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Protection - Science topic

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I am looking to do research into the issues facing the global public sector in order to provide up-to-date evidence to leaders and policymakers and ensure they implement the best solutions to deal with these issues before they become insurmountable. This research will be provided free of charge to any public sector organisation that may find it helpful.
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Key Issues Facing the Global Public Sector
Global public sectors today are grappling with a constellation of interrelated challenges. One of the foremost issues is fiscal constraint. Many governments are facing shrinking budgets and rising service demands as populations increase and socioeconomic needs evolve. This fiscal pressure forces public institutions to deliver more efficient services with limited resources (Dess, 2023; Robbins & Judge, 2018).
Another significant challenge is the rapid pace of technological change. Digitization brings transformative opportunities but also raises critical risks—cybersecurity, data privacy, and digital inclusivity have become pressing concerns. Public sector organizations must protect sensitive citizen data against increasingly sophisticated cyber threats while ensuring that emerging technologies do not widen the existing digital divide (Nickerson, 2023; Oracle Blogs, 2021).
Governments are also increasingly expected to address the impacts of climate change and ensure environmental sustainability. The need to steward natural resources, manage disaster risks, and transition into green economies is becoming ever more urgent. These challenges require a rethinking of public policy, infrastructure investment, and urban planning to secure long-term resilience (Dess, 2023).
Political polarization and waning public trust further complicate governance. Citizens are becoming more skeptical of government operations, demanding transparency, accountability, and ethical leadership. As noted in organizational behavior literature, public trust is essential—not only for policy implementation but also for ensuring that citizens remain engaged and supportive of public initiatives (Robbins & Judge, 2018; Gray, 2019).
Finally, demographic shifts, including urbanization and aging populations, require public institutions to adapt their service delivery systems dramatically. The growing complexities in public health, social care, and education necessitate a strategic reorientation of public services in order to address the needs of an increasingly diverse citizen base (Dess, 2023).
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Steps Senior Leaders and Policymakers Must Take
To protect citizens and safeguard the future, senior leaders and policymakers must implement integrated and forward-thinking strategies:
1. Adopt Integrated Risk Management:
Leaders should engage in proactive, integrated risk management frameworks that allow for the anticipation of multiple, interconnected threats—ranging from cyber incidents to fiscal emergencies. By breaking down silos and promoting cross-agency collaboration, governments can respond more swiftly and decisively when crises emerge (Robbins & Judge, 2018; Oracle Blogs, 2021).
2. Invest in Technology and Cybersecurity:
Public institutions must stay ahead of rapidly evolving digital threats. This necessitates ongoing investments in modern cybersecurity infrastructures, robust data protection policies, and the promotion of digital literacy among public servants. By doing so, governments not only safeguard critical information systems but also build trust among citizens who are becoming increasingly concerned about privacy and data security (Nickerson, 2023).
3. Promote Transparency and Inclusive Governance:
In times of political polarization, rebuilding public trust is paramount. Policymakers should implement mechanisms that enhance transparency in decision-making and foster inclusive citizen engagement. Creating forums for direct public interaction and feedback—along with deploying technology for more open data access—can propel accountability and restore confidence in public institutions (Gray, 2019).
4. Embrace Sustainable Policy Reforms:
Climate change and environmental degradation require long-term solutions. Leaders must integrate sustainability into every aspect of policymaking—ranging from urban planning to energy policy. This includes formulating public-private partnerships, stimulating green investments, and setting measurable targets to transition towards environmentally sustainable practices, all while ensuring these reforms are integrated into the wider fiscal policy framework (Dess, 2023).
5. Cultivate Adaptive Leadership and Workforce:
The modern public sector needs leaders who are both visionary and adaptive. Training programs should focus on cultivating skills in critical thinking, digital competency, and ethical decision-making. This strategic human resource development is essential to equip public employees with the tools to manage emerging risks and to foster an organizational culture that is resilient in times of rapid change (Robbins & Judge, 2018).
In summary, the global public sector faces significant challenges that include fiscal constraints, technological disruption, environmental sustainability, waning public trust, and evolving demographic needs. To mitigate these issues, senior leaders and policymakers must adopt an integrated risk management approach, invest in technology and cybersecurity, and ensure transparency and inclusiveness in governance. In addition, sustainable policy reforms and the cultivation of adaptive leadership are essential to ensure that public institutions not only protect their citizens but also deliver meaningful and equitable services in an increasingly complex world.
References
Dess, G. (2023). Strategic Management: Text and Cases (11th ed.). McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Retrieved from (https://online.vitalsource.com/books/9781266005978)
Gray, D. E. (2019). Doing Research in the Business World (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications, Ltd. Retrieved from (https://online.vitalsource.com/books/9781529700527)
Nickerson, C. (2023). Extrinsic vs. Intrinsic Motivation: What’s the Difference? Simply Psychology. Retrieved from (https://www.simplypsychology.org/differences-between-extrinsic-and-intrinsic-motivation.html)
Oracle Blogs. (2021, September 27). Motivation: A Key Component of Emotional Intelligence. Retrieved from (https://blogs.oracle.com/jobsatoracle/post/motivation-a-key-component-of-emotional-intelligence)
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2018). Organizational Behavior (18th ed.). Pearson Education (US). Retrieved from (https://online.vitalsource.com/books/9780134729749)
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Acetylated sugar,
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To remove an acetyl protecting group from an acetylated sugar, you typically perform a hydrolysis reaction under either basic or acidic conditions, depending on the stability of other functional groups in the molecule. Here are the common methods:
1. Basic Hydrolysis (Saponification)
Reagents:
  • Sodium methoxide (NaOMe) in methanol
  • Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃) in water/methanol
Mechanism: The base hydrolyzes the ester bond, releasing acetate (CH₃COO⁻) and regenerating the hydroxyl group.
Conditions:
  • Room temperature to mild heating
  • Reaction time: minutes to hours
Pros:
  • Mild and effective
  • Preserves acid-sensitive groups
Cons:
  • Not suitable for base-sensitive functionalities
2. Acidic Hydrolysis
Reagents:
  • Aqueous HCl or trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in water or aqueous acetic acid
Mechanism: The acid protonates the ester, facilitating nucleophilic attack by water to cleave the acetyl group.
Conditions:
  • Typically reflux or gentle heating
  • Reaction time: variable
Pros:
  • Good for base-sensitive systems
Cons:
  • Harsh on acid-labile groups (e.g., glycosidic bonds can be cleaved)
Choosing the Method:
  • Use basic conditions (e.g., NaOMe/MeOH) if your sugar has acid-sensitive groups like glycosidic bonds.
  • Use acidic conditions only when base-sensitive groups (e.g., certain esters, carbonates, or enolizable ketones) are present.
Example Reaction (Base-Mediated Deacetylation):
Acetylated sugar + NaOMe in MeOH → Deacetylated sugar + CH3COONa
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The Protection of Human Rights in the Context of Armed Conflicts: A Comparative
Analysis
please provide the comparative analysis of international human rights law, international humanitarian law and islamic law
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Dear Muzammil,
The legal term that answers your question is "moral suasion". Fear of the consequences of prosecution and of ostracism and pressures from other parties is what serves as the deterrent along with inspections by UN agencies and international organizations. It works imperfectly but is better than nothing.
David Lempert, Ph.D., J.D., M.B.A., E.D. (Hon.)
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Dear Scholars, this question highlights the urgent need for international legal mechanisms to protect climate migrants. Despite projections of significant displacement due to climate change, current international law lacks a comprehensive framework to address the rights and protections of these individuals. This gap highlights the necessity for new legal instruments that recognize and safeguard the rights of climate-induced migrants.
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The basic issue related to this question is whether international law will impose obligations upon the states and establish mechanisms to restrict climate immigration or provide new rights for immigrants against states unrelated to them. If the seeking solution is the second one, international law will offend national sovereignty, which is not its role.
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I isolated an Fmoc protected unnatural amino acid. TLC indicating a single product, however NMR in CDCl3 indicating two products. Is there a chance of rotamers?
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Thank you!
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How to protect the Amazon's biodiverse natural Rainforests from the worst particularly severe drought in 120 years, record drops in river levels, and animal extinctions due to lack of water?
Due to continued high greenhouse gas emissions, the accelerating process of global warming, increasingly severe droughts are occurring in various parts of the world. Areas where periodic droughts are becoming more frequent include tropical and subtropical areas. In many parts of the world, increasingly frequent long-term droughts are causing shortages of water both for people, water used in agriculture and water necessary for the functioning of natural ecosystems. Droughts also cause increasingly frequent forest fires. The aforementioned problems and threats are now also affecting the Amazon. Recently there has been a particularly severe drought, the worst in 120 years, in the area of the Amazon's biodiverse natural Rainforest. Due to the record drought, water levels in the Amazon and its river basins are at record lows. Because of this, fish and pink Amazonian dolphins are dying out. Farmers are running out of water to irrigate their fields. Too low water levels in rivers make it difficult for Amazonians to move around. Due to the record drought, the biodiversity levels of the Amazon's natural Rainforests may be greatly reduced. In addition, the continuing process of deforestation, cutting down old-growth forests, unique tree species is causing rapid degradation of the natural Amazon Rainforests. In addition, in some countries, the energy industry is still mainly based on burning fossil fuels, which means total ignorance of the political and business spheres of the issue necessary to carry out a green transformation of the economy, total ignorance of the needs of the people, future generations of citizens.
In view of the above, I turn to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers with the following question:
How to protect the biodiverse natural Rainforests of the Amazon from the worst drought in 120 years, the record drop in water levels in rivers, the extinction of animals due to lack of water?
How to protect the biodiverse natural Rainforests of the Amazon from drought?
And what is your opinion on this topic?
I have described the key issues related to the ongoing process of global warming, its negative effects and, consequently, the need to increase the scale and accelerate the implementation of the green transformation of the economy, climate protection, and the protection of the biosphere and biodiversity of the planet in the following article:
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY
In the following article, I present the results of my research on the relationship between sustainable development, the origins and significance of the Sustainable Development Goals, and the essence of sustainable development in the context of social, normative, economic, environmental, climate and human rights aspects, among others. The research also addressed key determinants of human existential security as an element of the concept of sustainable development.
HUMAN SECURITY AS AN ELEMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN INTERNATIONAL LAW
And what is your opinion about it?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
I invite you to scientific cooperation,
Best wishes,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.
Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Dear Researchers, Scientists, Friends,
The issue of protecting the biodiversity-rich Amazon rainforest from extreme droughts is characterized by its multifaceted and complex nature, encompassing ecological, climatic, hydrological, social, economic, and political aspects. I am pleased to observe the diversity of interesting ideas for solving these pressing problems presented by researchers and scientists. The presentation of alternative courses of action that address the many facets of the question encouraging discussion on this issue is particularly valuable. The complex nature of this issue is illustrated by, among other things, the following aspects:
- The impact of global climate change on regional rainfall patterns in the Amazon.
- The interactions between deforestation and local and regional climate change and the hydrological regime.
- The complex ecosystem dependencies and resilience thresholds of various flora and fauna species to water scarcity.
- The conflicts between the needs of environmental protection and economic interests (agriculture, mining, logging).
- The role and rights of indigenous communities in the management and protection of rainforests.
- The challenges associated with monitoring and enforcing environmental protection regulations in vast and remote areas.
- The need for coordinated actions at the local, national, and international levels.
- The importance of education and raising public environmental awareness.
- The availability and allocation of financial resources for conservation and adaptation efforts.
- The impact of droughts on biodiversity and the potential consequences for global ecosystems.
- The importance of scientific research in understanding the causes and effects of droughts and in developing effective protection strategies.
- The political and economic conditions for international cooperation in the protection of the Amazon.
Commenting on the research question: "How to protect the biodiversity-rich Amazon rainforest from the worst drought in 120 years, a record drop in river levels, and the extinction of animals due to lack of water?", I believe it is extremely important and requires a comprehensive approach. In my opinion, immediate rescue efforts are necessary, but long-term protection must consider both mitigating the causes of climate change at the global level and adapting to its effects at the regional level. Based on my research and observations, strengthening early warning systems for droughts, sustainable water resource management in the region, intensifying efforts to halt deforestation, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices are key.
The question "How to protect the biodiversity-rich Amazon rainforest from the worst drought in 120 years, a record drop in river levels, and the extinction of animals due to lack of water?" remains current and extremely significant. It is worth continuing the discussion on this issue and undertaking or continuing research to more fully clarify the complex interactions between climate change and Amazonian ecosystems and to develop effective protection strategies. The timeliness of this question stems from the intensifying extreme weather events experienced by the Amazon, and these record droughts pose a direct threat to its unique biodiversity and the functioning of the entire region. The consequences of these phenomena extend far beyond local ecosystems, potentially impacting global climate systems and biodiversity.
I would like to thank all researchers and scientists for their valuable contribution to the discussion on this extremely important topic. I am open to scientific collaboration in this area, including the interdisciplinary integration of knowledge from various scientific fields such as climatology, hydrology, biology, ecology, social sciences, and economics. I encourage the continuation of this discussion, as the urgency of the problem of protecting the Amazon from droughts and other effects of climate change is undeniable. The high level of significance of this issue is underscored by the fact that the Amazon plays a crucial role in the global carbon and water cycles, and its degradation has serious implications for the entire planet. Developing research in this area is essential for devising effective adaptation and protection strategies that take into account the complexity of Amazonian ecosystems and the needs of the communities that inhabit them.
I invite you to discuss this issue and to engage in scientific cooperation,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Can global cooperation between countries on environmental protection effectively prevent the negative effects of climate change?
Dear Researchers, Scientists, Friends,
Although global cooperation on environmental protection is theoretically a key factor in the fight against climate change, there is no clear evidence that it can effectively prevent the negative effects of climate change, especially in view of the differences in approaches to environmental issues in different countries. For the purposes of this discussion, I have formulated the following research thesis: global environmental cooperation can be effective in preventing the negative effects of climate change if countries develop joint strategies and monitoring mechanisms and effectively introduce innovative technologies on a global scale. Therefore, research in this area should focus on analysing existing examples of international cooperation in environmental protection, such as the Paris Agreement, to identify effective mechanisms of action. It will be important to examine which technologies can have the greatest impact on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and which actions can lead to an effective exchange of knowledge and technology between countries. This research will also have to take into account the differences in the levels of development of individual countries, as well as their attitudes towards environmental protection.
The following articles of mine are related to the above issues in some aspects:
I have described the key issues concerning the green transformation of the economy in the following article:
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY
What is your opinion on this topic?
What do you think about this?
Please reply,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best wishes,
I invite you to scientific cooperation,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Is The Climate Change-Academia Relationship Changing Too Fast?
"Climate change is not something coming to us in ‘the future’, it is very much with us ‘now’. With this time dimension very much settled, the impacts of climate crisis also depend on where we are, in geographical terms, and who we are (e.g., our place within a social structure). That’s why the climate change reality of Nordic fishermen is quite different from that of women shrimp-fry collectors of Bangladesh’s coast. But, if academia is essentially (and potentially) a highly connected global community, does it have a unique, uniform relationship with climate change? In other words, does climate change affect academia irrespective of one’s discipline, geographical location, age, professional experience, and academic culture?
While our understanding of climate change is shaped by academia, the climate crisis also shapes academia’s research and teaching in numerous ways. In this article, I will first explore the current climate change-academia relationship, then I will touch upon some envisaged changes — by using five reality checks...
Academics working on climate change therefore have dual challenges to face. They not only need to create new knowledge on climate change and mobilize it, but also need to make the research system to be more responsive, adaptive, and transformative to unstable politics."
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Hi all,
I would like to ask about the stability of reconstituted DQ Ovalbumin from ThermoFisher. The guidelines suggest storing the reconstituted product in +4 Celsius protected from light. I would like to ask if anyone has observed that it is possible to store for longer time (even a month)? I am analysing that with flow cytometry.
Thank you already in advance!
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Hi Vojtěch, I have been using at least a month old DQ Ovalbumin. It may be that our detection method is very sensitive, as I have had to decrease the concentration significantly from that reported in the literature, and that could be the reason why we can detect it even after the recommended storage time.
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1-How to protect investments from large losses resulting from market volatility.?
2-How enterprises and investors use modern technology to protect their investments from sudden fluctuations in stock prices.
