Projection - Science topic

@Ali Reza Shahvaran I wish you all the best in your search.

You can use griddata/scatteredinterpolant function in MATLAB.

Use reference 09km EASE v2 grid LAT and LON from SMAP L3_SM_P_E to convert E5-Land into Ease v2 grid.

This is a good question.

Dear Carter Cranberg,

I recommend reading this article:

Predicting the impacts of climate change on the distribution of species: Are bioclimate envelope models useful?

Best wishes

Bekhruz

Приветствую Вас, Анатолий Смолович.

1.Обратил внимание на Ваш вопрос по причине того, что пару лет ранее один студент рассказал мне о подобном способе демонстрации объемных изображений (в парах какого-то вещества?)...

2. Просмотрите сайт https://impremium.ru/blog/image-air/

3. В своей деятельности продвигаю идеи более широкого использования преимуществ цифровой оптоэлектроники и ИС с оптическими связями, др. (см. данные моего профиля, еще - публикации по направлению д.т.н, проф. Шустова М.А., РФ).

С уважением, доцент Проскурин Н.П., к.т.н., НУЗП, Украина.

see

Orthogonality, interpolation and quadratures on the unit circle and the interval

Ruymán Cruz-Barroso, Pablo González-Vera, Francisco Perdomo-PíoJournal:Journal of Computational and Applied MathematicsYear:2010

Mr. Aqil Tariq is correct. Please open the MODIS product in Arc Map 10.8, and search projection, and add projection and zone and then select output path, and click Ok. Thank you.

We have also faced pixel shift issues in Worldview-3 Pan and Multispectral images

If you don't want to do the maths, you could use software. For a single coordinate, the free Tatuk Coordinate Calculator is good: https://www.tatukgis.com/Products/Coordinate-Calculator/Description.aspx

Dear Shahidul,

If you are using ArcGIS for mapping, try to change or define projection.

Type in search "define projection"

Or "project raster".

Hello,

The concept of Satan has different explanations in religious traditions.In the Islamic tradition, Satan was an archangel who refused to accept the superiority of Adam so that when God asked the angles to kneel down and respect Adam, Satan refused and asked God to be given time for alluring the sons of Adam off the rectified path, which the servants of God were supposed to follow. I agree with the second option where you say devil exits as a projection of evil desires in human psyche.I hope that the following links can provide you with the answers you are looking for.

1) https://d3uet6ae1sqvww.cloudfront.net/pdf/.../know-the-enemy-revealing-truths-about-s..

2). www.hourofthetime.com/1-LF/Hour_Of_The_Time_08122012-Marx_and_Satan.pdf

Best regards,

R. Biria

Thanks. 

Dear Ruggiero;

I have fully read your model structure. I think you need to have a review on your model.

The first thing which I should notice is your first model:

Yi=ai*ET-bi

It's really a simple linear trend, no thing more. We have some stronger model for relationship of evapotranspiration - or maybe crop water - and yield. I send you one of the best "Crop yield response to water" which is prepared by FAO. I suggest you to read to read chapter 2 from page 6 to page 13.

The second is your evapotranspiration model which you named that as Hargreaves and Merkley. I think you used their book "Irrigation Fundamental", but the equation in page 71, which you use that for you model is originally the Hargreaves and Samani equation, which is presented in "Estimation of potential evapotranspiration" [1] which calculate potential evapotranspiration, not reference evapotranspiration. The method is a Radiation-Temperature Based method, and I should notice you that we have so different kind of methods to estimate potential evapotranspiration which are Temperature Based, Mass Transfer Based, Radiation Based and etc. If you want to use each one of theme I hope to be able to help you.

The last thing is your model, which is a growth model that change with time. I think you should have a review on your model!!

anyway, If you want to project climate change impacts on yield, you should notice other parameters that change too; for this I suggest you to read APSIM reference manual:

And now, as an answer to your question, I should tell you that the climate projection in cordex project could project lots of parameters including potential evaporation which is being calculated using FAO Penman-Monteith equation in a fine spatial resolution and daily temporal.

Hope It helps.

Regards

Tabatabaei

[1]Hargreaves, G. H., & Samani, Z. A. (1982). Estimating potential evapotranspiration. Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, 108(3), 225-230.

The theorem in question is due to Tarski-Seidenberg. Suppose you have a finite disjunction of conjunctions of polynomial equalities and inequalities in $k^{n+1}$

$$ S(x_1,\ldots, x_n, x_{n+1}) \. $$

The projection to $k^n$ would be given by

$$ \exists x_{n+1}: S(x1,\ldots, x_{n+1}) \; .$$

As Peter Breuer comments, this would correspond to an infinite disjunction of algebraic formulas.  However, it is possible to "eliminate the existence quantor", i.e. to find an equivalent finite disjunction of formulas. For the proof of this elimination one needs an algebraic expression of the coefficients of a polynomial of one variable (the variable which vanishes by projection) that allows to decide whether the polynomial has a zero.  A  sturm chain provides such a device and is used in the proof you'll find e.g. in

The calculations are algorithmic, I can't conceive of an easy visualisation. But it might help to have a look at Coste's examples.

