Psychometrics - Science topic

Objective. Existential concerns, such as fears related to death, isolation, identity, and meaning, become particularly relevant in late life and can significantly affect mental health. This study examines the psychometric properties of the Existential Concerns Questionnaire (ECQ), a 22-item scale designed to assess existential distress, among older...

This study analyzed the psychometric properties of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) in a sample of people diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Participants were 102 residents in Spain (74 women, 72.55%; 26 men, 25.49%; and 2 missing data, 1.96%) age-ranged from 18 years to 68 years old (M = 37.69; SD = 12.66) diagnosed with...

مستخلص الدراسة باللغة العربية : هدفت الدراسة إلى تقنين مقياس مهارات الحكمة لدى طلاب كلية التربية جامعة حلوان, والتحقق من صدقه وثباته للتأكد من صلاحيته للاستخدام في الأبحاث والدراسات المختصة بمجال الحكمة, ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة استخدمت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي بأسلوبه الارتباطي , وصممت الباحثة أداة للدراسة وهي استبيان مكون من ( 40 ) مفردة مقسمة على خمس...

Background and aims: The addiction literature conceptualizes problematic substance use and addictive behaviors (e.g., gambling disorder, gaming disorder) as having shared etiologies and phenomenologies. The reward deficiency syndrome (RDS) model proposes blunted responses to natural rewards that potentially contribute to the development of addictiv...

Although extensive research has been carried out on critical thinking within the field of ELT, a search of the literature revealed few studies which focus on the domain-specific assessment of critical thinking. Mostly, researchers of the field are consumers of domain-general scales. A highly questionable assumption could be that general critical th...

In our increasingly digitalized society, social media have emerged prominently within the educational landscape, fostering the creation of online and blended teaching-learning environments. Among these platforms, TikTok, renowned for its short dynamic videos featuring effects and music, stands out. Despite its growing popularity among youth and ini...

This study developed and validated the VARK Learning Style Inventory for Secondary School Students (VARK-LSI-SS) to assess learning preferences across Visual (V), Auditory (A), Read/Write (R), and Kinesthetic (K) modalities. Using a research and development (R&D) approach, the study adapted 4-D model integrated with the Oriondo and Dallo-Antoni...

Despite extensive use in research assessing myths around male sexual victimisation, the factorial structure of Melanson's (1999) Male Rape Myth Scale [MRMS] was never psychometrically validated, meaning the relevance of scale items and dimensionality remained untested. Recruiting a nationally representative sample of 4152 UK adults, dimensionality...

This study examines the psychometric properties of the Automated Operation Span based on Partial and Absolute scoring methods using Item Response Theory. Additionally, Differential Item Functioning (DIF) analyses by gender will be reported.

There is a long and successful tradition of incorporating games into cognitive ability assessment, with recent research exploring the potential of online games as engaging and valid measures of cognitive ability. Building on this, we will examine the popular word puzzle game Wordle as a possible measure of verbal ability in this registered report....

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of the Polish version of the Workplace PERMA-Profiler (WPP). Our work was guided by Martin Seligman’s perspective on positive psychology, emphasizing well-being as its central theme, flourishing as the gold standard for measuring well-being, and the ultimate goal of increasing flourishi...

The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS; Diener et al., 1985) has been a standard measure for over thirty years. However, the concept of life satisfaction has evolved during this time. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Riverside Life Satisfaction Scale (RLSS) among university students. Using a convenience sampling metho...

Ubuntu is an African worldview that often shapes policy and social ethos; however, its distinct meaning remains unclear due to primarily philosophical discussions. This study seeks to define and measure Ubuntu's dimensions operationally and quantitatively using psychometric literature. Limited conceptual clarity has hampered research on Ubuntu thus...

Background Scales for the measurement of mental wellbeing and psychological distress are often used as if they measure different underlying concepts. This assumption is addressed in the present study by examining the discriminant validity of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) with respect to the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-...

Social competence encompasses a dynamic interplay of cognitive, emotional, and interpersonal abilities that enable individuals to engage effectively in social interactions. For educators, particularly pre-service teachers, social competence is essential for navigating diverse classroom environments and fostering meaningful relationships. This study...