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Managing risks in an investment portfolio is important to protect your money from market ups and downs. Today, technology offers many ways to help with this. First, after completing the process of diversification—spreading investments across different types of assets, sectors, and regions—you reduce the chance of losing everything if one area performs poorly.
Next, there are special tools and software that measure risks, such as how volatile your investments are or how much they might lose in bad times. These help investors understand their exposure. Then, automated trading systems and robo-advisors can make quick decisions to buy or sell assets based on current market conditions. This helps keep your risk levels in check without needing constant manual intervention.
Artificial intelligence and machine learning take this a step further by studying large amounts of data to predict market trends. This way, your portfolio can be adjusted proactively before big changes happen. Setting stop-loss and take-profit orders is another simple way to manage risk. These are automatic instructions to sell an asset if it drops below a certain price or to lock in profits once it reaches a target.
Investors also use scenario analysis and stress testing to see how their portfolios might perform during tough times. This helps prepare for unexpected market crashes or downturns. Finally, modern platforms allow for continuous monitoring of your investments. This means you can quickly spot issues and make changes to protect your money.
All these tools and strategies work together to help investors understand, monitor, and control risks, making their returns more stable over time.
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How could YouTube provide IP rights protection?
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By using automated detection system called content ID,this scans uploaded videos for copyrighted material. The right holders can set up rules for how their content is treated when detected,such as blocking, monetizing,or tracking views. The owners can file a compliant if they believe their content has been used without permission.youtube can enter into licensing agreements with rights holders to legally allow the use of their content on the platform.
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Hi there,
I am really curious to know by what ways researchers from different background, especially those working in Computer Science or Computational biology, protect their research progress from being tracked by these giant servers that are collecting information daily about both our online and offline activities.
It does not appear to be a simple issue to me, especially when it comes to intellectual property we create and the privacy of our research.
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A clear example is the use of air-gapped computers. These are systems disconnected from the internet and any external networks, making them highly secure for storing sensitive research data. Researchers in fields like computer science and computational biology often work offline on such machines to minimize the risk of intellectual property or progress being tracked by external entities. This method provides robust protection against unauthorized access or surveillance.
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As tax authorities increasingly turn to AI-driven tools for auditing, risk scoring, and cross-border tax enforcement, a critical legal dilemma arises:
Can international law ensure fairness, transparency, and protection of taxpayer rights especially in regions lacking the technical capacity or legal safeguards to oversee algorithmic systems?
Drawing from recent scandals like the Dutch “Toeslagenaffaire,” this question invites interdisciplinary insights into the intersection of AI governance, international tax law, and digital justice.
What are the most effective legal responses to prevent algorithmic discrimination and protect vulnerable taxpayers in a rapidly digitizing world?
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Mohammadamir Modami I believe that global tax law is, at best, still catching up to the rapidly evolving landscape of AI-powered enforcement, especially in countries where there is weak algorithmic oversight. While the use of AI in enforcement can offer greater efficiency and precision in identifying tax fraud or non-compliance, I’m concerned that, in places with limited oversight, the risks could outweigh the benefits.
AI systems, if not carefully monitored and regulated, can inadvertently perpetuate biases, make errors, or even fail to account for the unique socio-economic factors that affect tax compliance. In countries with weak governance structures or insufficient algorithmic accountability, these risks are magnified. The AI models could unfairly target certain populations or lead to misapplications of tax laws, creating unfair burdens on taxpayers.
I also worry about the lack of transparency. AI systems often operate as "black boxes," meaning that their decision-making processes are not always clear to the public or even to the officials overseeing them. This makes it difficult to ensure fairness and accountability, particularly when those being targeted by the AI-powered enforcement systems have little recourse for challenging potentially erroneous decisions.
In my view, a strongg framework for algorithmic oversight and transparency is essential before AI-powered enforcement can be fully integrated into global tax systems, especially in countries with weaker legal infrastructure. Without this, the system could end up exacerbating inequalities, undermining trust in the tax system, and potentially violating fundamental rights. For global tax law to be truly ready for AI-powered enforcement, there needs to be a serious commitment to ethical AI practices, international collaboration, and the development of clear, transparent guidelines to safeguard against these risks.
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This study aims to analyze the role of international organizations in maintaining peace in the Middle East, with a particular focus on the Palestinian case. This research takes place in a complex historical context that begins with the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 and its impact on Palestine and surrounding countries, including Lebanon, Syria, Egypt, and Jordan. The primary goal of this research is to understand how these organizations affect human security in the region, through providing humanitarian assistance, supporting development, and promoting political dialogue.
The study includes a detailed analysis of the efforts of the United Nations, the European Union, the African Union, and the League of Arab States in addressing regional security challenges. By applying Barry Buzan’s theory of regional security complex, it will assess how regional cooperation can be achieved to address common threats that cannot be solved individually. The study will also explore international relations and agreements and their impact on peacekeeping efforts, as well as how to enhance security and stability in the region.
Furthermore, the research will include an assessment of the challenges faced by these organizations in carrying out their missions under conditions of asymmetric warfare, and how these conditions affect the effectiveness of peacekeeping operations. The study will also discuss the successes achieved so far, and the factors that helped achieve these successes.
This study also aims to provide practical recommendations to improve the effectiveness of future peacekeeping efforts, by enhancing cooperation between international organizations and the states involved, and developing new strategies to address ongoing challenges. Ultimately, the research hopes to provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the vital role of international organizations in achieving peace and stability in Palestine and the region as a whole.
Despite so many debates and international meetings and agreements, the question of Palestine is still valid, the peace didn't come into reality yet, so based on the research questions, the thesis sets up the following hypothesis:
General Hypothesis:
The presence of international organizations has a positive effect on the regional security complex in the Middle East.
Sub Hypothesis:
There is a positive relationship between international organizations and the Peace Process in The Middle East.
There is a positive relationship between international organizations and peacekeeping in the Middle East.
Why is this important?
The key problem lies with the fact that the international organizations in Palestine are still in process with no effective strategy to solve the situation from its roots. Also, the situation is announced as state-centric rather than human-centric (protecting the lives of citizens). In other words, there is a state that can’t protect its citizens or support the new political parties and on the other hand, the citizens can't trust the state ideology anymore, so how can international security organizations be part of the process? Are they effective? How are peacebuilding missions planned and are they successful in the case of Palestine? Who is responsible for ensuring the security of humans?
In the case of Palestine, the state is not able to provide sustainability and security, which will lead to a very important question; who is responsible to ensure security in Palestine? What if human security is missing because of global factors that are controlled by particular authorities? How can this be fixed? Who should be the provider? and what do Palestinians really need? These all are questions that should be discussed and answered when there is a debate, national or international session on the subject of the question of Palestine.
It's agreed that the lack of basic human needs can lead to creating violence, but what if the country is not able to provide these basic needs to its citizens, due to occupational reasons? What are the government decisions that are affecting the citizens? How can they solve the situation and why did this all happen? All these questions will be discussed. The purpose of this dissertation is to develop theoretical frameworks and models that could be used in future research in the area of peacekeeping.
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Your research addresses a vital and complex issue. International organizations have played an important, though often limited, role in peacekeeping in the Middle East, particularly in Palestine. Despite decades of interventions, sustainable peace remains elusive largely because efforts have been state-centric, focused on sovereignty and political agreements, while neglecting human security needs like safety, dignity, and basic services.
The United Nations has provided humanitarian aid and passed resolutions, but geopolitical rivalries, especially among P5 members, have undermined its effectiveness. The European Union has supported governance and development but lacks strong political leverage. Meanwhile, the League of Arab States and the African Union often express solidarity but are constrained by internal divisions and resource limitations.
Applying Barry Buzan’s Regional Security Complex Theory is insightful, as it highlights how regional security in the Middle East is interconnected. However, this must be supplemented by Constructivist perspectives that consider historical grievances, identities, and narratives shaping regional dynamics.
Peacekeeping is particularly challenging under conditions of asymmetric warfare and occupation. Traditional models, based on ceasefires and buffer zones do not easily apply. Moreover, the blurred line between humanitarian assistance and political agendas has eroded trust in many organizations.
The central issue you raise, who ensures security when the state cannot is crucial. Solutions must go beyond traditional peacekeeping. A shift toward Human-Centric Peacekeeping is needed: focusing on empowering local communities, rebuilding trust, ensuring basic human needs, and promoting justice rather than just managing conflict.
To conclude, I would say, real peace in Palestine and the broader region demands international organizations to act not merely as peacekeepers, but as enablers of human security and grassroots resilience. A reimagined, people-centered approach is essential for long-term stability.
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Is the creation of new protected areas or the restoration of degraded ecosystems a better solution for the protection of biodiversity?
Dear Researchers, Scientists, Friends,
The loss of biodiversity is one of the greatest environmental challenges. The question is whether it is more effective to protect untouched areas or to restore degraded environments. For the purposes of this discussion, I have formulated the following research thesis: the creation of new protected areas better protects unique ecosystems, but restoration may bring greater global benefits. The research shows that the protection of existing natural areas, such as rainforests, is crucial for the preservation of unique species and ecosystem functions. On the other hand, restoration allows the recovery of degraded land, e.g. by recreating wetlands or planting forests, which can increase the global area that is friendly to life. Both approaches require significant financial resources and international cooperation, therefore it is necessary to prioritise an approach tailored to local needs.
My following articles are related to the above issues in some aspects:
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY
HUMAN SECURITY AS AN ELEMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN INTERNATIONAL LAW
And what is your opinion on this matter?
Please reply,
I invite everyone to the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
I invite you to scientific cooperation,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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You have to be clear on what you want to achieve, and with that perspective make your final decision. However, activities to preserve or manage for conservation might be done in both, protected areas and restored ecosystems. Many times, the final call will be defined as a result of logistic or financial possibilities. At the end, I would suggest to do your best according to your possibilities.
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What will be the long-term effects of the development of artificial intelligence in terms of ethics, privacy and individual autonomy?
Dear Researchers, Scientists, Friends,
Artificial intelligence is developing at a rapid pace and has the potential to influence almost every aspect of life. What will be the long-term effects of AI in various fields, especially in terms of ethics, data privacy and individual autonomy? For the purposes of this discussion, I have formulated the following research thesis: as AI becomes increasingly complex and ubiquitous, it may lead to new challenges related to the protection of privacy, increased surveillance and the undermining of individual autonomy, especially in the context of machine decision-making. Therefore, the development of artificial intelligence can bring benefits such as improving the quality of life and process efficiency, but it also carries risks. An example of this is the use of AI in monitoring people, which raises questions about the limits of privacy. Furthermore, AI in decision-making, e.g. in courts or medicine, can pose a threat to individual autonomy if algorithms have a greater impact on human life than the person himself. There is therefore a need to develop ethical and technological regulations that will ensure adequate protection of individuals and their data.
I have described the key issues of opportunities and threats to the development of artificial intelligence technology in my article below:
OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS AND THE NEED FOR NORMATIVE REGULATION OF THIS DEVELOPMENT
What is your opinion on this matter?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
I invite you to scientific cooperation,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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The long-term effects of artificial intelligence (AI) on ethics, privacy, and individual autonomy are profound and multifaceted. These effects will largely depend on how society, governments, and companies choose to develop and regulate AI technologies. Here’s a breakdown by theme:
1. Ethics
  • Bias and Fairness: AI systems often inherit or even amplify societal biases present in training data. If not addressed, this could lead to long-term ethical issues in areas like criminal justice, hiring, and healthcare.
  • Moral Decision-Making: In applications like autonomous vehicles or military drones, AI may be tasked with making life-and-death decisions. This raises questions about how to encode ethical principles into algorithms—and whose principles are used.
  • Responsibility and Accountability: When AI systems cause harm or make mistakes, assigning responsibility becomes complex. Long-term, society may need new legal and ethical frameworks to address this accountability gap.
2. Privacy
  • Mass Surveillance: AI, especially in conjunction with facial recognition and big data analytics, can dramatically increase surveillance capabilities. Long-term, this may erode privacy, especially in authoritarian regimes or in poorly regulated corporate environments.
  • Data Ownership: As AI thrives on large datasets, debates over who owns and controls data (individuals, companies, or governments) will shape the future of digital privacy.
  • Informed Consent: AI often operates in ways that are opaque to users, undermining informed consent and raising ethical issues about data collection and use.
3. Individual Autonomy
  • Behavioral Manipulation: AI-driven recommendation systems and targeted advertising can subtly influence user choices, potentially undermining free will. Over time, this could reshape how individuals perceive the world and make decisions.
  • Dependence on AI: As people rely more on AI for decision-making (e.g., in health, finance, or navigation), there is a risk of diminishing critical thinking and human agency.
  • Digital Inequality: Access to powerful AI tools may deepen social inequalities. Those without access or understanding of AI may lose autonomy in job markets, education, and public services increasingly driven by automated systems.
Possible Future Scenarios
  • Optimistic: AI is developed ethically, with strong regulatory frameworks and public oversight, enhancing human capabilities, promoting fairness, and respecting privacy.
  • Pessimistic: AI exacerbates existing inequalities, leads to mass surveillance and manipulation, and diminishes individual autonomy and democratic institutions.
  • Middle Path: Society experiences a mix of benefits and challenges, constantly adapting regulations and norms to manage trade-offs.
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What are the ethical and social challenges of using artificial intelligence technology to improve computerised cybersecurity systems?
Dear Researchers, Scientists, Friends,
AI can significantly improve the effectiveness of defence systems against cyberattacks. But what are the consequences for privacy and civil rights? For the purposes of this discussion, I have formulated the following research thesis: the use of AI in cybersecurity can increase the effectiveness of IT system protection, but it poses risks related to invasiveness and privacy restrictions. According to the above, the use of artificial intelligence technology in cybersecurity allows for the rapid detection of threats and the automation of responses to attacks. However, the implementation of this technology carries the risk of violating users' privacy, as well as the possibility of abuse by institutions using such solutions. Therefore, legal regulations and ethical guidelines for the use of AI in this field are needed.
My following articles are related to the above-mentioned issues in some aspects:
OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS AND THE NEED FOR NORMATIVE REGULATION OF THIS DEVELOPMENT
Analysis of the security of information systems protection in the context of the global cyberatomy ransomware conducted on June 2, 2017
Development of malware ransomware as a new dimension of cybercrime taking control of IT enterprise and banking systems
Determinants of the development of cyber-attacks on IT systems of companies and individual clients in financial institutions
The role of Big Data and Data Science in the context of information security and cybersecurity
Increase in the Internetisation of economic processes, economic, pandemic and climate crisis as well as cybersecurity as key challenges and philosophical paradigms for the development of the 21st century civilisation.
CYBER SECURITY AND OTHER DETERMINANTS OF THE INTERNETISATION OF LOCAL AND MUNICIPAL MAGAZINES
And what is your opinion on this matter?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best wishes,
I invite you to scientific cooperation,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Cyber security doing progress and help for everybody for the systematical works search research and all observations. If having any problems on the electric pages like content writing applications transactions discoveries as per request of syber netic system of control give to IT Solutions for the request.Based on artificial intelligence
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“Affirmation of Harm Avoidance, Reciprocity, Gender, Sex, and Transgenderism: Conventional wisdom is that positive affirmations are highly important as one's thinking often affects that same person's actions. The more left one goes on the political spectrum the more that individual emphasizes harm avoidance and reciprocity over purity, authority, and in-group loyalty as far as moral roots. Gender is definitely a social construct. A man can become a transgender woman simply by identifying as much. Likewise, a gender can change based only on self identity. Transgenderism (the state of being transgender) is when gender does NOT match stereotypical sex. Since gender is completely a social construct, surgeries to reassign sex are costly and completely unnecessary”( ).
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Your inability to respond leads to the conclusions - theree are no special rights. Answer the question, please, do not obfuscate.
Let me help you - if neither you nor Alexander can identify "trans rights" - what is there to protect?
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Abortion is a very timely topic, and of course source of many debates. Abortion legalization has numerous positive sides, starting from the fact that it ensures a safe place for women to have an abortion, avoiding all the risks that a “homemade” abortion can have and adding the aspect of protecting women from unwanted pregnancies.
Apart from that, a debate that is very discussed, is the fact that the the legalization of abortion, and thus ease of access to it, could result in an increase in abortion cases among women and an unconscientious use of this practice.
Is the legalization of abortion, then, a double-edged sword in this regard? How could this aspect be avoided, should it arise?
