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Dear authors,
Does anybody know what the minimum allowable width of transistors at 22nm CMOS process technology is? Is it 22nm or 44nm or something else?
What about constructive widths? I mean, is it possible for manufacturers to build a transistor which its width is W = 2.34*Lmin or W = 1.37 or ... (Lmin = 22nm) or the width of the transistor must be N*Lmin, where N can be just 1,2,3,4, ...?
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Dear Aparna Sathya Murthy,
Thank you so much
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Some subjects of the fish processing is relevant to food science and home science (UGC-NET) having two chapters from food science
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Yes Sir, you are eligible for UGC NET examination. Anyone who have Master degree that is related to food science and technology can appear for UGC NET. Home science covers all the subjects related to food science and nutrition.
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It is common practice to choose minimum transistor lengths of 4-5 times the minimum process technology length for analog designs. I wondered, whether this is also true for digital circuits? I'm currenty working with a NAND2-based SR-Latch in 180nm Technology and wondered if I should work with lengths of about 200nm or if values of at least 1 um for the transistor lengths were more convenient.
I would also be thankful for a deeper explaination of the provided answer.
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Artificial intelligence is one of the key advanced information processing technologies of the fourth technological revolution, known as Industry 4.0.
The current technological revolution, known as Industry 4.0, is determined by the development of the following technologies of advanced information processing: artificial intelligence, Big Data database technologies, cloud computing, machine learning, Internet of Things, Business Intelligence and other advanced data mining technologies.
In view of the above, I am asking you the following question:
What will be the future uses of artificial intelligence?
Please reply
I invite you to the discussion
Best wishes
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Dear Ronald Valledor Gomeseria,
Yes. Therefore, the development of artificial intelligence technology and its applications should take place under full and prudent human control.
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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My dissertation is on analysing particular processes/technology for the specific field and my suggestions for improvement.
  • What are the challenges if my study uses a descriptive research approach through a narrative review using thematic analysis?
  • Does it come under a theoretical or conceptual framework?
  • Any suggestion on alternative research methods that can be done in a short time?
N.B. I am new to research and sorry if I mentioned anything wrong.
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secondary sources become important if the study contribute to previous literature. It all depends on your research questions or objectives.
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In the past ten years, researchers all over the world have made great efforts to explore the possibility of using different emerging AM technologies to manufacture various BMGs, and strive to reveal relationship between the processing technology, microstructure of BMGs prepared by these AM methods. At present, there are still great technical difficulties in the manufacture of metallic glass powder for SLM.
Completely amorphous alloys can already be achieved in the preparation of SLM in some alloy systems, but it is still a challenge due to the low glass forming ability or poor thermal stability of most MG systems. In terms of the HAZ in each layer during SLM, the crystallization problem becomes more serious and more difficult to completely avoid. Since the thermal history of different regions of MG manufactured by SLM (such as molten pool and HAZ) is different, different regions have different crystallization mechanisms. The current research on crystallization mainly relies on finite element simulation and molecular dynamics simulation to understand the crystallization kinetics of the SLM bath during laser irradiation through calculations to help the development and optimization of BMGs.
Although SLM still faces arduous challenges in preparing powders for metallic glass and its own processing technology, the efforts of scholars all over the world have proved that SLM can break through the size limit of bulk metallic glass manufacturing, which is the main limitation of producing BMG through traditional manufacturing methods.
Therefore, the main problems in the preparation of bulk metallic glass by SLM technology include: the quality of amorphous powder, crystallization of heat-affected zone, various forming defects and so on. Where should we take active research strategies to improve the above situation?
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Dear Peilei, thank you for initiating this interesting discussion of practical importance. According to the recently published article cited below, future research in the area of manufacturing bulk metallic glasses through selective laser melting should be directed towards improving the mechanical, physical and chemical properties of BMGs. Of particular interest are new functional applications such as catalytic performance and biocompatibility. In this context please have a look at the following article:
A review of bulk metallic glasses by selective laser melting
(please see the attached pdf article)
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Does the combination of Big Data database technologies and Business Intelligence analytics enable the improvement of conducting various economic, financial and other analyzes?
In my opinion, the scope of synergy and possibilities of combining applications of various advanced information processing technologies, including data analysis eg on Business Intelligence platforms based on large data sets collected in Big Data database systems for the purpose of improving information security management processes, including information transferred, increases. on the Internet, collected in Big Data database systems and used to carry out various economic, financial and other analyzes.