Dear Andrew,

I suggest you to see links, attached files in topics.

- extracting data from .tif raster layer in R- layer not matching lat/long ...

https://stackoverflow.com/.../extracting-data-from-tif-raster-layer-i...

- ornl daac global maps of atmospheric nitrogen deposition, 1860, 1993 ...

https://daac.ornl.gov/CLIMATE/.../global_N_deposition_maps.ht...

- Raster Tools - Community Modeling and Analysis System

 best regards

Hello Diego Araujoo 

Pls go through this link. I hope this will help in importing your data in GIS

Don't know about your project but if you are talking about mortality at the population level and have some long term mortality reates data, you can test for trends over time and for changes in trend related to a particular intervention. Best wishes

If you would like I can send you by e-mail a csv file with  temperature values projected for a certain point  in Africa from CORDEX simulations at 0.44 degree resolution. 

    Dear Erfan,

    When you say infinite dimensional projective space, I suppose you are thinking in an infinite projective manifold. Thus you need to look for a preserving a Hermitian metric assoicated to a symplectic structure. One clear example of that is the Fubini-Study metric. There are generalizations using Grassmannians One natural generalization of CPn is provided by the Hermitian symmetric spaces of compact type, such as Grassmannians.

    One good reference for going deeper is:

   A. Moroianu, Lectures on Kahler Geometry, London Mathematical Society Texts, 69. Cambridge University Press (2007)

You may be able to use vanishing points/line for your purpose. The two pairs of parallel lines on the wall determine the vanishing points/line. Have a read at this file which may be useful.

To Lilliana's question, I'd say "not necessarily", though I'd not want to exclude the possibility that thee are some things that are common to values of all types.

Dear Richard

My area is Biolinguistics and my work involes how to establish  that there is a Faculty of Language, a virtual organ (see my RG details) in the Brain, Since music involves speech, I am sure that here too the Faculty of Language is involved. In fact, in Hindu mythology, the Goddess of Learnig, Sarasvathi, is also the Goddess of Music!

As with any Human faculty, (or with many disease) music also will be influenced by three factors

1. Inherited, 2. Intra-Uterine/Congenital 3. Post natal.

As with speech and Language, exposure to music during childhood must also be important. Part of inherited effect may be that the child is exposed earlier. And, however much a Human being has a well developed Faculty of Language, he/she will never speak unless exposed to speech! It must be so with music too?

As regards Auditory image, it might be impossible to say exactly which stimulus results in an image that can be recalled.

There is a famous Lullaby in Malayalam, written 300 or more years ago. When ever I hear it, I don't know why, I remember my mother. May be she must have sung it to me who was her firstborn, but I don't remember her singing to me actually! This must be what you mean by auditory image, isn't it so?

Studying this is tough. May be you can find people who does have similar auditory images and study their cortical/neural/ activity by EEG, PET scan, etc., afeter exposing them to image recalling and non-recalling sounds.

Narayanan

Dear Rogier!

Thanks!

Muhammad,

Common, commercial video projectors are tricky - it's rather difficult to synchronize them. After several tests, I made such a system, PC-driven bu Matlab, by choosing to make it work slower but avoiding the recording of camera frames during which the Gray code projected changes, and which are incorrect. I did it 1) by introducing a delay between the transmission of a pattern to the projector, and 2) by recording for each projected frame 2, even 3 camera frames - which also allows coping with the correct regime of the camera !

I hope it helps !

Dan

Dear Marcia,

You will find it on:

Go to Figure 4 in the article.

Regards

Alberto

OK, Ali. So your environment is in fact R⁸ with the metric given by its euclidian norm sqrt( sum of x_i² ) . Let a matrix be (z₁ z₂  ;  z₃ z₄ ). Your set lies in an intersection of hyperplanes, which are Im z₁ = Im z₄ = 0 , Re z₁ + Re z₄= 2, Re z₂ = Re z₃, Im z₂ + Im z₃ = 0. Those are exactly 5 independent affine hyperplanes (prove independence by rank computation!), and their intersection is an  affine space T  of real dimension 8 - 5 = 3. On the other side the euclidian norm of R⁸ computed for points of your set is sqrt([ (1-z)² + (1 + z)² + 2x²+ 2y² ] / 4 ) = sqrt ( [1 + x² + y² + z² ] / 2 ) = 1 because (x, y, z) in S² as embedded in R³. So your set (call it S) is the intersection of a 3-dimensional linear space T with the sphere S⁷ canonically embedded in R⁸ , and the euclidian distance in R⁸ generates (the same) metric on T. For me it is clear: your sphere is round, constant curvature, and canonically embedded. However, the affine space T does not contain 0 in R⁸ so the center of our sphere, which lies in T, is not 0 from R⁸. This center and the radius of the sphere, as sphere embedded in T, must be computed. As a result, we will see that the sphere has not curvature 1. It will have a different oneI

This is a good question with lots of possible answers.