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The answer to this question depends on the context in which data is analyzed and the methodology of the studies. Available research suggests that the legalization of abortion does not necessarily lead to an increase in the number of abortions but rather ensures that they are performed under safer conditions.
In countries where abortion is legal and accessible, the abortion rate often remains stable or decreases over time, especially when effective contraceptive policies are in place.
 In countries with restrictive abortion laws, abortions still occur, but they are more likely to be unsafe and illegal, increasing the risk of complications and maternal mortality.
 In countries like the Netherlands and Sweden, where comprehensive sex education and widespread access to contraception are available, abortion rates are relatively low despite liberal abortion laws.
 In countries with limited access to contraception, unintended pregnancies are more common, which can lead to higher abortion rates, regardless of legal restrictions.
After the legalization of abortion in the U.S. in 1973 (Roe v. Wade), there was an initial increase, but in the long term, abortion rates declined, particularly after 1990, alongside improved access to contraception.
Abortion legalization alone does not automatically increase the number of abortions. Instead, it ensures that abortions are performed under medically safe conditions. The actual number of abortions is more influenced by access to contraception, socio-economic factors, and sexual educationthan by legal restrictions.
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Can a Bird Flu Vaccine Protect Cows? A New Study Says Yes
Why This Matters
Bird flu (H5N1) is usually a problem for birds, but recently, it has been found in dairy cows. This raises concerns because cows produce milk consumed by humans, and the virus could potentially spread in unexpected ways. Scientists have now tested a bird flu vaccine on cows to see if it can protect them and if the immunity passes into their milk.
A new study published in Scientific Reports shows promising results: vaccinated cows developed strong immunity, and antibodies were even found in their milk. This could be a game-changer in preventing the spread of the virus. (Read the study here).
What Did the Study Find?
Researchers gave different doses of an inactivated bird flu vaccine to young cows (calves) and later to adult, milk-producing cows. They then measured the immune response in the animals’ blood and milk.
• Young Cows (Calves): The vaccine worked better with higher doses, producing stronger immunity.
• Milk-Producing Cows: Vaccinated cows not only developed antibodies but also passed them into their milk within two weeks.
This means that vaccinating dairy cows could help protect both the cows and potentially reduce the virus’s presence in milk.
What’s Next?
The study suggests that bird flu vaccines could be an important tool for protecting cattle and preventing further spread. However, more research is needed to:
• Test the vaccine in larger groups of cows.
• Monitor how long the immunity lasts.
• Improve the vaccine formula to make it as effective as possible.
Bottom Line
This study provides hope that a bird flu vaccine could help safeguard dairy cows and reduce risks to farmers and consumers. If successful on a larger scale, this approach could be a key step in managing bird flu outbreaks in cattle.
📖 Read the full study here: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-87831-w
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Humor in Law and Legal Issues
The Media Law Journal (April 24, 2013) stated, “it’s not that the law clearly protects humorous speech and satire. The question is a bit vexed.” “With cases involving outrageous parody and satire, the path of least resistance has been to find the ‘speech’ non-defamatory as a matter of law.” Satire is “the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people’s stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues.” The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press states that “Satire and Parody are important forms of political commentary that rely on blurring the line between truth and outrageousness to attack, scorn and ridicule public figures.” “Although they may be offensive and intentionally injurious, these statements contain constitutionally protected ideas and opinions provided a reasonable reader would not mistake the statements as describing actual facts.”
Comedians and writers can make a living from writing original jokes, but not all jokes can be copyrighted. A joke must be original, and fixed in some tangible form to be eligible for copyright protection, so jokes that are only uttered verbally are ineligible. Videos, books, and recordings of jokes may be eligible for copyright protection because they are recorded in tangible form. Jokes must also be original.
Minor variations of other people’s jokes are not eligible for copyright protection; also generalized humorous observations might not be eligible. The “Fair-Use” exception to copyright laws allows short excerpts of copyrighted material to be used for educational use, for parody, for scholarly review and similar purposes. Normally only longer jokes, humorous essays, or collections of jokes are copyrighted because other performers could work your jokes into their routines, and claim that they were parodying your jokes.
VOLTAIRE SAID: “It is forbidden to kill; therefore, all murderers are punished unless they kill in large numbers and to the sound of trumpets.”
HONORÉ DE BALZAC SAID: “Laws are spider webs through which the big flies pass and the little ones get caught.
JIMMY CARTER SAID: “Penalties against possession of a drug should not be more damaging to an individual than the use of the drug itself.”
What does the law say about the protection of satire, irony, parody, and jokes?
Don and Alleen Nilsen “Humor Across the Academic Disciplines” PowerPoints: https://www.public.asu.edu/~dnilsen/
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Antonio: I like your response. Three cheers for satire ! ! !
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Why did Marquis de Pombal finance seismology: so that "scientists could sit and fantasize without protecting human lives"?
Or so that he could create a forecasting system and use it to protect human lives?
What do you like more: to save people's lives by implementing a created and tested method?
Or are you only interested in fantasies that you will read while sitting in a cemetery of earthquake victims?
This question is a mine strict version, reminding us of the purpose of the work and financing of seismology.
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In ancient times, if a scientist made a mistake in predicting an earthquake, he was killed.
250 years ago, the Marquis de Pombal began to finance seismology.
Are you ready to pay off the debts to people who contribute part of their labor to pay for the work of seismologists?
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Humor in Law and Legal Issues
The Media Law Journal (April 24, 2013) stated, “it’s not that the law clearly protects humorous speech and satire. The question is a bit vexed.” “With cases involving outrageous parody and satire, the path of least resistance has been to find the ‘speech’ non-defamatory as a matter of law.” Satire is “the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people’s stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues.” The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press states that “Satire and Parody are important forms of political commentary that rely on blurring the line between truth and outrageousness to attack, scorn and ridicule public figures.” “Although they may be offensive and intentionally injurious, these statements contain constitutionally protected ideas and opinions provided a reasonable reader would not mistake the statements as describing actual facts.”
Comedians and writers can make a living from writing original jokes, but not all jokes can be copyrighted. A joke must be original, and fixed in some tangible form to be eligible for copyright protection, so jokes that are only uttered verbally are ineligible. Videos, books, and recordings of jokes may be eligible for copyright protection because they are recorded in tangible form. Jokes must also be original.
Minor variations of other people’s jokes are not eligible for copyright protection; also generalized humorous observations might not be eligible. The “Fair-Use” exception to copyright laws allows short excerpts of copyrighted material to be used for educational use, for parody, for scholarly review and similar purposes. Normally only longer jokes, humorous essays, or collections of jokes are copyrighted because other performers could work your jokes into their routines, and claim that they were parodying your jokes.
VOLTAIRE SAID: “It is forbidden to kill; therefore, all murderers are punished unless they kill in large numbers and to the sound of trumpets.”
HONORÉ DE BALZAC SAID: “Laws are spider webs through which the big flies pass and the little ones get caught.
JIMMY CARTER SAID: “Penalties against possession of a drug should not be more damaging to an individual than the use of the drug itself.”
What does the law say about the protection of satire, irony, parody, and jokes?
Don and Alleen Nilsen “Humor Across the Academic Disciplines” PowerPoints: https://www.public.asu.edu/~dnilsen/
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Don
If I may I send you these commentaries from my journalism teaching days. They may be of interest.
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This question challenges the traditional foundation of international relations theory - the concept of national interest. It proposes a novel framework that moves beyond state-centric thinking and prioritizes collective goals for a healthy planet and human flourishing. Analyzing international cooperation through this lens would involve:
  • Redefining Security: Security wouldn't just be about protecting national borders, but about ensuring global environmental and social security.
  • Measuring Success: Indicators of progress wouldn't just be economic growth or military strength, but metrics reflecting ecological health, poverty reduction, and global cooperation.
  • Emerging Governance: Exploring alternative models of international governance that prioritize global well-being, potentially involving greater power for supranational organizations or innovative forms of participatory democracy on a global scale.
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But here, with this Question of the distinguised Dear Dr. @Mohammed Saaida, we want and try to find a concrete answer to the need to prioritize global well-being and protect the environment in a world that faces problems such as "climate change"
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To what extent do destructive forestry practices, the destruction of natural ecosystems, water and soil pollution, emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, and the loss of biodiversity threaten the planet's biosphere and human well-being?
The results of numerous scientific studies confirm that the destruction of forests, water and soil pollution, and the loss of biodiversity are serious problems that threaten ecosystems and human well-being. These negative changes, resulting from the overexploitation of natural resources, industrial activities, agriculture and urbanisation, lead to environmental degradation and have far-reaching consequences. The destruction of forests, the Earth's lungs, contributes to climate change, soil erosion and loss of biodiversity. Water and soil pollution caused by industrial waste water, pesticides and waste endangers the health of humans and animals. The loss of biodiversity disrupts the balance in ecosystems, making them more susceptible to change. To solve these problems, it is necessary to implement comprehensive strategies, including nature conservation, sustainable management of natural resources and the promotion of green technologies. Scientific research plays a key role in solving these problems, providing the knowledge and tools necessary for environmental protection and sustainable development.
And what is your opinion on this topic?
What is your opinion on this matter?
Please reply,
I invite everyone to the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best wishes,
I invite you to scientific cooperation,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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The biosphere, encompassing all life on Earth, is facing unprecedented threats due to anthropogenic activities. Among these, destructive forestry practices, ecosystem destruction, pollution, emissions, and biodiversity loss are significant drivers of environmental degradation. These interrelated factors not only disrupt ecological balance but also pose direct and indirect risks to human well-being.
Deforestation, driven by logging, agriculture, and urban expansion, results in large-scale habitat destruction. The loss of forests reduces carbon sequestration, accelerates climate change, and disrupts the hydrological cycle. Tropical deforestation alone contributes to approximately 10-15% of global CO₂ emissions annually. Moreover, the destruction of forests diminishes biodiversity by eliminating essential habitats, leading to population declines and extinctions of species that rely on forest ecosystems.
Agricultural runoff, industrial waste, and plastic pollution are major contributors to water and soil degradation. The contamination of freshwater ecosystems with pesticides, heavy metals, and microplastics affects aquatic biodiversity and human health, leading to bioaccumulation of toxins in food chains. In soils, pollutants reduce microbial diversity, impair nutrient cycling, and lower agricultural productivity, posing a serious risk to global food security. The infiltration of chemical fertilizers into groundwater has also been linked to serious health conditions, affecting quality of life, creating disease.
The burning of fossil fuels and industrial processes release carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and particulate matter into the atmosphere. These pollutants contribute to climate change, acid rain, and respiratory diseases. Rising global temperatures, driven by increased greenhouse gas emissions, lead to extreme weather events, desertification, glacial melt, and sea level rise, directly impacting ecosystems and human populations. Furthermore, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from emissions is a major cause of premature deaths worldwide, exacerbating respiratory and cardiovascular disease.
In the "sixth mass extinction" species are disappearing at rates 100 to 1,000 times higher than natural background levels. Habitat destruction, invasive species, pollution, and climate change are the main drivers of this decline. The loss of key species disrupts ecosystem services such as pollination, pest control, and water purification, which are essential for human survival. Coral reef degradation, for instance, threatens marine biodiversity and the livelihoods of millions who depend on fisheries and coastal protection.
The degradation of the biosphere has cascading effects on human societies. Climate change-induced natural disasters displace millions, leading to climate refugees. Reduced biodiversity impacts food security by diminishing pollinator populations, leading to lower crop yields. Water and air pollution contribute to millions of premature deaths annually, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations in developing regions. The future of the biosphere and human well-being depends on immediate action to halt biodiversity loss, reduce emissions, and restore degraded ecosystems before irreversible tipping points are reached.
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How to monitor ecological restoration effects from site-unit-watershed scale? What indicators should be considered in the monitoring of ecological protection and restoration effects?
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Monitoring the Effects of Ecological Restoration at Different Spatial Scales (Location → Unit → Watershed)
Monitoring the effects of ecological restoration across different spatial scales requires a multidisciplinary approach that integrates biophysical, chemical, hydrological, and socio-economic indicators.
1. Indicators for Different Monitoring Scales
A) Location (Micro-Level, e.g., Restored Wetland Ecosystem, Afforested Area)
Biological Indicators
  • Biodiversity (number and presence of key species)
  • Vegetation structure and composition
  • Population dynamics of indicator species (e.g., amphibians, birds)
Physical-Chemical Indicators
  • Water quality (pH, dissolved oxygen, nutrients – nitrogen, phosphorus)
  • Organic matter content in soil
  • Degree of soil erosion
Ecosystem Services
  • Improvement of water quality (pollution filtration)
  • Enhancement of soil fertility
  • Carbon sequestration
B) Unit (Meso-Level, e.g., Protected Area, Riverbank Zone)
Hydrological Indicators
  • Water flow and retention in floodplains
  • Groundwater depth
  • Sediment dynamics
Biological and Ecosystem Indicators
  • Habitat dynamics (area of natural ecosystems vs. degraded areas)
  • Reproduction and migration of key species
  • Ecosystem connectivity index (ecological corridors)
Socio-Economic Indicators
  • Changes in land use patterns
  • Economic benefits (ecotourism, sustainable resource use)
  • Involvement of local communities in ecosystem management
C) Watershed (Macro-Level, e.g., Entire River Basin, National Park, Large Ecosystem Unit)
Hydrological-Climatic Indicators
  • Changes in precipitation quantity and distribution
  • Water retention in the watershed (water balance)
  • Frequency of extreme weather events (floods, droughts)
Biodiversity and Ecological Processes
  • Changes in the distribution of invasive species
  • Effects of restoration on species migration routes
  • Restoration of natural ecosystems vs. degraded areas
Socio-Economic Impacts
  • Effects on agriculture and sustainable resource use
  • Impact on the quality of life of local populations
  • Policies and management strategies (environmental regulations, protection programs)
2. Methods for Monitoring Effects
🔹 Drones and Satellite Imagery – for tracking vegetation and land use changes 🔹 Water and Soil Sensors – for continuous measurement of water quality, moisture, and temperature 🔹 Bioindicator Species – e.g., the presence of salmon indicates a healthy river ecosystem 🔹 Climate Change Impact Modeling – to predict the effects of restoration at the watershed level 🔹 Surveys and Economic Analyses – assessment of the socio-economic effects of restoration
Effective monitoring of ecological restoration requires combining biological, hydrological, and socio-economic indicators according to the spatial scale. By using modern technologies and engaging local communities, restoration sustainability and long-term ecosystem protection can be ensured.
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Could experienced researchers share detailed insights about the mechanisms controlling DNA tracer transport and survival in groundwater systems? Specifically, I'm interested in:
- The molecular design parameters that affect tracer performance
- The role of protective carriers (like silica particles) in preventing DNA degradation
- PCR detection sensitivity and optimization methods
- Factors affecting DNA recovery rates in different aquifer materials
- Real case studies comparing DNA tracers with traditional fluorescent dyes
I would appreciate practical examples and literature references covering both successful applications and encountered challenges.
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Tracer technologies based on naturally occurring substances or intentionally introduced compounds have a broad spectrum of applications in hydrogeological research and subsurface resource management. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)-based tracers, with unlimited unique variations and exceptional specificity, could potentially map the complex intricacies of subsurface flow networks in greater detail than traditional tracer methods. Here, we review recent advances in DNA-based tracer research involving modern culture-independent (i.e., molecular) measurement techniques for subsurface/flowpath characterization purposes. The two broad categories of DNA-based tracers, i.e., synthetic and naturally occurring, are further classified into four specific types: “naked DNA”, “encapsulated DNA”, “barcoding microbial communities”, and “indicator microbial communities”. We summarize and compare the basic methodological workflows for each type of DNA-based tracer and provide an overview of research developments in the past two decades, covering both laboratory/field-scale experiments and data interpretation methods. Finally, we highlight remaining questions and challenges for each type of DNA-based tracer in terms of practicality. Future research directions are also identified, including the application of emerging DNA tracer methods to a wider range of geological formations. Fundamental characteristics of these novel tracers need to be better understood, and their applicability under a broader range of engineering scenarios requires further validation.
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We find the article of Jirkof et al (2019) but they use buprenorphine during only 3 whereas we would like to keep bupreorphine in water bottels during 5 days.
