Protein Production - Science topic

Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) have revolutionized the protein production sector in aquaculture, leading to significant growth and expansion of the industry. Despite the success of RAS in aquaculture, there are challenges related to stress in fish raised in these systems, which can impact their food intake, growth, and overall well-being....

Single cell protein (SCP) is emerging as a viable alternative to conventional protein sources thanks to their low environmental footprint and resource upcycling potential. This study investigated the production of SCP from hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) biomass residues (HBRs) and cheese whey (CW) in an innovative one-stage sequential anaerobic–aerobic...

The occurrence and progression of breast cancer (BCa) are complex processes involving multiple factors and multiple steps. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in this process, but the functions of immune components and stromal components in the TME require further elucidation. In this study, we obtained the RNA-seq data of 1086...

Honey is abundant in bioactive compounds, which demonstrate considerable therapeutic effects, particularly on oxidative stress and inflammation. Objectives: This work sought to evaluate the antioxidant mechanisms of Manuka honey (MH) and Ohia Lehua honey (OLH), correlating them with phytochemical analyses in a rat model of experimentally induced in...

Abstract – The daily light-dark cycle governs rhythmic changes in the behavior and/or physiology of most species. Studies have found that these changes are governed by a biological clock, which in mammals is located in two brain areas called the suprachiasmatic nuclei. The circadian cycles established by this clock occur throughout nature and have...

Exposure to air pollution is the greatest environmental health risk factor for mortality in the United States and globally, to which food production is a major contributor. Recent studies have estimated the human health impacts of air pollution from terrestrial livestock and crop production, but those of seafood production, which is an important co...

Natural products have a long history of providing probes into protein biosynthesis, with many of these compounds serving as therapeutics. The marine natural product girolline has been described as an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Its precise mechanism of action, however, has remained unknown. The data we present here suggests that girolline is a...

Genetic ailments such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and cystic fibrosis (CF) arise due to nonsense mutations. A nonsense mutation occurs when a point mutation changes a sense codon that codes for an amino acid to a stop codon, which leads to premature termination of mRNA translation. Because of this, a truncated protein product is produced;...

Background The TaRget Enablement to Accelerate Therapy Development of Alzheimer’s Disease (TREAT‐AD) Centers are dedicated to identifying and validating targets from the NIH Accelerating Medicines Partnership for Alzheimer’s Disease (AMP‐AD). The centers develop Target Enabling Packages (TEPs) to explore new therapeutic target hypotheses, moving be...

BACKGROUND: Synonymous variant NC_000007.14:g.100373690T>C (rs2405442:T>C) in the Paired Immunoglobulin-like Type 2 Receptor Alpha (PILRA) gene was previously associated with decreased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in genome-wide association studies, but its biological impact is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that rs2405442:T>C dec...

Sinapine adsorption was studied on four weak cation exchanges at pHs ranging from 2 to 8. The best adsorption rate was observed with C106 resin at pH 4 (95.25%). The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model while the isotherm data better fitted the Langmuir model. The ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° values (−25.834 kJ·mol−1, −24.428 kJ·mol−1, and...

The trans-translation system, mediated by transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA, encoded by the ssrA gene) and its partner protein SmpB, helps to release ribosomes stalled on defective mRNA and targets incomplete protein products for hydrolysis. Knocking out the ssrA and smpB genes in various pathogens leads to different phenotypic changes, indicating that...

The yield of recombinant protein production in cyanobacteria remains a bottleneck in the popularization of this biofactory, despite all the advantageous characteristics regarding its use, such as the use of atmospheric CO2 and solar energy as a carbon source for biomass growth and organic compound synthesis. This study used the cyanobacterium Synec...

Background Hallmark pathologies of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) include the accumulation of both extracellular amyloid and intracellular tau proteins. While a significant body of knowledge exists surrounding the role of the protein aggregates in the context of AD, research supporting these as targets for therapeutic development have yielded inconsisten...

Background: Cow’s milk represents an important protein source. Here, especially casein proteins are important components, which might be a promising source of alternative protein production by microbial expression systems. Nevertheless, caseins are difficult-to-produce proteins, making heterologous production challenging. However, the potential of...

