to analyse the gendered motivations of students to undertake doctoral research in a low-income country (LIC), Mozambique. Most research on PhD student motivation is done in high-income countries where the drivers for doing a PhD are quite different from those of people living in LICs. Drawing on original empirical res...

This study discusses how the publication of Alice Oseman’s translation of the Heartstopper ( Kalp Çarpıntısı ) series in Turkey became a case of multiple mediatorship, from the stigmatization of the series as “propaganda of heresy” and the official restrictions of its sales to the support for its dissemination among the target audience. Closely rel...

The article begins with a definition of some contesting views about the reality of Russian support for the “Special military operation” (SMO), hypotheses, and research approach. Then we present the substantive arguments about the attitude of Russian residents to the SMO and the reliability of public opinion polls results. After this we provide sugg...

One of the most successful and influential contributions to examining the intersection between society and its effect on public action is Jurgen Habermas's landmark The structural transformation of the public space (1962). But as subsequent scholars pointed out, the Habermasian definition of “public sphere” needed to be expanded beyond its original...

Here we investigate the use of the politeness marker por favor ‘please’ in a corpus of contemporary Spanish dialogues from film scripts and literary dialogues. We argue that por favor is in fact only occasionally used as an expression of politeness. Apart from these uses, we distinguish between cases where por favor functions as a marker of illocut...

In recent years, the digital transformation of political communication has been a frequent object of study. Specifically, the consolidation of digital technologies modifies the role of citizens, media, and politicians, boosting a new type of public sphere ruled by mediatization and platformization. In a changing context, this article aims to review...

Review | Volume 9 | Number 1 | 8 PSYCHOLOGIST AS ADVOCATE T he circumstances of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COV-ID-19) pandemic and the multi-occurring events during this time, including political unrest and demonstrations for social justice , have created a need for psychologists to emerge as social advocates. It is perhaps more important now th...

The world has entered the digital sources era in which Internet is the main source of news. The disruptive effects of internet on communication and public sphere were observed in many aspects of social life and distracting existing social institutions and the social systems. Discussion in public sphere on many global problems, such as environmental...

The hashtag #BlokirKominfo promotes discussions within the public sphere, particularly on Twitter, as a digital activism movement advocating for the blocking of various digital platforms, websites, and online platforms due to their failure to register with PSE. This study examines interactions among individuals from three accounts, specifically @se...

p> This research aims to analyze the function of baruga as a social public sphere for traditional communities in Poso. Baruga is used as a sphere for social meetings and also a sphere for settlements by the community in the Poso, the implementation of which is led by the traditional council. Social space is understood as a sphere where people gathe...

Weibo, as a new channel for online political participation and a becoming important platform for the feminist movement, has become the most important Internet public sphere in China, and more and more women are participating in the discussion of public issues on Weibo. This research focuses on the dilemma of women participating in the discussion of...

This chapter examines the production, circulation, and interaction with images as practices that can be thought of under the conceptual frame of archival work. We believe that the post 2011 Syrian context constitutes a particularly interesting laboratory when it comes to discussing the nature, aims, opportunities, and limits of contemporary digital...

This study explored the use of social media for decision-making during politics in a multi-cultural society. The study was anchored on the public sphere theory and was guided by three research objectives which are; to probe the role of social media in building an inclusive society, investigate the role of social media in building an informed citize...

This study analyzes the debates about the 1982 Constitution in Altınoluk, Panel, Yeni Zemin and Yörünge magazines in the 1990s. Considering the historical course of Islamism in Turkey, it has been seen that Islamist thought is divided into various phases. Prior to the 1990s, Islamism emerged in the form of discourses such as overcoming the state or...

The need to experience life as meaningful is fundamental to human nature. Recent years have witnessed a growing sophistication in assessing meaning in life (MIL) and new conceptualizations regarding its place within general models of well-being and coping. As part of this surge in research, increased attention has been given to the understanding, a...