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Stability of Buprenorphine in Drinking Water Studies suggests that buprenorphine remains stable in drinking water for 24-48 hours
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The Helsinki Declaration is a key document in the field of medical ethics, developed by the World Medical Association (WMA). It provides ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects, including research on identifiable human material and data. The 2013 Revised Version is the latest update, adopted at the 64th WMA General Assembly in Fortaleza, Brazil.
Key Highlights of the 2013 Revised Version:
  1. Ethical Considerations in Research: Emphasizes the well-being of research participants over the interests of science and society. Reinforces the need for informed consent from all participants. Includes vulnerable groups, requiring additional protections for them.
  2. Risk and Benefit Assessment: Stresses that research should only be conducted if the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Researchers must ensure that risks are minimized.
  3. Scientific and Ethical Review: All research must undergo a rigorous review by an independent ethics committee. Research protocols should be publicly available.
  4. Post-Trial Provisions: Researchers are required to ensure access to interventions identified as beneficial during the study after its conclusion.
  5. Use of Placebos: Placebo use is restricted to cases where no proven intervention exists or when compelling methodological reasons justify it.
  6. Protection of Privacy: Emphasizes the confidentiality of personal data and the protection of participants' identities.
  7. Compensation for Harm: Provides that participants harmed as a result of research should be compensated.
  8. Dissemination of Results: Researchers have an ethical obligation to make research results publicly available, regardless of whether the results are positive or negative.
Importance of the 2013 Revision:
This version responded to evolving ethical challenges in research, such as globalization, advances in technology, and the increasing complexity of clinical trials. It aims to ensure that human rights and dignity remain at the forefront of medical research worldwide.
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' hi , thank you !
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I find some Federal and some State law that provides protection for certain medical professionals from tort liability. What about other volunteers who are not medical personnel? Also credentialing, and background checks can be time consuming and have cost. Should those types of things be done for everyone or only in certain cases?
As a student I appreciate the opportunity to ask questions! Thanks jlh
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The biggest scam in medical tort law avoidance is the federal preemption employed by drug companies to escape product liability suits.
As for volunteers, when you volunteer it comes with the duty of care.
Progressing to credentialing and background checks, yes it must be for everyone, volunteers included. Its a sad fact that volunteering attracts not just the Good Samaritans but all to often the bad actor too.
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The answer may most likely be similar across most country, but may more or less be different for different regions of the world, and especially on their level of development, including economic status and annual GDP status.
Can we add our different experiences and other perspectives to address the given general question above?
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Curtailing the pressure on natural resources by adopting alternative livelihood we can esse the problem to a large extent. For instance, instead of depending solely on capture fisheries, we can switch ovswitch over
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Please explain
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Protective groups will mask temporarely a reactive goup before
being selectively released .
Try Theodora Green/Peter Wuts; dates a little but the fundamentals
are there;
ISBN 0-471-62301-6
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I am looking for a way to protect my courses from re-use, but rg do not use the data type "course" in the website, any advice please?
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I assume you mean public but with your copyright protected, and with a unique (DOI) identifier?
You would post it on Zenodo, which allows the creation of a DOI for any uploaded content, and you would pick a creative commons license so people references or re-using it can know what rules apply.
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Unfortunately, cause this rule below we can't tell thank you for sharing their research to most people using researchgate.net !!!
"At ResearchGate, we’re constantly working to ensure that interactions between our members remain professional and useful. As part of this effort, we’ve made a change to our messaging feature: from now on, ResearchGate members can only send messages to people who follow them. This change is designed to help you connect with people you know and those interested in your work while also protecting your privacy and reducing unwanted messages.
We hope this change has a positive impact on your experience on ResearchGate.
Thanks for your understanding!"
I don't understand !!!
We need to do something !!!
With best regards !!!
Oskar
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Buy us a coffee !!! Thank you very much !!! 👇 https://buycoffee.to/polskaantropologiafizyczna
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In my work, I needed to put copper oxide in the acid, like (Hcl, H2SO4), but the color changed. Can I continue, or has it separated and returned to its original state? Or could you suggest a method to protect the oxide?
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Dear Nina Bou, basic chemical reactions are outlined in the link below. Also there is a well know process underling the exploitation of such reactions of CuO with inorganic acids, it is the leaching process, may be it will be beneficial after extended reading about. My Regards
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As we know that Actinomycetes produce most of the clinical used antibiotics, therefore, what mechanisms do they use to protect themselves from the antibiotics they made?
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Anita Ma It is long-known fact that antibiotic-producing bacteria have powerful system of multiply resistance to toxic compounds. See some references:
Benveniste, Raoul, and Julian Davies. "Aminoglycoside antibiotic-inactivating enzymes in actinomycetes similar to those present in clinical isolates of antibiotic-resistant bacteria." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 70.8 (1973): 2276-2280.
HOTTA, KUNIMOTO, et al. "Multiple resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics in actinomycetes." The Journal of Antibiotics 36.12 (1983): 1748-1754.
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Dear Researchers, Professors, and Security Policy Makers,
We are pleased to announce the official release of the following three books published by IGI Global. This journey has been one of dedication, exploration, and collaboration. I am proud to have authored and edited these three books alongside my eldest daughter Neha Chaubey, MSc from Imperial College, London, UK to see these works come to fruition.
Our book is honored to have a foreword by Dr. Akshai Aggarwal, Professor Emeritus, University of Windsor, Canada, and Ex Vice Chancellor, Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, India. Read his insightful foreword here
and heartfelt gratitude to my Ph.D. guide, Guru Professor Dr. Savita Gandhi, Ex-Professor and Head of Computer Science, Rollawala Computer Centre, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India and currently Dean of Computer Science at GLS University, Ahmedabad, India https://www.igi-global.com/pdf.aspx?tid=360359&ptid=342482&ctid=15&t=Acknowledgment&isxn=9798369359617
These groundbreaking resources are now available:
1. Book Title: "Advancing Cyber Security Through Quantum Cryptography," Editors: Nirbhay S. Chaubey, Ganpat University, Gujarat, India Neha Chaubey, Imperial College, London, UK
2. Book Title: " Harnessing Quantum Cryptography for Next-Generation Security Solutions" Editors: Nirbhay S. Chaubey, Ganpat University, Gujarat, India Neha Chaubey, Imperial College, London, UK
3. Book Title: " Advanced Cyber Security Techniques for Data, Blockchain, IoT, and Network Protection" Editors: Nirbhay S. Chaubey, Ganpat University, Gujarat, India Neha Chaubey, Imperial College, London, UK
These books focus on advancing research in critical areas such as Quantum Computing, Quantum Cryptography, Cyber Security, Blockchain, IoT, and Network Protection. We highly recommend them as essential resources for academics, Ph.D. research scholars, postgraduate and undergraduate students, cyber security professionals, practitioners, and policymakers. They provide the knowledge necessary to protect the digital frontier and ensure the safety and security of valuable assets. Explore these valuable resources to enhance your expertise in today's rapidly evolving quantum technology and cybersecurity fields. We would love to hear your thoughts, or you may even recommend them to others who might find them beneficial. Your support and feedback mean the world to the book Editors. Thank you to everyone who has been part of this incredible journey, your encouragement and expertise have made this possible !
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Great
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Mangroves significantly contribute to mitigating estuarine acidification through physical, chemical, and biological processes. But the exact mechanism is poorly understood. Protecting and restoring mangroves can thus be an essential strategy for maintaining the health and pH balance of estuarine ecosystems.
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Yes, mangroves can play a role in controlling the process of estuarine acidification through several mechanisms, thanks to their unique ecological functions and the chemical processes they mediate in estuarine environments. Here's how:
1. Carbon Sequestration and Alkalinity Generation
  • Carbon Dioxide Uptake: Mangroves absorb atmospheric CO₂ through photosynthesis, reducing the amount of CO₂ available to dissolve in estuarine waters and form carbonic acid, a primary driver of acidification.
  • Alkalinity Production: Decomposition of organic matter and anaerobic processes in mangrove sediments can generate bicarbonates and alkalinity, which buffer pH changes and mitigate acidification.
2. Nutrient Cycling and Sediment Stabilization
  • Organic Matter Breakdown: Mangrove root systems trap organic matter and nutrients, where microbial activity mediates processes like denitrification. This can reduce nutrient-driven acidification in the estuary.
  • Sediment Stabilization: By stabilizing sediments, mangroves reduce resuspension of acidic particles (e.g., sulfides or heavy metals) that might lower pH when reintroduced to the water column.
3. Sulfur Cycle Regulation
  • Mangrove ecosystems often host sulfate-reducing bacteria, which convert sulfate into sulfides. When sulfides are sequestered in sediments, they prevent the formation of sulfuric acid, a contributor to acidification.
  • Additionally, mangrove sediments promote the precipitation of iron sulfides, removing these from the water and preventing acidification.
4. Buffering Seasonal and Anthropogenic Variations
  • Estuarine acidification can be exacerbated by seasonal freshwater inflows or anthropogenic activities that introduce acidic runoff. Mangroves can absorb and buffer such changes by regulating the mixing of freshwater and seawater, maintaining a more stable estuarine pH.
5. Biological Contribution to Water Quality
  • The dense root systems of mangroves act as natural biofilters, trapping and processing pollutants and nutrients that could otherwise lead to eutrophication and subsequent acidification.
  • Enhanced primary production by mangrove-associated algae also contributes to local CO₂ uptake, mitigating acidification.
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It seems that in a digitised economy, tariff agreements, workers' solidarity and industrial action are fading into the background. All these things are no longer having an effect. Is that so? It would be interesting to know what colleagues think. Thank you
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Thank you, honourable colleague
But without collective bargaining, social protection cannot be strengthened.
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we use more than one relays for the protection of substation therefore adequate co ordination needed among the different types of relays being used in the same bay.
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Coordination among relays in a 66kV substation is essential for effective protection and system stability, achieved through selectivity, time coordination, and appropriate current settings. Different relay types, such as overcurrent, distance, and differential protection, must be set to ensure only the closest relay to a fault operates, using time-current characteristic curves to define delays. Each relay's pickup current should be adjusted, with downstream relays set lower than upstream ones. Implementing zone protection for distance relays and utilizing communication protocols like IEC 61850 can enhance coordination and decision-making. Regular testing and validation of relay settings, thorough documentation, and training personnel in protective relay systems are vital for maintaining reliable operations and minimizing potential damage in the substation. Goodluck for your successful research.
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The exponential development of quantum computing presents both enhanced opportunities and significant challenges in the field of cybersecurity. Quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize areas such as cryptography, data science, and artificial intelligence due to its ability to process information exponentially faster than classical computers. However, this power also introduces new vulnerabilities that could compromise the security of existing encryption methods.
Emerging Cybersecurity Threats from Quantum Computing:
  1. Breaking Classical Cryptographic Protocols: Classical cryptographic algorithms like RSA, Diffie-Hellman, and ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) are foundational to modern cybersecurity, protecting everything from personal data to financial transactions. These methods rely on the complexity of certain mathematical problems (e.g., factoring large numbers or solving discrete logarithms), which are computationally difficult for classical computers to solve. However, Shor’s algorithm, a quantum algorithm, can solve these problems in polynomial time, making many classical encryption schemes vulnerable to decryption by sufficiently powerful quantum computers. This poses a serious threat to sensitive data stored or transmitted today.
  2. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) Vulnerabilities: Quantum Key Distribution is a quantum encryption method that leverages the principles of quantum mechanics to securely exchange cryptographic keys. However, despite its potential, QKD is still in the experimental stage and faces scalability and technical challenges. A widespread, practical implementation could introduce new vulnerabilities, especially in the transmission of quantum keys over large-scale networks.
  3. Post-Quantum Cryptography Threats: Quantum computers may also disrupt the development and deployment of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms designed to be resistant to quantum attacks. As governments and organizations transition to quantum-safe encryption, the timeline for safe adoption may leave systems exposed to quantum-enabled attacks before quantum-resistant cryptographic systems are widely implemented.
Adapting Classical Encryption Techniques to Quantum Computing:
To mitigate the risks posed by quantum computing, there is a growing push towards developing and implementing quantum-resistant encryption methods. This includes adapting classical encryption techniques to maintain security in a quantum world.
  1. Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC): PQC algorithms are being developed to be resistant to quantum computing’s ability to break traditional encryption schemes. These algorithms rely on problems that are believed to be hard for quantum computers to solve, such as: Lattice-based Lattice LatticeLattice-based cryptography: Uses the complexity of lattice problems to create encryption systems that are hard for quantum computers to break. Code-based cryptography: Utilizes error-correcting codes to form cryptographic systems that quantum computers are less likely to break. Hash-based cryptography: Uses cryptographic hash functions to create digital signatures that are resistant to quantum attacks. Multivariate polynomial cryptography: Relies on the difficulty of solving systems of multivariate polynomial equations over finite fields.
  2. Hybrid Encryption Models: A more immediate approach to secure systems in the quantum era is the use of hybrid encryption models that combine both classical and quantum-safe cryptographic methods. For example, an encrypted communication could use both RSA for the immediate security and a PQC algorithm for future-proofing, ensuring the data remains protected even after quantum computers become more powerful.
  3. Quantum-Safe Key Exchange Protocols: Traditional key exchange protocols, like Diffie-Hellman, need to be adapted to withstand quantum decryption capabilities. Researchers are investigating new key exchange mechanisms, such as lattice-based or code-based protocols, that can resist quantum algorithms. This would ensure secure key generation and distribution even in the presence of quantum threats.
  4. Quantum Cryptography and Quantum Key Distribution (QKD): As quantum computing advances, QKD techniques are being explored for their ability to provide theoretically unbreakable encryption. QKD relies on the principles of quantum mechanics, such as the no-cloning theorem and quantum superposition, to ensure secure key exchanges. However, practical, large-scale deployment is still in development, and integrating QKD into global systems will require overcoming significant technical and scalability challenges.
Conclusion:
The emergence of quantum computing is a transformative development in the field of technology, but it poses serious threats to traditional cybersecurity protocols. To safeguard sensitive data, researchers and industry experts are focusing on the development of quantum-resistant encryption algorithms, along with hybrid encryption systems that combine classical and post-quantum techniques. Adapting to the quantum era will require a collaborative, multi-disciplinary approach that spans cryptography, quantum physics, and cybersecurity. This research is crucial to preparing our global digital infrastructure for the future and ensuring that systems remain secure in the face of powerful quantum capabilities.
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The rise of quantum computing threatens current encryption, particularly public-key cryptography (e.g., RSA, ECC), which could be easily broken by quantum algorithms like Shor’s. Symmetric encryption, such as AES, is also affected, as quantum computers could reduce its security by half. To address this, **post-quantum cryptography (PQC)** is emerging, focusing on algorithms resistant to quantum attacks. Strategies include **larger key sizes** for symmetric encryption, **hybrid cryptosystems** that combine current and quantum-resistant algorithms, and **quantum key distribution (QKD)** for secure key sharing. Organizations and standards bodies are working on new protocols to secure systems as quantum computing develops.
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How can we rationally utilize biological resources to meet the needs of human development while protecting the natural ecological environment?
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Hello Satu; There is one overarching requirement. First, we must reduce human reproductive rate to something below 1.2 children per mother. If we don't do that, nothing else we do will ultimately matter. Our numbers MUST stop growing. Best regards, Jim Des Lauriers
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I would like to understand the main idea of my dissertation thesis.
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Linux softwre can be used . It is best softwre from securiy point of view.
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Why Copyright Filing is Essential Before Publication, Especially for Intervention and Tool Design
  1. Legal Protection: Copyright filing provides legal protection for your intellectual property. By registering your work, you establish a public record of your authorship and create a legal basis for taking action against unauthorized use or infringement.
  2. Prevention of Unauthorized Use: Before publication, securing copyright ensures that your intervention and tool designs are protected from unauthorized reproduction, adaptation, or distribution. This is particularly important for proprietary designs that may be valuable for research or commercial applications.
  3. Enhanced Credibility: Registering your copyright adds to the credibility of your work. It signals to others that you have taken formal steps to protect your intellectual property, which can increase the perceived value and professionalism of your intervention and tool designs.
  4. Facilitates Licensing and Commercialization: If you plan to license or commercialize your intervention or tool, having a registered copyright simplifies the process. It provides clear proof of ownership, which is crucial for negotiations and contracts.