This study assessed the structural validity of the Employee Performance Scale among Filipino workers, a scale originally developed and validated by Pradhan and Jena (2017). Specifically, 546 Filipino workers, encompassing 236 males (43.22%) and 310 females (56.78%), participated from both government and private sectors. Additionally, their ages spa...

This study presents the development and validation of the Organizational Psychological Contract Fulfillment/Breach Scale (PCF-BS), a brief instrument designed to assess employees’ perceptions of whether their employer has fulfilled or breached implicit obligations. The PCF-BS consists of two 4-item subscales measuring fulfillment and breach indepen...

Introduction The measurement of patient satisfaction with mental health services is well-established and a key indicator of performance. Patient satisfaction with mental health services received in criminal justice settings however is however less frequently studied. Our aim was to establish how frequently patient satisfaction with mental health se...

Background Nursing students often encounter ethical dilemmas throughout their professional training, which can pose challenges to their development. These dilemmas may lead to questioning professional values, hesitation during clinical practice, and even emotional fatigue. Therefore, reliable and valid tools are essential to assess and enhance thei...

Two recent studies utilized indirect response procedures (i.e., a sentence completion task and the Implicit Association Test) and suggest that people evaluate the future more positively than the past (Kaup et al., Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 612,720, 2021; Ulrich et al., Memory & Cognition, 52, 444–458, 2024). This present article reports a novel...

Commonly reported frequentist measures of reliability like Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega, along with the less reported Greatest lower bound coefficient suffer from either underestimation or overestimation of reliability coefficients. Moreover, there is inherent uncertainty associated with the obtained estimates. An alternative approach to r...

Objective To modify the Contesting Orientations Scale (COS) and test its internal consistency, stability over time, construct validity, and convergent validity in conjunction with the Chinese context. Methods A preliminary COS test was conducted on 120 college athletes nationwide (116 valid questionnaires were collected). Then, project analysis an...

From the intimate realm of personal interactions to the sprawling arena of political discourse, discerning the trustworthy from the dubious is crucial. Here, we present a novel behavioral task and accompanying Bayesian models that allow us to study key aspects of this learning process in a tightly controlled setting. In our task, participants are c...

Introduction Given the increasing academic pressures associated with intensified social competition, the role of parental involvement in education has emerged as a pivotal research area, especially within the context of Chinese culture. However, there remains a need to further delineate the characteristic dimensions of parental involvement and to d...

Purpose This study aimed to translate and validate the Danish version of the DV-QOL questionnaire, originally developed in 2015, to assess the impact of diverticular disease on quality of life (QOL) in Danish-speaking patients with diverticulosis. Methods Following international standards, the DV-QOL was translated. A cross-sectional survey was co...

The parent-report and self-report forms of the Highly Sensitive Child scale are significant tools for examining environmental sensitivity in children and adolescents. Nevertheless, due to their relatively recent development, these scales have not undergone validation in numerous cultural contexts, and there remains a paucity of studies concerning t...

p style="text-align: justify;"> Context and relevance. Psychological resilience is one of the most important personal qualities that ensure the success of performing official tasks. At the same time, the psychological service of the penitentiary system has not yet fully resolved the issue of diagnostic tools that allow it to quickly obtain reliable...

Introduction The assessment of psychological variables in older adults is often conducted using instruments that are not specifically designed for this population. Moreover, there are few screening tools that are effective for healthcare professionals in detecting emotional difficulties in older individuals. Therefore, the objective of this study w...

Background: In recent years, there has been an increased interest in studying sensory responses to stimuli in both clinical and non-clinical populations. Sensory reactivity has been linked to restrictive and repetitive behaviors. However, few instruments have been designed to assess the dimensions of sensory hyporeactivity and pain in the general p...

Background Despite the existence of comprehensive well-being frameworks, there are notable gaps in measuring and understanding well-being in adolescents. the study examines the psychometric properties of the Sterling Children’s Well-Being Scale (SCWBS) in a large sample of Iranian adolescents. Methods This study conducted a cross-sectional investi...