A good place to start in looking for an answer to this question is

See Section 2, starting on page 3, for the mathematical framework (the intersection of convex sets' complements are introduced in Remark 2.2).   Projections onto closed convex cones are introduced in Section 1, page 3.

The boundary of a convex set and boundary of the complement of a convex set are considered relative to projections in

U. Eckhardt, W. Scherl, Z. Yu, Representation of plane curves by means of descriptors in Hough space:

See Chapter 9 (Reconstructon), starting on page 20.

A strange as it may seem, a good place to look in considering this question is in the projection onto coconvex (complement of a convex set) in terms of sequences of automorphisms.    This is done in

K.-U. Bux, Finiteness properties of soluble arithmetic groups over global function fields, Geometry and Topology 8, 2004, 611-644:

See Chapter 6 (The Moufang Property), starting on page 628.

Remember that the diameter of a wool fibre can change significantly depending on the relative humidity as wool fibres swell when they absorb moisture. That is why commercial wool testing laboratories measure fibre diameter after a period of 'conditioning' at 20 degrees celsius and 65% relative humidity. For consistent measurements it is important to ensure that the environment in which you are measuring the samples, does not vary too much in temperature or humidity - particularly if you are measuring a large number of samples over a period of days or weeks. If this is the case, it may be necessary to select a number of 'control' samples (n = 5) of various diameters and measure these at both the start and end of each day and use any changes over time to 'correct' your measurements for variation in environmental conditions.

Explaining the purpose of the research helps to recruit participants through their interest in a subject which quite often allows subsequent snowballing recruitment.  It also supports thoughtful responses because they feel they belong to something rather than adjunct to it.  To address issues of bias, having space for comment under each question lets participants clarify their responses if the options available to them would otherwise not adequately reflect the answers they would like to give.

Srinivasan, I asked a question about subspaces of projective space, not of vector spaces. Projective spaces are spaces of rays of vector spaces. A point of a projective space is a one-dimensional subspace of a vector space. Check somewhere the definition of a projective space. 

Thanks, Naeem. I don't think any of the tools listed are of use for interrogation officers. No test we have in mental health can provide sufficient positive or negative predictive power to be meaningful in terms of evaluating guilt to innocence see for instance (see for instance Steve Hart's very valuable reflection on these issues, downloadable from SFU at http://www.sfu.ca/psyc/faculty/hart/Hart,_SFU_Website/Publications_files/Hart,%202004-2011,%20EAPL,%20Complexity,%20uncertainty,%20and%20risk%20assessment.pdf. )

There are some tools that have been developed to assist police or probation make decisions regarding future risk, such as the ODARA in relation to spousal abuse. Tools mentioned above such as the LSI are valuable for convicted populations to help evaluate risk and target interventions. There are likely to be major ethical issues with using psychological assessment tools for interrogation purposes. 

Since I like nice expositions, I would more often prefer the older ones, as the modern ones tend to be very technical. This is to some degree by necessity, but the balance between exposition and technical arguments now more often is lost, with a too strong focus on the technical development, and too little energy is put on constructing links between subjects, illustrations of results and their utilization. Further, I find that more often books today lack enough good graphical illustrations, examples, and good basic as well as advanced exercises (with answers/hints). I think this is because too often a book is written based on a series of very good technical papers, and the author tends to forget that a book should have a very different style of writing than a technical paper.

Among the best books in terms of style, layout, and sheer reading pleasure, are:

1. Lasdon - Optimization Theory for Large Systems. Classical, and focusing on problems and algorithms for large-scale problems and how to iteratively turn them into problems that are manageable so that the original problem can be solved after some coordinating steps.

2. Bazaraa, Sherali, Shetty - Nonlinear Optimization. The layout in the first edition, 1979, I think, is much nicer than the later ones from 1993 and 2005 (or is it 2006?). The layout matters a lot to me, by the way.

3. Bertsekas - Nonlinear Programming. There is a new edition every few years. Very good, accessible and nicely structured. 

These three are frequently used in beginner PhD courses on nonlinear optimization. Further books that I like but have not used as much are:

4. Luenberger, Ye - Linear and Nonlinear Programming, 2nd edition. 

5. Mangasarian - Nonlinear Programming. 

These two are somewhat classical - not as complete as the ones above but written in a nice style, also by masters of the field. And by the way all these five books cover more than convex optimization, so I have somehow answered the wrong question. :-) I think a course on nonlinear stuff needs to cover more than the convex case, anyway.