  5. Evidence of Ownership: In the event of a dispute over ownership or authorship, a registered copyright serves as concrete evidence of your claim. It can help resolve legal conflicts more efficiently and favorably.
  6. Moral and Economic Rights: Copyright filing not only protects your economic rights by preventing others from profiting off your work without permission but also upholds your moral rights as the creator, ensuring that your work is used appropriately and attributed correctly.
By securing copyright before publication, you safeguard your intellectual property, enhance its value, and protect your rights as the creator of innovative interventions and tools.
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My dear friend, I think you have a bit of a misunderstanding of terms. Copyright is about the rights to works of science, literature, art (i.e. the rights of artists, writers, photographers, etc.).
As far as I understand, what is written in your post refers rather to patent law. Patents do protect the very essence of technical development (and design, if we are talking about an industrial design). So it would be more accurate to talk about patent rights rather than copyright, probably.
Best regards,
Marina
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Dmt protection is a important step allowing protection of the hydroxyl group in the 5'OH in the nucleotides. This 5'OH specific protection allow a sequential coupling of the nucleotides, forming a obligonucleotide.
As we know DMT protection is follow the sn1 reaction manner. And for sn1 reaction, primary alcohol is less reactive than the secondary alcohol. Therefore, beside steric hindrance I would like to know why DMT is 5'specific. Thank you so much
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Why Patent Filing is Essential Before Public Disclosure, Commercialization, or Publication of Your Invention
  1. Protects Intellectual Property: Filing for a patent establishes legal protection for your invention. It grants you exclusive rights to make, use, sell, or license the invention, preventing others from exploiting it without your permission.
  2. Prevents Loss of Patent Rights: Public disclosure of your invention before filing can lead to a loss of patent rights. In many jurisdictions, once an invention is publicly disclosed or published, it can no longer be patented, as the novelty requirement is compromised.
  3. Secures Commercial Advantage: Early patent filing provides a competitive edge by securing your invention's intellectual property before it is commercialized. It helps in attracting investors and partners, as it demonstrates a commitment to protecting valuable innovations.
  4. Avoids Legal Disputes: Filing a patent before public disclosure minimizes the risk of legal disputes over patent rights. It establishes a clear record of your claim to the invention, which is crucial if other parties attempt to patent similar ideas or technologies.
  5. Enhances Negotiation Power: Having a patent filed or granted strengthens your position in negotiations with potential licensees, collaborators, or buyers. It can enhance the value of your invention and provide leverage in discussions about commercialization.
  6. Provides Legal Recourse: A patent grants you the legal right to enforce your invention's protection. Without a filed patent, you may have limited recourse in the event of infringement, making it harder to defend your intellectual property.
  7. Supports Strategic Planning: Filing a patent before public disclosure allows for strategic planning around the invention's commercialization and marketing. It ensures that your intellectual property strategy is aligned with your business goals and market strategy.
In summary, filing for a patent before disclosing, commercializing, or publishing your invention is crucial for protecting your intellectual property, maintaining competitive advantage, and ensuring legal recourse in the event of disputes.
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These are all good reasons for filing an application before publicly disclosing an invention and I commend the author.
However, use of the word "essential" and "crucial" may suggest to some that strong patent protection cannot be obtained if the invention is published before an application is filed. This is not necessarily the case.
In the USA and several other industrialized countries, "grace periods" allow an inventor (Inventor A) to file an application within 6 to 12 months after disclosing the invention publicly. As long as a competing inventor (Inventor B) does not independently conceive the same invention and file an application for it before Inventor A files an application, Inventor A can obtain undiminished patent rights, including the advantages outlined by Mr. Singha.
Nevertheless, patent protection around the globe is based on first-to-file patent systems. Therefore, by all means, inventors should not delay filing once they have fully conceived an invention and decided it is worthy of patent protection. In the USA, provisional patent applications are a good and cost-effective way to preserve rights at the earliest stages of invention development.
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Clinical trials are research studies conducted to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and sometimes the effectiveness of new medical treatments, interventions, drugs, devices, or diagnostic procedures. These trials are essential for advancing medical knowledge, developing new treatments, and ensuring that medical interventions are safe and effective before they are made available to the general public. Clinical trials can involve testing new therapies, comparing different treatment approaches, or assessing the impact of a specific intervention on a particular population.
Clinical trials typically follow a structured protocol or plan that outlines the study objectives, participant eligibility criteria, treatment procedures, data collection methods, and endpoints for evaluating the outcomes.
They are conducted in phases, with each phase serving a specific purpose:
  1. Phase 1: These trials involve a small number of healthy volunteers and focus on assessing the safety and dosing of a new intervention.
  2. Phase 2: These trials expand to include a larger group of participants, often patients with the target condition, to gather preliminary information on the intervention's effectiveness and optimal dosing.
  3. Phase 3: In this phase, the intervention is tested on a larger group of participants to further assess its efficacy, safety, and side effects in comparison to existing treatments or placebos.
  4. Phase 4: Also known as post-marketing surveillance, these trials occur after the intervention has been approved and is available to the public. They monitor long-term safety and effectiveness in larger populations over an extended period.
The legality and ethics of clinical trials are critical considerations. Clinical trials are legal when they are conducted in accordance with local and international regulations, guidelines, and ethical standards. Various regulatory bodies, such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in Europe, and similar agencies in other countries, oversee and regulate the conduct of clinical trials to ensure participant safety and the integrity of the research.
Ethical considerations are paramount in clinical trials to protect the rights and well-being of participants. Ethical principles, such as autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice, guide the design and conduct of trials.
Key ethical aspects include:
  1. Informed Consent: Participants must be fully informed about the study's purpose, procedures, potential risks and benefits, and their right to withdraw at any time without penalty. Informed consent ensures voluntary participation.
  2. Risk-Benefit Assessment: Researchers and ethics committees evaluate the potential risks and benefits of the study to determine whether the trial is ethically justified. The benefits should outweigh the risks for participants.
  3. Equitable Selection: Participants should be selected fairly and without discrimination. Vulnerable populations should be protected from exploitation and harm.
  4. Transparency and Integrity: Researchers must be transparent about their intentions, disclose conflicts of interest, and maintain the integrity of the research process.
  5. Independent Oversight: Ethical review boards or institutional review boards (IRBs) assess the trial's ethical and scientific aspects to ensure that participant rights are upheld.
In summary, clinical trials are legal and ethical when they adhere to regulatory requirements and uphold principles of participant autonomy, safety, and welfare. These principles are crucial to ensure that research benefits society while minimizing risks to participants.
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Trustworthiness assessment of published clinical trials: Literature review of domains and questions
"Historically, peer reviewing has focused on the importance of research questions/hypotheses, appropriateness of research methods, risk of bias, and quality of writing. Until recently, the issues related to trustworthiness—including but not limited to plagiarism and fraud—have been largely neglected because of lack of awareness and lack of adequate tools/training. We set out to identify all relevant papers that have tackled the issue of trustworthiness assessment to identify key domains that have been suggested as an integral part of any such assessment...
The proposed menu of domains and questions should encourage peer reviewers, editors, systematic reviewers and developers of guidelines to engage in a more formal trustworthiness assessment. Methodologists should aim to identify the domains and questions that should be considered mandatory, those that are optional depending on the resources available, and those that could be discarded because of lack of discriminatory power..."
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Could you recommend some articles on the Great Wall Protection?
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We have collected 5 articles on the Great Wall protection from China Cultural Heritage. Hope these articles are useful to you.
Overview of the Protection of the Great Wall since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China
Zoning of the Great Wall Cultural Landscape in China
Building Techniques, Management System, and National Wisdom Reflected by the Colors of the Great Wall
Research on the Construction Path of the Great Wall National Cultural Park from the Perspective of the Theory of Scenes
Preventive Conservation for the Great Wall
More bilingual resources could be found via this link https://jtp.oversea.cnki.net/bilingual/.
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I am writing to urgently seek your help regarding a critical situation in Bangladesh. The government is reportedly preparing to use lethal force against protesters and general civilians. The potential for widespread violence and loss of life is high.
Please assist in any way you can to prevent this violence and protect the lives of innocent people.
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I can't directly intervene, but raising awareness and advocating through international organizations, human rights groups, and media channels can help address such issues. Engaging in peaceful dialogue and supporting efforts for non-violent resolutions is also important.
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This questions aims to enquire the most appropriate way to prepare the starter culture for Pilot scale E.coli fermentation at industrial level. The biggest concern being protection against loss of clone and batch to batch variations.
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Start by inoculating a small volume (e.g., 50-100 mL) of the selected medium with a small amount of your stock culture. Calculate the volume of the pre-culture needed to inoculate your 3-5L fermentation batch. The inoculum size should be sufficient to achieve the desired starting cell density in your larger culture, typically specified as an OD or cell count per mL.
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I have a small molecule reagent with a boc-protected amino group. Now the reaction needs to be reacted at 37°C for 30 h. Is this protection group stable?
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Dear Shuai Peng, I think if it is not in an acidic medium, protecting boc thermal stability is favored, because deprotection requires temperatures far above 37°C. Please have a look at the links below. My Regards
10.1016/S0040-4020(02)00131-X
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If I have posted unpublished preprints and exchanged comments with a person on ResearchGate concerning that person's published work, how protected am I from a copyright standpoint if that person then uses my recommendations without crediting me?
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What role in protecting the biodiversity of the natural ecosystems of the planet is played by the implementation of the process of green transformation of the economy?
What role in protecting the biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems is played by the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals, the implementation of climate and environmental policies, the implementation of the process of green transformation of the economy, etc. to build a sustainable, carbon-free, green closed-loop economy?
The realization of sustainable development goals, the implementation of climate and environmental policies, the implementation of the green economy transformation process, etc. the goal of building a sustainable, emission-free, green closed-loop economy is, among other things, to rapidly reduce greenhouse gas emissions going into the atmosphere until the economy becomes emission-free, so that the planet's greenhouse effect process is effectively reduced and baby the progressive process of global warming slows down. However, since the key negative effects of the progressive process of global warming include increasingly severe droughts, higher and higher temperatures during summer heat waves, acceleration of soil aridity, more frequent forest fires but also sometimes unusual weather anomalies, violent storms with torrential downpours causing flooding and sometimes problematic floods, so the implementation of the process of green transformation of the economy becomes a key element in the systemic protection of the biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems as well. In recent years, new ICT and Industry 4.0/5.0, including Internet of Things technologies, cloud computing, multi-criteria simulation models, digital twins, smart technologies, Big Data Analytics, Business Intelligence analytical and reporting systems, machine learning, deep learning, generative artificial intelligence, are being applied in improving techniques for monitoring the state of the planet's natural ecosystems and developing techniques for protecting the biodiversity of natural ecosystems.
I have described the key issues concerning the problem of green transformation of the economy in the following article:
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY
I invite you to discuss this important topic for the future of the planet's biosphere and climate.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
What role in protecting the biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems is played by the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals, the implementation of climate and environmental policies, the implementation of the process of green transformation of the economy, etc. to build a sustainable, zero-carbon, green closed-loop economy?
What role does the implementation of the green economy transformation process play in protecting the biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems?
What do you think about this topic?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best wishes,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.
In writing this text, I did not use other sources or automatic text generation systems.
Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz
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The unfolding global climate crisis is also an environmental crisis, as the ongoing process of global warming is a significant factor negatively affecting the planet's biosphere and is a source factor for the loss of biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems. The loss of biodiversity is caused by increasing periods of drought, a decrease in rainfall in many parts of the world, increasingly frequent forest fires and the increasing occurrence of various types of weather anomalies and climatic disasters. Therefore, research on the climate crisis should be conducted in parallel with the analysis of the loss of biodiversity caused by the aforementioned crisis. Besides, the measures taken to reduce the scale of action of the said negative processes, i.e., the various types of human efforts to protect the planet's climate and biosphere should also be planned and implemented taking into account a more holistic view of the said issues involving various interdependent, multifaceted issues of the planet's climate, biosphere and biodiversity.
I am conducting research on this issue. I have included the conclusions of my research in the following article:
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY
Please write what you think in this issue?
What is your opinion on this issue?
I invite you to scientific cooperation in this problematic.
Kind regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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"Dear Researchers,
I am currently working on a Nanotechnology project and am exploring the process of drafting a patent to protect our innovations. Could anyone here share insights or tips on how to effectively draft a patent in the Nanotechnology field? Specifically, I am interested in understanding key considerations for claims formulation and ensuring patentability. Your experiences and advice would be greatly appreciated!
Thank you in advance for your contributions."
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Call the professionals ... don't try it yourself!
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What heavy aggregates are available for protective concrete in your country?
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защищать от чего?
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Good evening colleagues, I'm looking for a thesis proposal on this topic.
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The circular economy is an economic model that aims to reduce waste and maximize the use of resources. It helps protect the environment in several ways:
1. Reduced resource extraction: In a circular economy, products are designed to be reused, repaired, and recycled, reducing the need for extracting new raw materials from the environment. This helps preserve natural resources and ecosystems.
2. Waste reduction: The circular economy minimizes waste by keeping products and materials in use for as long as possible through reuse, repair, remanufacturing, and recycling. This reduces the amount of waste sent to landfills and incinerators, which can harm the environment.
3. Energy efficiency: Circular economy practices often involve more energy-efficient production processes, such as using renewable energy sources and improving manufacturing efficiency. This reduces the environmental impact of energy consumption.
4. Pollution prevention: By closing material loops and avoiding the extraction of new resources, the circular economy helps prevent pollution associated with resource extraction, processing, and waste disposal.
5. Biodiversity protection: Reduced resource extraction and waste generation in a circular economy can help preserve natural habitats and protect biodiversity.
6. Greenhouse gas emissions reduction: Many circular economy activities, such as recycling and remanufacturing, have a lower carbon footprint compared to the production of new goods from virgin materials.
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Whats the best mehod for protecting amino groups in nucleoside compounds?
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Thank you for your response. I want to know Boc can be selective just for amine of nucleoside. I don't want to protect hydroxyl group.
and what a bout acetic anhydride? (because of easier removing compared Boc) can be more reactive for protecting amine in comparison alcohol?
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Patriotisme et Nationalisme économique
Le patriotisme économique promeut une politique industrielle qui sort du modèle classique et redéfinie les relations socio-économiques entre les nations, entre les entreprises, ainsi que les mutations des liens entre les États et le secteur privé (Eric Delbecque. Quel patriotisme économique). Il serait appréhendé par son caractère à la fois défensif et offensif.
Sans s’isoler, le patriotisme économique défensif revient à la défense des entreprises et produits nationaux face à la concurrence. Il est adossé sur la consommation prioritaire des produits et services locaux par les ménages, l’industrie et la commande publique. C’est une politique de défense des intérêts économiques locaux et un protectionnisme de préférence national ou communautaire.
L’approche offensive repose sur la préservation et le développement des atouts de compétitivité et de conquête des marchés. Ceci par la qualité de la production, la main-d'œuvre et le dynamisme des petites et moyennes entreprises. Le patriotisme économique aurait alors plusieurs dimensions. La dimension mercantiliste qui correspond aux mesures de protection et de soutien prises par l'État en faveur des industries nouvelles face à la concurrence étrangère. Ensuite, la dimension de protection des citoyens correspondant à une stratégie de sécurité économique et s'articuler autour du contrôle patriotique des investissements locaux et étrangers, la protection d'activités économiques jugées essentielles ou stratégiques, et la prise en compte de la nationalité des entreprises dans l’exécution des projets. Et enfin, la dimension éducative perçu dans une logique sociale et environnementale ou du développement durable. Cette dernière exige une exploitation des ressources locales respectueuse de l’environnement.
La substitution des importations par l’industrie locale serait également tributaire du nationalisme économique par une double approche collective et individuelle. L’approche collective répond à un ensemble de mesures et politiques qui mettent l’accent sur le contrôle interne de l’économie, du travail et de la formation du capital. Ce qui nécessite l’imposition des restrictions règlementaires et législatives. Au plan individuel, c’est le comportement des consommateurs, des entreprises et de l’État consistant à favoriser les biens, les produits et les services produit par les acteurs nationaux avec les moyens et matières locaux. Il s’agit alors de la promotion de l’excellence économique locale, pour la défense des nations dans la guerre économique imposé par la globalisation et le libre-échange.