Edges are 2d image features that are indicative of object boundaries in the natural world. To understand how humans extract edges from the visual input, many psychophysical studies characterize edge sensitivity in well-controlled tasks and with parametrized stimuli. While this approach allows to test specific hypotheses about the underlying mechani...

Background Successful complex healthcare interventions require evaluations of acceptability. Acceptability is suggested to impact intervention implementation, uptake, adherence, intended outcomes, and overall effectiveness. Namely, interventions that are not acceptable to those delivering or receiving them may hinder the key components from being d...

This study investigated how task format, reading comprehension ability, and linguistic item features influence item difficulty in morphological awareness (MA) assessments among adult English speakers. In our pre-registered study, we analysed response accuracy from 102 participants (L1 and L2) who completed four pseudoword-based MA task types—short...

Objective: To generate evidence regarding the validity of the internal structure and consistency of the Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory - Brazilian Version and its relationship with health-related quality of life. Method: A psychometric study of instrument validation was carried out with 227 adults (female=74.89%; mean age= 58.03±13.2 years)...

This analysis sought to understand the patient experience in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and to assess whether commonly used clinical outcome assessments (COAs) reliably and validly capture that experience. Two targeted literature reviews were conducted to identify and describe key concepts potentially important to patients (signs, symptoms...

The Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ) assesses Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) in Schema Therapy, and it has demonstrated adequate psychometric characteristics. However, there is a lack of consistent factorial structures in the available research on the psychometric properties of YSQ versions. This cross-sectional study aimed to adapt, validate, and...

Background Artificial intelligence (AI) has recently entered the medical field, but the level of readiness of medical students for it is not obvious. A tool with appropriate psychometric properties for use in different languages and for international comparison is required to measure this readiness. Medical Artificial Intelligence Readiness Scale f...

This paper introduces and evaluates three translations of the Grievance Dictionary, a psycholinguistic dictionary for the analysis of violent, threatening or grievance-fuelled texts. Considering the relevance of these themes in languages beyond English, we translated the Grievance Dictionary to Dutch, German, and Italian. We describe the process of...

Background Contemporary models of personality assessment emphasize a dimensional rather than a categorical framework for measuring an individual’s level of personality functioning. This viewpoint has also been incorporated into official diagnostic manuals, such as the Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD). Assessment instruments...

Background Advanced Practice Physiotherapy (APP) is a higher level of practice grounded in 4 pillars: clinical practice, leadership, education and research. A critical step toward successful integration and sustainability of APP in healthcare systems is understanding the educational pathway to APP. Objectives 1) To describe the post-licensure educ...

Objective: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is prevalent in adolescence and often leads to future relationship problems. Understanding the factors that promote IPV is crucial for targeting prevention and intervention efforts in this developmental stage. Attitudes of acceptance and justification of this type of violence have been shown to play a sign...

Les associations entre l’utilisation des écrans par les adolescents et le bien-être socio-émotionnel ont longtemps été controversées. Afin d’aller au-delà des divergences dans la recherche publiée, les chercheurs doivent tenir compte des nuances en évaluant la manière dont les associations varient en fonction des formes spécifiques d’utilisation de...

A theoretically grounded, psychometrically sound new scale—the Work Support Scale (WSS)—was developed to address limitations of existing social support measures used in vocational research. Work support was conceptualized and defined using a psychology of working lens. In Study 1, an initial pool of items was developed and reviewed by experts and a...

researchportalcentral.com P a g e 1 | 11 As part of the transformation of the state which shows the loss of its stewardship on public safety, socio-political legitimacy involves psychosocial dimensions that explain the relationship between rulers and governed at the threshold of the public peace. In this sense, the objective of this study was to sp...

Improving youth mental health is a national priority in India, especially given the very high rates of youth suicide. Yet, mental health prevalence data in India are often incomplete. More culturally validated mental health measures are needed to inform prevention and intervention work. The Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS‐47)...

Objective: To generate evidence regarding the validity of the internal structure and consistency of the Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory - Brazilian Version and its relationship with health-related quality of life. Method: A psychometric study of instrument validation was carried out with 227 adults (female=74.89%; mean age= 58.03±13.2 years)...