The aim of the study is to present the online processes related to religious phenomena appearing on digital platforms, primarily the practice of content filtering (gatekeeping, echo chamber, filter bubble), and a critical review of the scientific literature on the field. At the same time, the goal is to create a theoretical introduction to the spec...

The distinction between public and private spheres has become increasingly blurred in the digital age. As more aspects of life move online, where information is potentially visible to anyone, traditional barriers dividing public and private realms dissolve. This creates a default condition of publicness for much online activity. In response, Intern...

Arab immigrants constitute a sizable portion of the US population, and their adjustment and relocation challenges might escalate mental health issues. Nevertheless, mental health care accessibility among such populations is not recognized as policy issue. Hence, it is crucial to explore the political tools that might be employed to improve immigran...

The article is devoted to the analysis of the doctrinal concept and legislative definition of the administrative contract in the legal systems of Germany and Ukraine, as well as the place of this institution in the system of sources of administrative law of Ukraine. It has been established that recently the influence of the legal doctrine of the Fe...

Democracy, rule of law, agile public sphere are institutions that are defended and developed especially by parties, associations and civil society. Social movements emerge in the landscape as actors that do not comply with left-right, rich-poor, south-north schemes. They are unevenly distributed in time, socially, factually and geographically. This...

It aims to offer a different theoretical perspective in the field of architecture and architectural design approaches through the concept of the public sphere. The new theoretical approaches that architecture will produce in the context of the public sphere offer different perspectives on sustainable development, especially in terms of its social d...

This article delves into the pressing challenges confronting liberal democracies in Western Europe as they grapple with managing religious diversity, with a specific focus on Muslim minorities. Historically, the secularization paradigm has been at the forefront of managing such diversity; however, its intrinsic limitations become increasingly evide...

The focus of this contribution lies in the significance of cultural heritage for various institutional and state actors, and its connection to the well-being of democracy within the country. It is widely acknowledged that Poland, between World War II and 1989, was within the sphere of influence of the Soviet state. Consequently, the teaching and in...

There are three fundamental assumptions concerning the impact of religious community upon the social surroundings. Firstly, following the analysis of Immanuel Kant, the church is regarded as a means of ensuring the validity and observance of moral norms. Hence, religious (ethical) community is a fundamental basis of morality. Secondly, the impact o...

In the Reformation era, the Chinese-Indonesians enjoy more freedom in expressing their ethnic identity in the public sphere, which was once oppressed under Soeharto’s New Order (1967-1998). The return of the Chinese festivals appears to indicate the end of discrimination and the celebration of multiculturalism, which recognizes the acculturation be...

Security has many internal and external dimensions, so it should be more broadly conceived. Evaluating the BRICS+ countries’ notions of national security needs to be critiqued and rebuilt, especially in the post-Cold War and post-9/11 dispensations that resulted in a significant paradigm shift in the understanding of security. These changes have le...

Global Internet users face rising challenges with well-organized disinformation and propaganda campaigns. Scholars have studied this challenge by examining political communication over social media platforms including Facebook, YouTube, and X (formerly Twitter). Much less work has examined the manipulative political role of encrypted messaging appl...

The aim of this paper is to focus upon the contemporary meaning of women’s rights and their proper application as a prerequisite of good governance within the realm of international human rights law. Hence the structure of the paper would be threefold: firstly, relevant human rights provisions would be analysed in order to identify the notion of “w...

Today, a major technological trend is the increasing focus on the person: technical systems personalize, customize, and tailor to the person in both beneficial and troubling ways. This trend has moved beyond the realm of commerce and has become a matter of public governance, where systems for citizen risk scoring, predictive policing, and social cr...

Discussions about the publicness of public spaces have started to take place more in the literature in recent years, depending on the privatization of urban spaces all over the world, especially after 1980. The wide scope of the subject and the fact that it is studied in other fields of social and human science other than spatial planning and desig...