Komagataella phaffii, also known as Pichia pastoris, is a powerful host for recombinant protein production, in part due to its exceptionally strong and tightly controlled PAOX1 promoter. Most K. phaffii bioprocesses for recombinant protein production rely on PAOX1 to achieve dynamic control in two-phase processes. Cells are first grown under condit...

Background/Objectives: Agricultural systems face increasing global pressure to address sustainability challenges, particularly regarding land use and environmental protection. In Romania, where traditional diets are heavily dependent on animal-based products, optimizing land use is critical. This study investigates the potential of plant-based diet...

Semi-arid regions present edaphoclimatic limitations for forage production, primarily affecting plant growth and development. Crops adapted to such conditions, like forage sorghum, and nutritional supplementation with nitrogen and molybdenum, can increase forage production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction between nitroge...

ABSTRACT: Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have emerged as a product of biotechnological advancements, raising concerns about biosafety and regulatory frameworks. This review explores the intersection of GMO technology and biosafety, covering its evolution and applications as well as regulatory measures. Scientists have used recombinant DNAtec...

Introduction: A systematic library of Gal4/UAS-regulated transgenes has proven to be a powerful genetic system for identifying genes and defining pathways in development. This system offers valuable insights that highlight the evolutionary conservation between animals and humans. Objectives: The objective of this study was to clone, express, and ch...

Oxidative stress is augmented under hypoxic environments, which may be attenuated with antioxidant supplementation. We investigated the effects of dietary nitrate (NO3−) supplementation combined with high-intensity training performed under hypoxic conditions on antioxidant/pro-oxidant balance. Thirty trained participants were assigned to one of thr...

The eggshell membrane (ESM), resembling the extracellular matrix (ECM), acts as a protective barrier against bacterial invasion and offers various biofunctions due to its porous structure and protein-rich composition, such as ovalbumin, ovotransferrin, collagen, soluble protein, and antimicrobial proteins. However, the structure of ESM primarily co...

Chronic inflammation and heme‐iron overload can result from bacterial hemolysis. Along with the synthetic drugs, numerous traditional and functional food approaches are equally trialed to eradicate the problem. As a prospective new source of dietary protein hydrolysates, freshwater mollusks (Paludomas conica) have recently drawn huge interest from...

Background/Objectives: Inhibiting biofilm formation without killing cells facilitates the physical removal of contaminating bacteria while minimizing the opportunity for resistant bacteria to emerge. Results: The M. oleifera methanolic seed extract contained 1.48% behenic acid, significantly inhibiting S. aureus biofilm formation. Although behenic...

The Babesia genus includes tick-borne haemoprotozoan parasites that infect a wide variety of vertebrate hosts, both domestic and wild, around the world. Babesia spp. cause oxidative stress by increasing the number of free radicals in erythrocytes. Among this genus, Babesia ovis causes babesiosis in sheep and goats, especially in tropical and subtro...

The nucleocapsid (N) protein is the most expressed protein in later stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection with several important functions. It is translated from a subgenomic mRNA (sgmRNA) formed by template switching during transcription. A recently described translation initiation site (TIS) with a CTG codon in the leader sequence (TIS-L) is out of fram...

In this study, 1,616,549 Holstein-Friesian females were genotyped for genomic evaluation of genetic merit (BVGenomic). Genotyping was performed using the EuroGenomics MD v3.0 chipset on the Illumina microarray scanner platform operated by an accredited Illumina laboratory. In addition, international and national reference populations were used for...

The green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a promising host organism for the production of valuable compounds. Engineering the Chlamydomonas chloroplast genome offers several advantages over the nuclear genome, including targeted gene insertion, lack of silencing mechanisms, potentially higher protein production due to multiple genome copies...

The transition to healthier diets might be accompanied by trade-offs that occur in other parts of the food system. In this study the trade-offs between socio-economic, environmental, and health indicators were analyzed in different dietary scenarios for Bangladesh between 2022 and 2050. We used a global economic simulation model with updated nation...

Infantile hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 19 (HLD19) is a rare genetic disorder where patients exhibit reduced myelin in central nervous system (CNS) white matter tracts and present with varied neurological symptoms. The causative gene TMEM63A encodes a mechanosensitive ion channel whose role in myelination has not been explored. Our study shows tha...

Backgrounds/Objectives: Following previous findings on high-salt (HS)-intake-related increase of oxidative stress, this study explored whether carnosine (CAR; β-alanyl-L-histidine), a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, enhanced antioxidative defence and vascular function following HS, potentially via the NRF2 or HIF-1α signalling pathway. Met...