The abrupt transition to remote learning during global crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the vital role of emotional coping in educational success. This study investigates how students employed self-comforting strategies to manage the psychological challenges of online education and evaluates the effectiveness of these strategies usi...

The Self-Comforting and Coping Scale (SCCS) has proven to be a valuable tool for assessing self-soothing and coping behaviors in various clinical populations. However, its applicability in populations with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), a group often characterized by challenges in emotional regulation and coping mechanisms, has not been thoroughly...

Human decision-makers have a well-established preference for controllable environments. We combined a hierarchical gambling task with cross-sectional administration of psychometric surveys and computational cognitive modeling, to assess whether this preference extends to contexts in which decision outcomes benefit others, specifically charitable or...

Abstrast The ability to manage emotions through self-comforting behaviors is a key component of psychological resilience in children and adolescents. This paper explores how these internal coping strategies interact with the development and quality of peer relationships throughout formative years. By drawing on attachment theory, developmental psyc...

The increasing recognition of mental health as a key determinant of societal well-being necessitates a paradigm shift in how social policies are formulated and evaluated. Emotional resilience and coping strategies are essential to managing the stressors of modern life, yet most social policies neglect these psychosocial dimensions. The Self-Comfort...

Self-soothing behaviors, pivotal to emotional regulation, are crucial for psychological well-being. As emotional dysregulation is frequently linked to mental health disorders, accurate measurement tools for self-soothing are necessary for both clinical and research purposes. This meta-analysis examines psychometric tools designed to assess self-soo...

In the aftermath of traumatic experiences, individuals adopt various coping strategies to manage emotional and psychological fallout. Among these strategies, self-comforting behaviors-internally directed acts that soothe distress-have emerged as potential predictors of long-term mental health resilience. Despite their understated presence in clinic...

High-stress occupations-such as emergency responders, healthcare workers, military personnel, and educators-pose significant risks to emotional well-being and psychological resilience. Emotional regulation becomes essential to sustaining performance and preventing long-term psychological dysfunction. This paper explores the role of self-comforting...

The global relevance of psychological constructs necessitates robust tools that accurately reflect individual experiences across cultural contexts. The Self-Comforting and Coping Scale (SCCS), developed by Obohwemu (2025), was introduced as a psychometrically sound measure of self-comforting behaviors, offering a new lens through which internal cop...

Self-soothing techniques, as a subset of emotion-focused coping strategies, play a critical role in emotional regulation across developmental stages. Gender appears to influence both the expression and efficacy of these behaviors, shaped by biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. This paper explores gender-specific patterns in self-so...

Engagement in everyday creative activities has been shown to enhance positive affect. However, most studies focus on older children or adults, and tend to emphasize individual creativity. Little attention has been given to dyadic creativity (particularly among younger children aged four to six), its effects on positive affect, and the processes tha...

Adolescents face a multitude of stressors as they navigate academic, social, and developmental challenges. Coping mechanisms employed during this critical phase can significantly shape emotional and behavioral outcomes. This study explores two major forms of coping-self-comforting and problem-focused strategies-by comparing their functions, psychol...

Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive worry, tension, and maladaptive coping patterns that impair daily functioning. Understanding how individuals with anxiety cope, and ensuring the accuracy and sensitivity of coping assessment tools, is essential for targeted intervention and treatment planning. This paper provides a comprehensive psyc...

Purpose Child-to-parent violence (CPV) is an increasingly important social issue, with most research concentrated in a few countries, highlighting a need for more research on the subject. In this study, we therefore validate the Swedish version of the Abusive Behavior by Children-Indices (ABC-I), a self-report tool with subscales for verbal aggress...

Social communication measures used to track change in autistic children have not undergone rigorous psychometric evaluation. There is little data on their expected change or sensitivity to change. Meta-analytic techniques were used to examine sensitivity to change and expected change over time and whether these are influenced by factors like childr...