The significance of the ongoing climate debates is characterized by discursive media representations that disseminate mediated constructs of images and ideas to the public sphere. By analysing the recent accounts of Greta Thunberg’s visit to Edmonton, Alberta, this research paper examines the effect of media representations in forming public opini...

Studies that focus on queerness are dominated by Western academia that seldom expands its contextual analyses to spaces relatively unknown to a global audience. Since queerness is a universal phenomenon common to people from distinct social, cultural, and political contexts all over the world, the imperative to explore such unrecognized spaces is u...

This paper explores how the systemic break triggered by the spread of the Sars-Cov-2 virus has given rise to a particular collective processing mode characterised by a pronounced mimetism. This responds to an increased uncertainty and a lack of reliable, above all actionable knowledge that characterises the “new normality” in the age of the Covid-1...

FAKTA PUBLIK mengisi semua konstruksi berita yang dibangun seorang jurnalis. Fakta publik diperoleh jurnalis dari persentuhannya yang padat dengan sumber-sumber berita saat berada di lokasi peristiwa. Fakta publik adalah rekaman peristiwa yang terungkap dari kesaksian banyak orang, dan tentu saja memiliki kadar representatif. Untuk bisa menjadikann...

In the current public sphere, the “deliberative model of democracy” may represent both the necessary benchmark and the best lens through which to view developments in the public debate. Democracy can never become really deliberative without the active participation of news media. The assumption of this article is that if news media are to dissemina...

Referring to Habermas' groundbreaking book 'The structural transformation of the public sphere', the article discusses contemporary transformations of higher education and science. In order to do so, in a first step a post-Habermas perspective will be developed, which implies two changes to the theoretical foundations guiding Habermas' analysis: On...

In the context of a Critique of the Political Economy of the Media, this article exemplifies the fundamental effects of the globally dominant capitalist private ownership of media companies on media development, journalism, and the public sphere. Selected works by Marx and Engels as well as works from developments of the approaches of the “New Read...

Anticommunism was a media filter used during the Cold War years to manufacture consent, as well as to construct an ultimate enemy. Nowadays, it seems to be reviving as “zombie anti- communism”, due to both structural and short-term causes. A common component of both is propaganda.On a structural level, social media networks have acted as a catalyst...

Freedom of association is one of the most fundamental pillars of the realization of the public sphere in modern state. Therefore, its realization is guaranteed with the least restrictions in the constitution, and administrative and constitutional judges, as guardians of the public sphere, protect the freedom of association. on the other hand, Jurid...

This paper pokes a bit of fun at the techno-panic surrounding the advent of AI image-generators while also noting that AI-made images reveal, alarmingly, just what kinds of people get to be seen in the public sphere (you’ll never guess!). It also takes a quick look at the history of ‘truth’ in photography and wonders about how we might locate truth...

The article examines the commemorative practices implemented by the Russian authorities in the Northwestern region at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, which were a key element of the integrative strategy of ‘soft power’. The formation of a memorial concept based on the idea of the ‘original Russian identity’ of the region an...

Ermine Cowles Case (1871-1953), known as E. C., was a distinguished American paleontologist of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century who was a leading expert on upper Carboniferous, lower Permian and Upper Triassic vertebrate fossils. He conducted extensive fieldwork in New Mexico from 1894 to 1934. His unpublished memoirs, fieldbooks and...

This research reveals how social media advances gender responsiveness in the context of China’s digital transformation by exploring ride-hailing services, a fast-growing though often under-regulated sector. Specifically, the rise of ride-hailing has been accompanied by incidents of sexual harassment and gender-based violence, leading to social medi...

Habermas’ theory of popular sovereignty has received comparatively little sustained critical attention in the Anglo-American literature since initial responses to Between Facts and Norms. In light of subsequent work on group agency, this paper argues that Habermas’ reconstruction of popular sovereignty—in its denial of the normative force of collec...

How to capture, represent, and materialize public interest in urban planning has gone through multiple rounds of experimentation, crystallizing a number of regulatory regimes of planning in different historical and political-economic contexts. However, how to define the “public” and capture the public interest in urban planning remains problematic...

