Protozoan Infections - Science topic

This case report intends to build upon existing knowledge of the anti-protozoan medication. Anti-protozoan drug effects were observed against Cystoisospora and Giardia spps. present in the faeces of a dog presented at a veterinary hospital for an elective orthopedic surgery when Clindamycin and Meloxicam were concurrently administered. The faeces a...

Both viral and protozoan infections pose a serious health risk worldwide, e.g. due to their varied intensity of symptoms - from mild to even lethal. This overview focuses on some of the most important infections caused by these pathogens that still remain a huge concern in some parts of the world. Viral and protozoan infections contribute significa...

The assembly and function of side chain modifications of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) units (anchors or free forms) are poorly defined. In a recent study, two enzymes, PIGJ and PIGE, of the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii were identified and shown to be involved in the assembly of such GPI side chains (J. A. Alvarez, E. Gas-Pascual, S. M...

BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a systemic protozoan infection caused by Leishmania donovani (L. donovani) and transmitted by sand flies, causing macrophage invasion in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Diagnosis of VL is currently based on clinical signs, symptoms, and specific in-vitro markers and bone marrow investigations. However,...

2022). The relation between some parasitological parameters and inflammatory bowel disease infection. Abstract-The term inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to several chronic and recurrent inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders.. This current study was included (180) patients aged (15-60) with inflammatory disease of the internal organs who at...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bilayered membrane-delimited particles secreted by almost any cell type, involved in different functions according to the cell of origin and its state. From these, cell to cell communication, pathogen-host interactions and modulation of the immune response have been widely studied. Moreover, these vesicles cou...

Bastidas., et al. The nutritional and endocrine disorders and complications described in protozoan infections are varied and complex, in many cases forgotten or neglected by health professionals in the therapeutic management of these pathologies of great importance in public health, due to their high morbidity rates, a circumstance that requires to...

Intestinal parasitic infections can cause significant morbidity and mortality in individuals with cancer. Despite this, they are often self-limiting in healthy individuals. Entamoeba histolytica is an anaerobic parasite that causes amebiasis in infected individuals. Poor sanitary conditions and endemic areas increase the risk of contracting amebias...

The risk of parasitism in different groups of small ruminants depends on intrinsic, environmental, and management factors. Although there are different views regarding the sex-related risk of endoparasites in small ruminants, females are undoubtedly the most affected group in the flock. Moreover, whether the greater sex-specific risk of parasitic i...

Background: Intestinal protozoan infection is a problem faced by the global community at all ages. In toddlers, it can cause problems in the form of decreased nutritional status, which is often found in developing countries such as Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between intestinal protozoa infection and the nu...

Entamoeba histolytica, an anaerobic parasite protozoan, is the causative agent of amoebiasis, the bloody diarrhea, and liver abscesses in humans. Amoebiasis is more predominant in tropical areas with poor sanitation conditions, and it remains the fourth leading cause of death due to a protozoan infection. E. histolytica life cycle spans between an...

Malaria is a disease caused by protozoan infection of the Plasmodium genus, characterized by symptoms of alternating chills and prolonged fever. During the period of 2018-2022, the province of North Sumatra experienced an increase in malaria cases. This research aims to comprehend the spread of malaria cases in North Sumatra Province during that pe...

Entamoeba histolytica , an anaerobic parasite protozoan, is the causative agent of amoebiasis, the bloody diarrhea, and liver abscesses in humans. Amoebiasis is more predominant in tropical areas with poor sanitation conditions, and it remains the fourth leading cause of death due to a protozoan infection. E. histolytica life cycle spans between an...

Background and Aim Toxoplasma gondii and Trypanosoma evansi, the zoonotic protozoa responsible for toxoplasmosis and trypanosomiasis, are significant threats to the productivity and financial stability of livestock farming. T. gondii can be transmitted horizontally through ingestion of fecal oocysts and T. evansi through arthropod vectors. In addit...