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Patriotism is the love and loyalty for one's country, focusing on national identity and unity, expressed through symbols and support for national values. Economic nationalism, on the other hand, prioritizes domestic economic interests through protectionist policies like tariffs and subsidies, aiming for economic independence and supporting local industries. While patriotism embraces a broader cultural and political scope, economic nationalism is narrowly focused on economic policies that benefit the nation, sometimes at the expense of global integration. Both concepts share a desire to promote national interests but operate in different spheres—cultural and political for patriotism, economic for economic nationalism.
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In recent research area, what about of advanced techniques?
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To prevent that , several measures can be taken:
1-Use directional elements for ground fault and negative sequence protection to ensure the fault is internal to the generator zone.
2-Employ voltage supervision or voltage restraint for overcurrent elements.
3-Implement power swing blocking logic to prevent tripping during stable power swings.
4-Apply definite time or inverse time overexcitation (V/Hz) elements instead of instantaneous reset elements to provide better coordination and avoid overprotection.
*These are some of the measures that can be taken into consideration to avoid this issue.
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in transmission line differential protection this a big issue
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Misalignment mainly occurs due to differences in phase angle and ratio error of CTs used, as are cannot be identical but with proper compensation the error of leakage current could be minimized……
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explain
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Hi Mahmood,
Digital security and digital filters are related concepts but not exactly the same.
Digital safety refers to the use of digital technology to create electrical systems, equipment, networks or faults, malfunctions, or abnormal conditions such as overvoltage, overvoltage, power low, and other types of abnormal electrical protection : To prevent damage or Takes reasonable steps to ensure its safe operation, such as disconnecting circuit breakers or isolating faulty equipment
A digital filter, on the other hand, is a mathematical program or software used to process digital signals. It works on streams of digital data, such as audio samples or sensor readings, and manipulates the data in some way. Signal processing applications typically use a digital filter to eliminate noise, remove certain frequencies, or perform other desired operations on the signal
While digital protection systems may incorporate digital filters as part of their signal processing capabilities (e.g., to filter out noise or filter out specific frequency components), true digital protection encompasses a wider range of applications than just filtering and monitoring, decision making and control actions to ensure energy systems are safe and reliable.
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Drafting and filing a patent involves several steps to ensure that your invention is adequately protected and meets the requirements of the patent office. Here's an overview of the process:
  1. Conduct a Patent Search: Before drafting a patent application, conduct a comprehensive search to determine if your invention is novel and non-obvious. This involves searching existing patents, scientific literature, and other relevant sources to identify prior art.
  2. Document Your Invention: Document all aspects of your invention, including its concept, design, functionality, and any experimental data or prototypes. Thorough documentation is essential for accurately describing your invention in the patent application.
  3. Choose the Type of Patent: Decide whether to file for a utility patent, design patent, or plant patent, depending on the nature of your invention. Utility patents protect new and useful processes, machines, compositions of matter, or improvements thereof, while design patents protect ornamental designs, and plant patents protect new varieties of plants.
  4. Draft the Patent Application: Prepare a patent application that includes a detailed description of the invention, including its background, summary, detailed description, drawings (if applicable), and claims. The claims define the scope of protection sought for the invention and should be drafted carefully to cover the inventive concept without being too broad or too narrow.
  5. Review and Revise the Application: Review the draft application for accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Revise the application as needed to ensure that it fully and accurately describes the invention and meets the requirements of patent law.
  6. File the Patent Application: Submit the patent application to the appropriate patent office, such as the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) in the United States or the European Patent Office (EPO) in Europe. Pay the required filing fees and follow the filing procedures specified by the patent office.
  7. Examination Process: After filing, the patent office will conduct an examination of the application to assess its compliance with patent law and determine the patentability of the invention. This may involve reviewing the application for novelty, non-obviousness, utility, and adequacy of disclosure.
  8. Respond to Office Actions: If the patent office issues an office action identifying deficiencies or objections in the application, respond promptly and address the issues raised by the examiner. This may involve amending the claims, providing additional information or arguments, or conducting interviews with the examiner.
  9. Prosecution and Grant: Continue to work with the patent office during the prosecution process to address any further objections or rejections. If the application meets all requirements and the examiner is satisfied, the patent will be granted, and a patent certificate will be issued.
  10. Maintenance and Renewal: After the patent is granted, pay maintenance fees as required by the patent office to keep the patent in force. Depending on the jurisdiction, patents may need to be renewed periodically to maintain their validity.
  11. Enforcement and Licensing: Once the patent is granted, enforce your rights by taking legal action against infringers if necessary. You may also consider licensing your patent to others for commercialization or entering into partnerships with companies for product development and marketing.
By following these steps, inventors can navigate the patent drafting and filing process effectively and protect their inventions with a granted patent. Consulting with a qualified patent attorney or agent can also provide valuable guidance and assistance throughout the process.
To give reference
Singha, R. (2024).What are the steps in patent drafting and patent filing? Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_are_the_steps_in_patent_drafting_and_patent_filing
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This accurately describes the processes to go through but anyone thinking of getting a patent should FIRST consult a patent agent, rather than just an after-thought as described here.
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These scientists who are doing this experiment.
They know how to protect the seismic base from the fall of the experiment by placing iron protection scaffolding around the experiment, but they don't have the imagination to realize that this scaffolding can 100% protect the houses from the earthquake.
Instead of making structures with protective shafts and walls they make rocking walls
My proposal for seismic protection in the video.
1. This video design method involves a flexible structure with columns, and within or outside this flexible structure we place a lift shaft, or one or more independent rigid shear walls of reinforced concrete, with appropriately shaped plan sections and with prestressed ends connected to the ground. No large foundations or connecting beams are needed since the moments are taken up by the ground.
2. Independent columns and independent rigid walls mean that they all take their respective seismic loads.
3. We place horizontal seismic insulation at the base to prevent high accelerations.
4. We install strong damping tires to ensure smooth absorption of the impact between the diaphragms of the plates and the walls. This gap between two or more independent structures is increased in height per floor to ensure smooth natural oscillation, because if the gaps were the same, moments would be diverted to the base.
The difference in displacement and impact phase results from many factors of elasticity stiffness and height.
In this method, the displacements of the two independent structures cancel each other out due to the inter-impact and the inelastic deformation of the elastic structure with supports is prevented by the stiff shaft.
5. At their upper ends, the walls have hydraulic jacks connected to the prestressing tendons. When rigid elevator shafts tend to overturn due to displacement, the fluids in the hydraulic jacks heat up because they prevent deformation, converting the kinetic displacement force into heat, creating a smooth elastic seismic damping.
6. The deflection of seismic forces to the ground and the high stiffness of the walls and the bearing capacity of the foundation soil is given and is due to the pre-stressing and connection of the ends of the walls to the ground.
7. This design allows for plenty of light and great visibility.
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Dear
Samy Elhadi Oussadou
Correct They cannot understand that the protection offered to the seismic base by scaffolding embedded in the seismic base could be the solution to controlling inelastic displacements.
I will add another innovation to the video
The impact between the two independent bodies in the experiment on damping tires, mutually canceling the displacements
Translated with DeepL.com (free version)
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I am writing articles on Electrical and Protection Automation, IoT and Artificial Intelligence, I am looking like minded people who can be a co-author with me.
Thanks and Regards,
Madhu
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great...I have some ideas on how the AI technology help simplifying Automation and control systems process and predict the maintenance and unknown defects. lets work together how we could bring this idea in to paper.
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How can you protect yourself from social engineering attacks?
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Be wary of unsolicited requests for personal or sensitive information, and always verify the identity and legitimacy of the source before providing any confidential details.
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Greetings,
I invite you to participate in a research study aimed at exploring the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on education, focusing specifically on its effects on staff roles, skill requirements, and time management. Your insights are crucial for understanding the broader implications of AI adoption in Education
Research Objective
The objective of this qualitative research is to explore the perceptions and experiences of educational staff regarding the adoption of AI in education. Specifically, it aims to understand how AI technologies influence staff roles, skills development, training needs, and time management, and how these changes affect the overall quality of education.
Privacy Statement
We are committed to protecting your privacy and confidentiality. All information shared during the interview will be anonymized, and any identifiable information will be kept strictly confidential. Participation is voluntary, and you may withdraw at any time without consequence.
Meeting
Please book your slot for an online meeting.
Best Regards,
Tarek ElMourad
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here is the updated link:
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In our cell culture lab, the incubator has a problem with making CO2, and all our cells are in there. Do you have any idea to make CO2 in the incubator or any idea about protecting our cells while we fix our incubator.
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Thanks for your answer
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I'm exploring the application of the Protection Motivation Theory in the context of traffic behavior.
Are there any recommended books or documents that delve into this theory and provide insights on designing questionnaires specifically for it?
Similar to how the book "Predicting and Changing Behavior" by Fishbein and Ajzen offers questionnaire design guidance for the Theory of Planned Behavior, I'm looking for a resource that has a comparable approach to the Protection Motivation Theory. Thank you!
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Sorry for the response after a long time, I don't use Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) in my research. But in the past, I also wanted to consider whether it is possible to combine and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Some papers I have referred to are:
- Factors affecting perceived effectiveness of COVID-19 prevention measures among Filipinos during Enhanced Community Quarantine in Luzon, Philippines: Integrating Protection Motivation Theory and extended Theory of Planned Behavior - 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.074
- Travellers' self-protections against health risks: An application of
the full Protection Motivation Theory - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2019.102743
- Analysis of the environmental behavior of farmers for non-point source pollution control and management: An integration of the theory of planned behavior and the protection motivation theory - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.070
- A Protection Motivation Theory of Fear Appeals and Attitude Change1 - https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1975.9915803
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In what aspects, carried out through the implementation of the principles of sustainable, green closed-loop economics, does climate protection connect with the protection of the biosphere and biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems?
In what aspects does the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the implementation of the principles of green closed-loop economics and pro-environmental sustainable economic development and thus carried out for the needs of future generations of people, climate protection combines with the protection of the biosphere and biodiversity of the natural ecosystems of the planet?
In my opinion, climate protection combines with the protection of the biosphere and the biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems in many ways. Many issues of climate protection also affect the issue of the biosphere and biodiversity of the natural ecosystems of the planet. On the other hand, by taking care of the state of nature, protecting the natural environment, strengthening systems for protecting the biosphere, and improving solutions for protecting the biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems, we also contribute to protecting the planet's climate. Many issues in the aforementioned issues of protecting the planet's climate, biosphere and biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems are interrelated. For example, increasing the scale of reforestation, restoration of natural ecosystems, restoration of biodiverse forest ecosystems both constitute an important element in the protection of nature, the biosphere and biodiversity of flora and fauna but are also an important element in the protection of the climate, both the microclimate locally and the climate globally. In recent times, the change in trends occurring in many urban areas from the ubiquitous years ago so-called concretization, that is, the removal of green areas, the creation of wide sidewalks, concrete squares, asphalt surfaces, etc. to greening, creation of new city parks, reduction of concretes, reduction of areas covered with concrete and asphalt, creation of additional green areas, lawns, flower meadows, pocket parks, etc. is also an important element of pro-climate and at the same time pro-environmental, sustainable economic development and a feature of a modern city developing in accordance with the green smart city concept. Also, the replacement of unsustainable, implemented according to the formula of intensive, production agriculture with sustainable organic agriculture at the same time fits into the pro-environmental and pro-climate policy. Conservation of water resources, implementation of water efficiency systems, creation of rainwater catchment facilities for use in agriculture and irrigation of parks and home gardens is also an important element of sustainable development, green closed-loop economics and protection of both the biosphere and the planet's climate. Also, the creation of new landscape parks, conservation areas, natural national parks is an important element in the protection of the biosphere, biodiversity and the planet's climate.
Key aspects of the negative effects of the ongoing process of global warming and the associated necessary acceleration of the processes of green transformation of the economy in order to decarbonize the economy, slow down the process of global warming, protect the climate, biosphere and biodiversity of natural ecosystems of the planet I described in the article:
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
In what aspects does the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the implementation of the principles of the green circular economy and pro-environmental sustainable economic development, and thus carried out for the needs of future generations of people, climate protection is combined with the protection of the biosphere and biodiversity of the natural ecosystems of the planet?
In what aspects, carried out through the implementation of the principles of sustainable, green closed-loop economics, does climate protection connect with the protection of the biosphere and biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems?
How does climate protection connect with the protection of the biosphere and biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems?
What do you think about this topic?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.
In writing this text, I did not use other sources or automatic text generation systems.
Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Dear Prof. Prokopowicz!
You raised an excellent but difficult problem to address. I did my best to find a case study on this matter. The one below represents the strategy of Sweden:
Felton, A., Belyazid, S., Eggers, J. et al. Climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies for production forests: Trade-offs, synergies, and uncertainties in biodiversity and ecosystem services delivery in Northern Europe. Ambio 53, 1–16 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-023-01909-1, Open access:
Yours sincerely, Bulcsu Szekely
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Does ResearchGate protect against unauthorized access and theft of our research or articles by others? If so, what procedures are in place to prevent or recover our work from others?
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ResearchGate offers a convenient platform for sharing research, but it's crucial to be aware of its limitations regarding data security and potential unauthorized access.
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War with palestine terrorists not with normal mass 🕉✝️☪️👍🙏
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1. Limited budget
2. the data being protected does not contain highly sensitive
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TLDR: While technically feasible to have IDS/IPS without a firewall, it's not advisable.
If budget is a concern, open-source tools like Snort, Suricata, Wazuh, and OSSEC are viable options. For a hardware appliance solution, consider vendors utilizing open-source solutions like pfSense, a free firewall compatible with IDS and IPS add-ons.
This setup should suffice considering your threat model.
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pursuing phd on geospatial data security.suggest good paper on robust invisible blind watermarking for copyright protection
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Here are some recommended research papers on geospatial data security:
  1. "Secure and Privacy-Preserving Geospatial Data Collection and Querying: A Survey" by R. Lu, X. Liu, and J. Shao. This paper provides an overview of secure and privacy-preserving techniques for geospatial data collection and querying.
  2. "Geospatial Data Security and Privacy: Challenges and Opportunities" by S. Wang, Y. Zhang, and L. Zhang. This paper discusses the challenges and opportunities in ensuring security and privacy for geospatial data.
  3. "Secure Geospatial Data Sharing in Cloud Computing" by W. Wang, J. Liu, and K. Ren. This paper explores secure methods for sharing geospatial data in cloud computing environments.
  4. "Location Privacy in Geospatial Data Publishing" by M. Gruteser and D. Grunwald. This paper focuses on preserving location privacy when publishing geospatial data.
  5. "A Survey of Geospatial Data Security Techniques" by A. Alabdulkareem and S. Al-Muhtadi. This survey paper provides an overview of various security techniques for protecting geospatial data.
These papers cover a range of topics related to geospatial data security, including privacy-preserving techniques, secure data sharing, and location privacy. They can serve as a valuable resource for understanding the challenges and solutions in securing geospatial data.
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LAH is probably out of the question so maybe H2/Pd could work. But the nitrile would be stabilized due to resonance from the aromatic ring so I do not know if this will work. Of course, we could protect the OH group but we wanted to avoid additional steps.
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Catalytic hydrogenation should work. For several examples with the conditions used and the yields obtained, see the review by Lu et al. (2021). J. of Catalysis 404 (2021), 475-492 "Recent advances in selective catalytic hydrogenation of nitriles to primary amines". Results for the hydrogenation of nitriles containing hydroxyl groups can be seen on page 486, Scheme 5 of the review cited above.
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Call for Chapters: IRB, Human Research Protections, and Data Ethics for Researchers
Proposals Submission Deadline: February 25, 2024
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If you need more time to submit, please do not hesitate to message me!
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I know that most wood degrading fungi have developed a certain resistance and protection mechanism against H2O2 and its radicals, but does someone know the MOST resistant fungus and maybe also the mechanisms by which it gets such a high resistance?!
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The ,most resistant likely would be the black fungi.
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Sustainable tourism is influenced by several key factors that play a significant role in shaping its practices and outcomes. Understanding these factors is important for destinations, stakeholders, and policymakers to develop and implement effective strategies for sustainable tourism. Here are some of the influential factors:
  1. Environmental Conservation: Environmental conservation is a fundamental factor in sustainable tourism. It involves preserving natural resources, protecting ecosystems, and minimizing the negative impact of tourism activities on the environment. This includes practices such as reducing carbon emissions, minimizing pollution and waste, promoting sustainable resource management, and protecting biodiversity.