Here, we present a previously undescribed approach to modify N‐terminal sequences of recombinant proteins to increase their production yield in Escherichia coli. Prior research has demonstrated that the nucleotides immediately following the start codon can significantly influence protein expression. However, the impact of these sequences is constru...

Over the past two decades, many studies reported that around (20%) of the worldwide malignant tumors problem can be related to viral infections. Some publications recently have described a relationship between malignant colorectal tumors and human papilloma virus (HPV), but these findings are still debatable. The purpose of this report is to evalua...

BACKGROUND: The South African dietary supplement market will undergo a period of transition within the next few years due to the establishment of the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA), which has superseded the former Medicines Control Council (MCC). While regulatory steps are yet to be fully outlined, products such as whey...

A rise in population and societal changes have increased pressure on resources required to meet the growing demand for food and changing dietary preferences. The increasing demand for animal protein is concerning and raises questions regarding sustainability due to its environmental impact. Subsequently, scientists seek alternative proteins, such a...

Enzyme-mediated protein degradation is a major concern in industrial fungal strain improvement, making low-proteolytic strains preferable for enhanced protein production. Here, we improved food-grade Aspergillus oryzae BCC7051 by manipulating the transcriptional regulation of protease-encoding genes. Genome mining of the transcription factor AoprtR...

Bacteriocin synthesis in some Streptococcus thermophilus strains is under the control of a complex blp locus but bacteriocin is produced only when a quorum-sensing regulatory mechanism is activated by the protein product of the blpC component. To demonstrate the regulatory effect of BlpC in S. thermophilus ST110 (NRRL-B59671), which naturally produ...

Background: Inflammation-induced oxidative stress is a pathophysiological mechanism of inflammatory diseases. Treatments targeting oxidative stress can reduce inflammatory tissue damage. Objectives: This study aimed to conduct phytochemical analysis and evaluate the antioxidant effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Matricaria recutita blossom...

The application of purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) in wastewater bioremediation has shown promise, but most studies have focused on agricultural and municipal wastewaters, often employing axenic cultures under controlled conditions. This study explores the use of PNSB-enriched mixed cultures treating high-strength Fischer-Tropsch process water (C...

Background/Objectives: Transcriptional promoters play an essential role in regulating protein expression. Promoters with weak activity generally lead to low levels of expression, resulting in fewer proteins being produced. At the same time, strong promoters are commonly used in studies using transgenic organisms as model systems. This approach can...

Bioconversion of various food wastes into specific valuable products such as single cell protein (SCP) has the simultaneous potential to solve the worldwide dietary protein deficiency by obtaining an economical food and feed product and to significant mitigation of environmental pollutants by using these wastes as substrates for the production of h...

Protein aggregation increases during aging and is a pathological hallmark of many age-related diseases. Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) depends on a core network of factors directly influencing protein production, folding, trafficking, and degradation. Cellular proteostasis also depends on the overall composition of the proteome and numerous env...

The abundance and subcellular location of specific mRNA molecules can give rich information on bacterial cell biology and gene expression at the single-cell level. We have been using RNA Fluorescent in situ Hybridization (RNA-FISH) to probe for specific mRNA species in both unicellular and filamentous cyanobacteria. We have shown that the technique...

Sports drinks, called isotonic and liquid substitute drinks, are generally considered drinks formulated to rapidly replace fluids, electrolytes, and carbohydrate fuel for working muscles (Guo et al., 2025). The industry of sports nutrition drinks began in the 1960s as a response to the needs of athletes for hydration and recovery after exercise. Ne...

This paper describes fossil fuel energy use for on-farm transportation, heating of farm buildings, electricity generation, machinery supply and the spreading of manure. These four terms describe the barnyard energy budget. Calculations for this energy budget were driven by population data for beef and dairy cattle, hogs and poultry in Canada. Prior...

Using high resolution quantitative mass spectrometry, we have explored how immune activation and the metabolic checkpoint kinase mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1) regulate the proteome of B lymphocytes. B cell activation via the B cell receptor, CD40 and the IL-4 receptor induced considerable re-modelling of the B cell protein landsc...