Background Blastocystis sp. is a zoonotic protozoan parasite, and there is limited information about its molecular prevalence and subtypes (STs) distribution in camels globally, especially in Iran. Objectives This study aimed to examine the prevalence, STs distribution, and zoonotic potential of Blastocystis sp. in one‐humped and two‐humped camels...

Coccidiosis in dromedaries is an intestinal protozoan infection caused by apicomplexan parasites belonging to the genus Eimeria . A prospective examination was conducted at two slaughterhouses in southern Algeria. The primary objective of this investigation was to ascertain the prevalence of intestinal parasites in camels, elucidate the associated...

This review summarizes the most recent developments of research on protozoan parasite infections ac-quired through food and drinking water and is aimed at gathering updated knowledge on the risk factors, illnesses caused, and measures for prevention. Reports included dated from 2019 to the present and regarded recent outbreaks and cases of severe i...

Objectives To describe the etiology, clinical pathology, and treatment of subspectacular abscesses (SAs) in 16 snakes. Animals Studied Sixteen snakes from private captive collections that were presented at a veterinary teaching hospital and diagnosed with SAs. Procedures Exudate was collected from SAs via percutaneous aspiration or by performing...

Background Babesiosis is a worldwide emerging protozoan infection that is associated with a spectrum of disease severity from asymptomatic infection to severe organ damage and death. While effective treatment strategies are available, some immunocompromised patients experience severe acute and prolonged/relapsing illness due in part to an impaired...

Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) is widely distributed in various habitats in Asia and Europe, and it may harbor multiple pathogens. Currently, the information on protozoan infection in Eurasian lynx is scarce. In this study, we performed nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) analysis to detect intestinal protozoan infection in three dead Eurasian lynxe...

Background: Despite the advancements in medical sciences, healthcare-associated infections continue to pose significant threats to human health. Objectives: This research was carried out to assess the prevalence of healthcare-associated intestinal protozoan parasites among admitted patients of Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospita...

Despite tremendous advances in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, only few antiparasitic drugs have been developed to date. Protozoan infections such as malaria, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis continue to exact an enormous toll on public health worldwide, underscoring the need to discover novel antiprotozoan drugs. Recently, t...

CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS is Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic protozoan infection caused by Cryptosporidium spp., with a public health concern. It has been reported widely across several countries in both wild and domestic birds. The study was designed to find out the Cryptosporidium parasite in different species of domestic poultry from Sulaymaniyah provin...

Theileriosis is a type of blood protozoan infection caused by the transmission of Theileria spp. species in tropical and subtropical regions by ticks belonging to the Ixodidae family. The disease progresses with high mortality and morbidity especially in ruminants. While deaths are observed in the first few days in peracute cases, it is reported th...

Objective: Trichomoniasis is the most common sexually transmitted protozoan infection worldwide. Metronidazole is widely considered as the drug of choice for treating of trichomoniasis but considering its potential side effects, we aimed to assess the therapeutic influences of hydro-alcoholic extracts of Quercus brantii and Artemisia aucheri Boiss...

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with malaria and intestinal protozoans among schoolchildren in Ndop a conflict hit locality in Northwest Cameroon. Study Design: This was a school-based cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at the Cameroon Baptist Conventio...

Background Eurasian lynx (Lynx Lynx) is widely distributed in various habitats in Asia and Europe, and it may harbor multiple pathogens. Currently, the information on protozoan infection in Eurasian lynx is scarce. In this study, we performed nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) analysis to detect intestinal protozoan infection in three dead Eur...

Toxoplasmosis is a common protozoan infection that can have severe outcomes in the immunocompromised and during pregnancy, but treatment options are limited. Recently, nucleotide metabolism has received much attention as a target for new antiprotozoal agents and here we focus on pyrimidine salvage by Toxoplasma gondii as a drug target. Whereas upta...

Leishmaniasis is a protozoan infection with chronic manifestation, having high morbidity and mortality rates, and adversely affecting almost every species of animals. It is a globally prevalent vector-borne disease throughout all tropical and subtropical regions. Twenty intracellular species belonging to the genus Leishmania cause all types of leis...