The global demand for electricity and the assessment of service quality provided by electricity utility companies requires robust methodological approaches to ensure accurate and reliable measurements. Traditional methods, such as Classical Test Theory (CTT), have been applied to the evaluation of latent traits, but they present limitations concern...

The tripartite model of emotion regulation (Three Circle Model), comprising threat, drive, and soothing systems, underpins Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT). These systems are implicated in experiences of emotion, motivation, and physiological activation and this model is used within CFT frameworks to assess emotion regulation functioning and assist...

Objective Nursing students’ ethical sensitivity is crucial for providing high-quality patient care. Assessing this sensitivity using standardized tools is essential for both students and professional nurses. This study aimed to determine the properties of cultural adaptation and the psychometric evaluation of the Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire f...

The article discusses the role of swimming in the prevention of stress and emotional burnout syndrome among students. The study was conducted among the students of the National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”, they were divided into two groups: experimental (students who participated in swimming lessons) and control (students w...

As generative artificial intelligence (AI) rapidly transforms educational landscapes, understanding its impact on students’ core competencies has become increasingly critical for educators and policymakers. Despite growing integration of AI technologies in classrooms, there remains a significant knowledge gap regarding how these tools influence the...

We introduce a network-based AI framework for predicting dimensions of psychopathology in adolescents using natural language. We focused on data capturing psychometric scores of social maladjustment, internalizing behaviors, and neurodevelopmental risk, assessed in 232 adolescents from the Healthy Brain Network. This dataset included structured int...

Background The Danish Holm and Cordoba Urinary Tract Infection Score (HCUTI) assessing symptom severity, bothersomeness and impact of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTIs) on daily activities in women is a promising patient‐reported outcome measure (PROM) for use in future research. For potential application in Germany, the present study a...

Objectives: The current study aimed to translate and standardize the Emotional Exhaustion Scale for a sample of Palestinian universities students, and to verify the psychometric properties of this scale. Methodology: The study relied on the descriptive method due to its suitability for the purpose of the study. The study used the original version o...

Dysfunctional thoughts about caregiving are defined as rigid and inappropriate interpretations of one’s experiences, behaviors, thoughts, or feelings that are associated with providing care to a dependent relative. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Polish adaptation of the Dysfunctional Thoughts about Caregiving Question...

Measuring gambling-related harm is crucial for public health initiatives, but existing screens like the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) have limitations. The 10-item Short Gambling Harms Screen (SGHS/GHS-10) addresses some gaps, but lacks comprehensive domain coverage and robust validation against health utility benchmarks. This study aimed...

This preprint presents a clinical psychological study on volunteerism in humanitarian crises, incorporating both qualitative insights and psychometric development of the Midlife Crisis Questionnaire (MLC-Q). Based on multinational data, it highlights mental health patterns, emotional resilience, and culturally sensitive interventions for frontline...

Purpose Physical activity behavioral intentions have a positive impact on individuals’ physical and mental health, social adjustment, and academic work. This study explored the effects of peer relationships on college students’ behavioral intentions for physical activity and analyzed the mediating role of social support and exercise self-efficacy....

Physical activity questionnaires (PAQs) are essential tools for understanding population health behaviours, yet biases in self-reporting can impact the accuracy of global health surveillance. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of three commonly used PAQs (IPAQ-SF, GPAQ, and EHIS-PAQ) in a multinational sample of 744 European adults fr...

Final degree projects (FDPs), both at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels, represent significant academic milestones as they entail the integration and application of the knowledge acquired during a student’s university education. In this regard, the supervision and guidance provided by individuals overseeing these projects play a crucial rol...

KAQG introduces a decisive breakthrough for Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) by explicitly tackling the two chronic weaknesses of current pipelines: transparent multi-step reasoning and fine-grained cognitive difficulty control. This transforms RAG from a passive retriever into an accountable generator of calibrated exam items. Technically, the...

This paper primarily focuses on the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on university-level education and social behavior, with a specific emphasis on the case of Kosovo. The study is based on primary data collected through questionnaires. The questionnaire was structured into two sections. The first section includes questions related to the ass...