For over thirty years, eighteenth-century Boston minister Charles Chauncy published his views about universal salvation outside of the printing press. While scholars have argued that he was reluctant to publish because of his heterodox views against a predominantly Calvinist public, the long history of a broadly circulating manuscript complicates a...

In the context of a critique of the political economy of the media, this article exemplifies the fundamental effects of the globally dominant capitalist private ownership of media companies on media development, journalism and the public sphere. The theoretical-methodological basis is provided by selected Marx-Engels works and current developments...

Pluralism is a defining feature of European human rights law and of the European constitution. Contestability and conditional deference determine how participating states eventually calibrate their relation to international and supranational authority. This structure gives rise to differences of opinion that reverberate throughout a public sphere t...

This study focuses on the government’s communicative actions in public sphere during the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic. The government’s steps have seen to be experiencing inconsistency, ambiguity, and counter productiveness in handling the Covid-19 pandemic issue. The material objects in this study are government statements quoted by three online mass me...

In the present study, I undertake to show that the public sphere can be constructed within the frames of a discourse loaded with religious symbols, either as part of religious institutions and manifestations, or, in a more interesting case, through the media discourse. I want to show that media functions as a ritualizing agent, which builds symboli...

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are one of the most significant solutions that can fundamentally change both public relations and the sphere of public legal relations. The goal of the present research is to conduct a comparative analysis of existing approaches to the AI integration into the sphere of public legal relations of foreign coun...

The resurgence of conservative values in Europe has manifested in growing support for right-leaning parties and political movements, both in parliamentary elections and beyond. While these organizations primarily focused on migration issues until the 2010s, recent years have seen a shift towards emphasizing Christianity and traditional family value...

We are studying food sharing and the conditions of its evolution in sedentary, agricultural societies. We start from the conjecture that when food, and by extension any type of wealth, can be stored for public use in greater quantities than what can be stored for private use, then sharing evolves, otherwise it does not. We present a simulated envir...

The aim of this article is to discuss a film by Maria Sadowska, entitled Women’s Day. The main theme around which the artist decided to build its plot is Halina Radwan’s herstory. A woman fulfils various socio-cultural roles, including that of mother, worker and woman, which exposes her to discrimination and exclusion. Feminist criticism therefore...

Religion is often believed to be a source of values that can inspire the reality of human life. However, in another view, religion is also in line with the changes that have resulted in the degradation of the role of religion in the public sphere. Privatization of religion comes through various modes including commodification of religion. In a soci...

The following paper attempts to extrapolate the similarities between exclusive public spheres for upper caste men in different cultural milieu. The early modern Bengali samajs and Japanese tea ceremonies are compared, as are the final clubs of Harvard which have existed since the eighteenth century. These male-dominated exclusive social networks we...

The paper analyses the social activity practices of the Catholic persons, as a set of individual and collective action emerging from the Catholic identity and structuralised under the Church-related formal non-profit initiatives. The purpose of the study is to clarify: (1) to what extent the Catholic unpaid social activities of different kinds coul...

This study offers а new, upgraded metamorphic multi-step flow theory of communication – a natural prolongation of the evolving concept, observing opinion leadership and the limited effects paradigm in a public sphere, shaped by social networks. The current typology of influencers is presented (both in the online and offline environment), in 7 diffe...

Michael Beer’s successful 1823 play Der Paria is famous as an early complaint against the status of Jews as second-rate citizens. As such, it is fundamental to the conception of Jews as pariahs, best known through the writings of Hannah Arendt. Its long reception history has overlooked an important source, that is now uncovered for the first time i...

For victims of persecution, attracting international awareness of their plight is often a matter of life and death. This book uncovers how in seventeenth-century Europe, persecuted minorities first learned how to use the press as a weapon to combat religious persecution. To mobilize foreign audiences, they faced an acute dilemma: how to make people...