Chemokines belong to the group of small proteins within the cytokine family having strong chemo-attractant properties. In most cases, the strong immuno-modulatory role of chemokines is crucial for generating the immune response against pathogens in various protozoan diseases. In this review, we have given a brief update on the classification, chara...

Aberrant differentiation of progenitor cells in the hematopoietic system is known to severely impact host immune responsiveness. Here we demonstrate that NOD1, a cytosolic innate sensor of bacterial peptidoglycan, also functions in murine hematopoietic cells as a major regulator of both the generation and differentiation of lymphoid progenitors as...

Toxoplasmosis is a common protozoan infection that can have severe outcomes in the immunocompromised and during pregnancy, but treatment options are limited. Recently, nucleotide metabolism has received much attention as a target for new antiprotozoal agents and here we focus on pyrimidine salvage by Toxoplasma gondii as a drug target. Whereas upta...

Abstract This study aims to determine the prevalence rate of intestinal protozoan infection among children, in Duhok Province, North of Iraq, during the period between October 2022 to May 2023. A cross-sectional study was done among 740 children attending Hevi Pediatric Hospital, Duhok Province, Iraq. First, all collected stool samples were examine...

Blood and tissue protozoan infections are responsible for an enormous burden in tropical and subtropical regions, even though they can also affect people living in high-income countries, mainly as a consequence of migration and travel. These pathologies are responsible for heavy socio-economic issues in endemic countries, where the lack of proper t...

Nanomedicine is a critical therapeutic approach for treating most poultry illnesses, particularly parasitic infections. Coccidiosis is a severe protozoan infection affecting poultry; the emergence of drug-resistant Eimeria strains demands the development of new, safe therapies. Consequently, the objective of this work was to investigate the efficac...

Globally, over 3.5 billion people are infected with intestinal parasites each year, resulting in over 200,000 deaths. Three of the most common protozoan pathogens that affect the gastrointestinal tract of humans are Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia intestinalis, and Entamoeba histolytica. Other protozoan agents that have been implicated in gastroenter...

Cryptosporidium and G iardia are recognized as significant etiological agents of diarrheal outbreaks in humans as these parasites may be transmitted through the ingestion of water and food contaminated with feces of human or animal origin. However, surveillance studies on the role of animal reservoirs in the transmission of Cryptosporidium and Giar...

Blood protozoan disease is a common disease among animals in the Kifri city, Kurdistan region of Iraq that this disease is mostly transmitted by ticks. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the level of blood protozoan and to identify vector ticks in the native breed sheep (Awassi sheep) in Kifri city. For this purpose, blood samples we...

Unlabelled: Tropical theileriosis is a protozoan infection caused by Theileria annulata, which significantly affects cattle worldwide. This study was aimed to analyze the TaSPAG1 protein and design a novel multi-epitope vaccine candidate. Online tools were employed for the prediction of Physico-chemical properties, antigenicity, allergenicity, sol...

Background Pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus), an important domestic livestock, are generally affected by helminth and protozoan parasites. Rearing pigs in rural regions in Nepal is a common practice for subsistence farming. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted to determine the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites (GIPs) in pigs raised in Western N...

Enteric infections by are a frequent cause of diarrhea among immunocompromised and HIV infected patients but there are limited reports of their occurrence in immunocompetent patients. Cryptosporidiosis is a faeco-orally transmitted protozoan infection and is one of the leading causes of chronic parasitic diarrhea. Here we report a case series of cr...

Introduction: Gastrointestinal parasites of dogs are of global concern, especially those that are of zoonotic importance in developed and developing countries, being companion animals. This research determined the prevalence and clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs, in Abeokuta and its environs. Method: Faecal samples colle...