Metacognitive competency is a key factor in the success of hybrid learning; however, few studies have focused on developing comprehensive tools to assess this concept in such contexts. The current paper aimed to develop and validate the Metacognitive Compe-tency Scale for College Students in Hybrid Learning (MCS-HL). A sequential exploratory mixed-...

Self-construal plays an important role in mental health, but there has been only limited evidence from studies in adolescent samples. Research on adolescent self-construal has been hindered by a lack of psychometrically sound measures of self-construal. We investigated the longitudinal invariance and criterion-related validity of the Aspects of Ide...

As many patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA) have chronic pain, understanding how to best assess and manage pain in IA is a priority. Comorbid depression is prevalent in adults with IA, affecting 15% to 39% of people. Although pain and depression are thought to be associated in IA, this concept is largely based on cross‐sectional data. To bett...

This paper aims to examine the effectiveness of machine learning classification algorithms as a strategy to overcome the limitations associated with traditional methods for developing computerized adaptive versions of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2). The focus is on the three scales in the neurotic area of the instrument,...

Background: Sensory processing difficulties can interfere with daily functioning and participation across adulthood. While standardized assessment tools exist, culturally validated instruments for Arabic-speaking adults remain limited. Objectives: This study aimed to validate the Arabic version of the Sensory Processing Measure-Second Edition (SPM-...

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric parameters of an assessment tool developed by Turkish Ministry of Family and Social Services in 2024 to identify risks faced by children under vulnerable conditions. Methods: In the research, the scientific validity and reliability of the "Risk Assessment Form for Children" were examined. The...

This study examined the dimensionality of the Emotional Dependence Questionnaire (CDE) in a sample of 440 Ecuadorian university students. Through factor analysis, three structural models—six oblique factors, hierarchical, and bifactor—were compared, with the bifactor model demonstrating the best fit. The findings suggest that emotional dependence i...

Digital competence reflects the skills and knowledge needed to thrive in the digital world. Despite the criticality of this concept, the field lacks a robust and valid measure of digital competence that is suitable across the life span. Addressing this need, using data from more than 2500 participants across three studies, this work presents the de...

The Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) is a recent scale developed by Soto and John (2017) to improve upon the limitations of the original BFI by balancing the number of positively- and negatively-worded items and establishing a hierarchical structure for the Big Five traits. However, as the BFI-2 employs a Likert format with agree-disagree options scale...

Este estudio desarrolló y validó una escala psicométrica para evaluar la adicción a los videojuegos en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes colombianos, basada en el modelo teórico de Griffiths (2005). A partir de una muestra de 385 participantes, se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorio y confirmatorio. Inicialmente se identificó una estructura d...

Objective The Oral Epithelial Dysplasia Information Needs Questionnaire ( ODIN ‐Q) was developed to assess the informational needs of patients with oral epithelial dysplasia ( OED ). This study aimed to evaluate the six‐factor ODIN ‐Q model to determine its psychometric properties and alignment with a theoretical framework. Methods Confirmatory fa...

(1) Background: Metacognition plays a crucial role in education, with teachers’ metacognitive awareness being a critical determinant of effective teaching and learning. Despite its importance, validated instruments for assessing teachers’ metacognition are scarce, especially in non-English-speaking contexts. This study aims to adapt and evaluate th...

Introduction: The Attachment Q-set Version 3.0 (AQS) is an instrument that allows for the evaluation of individual differences in attachment security during the preschool stage. Objective: To determine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Attachment Q-Set (AQS) 3.0 adapted to Ecuador, through the analysis of its factorial struc...

In a key study, Megreya and Burton ( Memory & Cognition , 34 , 865–876, 2006) argued that identity-matching tasks using unfamiliar faces may not effectively measure general ‘real-world’ face-processing ability – that is they are “not faces”. They observed a high correlation in performance between upright and inverted unfamiliar face matching, a pat...

Objectives To evaluate the psychometric properties of pain catastrophizing scale (PCS) using item response theory (IRT) amongst people with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods Retrospective cross-sectional register-based study amongst 1,597 patients with CTS. Two-parameter IRT analysis with rating scale model. Results The average age was 55.3 (...