  2. Social Responsibility: Social responsibility emphasizes respecting and benefiting local communities, their cultures, and traditions. Sustainable tourism aims to involve and empower local communities in decision-making processes, provide socio-economic benefits, and support local businesses. It also promotes cultural preservation, encourages fair trade, and respects the rights and well-being of local residents.
  3. Economic Viability: Economic viability is crucial for sustainable tourism. It involves contributing to the local economy, creating employment opportunities, and supporting local businesses. Sustainable tourism aims to stimulate economic growth and development by encouraging tourists to spend money on local products and services. This includes promoting local handicrafts, cultural experiences, and supporting sustainable tourism certifications.
  4. Education and Awareness: Education and awareness play a vital role in promoting sustainable tourism. By increasing understanding and appreciation of the environment, culture, and heritage, tourists can make informed decisions and engage in responsible travel behavior. Educational programs and awareness campaigns can highlight sustainability practices, conservation efforts, and the importance of respecting local customs and traditions.
  5. Visitor Satisfaction: Visitor satisfaction is an important factor in sustainable tourism. It involves providing quality experiences for tourists while minimizing negative impacts. Sustainable tourism aims to create memorable and authentic experiences that respect the environment and local communities. By meeting visitors' expectations and fostering a sense of responsibility and respect, destinations can ensure positive experiences for both tourists and local residents.
  6. Government Policy: Government policies and regulations significantly influence sustainable tourism. Governments can enact laws and regulations that promote environmentally and socially responsible tourism practices. This includes regulating waste management, protecting natural resources, implementing land-use planning, and providing financial incentives for sustainable tourism initiatives. Government policy can create an enabling environment for sustainable tourism and ensure the long-term success of conservation and community development efforts.
  7. Stakeholder Collaboration: Collaboration between different stakeholders, including tourism operators, local communities, environmental organizations, and indigenous groups, is essential for sustainable tourism. By involving all parties in decision-making processes, planning, and implementation, destinations can ensure that the needs and concerns of all stakeholders are considered. This collaboration fosters cooperation, knowledge-sharing, and the development of innovative solutions for sustainable tourism.
In conclusion, sustainable tourism is influenced by various factors that encompass environmental, social, economic, and policy dimensions. Successful sustainable tourism requires a holistic approach that integrates these factors to create a balance between preserving natural and cultural assets, promoting socio-economic development, and providing quality experiences for tourists. By considering these influential factors, destinations and stakeholders can work together to ensure the long-term viability and positive impact of sustainable tourism.
From point of view:
What are some best practices for promoting environmental conservation in sustainable tourism?
How can local communities be actively involved and benefited in sustainable tourism initiatives?
What role does certification and accreditation play in promoting economic viability in sustainable tourism?
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Sustainable tourism is influenced by various factors that encompass environmental, social, and economic aspects. Understanding these factors is vital for promoting the long-term viability of tourism destinations.
Environmental Factors
Environmental factors influencing sustainable tourism include:
  • Climate and Weather: Impact the type of experiences offered by destinations.
  • Natural Disasters: Such as tropical storms and earthquakes, which can dampen tourism demand in affected areas.
  • Scenic Beauty and Green Spaces: Play a crucial role in shaping tourism demand.
  • Interconnectivity of Ecosystems: Influences the overall sustainability of tourist destinations.
Social Factors
Social factors influencing sustainable tourism encompass:
  • Social Change within the Local Community: Affects the dynamics and receptivity toward tourism.
  • Cultural Diversification and Local Modernization: Influence the sustainability of local culture.
  • Threat to Local Culture: Due to the presence of tourists.
  • Pollution Caused by Tourists: Impacts the local environment and can detrimentally affect sustainability.
Additionally, sustainable tourism has a positive impact on the development of the local economy, increasing the number of jobs and enhancing the quality of businesses, local culture, and knowledge.
Economic Factors
Economic factors influencing sustainable tourism include:
  • Higher Incomes: Linked to increased travel.
  • Transport Costs and Relative Price Levels between Countries: Affect travel accessibility.
  • Exchange Rates: Play a role in cross-border shopping and shopping tourism.
  • Marketing: Influences tourism demand, albeit to a lesser extent than other economic factors.
By comprehensively considering and addressing these environmental, social, and economic factors, destinations and tourism stakeholders can work towards the advancement of sustainable tourism practices, benefitting not only the industry but also local communities and the environment.
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How can new technologies including Big Data Analytics, artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies Industry 4.0/5.0 help restore biodiverse natural forest ecosystems?
The restoration of biodiverse natural forest ecosystems in civilization-degraded areas, post-industrial areas, post-mining spoil heap areas, post-agricultural areas characterized by permanent drought and depleted soil, areas increasingly exposed to the negative effects of climate change, including global warming, etc., is one of several key elements of restoration. is one of several key elements in the reclamation of the natural environment, and thus also one of the main factors in the green transformation of the economy, building a sustainable closed-loop economy, achieving the goals of sustainable development, protecting the planet's biosphere, biodiversity and climate. The technological advances taking place should help smoothly carry out the green transformation of the economy, protecting nature, biodiversity and the planet's climate. Accordingly, new technologies, including Big Data Analytics, artificial intelligence and other Industry 4.0/5.0 technologies, should be used in the restoration of biodiverse natural forest ecosystems. However, the aforementioned new technologies, including Big Data Analytics technology, artificial intelligence and other Industry 4.0/5.0 technologies, especially when they are used in large computerized data centers then consume large amounts of energy. Therefore, in order for the process of using new technologies, including Big Data Analytics, artificial intelligence and other technologies that consume large amounts of energy when they are used in large data centers to fit in with the trend of green transformation of the economy and the realization of sustainable development goals, they should be powered by electricity generated from renewable and zero-carbon energy sources.
I described the key issues of opportunities and threats to the development of artificial intelligence technology in my article below:
OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS AND THE NEED FOR NORMATIVE REGULATION OF THIS DEVELOPMENT
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
How can new technologies including Big Data Analytics, artificial intelligence and other Industry 4.0/5.0 technologies help in the restoration of biodiverse natural forest ecosystems?
How can new technologies including artificial intelligence and other new technologies help restore biodiverse natural forest ecosystems?
What do you think on this topic?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.
In writing this text I did not use other sources or automatic text generation systems.
Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz
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New technologies like Big Data Analytics and AI can aid in monitoring and managing natural forest ecosystems. They enable real-time data collection, analysis, and predictive modeling, helping to identify patterns, assess biodiversity, and detect potential threats such as deforestation or invasive species. By leveraging these technologies, conservation efforts can become more proactive and effective in restoring and preserving biodiverse natural forest ecosystems.
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We have collected 5 articles on Cultural Heritage Protection. Hope these articles are useful to you.
1.The development process and future trend of China plan for protecting and managing world cultural heritage
2.Linear Cultural Heritage Conservation and Tourism Development: Influencing Factors for the Community Involvement
3.A Preliminary Study of Cultural Heritage Protection against the Background of Territorial Space Planning
4.A Study on Developing a Protection System for Zeng State Cultural Heritage Sites along Suizao Corridor from the Perspective of Cultural Route
5.Multiple Values and Digital Protection of the Yellow River Harnessing Cultural Heritage
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Hi Andres
It would help if you were a bit more specific, there are a number of themes in academic literature concerning cultural heritage protection including papers on:
1. evaluating the success of cultural heritage protection legislation
2. the impact of tourism on cultural heritage protection
3. management of cultural heritage sites
4. philosophical underpinnings of cultural heritage protection
I would suggest looking at the UNESCO and ICOMOS websites for further information:
https://www.unesco.org and https:/www.icomos.org
Then use Google Scholar with a search tag like "cultural heritage protection" and ("insert the theme you are interested in"). Journals like Heritage Science, and the International Journal of Heritage Studies, will also give you relevant articles.
The term cultural heritage, can be applied to both archaeological sites and also more intangible cultural heritage like traditions, languages, dance, customs, rituals etc. So, it is important to understand whether you are talking about tangible or intangible heritage, or both?
Regards
Sherrie
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I attached a report about the DNA Protection test can you help me explain it and define if samples have DNA protection to damage effect? are samples have good properties for oxidation or not?
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The term "DNA protection effect" typically refers to the ability of certain compounds or substances to protect DNA from damage caused by various external factors. DNA, the genetic material in cells, can be vulnerable to damage from environmental factors, radiation, chemicals, and other stressors. Several compounds, including antioxidants and certain natural substances, have been studied for their potential to provide a protective effect on DNA. Here's a more detailed explanation:
  1. Antioxidant Activity:Many compounds with antioxidant properties are known to have a DNA protection effect. Antioxidants neutralize harmful molecules called free radicals, which can cause oxidative stress and damage DNA. By scavenging free radicals, antioxidants help prevent DNA strand breaks and other forms of damage.
  2. Reduction of Oxidative Stress:Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the body's ability to neutralize them. Excessive oxidative stress can lead to DNA damage. Compounds that reduce oxidative stress contribute to the DNA protection effect by maintaining a balance between free radicals and antioxidants.
  3. Repair Mechanisms:Some substances may enhance the DNA repair mechanisms within cells. DNA repair processes are crucial for fixing damaged DNA strands. Compounds that support or stimulate these repair mechanisms can be considered to have a DNA protection effect.
  4. Anti-Inflammatory Properties:Chronic inflammation can contribute to DNA damage. Compounds with anti-inflammatory properties may indirectly contribute to DNA protection by reducing inflammation and associated oxidative stress.
  5. Natural Substances:Certain natural substances found in fruits, vegetables, and herbs have been studied for their potential DNA protective effects. For example, polyphenols, found in green tea, red wine, and various fruits, have antioxidant properties that may contribute to DNA protection.
  6. Radioprotective Agents:In the context of exposure to ionizing radiation, substances with radioprotective properties are studied for their ability to protect DNA from radiation-induced damage. These agents may scavenge free radicals generated by radiation or enhance DNA repair processes.
  7. Environmental Protection:Some studies focus on substances that may protect DNA from damage caused by environmental pollutants, toxins, or carcinogens. Understanding how certain compounds interact with and mitigate the effects of these harmful substances contributes to the concept of DNA protection.
It's important to note that while the term "DNA protection effect" is commonly used in scientific literature, the specific mechanisms and compounds involved can vary. Research in this field is ongoing, and scientists continue to explore new substances and mechanisms that may contribute to DNA protection. Additionally, it's crucial to approach health-related claims with caution and to rely on evidence-based scientific research.
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The spaces we live in impacts on our everyday life. Like it protects us from outside weather condition, gives us protection in various conditions, connect us to nature and so on. A space can gives us feeling of serenity while in some cases it can increase tension and stress too. spaces impacts on our mental and physical health. So while having a Vulnerable mental and physical state due to the horrific experience, disfiguration and so on, how a burn survivor will receive the impact of the built environment of the spaces they reside in throughout their recovery process? what are the factors in built environment that can fasten or slow down the recovery process?
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The built environment plays a crucial role in the recovery process during the post-burn rehabilitation phase. The impact is not only physical but also psychological and social. Here are several ways in which the built environment can influence the recovery process after burn injuries
  1. Accessibility and Mobility:Designing spaces with accessibility in mind helps individuals with mobility challenges navigate their surroundings more easily. This includes ramps, elevators, wider doorways, and other features that enable independence.
  2. Adaptive Living Spaces:The design of living spaces should take into account the unique needs of individuals recovering from burn injuries. This may involve creating adaptive spaces that accommodate assistive devices and provide ease of movement.
  3. Thermal Comfort and Control:Individuals recovering from burn injuries may have specific requirements regarding temperature control and thermal comfort. Designing environments with adjustable heating and cooling systems allows occupants to customize their surroundings.
  4. Lighting Design:Appropriate lighting design is crucial for individuals with burn injuries, as some may be sensitive to bright lights. Providing adjustable lighting options and natural light can enhance comfort and well-being.
  5. Healing Gardens and Outdoor Spaces:Incorporating healing gardens and outdoor spaces can have therapeutic benefits. Nature has been shown to have a positive impact on mental health, and outdoor spaces can provide a peaceful environment for relaxation and recovery.
  6. Privacy and Dignity:Designing spaces that respect privacy and dignity is essential for individuals going through the rehabilitation phase. Ensuring private spaces for personal care, as well as communal areas for social interaction, contributes to a balanced environment.
  7. Psychosocial Support Spaces:Including spaces for support groups, counseling, and other psychosocial activities is important. Burn survivors often benefit from sharing experiences and emotions with others who have gone through similar situations.
  8. Inclusive Design:Implementing principles of universal or inclusive design ensures that the built environment is accessible to individuals with diverse abilities and needs. This includes considering the needs of those using mobility aids, such as wheelchairs.
  9. Rehabilitation Facilities:Well-designed rehabilitation facilities with specialized equipment and spaces for physical therapy and occupational therapy contribute to a more effective recovery process.
  10. Technology Integration:Integrating assistive technologies and smart home features into the built environment can enhance independence for individuals with burn injuries. This includes voice-activated controls, smart home automation, and other technologies.
  11. Community Integration:Fostering community integration is crucial for social well-being. Designing public spaces that are welcoming and accessible contributes to the individual's sense of belonging.
  12. Resilient and Sustainable Design:Designing buildings and communities with resilience to natural disasters and sustainable features contributes to long-term well-being and community recovery.
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How can highly biodiverse forest ecosystems be restored in logged areas, post-industrial areas, degraded natural environments?
How can highly biodiverse, floristically and faunistically multi-species forest ecosystems be effectively restored in areas affected by logging carried out as part of predatory pseudo-forest management?
In order to save the climate, biosphere and biodiversity of natural ecosystems for future generations of people, it is necessary to significantly accelerate and increase the scale of implementation of the green economy transformation process. Given the large scale of degradation of the biosphere, loss of biodiversity and climate change that has occurred so far, so one of the most important challenges for humanity in the 21st century is to protect the earth's biosphere and natural biodiversity. One of the natural ecosystems characterized by high biodiversity is the tropical rainforests of the subtropical zone. The area of these forests is decreasing year by year. Thus, planet Earth is becoming poorer in terms of biodiversity, including the many unique species of flora and fauna that live in these forest formations. Besides, other climate zones also have significant forest resources that absorb CO2, i.e. one of the main greenhouse gases. Unfortunately, the importance of forests, including natural biodiverse forest ecosystems for maintaining natural and climatic balance, in terms of absorbing cCO2 from the atmosphere, etc. is still underestimated in many countries. Still many countries' policies are primarily influenced by business, which counts on quick profit and does not care about the state of the environment, the state of the biosphere, biodiversity and the planet's climate. As a result, still in many countries, instead of developing programs for reforestation of post-industrial, civilization-degraded areas, instead of restoration of damaged natural environments, instead of restoration of green areas on areas of soil exhausted by the use of intensive agriculture carried out in the model of industrial production of agricultural crops, etc., it is cutting down more areas of forest. The ongoing deforestation on planet Earth is one of the most serious problems of environmental policy. Thus, the magnitude of negative climate change is increasing and the planet's natural biodiversity is rapidly decreasing, as well as nature's ability to absorb CO2, the production of oxygen to the atmosphere is decreasing. In view of the above, in order to counteract the adverse effects of climate change, including the increasingly rapid process of global warming, it is necessary to increase investment and development of afforestation programs, increase areas of green space and expand the protection of natural forest ecosystems. The impact of forest trees is particularly important as one of the important factors in counteracting adverse climate change and counteracting the increasingly rapid process of global warming. It is therefore necessary to increase forest areas. The most naturally and ecologically effective forest ecosystems are restored according to the formula of restoring these ecosystems in such a way that they are as close as possible in species composition of flora and fauna to their natural counterparts, i.e. natural forest ecosystems that in a given area and/or climate zone occur in their original state or that in a given area in the past occurred before they were cut down during the development of civilization.
In this connection, it is necessary to develop afforestation programs for civilization-degraded areas and green areas also in areas of urban agglomerations. In this connection, it is also necessary to increase investment and development of afforestation programs within the framework of national environmental policies. Within the framework of these programs, it is also necessary to increase the scope of protection of natural forest ecosystems.