The frequency and intensity of extreme heat in the environment have increased in the last decade. Extreme heating events (EHE) have wide-ranging impacts on biological systems from the molecular to the community level. However, the impacts of EHE have been poorly studied in pathogen–host systems. Here, we explore how EHE affects the interaction amon...

Background: Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne protozoan infection that has a wide clinical spectrum in the tropics and subtropics. Kidney damage is frequently associated with increased morbidity and mortality in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients. However, up to date, there is a very limited report on the effect of visceral leishmaniasis on kidney...

Chagas disease is the most important protozoan infection in the Americas, and constitutes a significant public health concern throughout the world. Development of new medications against its etiologic agent, Trypanosoma cruzi, has been traditionally slow and difficult, lagging in comparison with diseases caused by other kinetoplastid parasites. Amo...

Babesiosis is a parasitic infection of the Babesia protozoa, which has been increasing in incidence in endemic areas of the United States. Symptoms of babesiosis can occur on a wide spectrum, from a mild flu-like illness to a fulminant disease course. Known complications of severe cases include intravascular hemolytic anemia and may involve the coa...

Toxoplasmosis is a widespread protozoan infection caused by the obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii . In humans, the disease occurs in two main forms innate (congenital) and acquired, which in turn can be both acute and chronic. Cytokines associated with cellular immunity in toxoplasmosis are mainly IFN γ and IL 12 . Regarding the hum...

The main objective of this study was to estimate the risk of giardia and cryptosporidium infection through ingestion of the water produced by a treatment plant located in southern Brazil, between the years 2015 and 2021. The protozoan removal values were obtained through two different approaches and the annual infection risks were estimated by the...

Toxoplasmosis is an emerging and zoonotic disease caused by protozoan infection of Toxoplasma gondii. Cats and other Felidae serve as definitive hosts, while warm-blood animals including humans and chickens as temporary hosts. The infection of the one-third human population worldwide causes prolonged socioeconomic impacts, especially immuno-comprom...

Background and Objective: Gastrointestinal protozoans are among the high prevalent parasitic diseases causing a high significant socioeconomic impact on the health status of most developing countries. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal protozoan infections in patients attending the Bamenda Regional Hospital. Materials a...

The aqueous crude-extracts as well as macerated and mashed portions of Azadirachta indica leaves were evaluated for efficacy against the protozoan infection (coccidiosis) and helminthiasis of the domestic fowl. The plant was screened to identify the active ingredients, its spectrum of effects and to determine if there is any adverse (cidal) side ef...

Protozoan diseases cause great harm in animal husbandry and require human-provided medical treatment. Protozoan infection can induce changes in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. The role played by COX-2 in the response to protozoan infection is complex. COX-2 induces and regulates inflammation by promoting the synthesis of different prostaglandi...

The association between chronic and acute infections with cognitive decline has been established by considerable amount of evidences comprising laboratory-level and cohort studies. Infections caused by protozoan parasites have a systemic impact on host, often linked to altered psychosocial behaviours. Neuro-parasitology research gradually accumulat...

The Brazilian Amazon rainforest region has a significant prevalence of malarial and intestinal parasitic infections in indigenous populations, accounting for a disproportionate burden. Thus, a cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence and association between malarial and intestinal protozoan and helminth infections in four remote...

Trichomonas tenax is a flagellated protozoan parasite found in the oral cavities of humans and animals and has been associated with periodontal disease, the most prevalent inflammatory disease affecting them all. Studies have shown that T. tenax can cause damage to mammalian cells and secretes virulent proteins, such as cysteine. It is presently co...

Gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic diseases are a severe problem in cattle management, and one of the most significant reasons for economic losses in cattle for developing countries. in a total of 8680 fecal specimens of local, Simmental, and Frisian dairy cattle were collected in different regions of Sulaimani province, examined 5850/ 870 positive ca...

Leishmaniasis is a protozoan infection transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies. The published information on the vector distribution, abundance and potential risk factors that are favorable for disease transmission in Kegalle district are not available. Hence, understanding the trends in disease establishment, epidemiological characteristics, and th...