When there is a stringent demand for a viable reconstruction of the traditional socio-political structure, especially amid the paucity of “reliable” historical records from the pre-colonial era, the native population’s recurrent anxieties of losing indigenous cultural heritage, and instances of its xenophobic politics, become visible in an unpreced...

For victims of persecution, attracting international awareness of their plight is often a matter of life and death. This book uncovers how in seventeenth-century Europe, persecuted minorities first learned how to use the press as a weapon to combat religious persecution. To mobilize foreign audiences, they faced an acute dilemma: how to make people...

Public attention has recently shifted from focusing almost exclusively on Anne of Green Gables and Montgomery’s other fictions to recognition of the author herself as a compelling historical figure, in line with the mandate of the Lucy Maud Montgomery Society of Ontario (LMMSO), who oversee and operate the Historic Leaskdale Manse, that “[w]e are n...

The writing aims to observe the urgency of ethics for political communication. Through literature research on Brian McNair's thought, one crucial question is revealed, is the increasing role of mass communication in the political process "good" or "bad" for democracy? McNair shows that political interaction in the public sphere is dirty and not by...

Fake news with local and global dimensions is everywhere. Africans are targeted by blatant lies, hoaxes, conspiracies, and misinformation being peddled as news on legitimate sites. It can be mixed with truth to create controversy, which in the digital era can be spread wide with immeasurable consequences. Journalism appears to be in an existential...

This chapter analyzes the process of global population aging, which has a significant impact on all areas of public life in the twenty-first century. Already today, in almost two dozen countries of the world, 20% of the population is over 65 years old. According to the WHO, the 60+ age group in the world already exceeds the number of children under...

Democracy depends on a vivid public sphere, where ideas disseminate into the public and can be discussed – and challenged - by everyone. Journalism has contributed significantly to this social mediation by reducing complexity, providing information on salient topics and (planned) political solutions. The digital transformation of the public sphere...

In this article, we aim to identify and categorize the voices that guided the debate on vaccines in the Brazilian digital public sphere in the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, a context in which vaccination gained relevance, as it consolidated itself as the main alternative to the control of the global health crisis. To this end, (i) a tot...

This study aims to examine the construction of women’s beauty and how existentialist feminists observe the how-to-do feature on the beauty channel Fimela.com. This article utilizes social semiotics as explained by M.A.K Halliday. The beauty construction formed by Fimela.com refers to a healthy, clean, fresh body, shining eyes, smooth clean face, fr...

This research is based on the question of how the social dimension of sustainable development can use spatial approaches to contribute to democracy. This required questioning the social dimension of development through the concepts of the public sphere and social capital. Theoretical research in the literature considers the qualitative components o...

As of 2018 the message that urgent measures must be implemented to avoid planetary collapse owes much to the youth climate movement, led by, among others, activist Greta Thunberg. The main aim of this research is to explore the level of penetration of the urgency discourse, necessary to determine future communication strategies. Our methodological...

German and Central European Jews shaped many primary Jewish responses to modernity. The religious renewal, or the alleged “Jewish Renaissance” among German Jews in the first decades of the 20th century, offers a radical encounter with tradition as part of Jewish modernism. In this paper, I aim to examine a group of revolutionary young intellectual...

This study is based on the inequality that women experience in digital spaces and the oppression and anxiety in their lives. In addition to the violence that women experience in the private or public sphere, they also experience some difficulties in the digital field. The fact that people spend more time in the virtual environment, and the increase...

New challenges coming from the public sphere, which the family must face, can originate from processes occurring in society or in political or economic institutions. They can be seen as spontaneous processes or as deliberate actions. They can be bottom-up or top-down in nature. When it comes to their subject matter, they mainly concern the issue of...

Urban monuments are symbolic elements that reflect the experiences of the city. These works add a new layer to the existing physicality of the city, new meanings to the collective memory, and the city's identity by adding tangible and intangible new values to the space. The Squares, defined by their different physical properties, are perceived as m...