On the importance of the above issues, including the importance of afforestation as an essential element in carrying out a green transformation of the economy and saving the planet's biosphere and climate, I have included the following article and several others of my articles available on my Research Gate portal profile:
I invite you to discuss this important topic for the future of the biosphere and climate of the planet.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
How can highly biodiverse, floristically and faunistically multispecies forest ecosystems be effectively restored in areas affected by logging carried out as part of predatory pseudo forest management?
How can highly biodiverse forest ecosystems be restored in logged areas, post-industrial areas, degraded natural environments?
How can highly biodiverse forest ecosystems be restored in logged areas?
And what is your opinion about it?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.
In writing this text I did not use other sources or automatic text generation systems.
Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz
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One of the least controversial and most effective measures is to leave abundant coarse woody debris on the logged site, and to leave all non- merchantable stems standing. If fire hazard or wildlife mobility is a concern, the debris can be left in "clumps" with fire breaks between.
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In your opinion, are so-called "carbon credits" consisting of some corporation taking a specific patch of natural forest cover, including, for example, a patch of natural Amazon Rainforest, for an additional ton of CO2 emissions, an effective instrument for real reduction of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere?
To consider the question of the role of so-called "carbon credits" in the context of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, one would have to assume that such a system actually reliably works. However, from what is reported by independent journalists, environmentalists, people who care about protecting the climate, biosphere and biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems, including the forests of the Amazon, even those declared patches of natural Amazon Rainforest taken for protection under the so-called carbon credits are nevertheless often cut down.
Perhaps something will finally begin to change, to improve, in terms of protecting the climate, biosphere and biodiversity of the natural ecosystems of the Amazon Rainforest in connection with the first Amazon Forest Conservation Summit in 14 years, currently being held in Belém, Brazil. Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon fell by 60 percent in July compared to the same month last year. The announcement of the positive trend coincides with the start of a summit in Belém of the 8 countries whose territories include the Amazon forest. This summit is attended by representatives of the governments of the 8 countries whose territory includes the natural Amazon Forest. Perhaps plans and commitments will be made to realistically protect this largest terrestrial reservoir of natural biodiversity and natural forests characterized by a particularly high contribution to absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere and producing oxygen. It may also be that the processes of increasing the scale of protection of these forests and reducing their still large-scale logging will be accelerated so that by 2030 at the latest, the deforestation of these forests will be completely ended. This is a particularly important issue because more than 20 percent of the Amazon rainforest has already disappeared due to human activity.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
In your opinion, are the so-called carbon credits, which consist in the fact that some corporation, for an additional ton of CO2 emissions, will take under protection a certain patch of natural forest cover, including, for example, a patch of natural Amazon Rainforest, an effective instrument for real reduction of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere?
Are so-called carbon credits an effective instrument to realistically reduce CO2 emissions into the atmosphere?
What do you think about this topic?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
Counting on your opinions, on getting to know your personal opinion, on a fair approach to the discussion of scientific issues, I deliberately used the phrase "in your opinion" in the question.
The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.
In writing this text I did not use other sources or automatic text generation systems.
Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz
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The description of Complex Multivariable Dynamic Systems using Two-by-Two (or more) Isolate Parameters' Correlations can only be Incomplete; so that it can't produce irrefutable scientific assertions. In this regard, The well-known (1535 citations) old paper [1] by Trenberth (1990) shows that climate analyses can be compromised by measurement, data coverage, or analysis uncertainties. One may read within the text "...Most presentations of climate change focus on the surface variables of importance to man, in particular temperature and precipitation. But in order to understand why the changes occur the way they do, it is essential to consider the atmospheric dynamics, as well as the local physical processes operating to induce change. The atmospheric circulation forms the main link between regional changes in wind, temperature, precipitation, and other climatic variables, and there is likely to be a reasonably strong relationship between these even on monthly or longer time scales. Physical and dynamical consistency between changes of several climate variables can add confidence to results for a single variable which might otherwise be compromised by measurement, data coverage, or analysis uncertainties..."
[1] Trenberth, K. E. (1990). Recent observed interdecadal climate changes in the Northern Hemisphere. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 71(7), 988-993.
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I am confused regarding protection of virus by wearing mask. The mask which is hurdle of inhaling of oxygen also. how we protect our selves from virus ?
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The size of coronavirus particles, specifically those of SARS-CoV-2 which causes COVID-19, is typically in the range of approximately 60 to 140 nanometers (nm) in diameter. To understand how masks can be effective against these tiny particles, it's important to consider the nature of both the virus and the masks.
  1. Virus Transmission: The coronavirus is primarily spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, or breathes. These droplets are much larger than the virus particles themselves, often in the range of 5 to 10 micrometers (µm) or larger. Masks are effective at capturing these larger droplets.
  2. Filtration Mechanism of Masks: Masks, especially those designed for medical use like N95 respirators, are made to trap particles much smaller than the eye can see. They do not work like a simple sieve, where only particles larger than the holes get trapped. Instead, masks use multiple layers of material and employ mechanisms like diffusion, interception, and impaction to capture particles. These mechanisms are effective at trapping particles that are both larger and smaller than the pores of the mask material.
  3. Oxygen Molecules: The size of an oxygen molecule is much smaller than a coronavirus particle, measuring about 0.3 nm. Despite their small size, oxygen molecules can pass through mask materials because the filtration process of masks is not intended to block individual gas molecules, which move differently and are far smaller than infectious agents like viruses.
  4. Effectiveness of Different Types of Masks: While N95 respirators offer a high level of protection when properly fitted, surgical masks and cloth face coverings are also effective to varying degrees. These masks primarily reduce the transmission of virus-laden droplets from the wearer to others and also offer protection to the wearer from incoming droplets.
In summary, masks are effective in reducing the spread of COVID-19 because they are designed to filter out respiratory droplets, which are much larger than individual virus particles and are the primary vehicle for virus transmission. They allow for the passage of oxygen and carbon dioxide, ensuring that wearing a mask does not impede normal breathing.
l Reviewing the protocols listed here may offer further guidance in addressing this issue.
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Between the constitutional guarantees for the protection of human rights?
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What constitutional guarantees? In theory, OK. But in practice...
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The attached Figure shows the Dry-type distribution transformer equipped for winding varistors (red highlight) and traditional surge arresters (red dotted highlight)
Query: What are the detail schematics of the proprietary arrangement of the ABB for transient voltage protection of transformer windings using varistors ?
ABB Review dated 24 Aug 2020
ABB’s Transient Voltage Protection™ (TVP™) for distribution transformers places varistors strategically along the windings of the transformer in proprietary arrangements to limit transient overvoltages from reignitions that may occur inside of the breaker as well as from any amplified voltages from harmonic resonance inside the transformer.
References:
The attached Figure shows the Schematic drawing of installation of RC snubbers at the transformer high voltage terminals
RC snubbers with internal resistors were used in the testing. A resistance of 30 Ω and a capacitance of 130 nF were used since these are standard values.
Using an inductive load of about half the rated power of the transformer, it was difficult to find a phase angle where reignitions occurred. A conclusion from this is that indeed the RC snubber does reduce the risk of occurrence of reignitions.
Further, in the cases where reignitions did occur, the number of them was low and in many cases no high over voltages were observed. However, in some cases virtual current chopping did occur and in this case very high voltages were generated.
Further on, increasing the load to the rated load of the transformer increased the risk of reignitions and reignitions followed by virtual current chopping.
Please continue reading here: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7349213
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Whenever you are available for zoom meeting, I will explain you the paper (https://sci-hub.se/https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7349213) in details which might help us in our collaborative analysis of the proprietary ABB TVP using varistors.
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In the context of the human-induced accelerating process of global warming, the increasing scale of environmental degradation, the extinction of many species of flora and fauna, the decline in the biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems, people are increasingly asking themselves: where do you think each of us can start in terms of protecting the climate, nature and biodiversity of the planet?
A key premise for formulating such questions is the adage that a drop beats a rock. Often, when we wonder whether to choose a bicycle instead of an internal combustion car as a means of transportation in a situation of driving to a nearby store, the answer appears that, after all, with this one gesture, this action performed only by us in a situation where many other people, including neighbors, friends, etc. do not do it, we ourselves will not save the climate and the biosphere. But, after all, this is what many people think. And each individual, if this thinking would change and replace the car with a bicycle then one drop will turn into thousands and then into millions of drops, into rain, into a river and large-scale changes will be realized. The same applies, for example, to the issue of segregating waste, to the use of pesticides in the home garden, to the creation of a flower meadow instead of mowing the lawn, to changing consumption habits to more prudent and sustainable ones, on the reuse of used products and recyclables in the sharing economy, etc. Of course, green financial subsidies, regulatory change are key instruments to motivate this kind of change, to systemically address the issue of smoothly carrying out the green transformation of the economy to build a sustainable, zero-carbon, green closed-loop economy. However, the adage that a drop drills the scale is valid. In this regard, it is particularly important to change the consciousness and mentality of individual people individually and, at the same time, of many people in society.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
In the context of the human-induced accelerating process of global warming, the increasing scale of environmental degradation, the extinction of many species of flora and fauna, the decline in the biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems, people are increasingly asking themselves: what do you think each of us can start with in terms of protecting the climate, nature and biodiversity of the planet?
Where do you think each of us can start in terms of protecting the climate, nature and biodiversity of the planet?
And what is your opinion about it?
What is your opinion on this topic?
Please answer,
I invite you all to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Warm regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Climate as crisis
"This history of climate-based advertising puts into stark relief the challenges faced by California and Florida in the era of climate crisis.
Today, both confront recurring natural disasters that are exacerbated by human-caused climate change: wildfires in California, hurricanes and flooding in Florida, and increasingly dangerous heat in both.
Extensive home-building in wildfire and coastal zones has compounded these risks, with insurance companies now refusing coverage for properties at risk of fires or storm damage, or making it prohibitively expensive.
Once marketed successfully as the United States’ two semitropical paradises, Southern California and Florida now share disturbing climate-influenced futures.
These futures bring into question how historic visions of economic growth and the sun-kissed good life that California and Florida have promised can be reconciled with climates that are no longer always genial or sustainable..."
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Clear and Tinted packaging of cosmetics ,medicine and even oils used in cooking are susceptible to photo-oxidative degradation of the contents. Even food that contains lipids and fatty acids and oils will go rancid on store shelves. Fluorescent, Sodium Vapor Lamps and even incandescant lighting all adversely affect life cycles. However, commercial fortification has been limited by packaging thickness, processing guidelines, clarity, discoloration, migration, blooming of the fortification over time into the packaging called leaching. With the recent developments in the last ten years in the field of Spectral Enhacer, Plasmonics, Supramolecular and Molecular Imprint technology you would think corporate ameria would be interested in a solution. Today the pre occupation is the adverse effects of blue and indigo light not wavelength below 400 nm like int he past.
To achieve blue light protection and maintain clarity and not tint you need alternative system that can be modified in-situ while changing their absorptivity and wavelength coverage. This is done with Spectral enhancers and are synergistic with commerical products or stand alone. So, what is the problem with this picture? Ambivalence or NOT INVENTED HERE SYNDROME or the MONUMENT THEORY of FEAR TO IMPLEMENT UNKNOWNS BEFORE OTHERS?
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Regulatory guidelines for photo stability of packaging of pharmaceuticals and food rancidity exist.
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How do the refugee protection laws and policies of various countries, such as Russia, Ukraine, Israel, and neighboring nations, address the specific challenges and rights of refugees affected by the conflicts in Ukraine and the Israel-Palestine region? What are the implications of these policies on the broader discourse of refugee rights and international humanitarian law?
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Le Monde, Dec. 31, 2023, by Jean-Pierre Filiu (Professeur des universités à Sciences Po), Le destin de l’Europe en 2024 se jouera à Gaza (The destiny of Europe in 2024 will be decided in Gaza, Own Translation). Benjamin Netanyahu and Vladimir Putin, who are banking on the return of Donald Trump to the White House, will do everything to prolong the war in Gaza, which would be disastrous for the European Union, both in the Middle East and in Ukraine. "The historian knows from experience how opinions gradually adapt to conflicts that develop over time. It is no less disturbing to note that the war in Gaza has become trivialized even more quickly than that in Ukraine The losses in Ukraine are, however, much more military than civilian, while the milestone of one percent of the population killed is about to be crossed in Gaza. Such a dizzying figure would represent 650,000 on the scale of France dead, including 250,000 children, as well as millions of wounded, mutilated, traumatized and orphans..."
Read on (in French)
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Research needs on businesses that uphold human rights standard
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I think that what you mentioned in your answer is aimed at promoting and protecting human rights principles between private individual. It matters indeed.
best regards,
kamil.
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Dear Doctor
"Preventing hackers
Although AI can be used in the battle against cyber crime, it also must contend with the challenges unique to all of the cyber security space:
-          A huge attack surface
-          The sheer number of devices per organisation
-          Multiple endpoints and remote perimeters
-          Lack of skilled security professionals
-          Sheer volume of data
-          Remote working
-          Internet of Things
-          Etc.…
Even though the scale of challenges facing cyber security is huge, AI should be able to help with many of these issues.
It can provide benefits and new levels of intelligence to IT teams across the whole spectrum of cyber security, including:
-          Threat exposure. AI can provide up-to-date knowledge of specific threats to help prioritise threats and risks.
-          Manages effectiveness. AI can tell you where your security systems have strengths and vulnerabilities.
-          Breach risk prediction. Using AI to predict how and where your network and systems are most likely to be breached, means you can put in place measures and processes to improve resilience.
-          Incident response. AI can help you understand the causes of vulnerabilities to avoid future issues. It can help with fast responses and prioritisation."
"What is an Intrusion Detection Service?
An intrusion detection system uses a combination of tools and techniques to identify and mitigate inbound attacks from malicious third parties. The idea is to spot and block hacking attempts as early as possible to limit potential damage.
Depending on your infrastructure, BlueFort deploys a combination of network intrusion detection (NIDS) vs host system intrusion detection system (HIDS). This allows for the detection of incoming threats at all layers of your operations.
Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS)
NIDS monitors network activity at the perimeter, inspecting inbound packets for suspicious patterns. The intrusion prevention system then assesses the severity of the attack and implements a pre-defined set of activities to raise an alert and begin the mitigation process.
Host-based Intrusion Detection System (HIDS)
HIDS system works in a similar way, monitoring incoming network traffic and operations on the host system. The detection system software alerts your network team to any activity that circumvents the local security policy."
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How 555 nm called yellow green sensation be used in protective safety elements to safeguard from enemies?
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Dear Doctor
Go To
Mohammad Amin Bozorgmanesh, Farshad Honar, Fatemeh Kowkabi. Investigating the Effect of Mobile Phone Electromagnetic Waves on the Human Eye. 1st international conference on Mechanical, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Jun 2020, Istanbul, Turkey. ffhal-03967362v2f
"Abstract Rapid progress in various fields of science and technology in recent years has caused various adverse and predictable negative effects on the environment. Today, one of the most important biological problems is environmental electromagnetic pollution. The intensity of its electromagnetic radiation has become so widespread that it is currently known as one of the hidden and silent forms of pollution. One means of communication that is an inseparable part of daily life is the mobile phone. Research and surveys show that mobile phone waves have a negative effect on the human body. Our goal in this article is to study the effects of mobile phone electromagnetic waves on the human eye. In order to check the effect of these waves, the specific absorption rate (SAR) criterion is used. Because the rate of specific absorption in the eye is determined according to the absorption of energy in the eye tissues and the conversion of this absorbed energy into thermal energy, they increase the temperature of the eye tissues. In other words, the temperature distribution in the eye directly correlates with the rate of specific absorption. The results have shown that the tissue of the eye is susceptible. When the eye is exposed to waves, the eye's temperature increases, and the antenna angle relative to the eye is effective in the rate of specific absorption. According to studies, the conclusion of this research indicates that without observing safety points, including maintaining distance, they can cause dangerous bodily complications."
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1/ What is the effect of using sea water on concrete? 2/ What are the ways to protect concrete from seawater?
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Seawater should never be used to mix concrete for reinforced structures. Chloride ions reduce the natural basic ph of concrete and therefore cause corrosion of steel reinforcement.
Sea water was used in the past in some regions because the salt (NaCl) increases the speed of the hydration reaction of concrete. Today's experience has demonstrated that it was a terrible mistake.