The objective of this study reported in this research paper was to compare the lactation curves of the production of milk, fat, protein, percentages of fat and protein, and somatic cell score in purebred Holstein (H) cows and Swedish Red and White (SRW) - Holstein (SxH) crossbred cows in the south-central region of the province of Cordoba, Argentin...

Biofilms can enhance industrial fermentation efficiency by increasing cell density, stability, and metabolic activity and have been successfully applied to the continuous production of many small-molecule chemicals. However, the continuous production of proteins by biofilms has been less studied. This study used secretory human epidermal growth fac...

Background Saliva contains a variety of biochemical compounds, including antioxidants, and serves as the body’s first line of defense against oxidative stress caused by free radicals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dental treatments on salivary oxidative stress biomarkers in children aged 3–5 years with severe early childho...

There is an ongoing debate about the relative merits of plant-based versus animal-based protein sources in terms of human health outcomes and environmental impacts. This viewpoint article reviews and synthesizes the current evidence comparing plant and animal protein sources on measures of human health like cardiovascular disease, cancer, and morta...

The effects of hormone stimulation on the cell translational profile remain poorly understood. Here, using polysome profiling combined to RNA sequencing, we analyzed the translational response to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) of primary rat Sertoli cells, that exhibit an active anabolic activity regulated by reproductive hormones in the male g...

Background/aim The hyperglycemic environment in diabetes disrupts normal wound-healing processes, leading to chronic wounds. This study investigated whether the combination of the phenolic compounds ellagic acid and carnosic acid shows synergistic effects on diabetic wound healing and oxidative parameters in diabetic rats. Materials and methods Di...

Bacterial vectors for biomolecule delivery to targeted organelles, facilitating temporary or continuous protein production, have emerged as a promising approach for treating acquired and inherited diseases. This method offers a selective cancer eradication and targeting strategy with minimal side effects. Bacterial vectors provide an alternative to...

Tetracarpidium conophorum nuts are nutrient‐dense Nigerian snacks associated with weight regulation. This study explores the nuts' impact on adipose tissue gene expression associated with low‐grade inflammation. Ethanol whole extract (EWE), ethyl‐acetate fraction (EAF) and the resulting residue (RES) were orally administered once daily to MSG‐induc...

The Jun dimerization protein ( Jdp2 ) gene is active in mouse cerebellar granule cells and its protein product plays a crucial role in the formation of the cerebellum lobes through programmed cell death. However, the role of Jdp2 in cellular differentiation and pluripotency in the cerebellum, and the effect of the antioxidation reaction on cell pla...

Background The genetic and epigenetic alterations observed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) contribute to its heterogeneity, influencing disease progression response to therapy, and patient outcomes. The use of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) technology allows for the design of oligonucleotide inhibitors based on gene sequence information alone, e...

Background Animal venom systems are considered as valuable model for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying phenotypic evolution. Stonefish are the most venomous and dangerous fish because of severe human envenomation and occasionally fatalities, whereas the genomic background of their venom has not been fully explored compared with that...

Robust and stable protein secretion is crucial for efficient recombinant protein production. Here, a novel and powerful platform using split GFP activated droplet sorting (SGADS) has been developed to significantly boost the yields of the protein of interest (POI). The SGADS platform leverages solubilizing peptide P17 and secretory expression in Ba...

Motivation The difficulties in producing cell-free translation systems from different cell types limit the ability to study regulatory mechanisms that depend on different biological contexts. Developing systems tailored to diverse cell types would be instrumental in investigating cell-type-specific translational control, co- and post-translational...

Epithelial cells exhibit a highly polarized organization along their apico-basal axis, a feature that is critical to their function and frequently perturbed in cancer. One less explored process modulating epithelial cell polarity is the subcellular localization of mRNA molecules. In the present study, we report that several mRNAs encoding evolution...

The increasing global demand for sustainable and ethical food sources has accelerated research into alternative protein production, particularly plant-based and lab-grown meat. Polymers, particularly biopolymers, play a crucial role in enhancing the texture, structure, and nutritional profile of these alternative proteins. Biopolymers such as cellu...

Over the past two decades, plant viral vectors have emerged as a powerful tool for the production of recombinant proteins in plants. Among the different plant viruses engineered to carry foreign genes of interest in their genomes, potyviruses have gained attention due to their polyprotein expression strategy and broad host range. To date, at least...