Background Intestinal parasitic infections, especially intestinal protozoan parasites remain significant public health problem in Senegal. Several studies have demonstrated the endemicity of the diseases. The study was carried out with the objective of assessing the epidemiolocal profile of intestinal protozoan infection diagnosed among patients at...

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are diseases of serious public health concern in low- and middle-income countries, including Nepal. Such infections can cause growth retardation and increased susceptibility to other parasitic infections. Hence, this study aims to assess the prevalence of IPIs among the patients attending a tertia...

Introduction Diarrhea is a significant health problem in third world countries; identification of causative agents of diarrhea is essential to apply measures to prevent and control this disease. In addition, scant data are available regarding childhood diarrhea in Sudan. Our research aimed to determine the incidence of specific protozoan pathogens...

A wide range of protozoan pathogens either transmitted by vectors ( Plasmodium , Babesia , Leishmania and Trypanosoma ), by contaminated food or water ( Entamoeba and Giardia ), or by sexual contact ( Trichomonas ) invade various organs in the body and cause prominent human diseases, such as malaria, babesiosis, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, diar...

Although the deworming program has been executed since 2000, the intestinal parasitic infection (IPI) rates among primary schoolchildren (PSC) in the two provinces of the Kingdom of Eswatini investigated in 2010 remained high, reaching 32.2%. In this study, we monitored the IPI status along with the associated risk factors for PSC in two provinces—...

When multiple intracellular pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoan parasites, infect the same host cell, they can help each other. A pathogen can substantially help another pathogen by disabling cellular immune defenses, using non-coding ribonucleic acids and/or pathogen proteins that target interferon-stimulated genes and other...

Intestinal protozoan infection is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, it is difficult to estimate the true problem of protozoal infections because cases are under-reported. This study aimed to identify intestinal protozoa in healthy adults. This study used a categorical descriptive research design and used a mul...

The complement system exerts crucial functions both in innate immune responses and adaptive humoral immunity. This pivotal system plays a major role dealing with pathogen invasions including protozoan parasites. Different pathogens including parasites have developed sophisticated strategies to defend themselves against complement killing. Some of t...

Food handlers with improper personal hygiene practices have a significant role in transmitting foodborne parasites, including intestinal protozoa. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the global prevalence of intestinal protozoan parasites among food handlers. Multiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, Pro-Quest, Web of Scienc...

Background Malaria infection remains the most serious and widespread protozoan infection of humans and has been associated with different changes in hematological parameters. This study aimed to detect the effects of malaria infection on hematological parameters in Sudanese patients. Methods This was a case–control study including 100 patients and...

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an endemic disease in Iraq that is caused by protozoan infection. Dermoscopy has been applied to help in the diagnosis of multiple skin disease, including infestations. To evaluate the dermoscopic characteristics of CL lesions and their relationship with the disease duration, site, and pattern. Dermoscopic examinatio...

Intestinal amoebiasis in a 35-year-old German patient with a 3 weeks travel history in Indonesia was initially misidentified as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory-drug associated colitis in colonoscopy and histopathological analysis. Furthermore, initial stool examination by microscopy and Entamoeba faecal antigen ELISA did not reveal any protozoan in...

Intestinal protozoan infection is a persisting public health problem affecting the populations of developing countries in the tropical and subtropical regions. The diagnosis of intestinal protozoa remains a challenge especially in developing countries due to a shortage of laboratory facilities, limited health funding, and the remoteness of communit...

The term inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to several chronic and recurrent inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders.. This current study was included (180) patients aged (15-60) with inflammatory disease of the internal organs who attended Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital in Anbar Governorate between September 1st of 2021 to the 1st of May 2022. E...

Background Currently, protozoan infectious diseases affect billions of people every year. Their pharmacological treatments offer few alternatives and are restrictive due to undesirable side effects and parasite drug resistance. Objective In this work, three ontology-based approaches were used to identify shared potential drug targets in five speci...