Please reply
I invite you to the discussion
Thank you very much
Best wishes
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Due to the rapid technological progress in the field of Industry 4.0 technology, companies, enterprises and financial institutions will increasingly use multi-criteria processing of large data sets using Big Data Analytics and Business Intelligence as part of economic and financial analyzes.
Greetings,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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After 30 years, much will change. 30 years is a long period for the continuation of the current fourth technological revolution, known as Industry 4.0.
The current technological revolution known as Industry 4.0 is motivated by the development of the following factors:
Big Data database technologies, cloud computing, machine learning, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, Business Intelligence and other advanced data mining technologies.
On the basis of the development of the new technological solutions in recent years, dynamically developing processes of innovatively organized analyzes of large information sets stored in Big Data database systems and computing cloud computing for the needs of applications in such areas as: machine learning, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence are dynamically developing, Business Intelligence.
The development of information processing technology in the era of the current technological revolution defined by Industry 4.0 is determined by the application of new information technologies in the field of e-commerce and e-marketing.
Added to this are additional areas of application of advanced technologies for the analysis of large data sets, such as Medical Intelligence, Life Science, Green Energy, etc. Processing and multi-criteria analysis of large data sets in Big Data database systems is made according to the V4 concept, ie Volume (meaning number of data), Value (large values ​​of specific parameters of the analyzed information), Velocity (high speed of new information appearing) and Variety (high variety of information).
The advanced information processing and analysis technologies mentioned above are used more and more often for marketing purposes of various business entities that advertise their offer on the Internet or analyze the needs in this area reported by other entities, including companies, corporations, financial and public institutions. More and more commercial business entities and financial institutions conduct marketing activities on the Internet, including on social media portals.
More and more companies, banks and other entities need to conduct multi-criteria analyzes on large data sets downloaded from the Internet describing the markets on which they operate, as well as contractors and clients with whom they cooperate. On the other hand, there are already specialized technology companies that offer this type of analytical services, develop customized reports that are the result of multicriteria analyzes of large data sets obtained from various websites and from entries and comments on social media portals.
Do you agree with my opinion on this matter?
In view of the above, I am asking you the following question:
What are the known futurological visions of technology development until around 2050?
Please reply
I invite you to the discussion
Best wishes
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Tech future dev. in...The advent of Biotechnology courses a few decades ago appeared to provide a better alternative to young students for their career options. The applications of Biotechnology are vast as it caters to various agricultural, animal husbandry, fishery, health, pharmaceutical n etc …Samal, K. C., Mohanty, A., Patnaik, L., & Sahoo, J. P. (2021). Career Options and Future Prospects in Biotechnology. Biotica Research Today, 3(3), 135-138.
Robotics, space tech, AI, BC, BD...Wedler, A., Schuster, M. J., Müller, M. G., Vodermayer, B., Meyer, L., Giubilato, R., ... & Reill, J. (2021). German Aerospace Center's advanced robotic technology for future lunar scientific missions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 379(2188), 20190574.
Rusakova, E. P., & Inshakova, A. O. (2021). INDUSTRIAL AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING IN DIGITAL LEGAL PROCEEDINGS IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION: A NEW LEVEL OF QUALITY BASED ON DATA, BLOCKCHAIN AND AI. International Journal for Quality Research, 15(1).
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In connection with the development of technology, the current technological revolution, which Industry 4.0 information processing technologies find application in the development of medicine?
Please reply
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Dear P. K. Farayibi,
Yes, it is correct ICT information technologies turned out to be very helpful in the development of both specific techniques and medical instruments, e.g. in improving surgery, creating implants (3D printing) and also in improving organizational issues, digitization of databases containing patient data and remote systems patient registration via the Internet. Especially the latter issue proved to be very helpful during the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic.
Thank you, Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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How do new information technologies implemented in the didactic processes, advanced information processing technologies change and modernize the education process at universities?
Please reply
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Thank you very much
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Standardised online teaching at the global level
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Are spin-off companies established in your universities that combine research activities with the industrial implementation of innovative new technologies created in these entities?
I am asking because I have noticed that in some universities such companies operating in the field of new innovative technologies are established, including in the field of research and industrial implementation in the fields of biotechnology, energy innovations, renewable energy, materials science, robotics, telecommunications, new online media, Big Data database systems, artificial intelligence, internet of things, machine learning, data processing in the cloud computing and other advanced information processing technologies typical of the current fourth technological revolution called Industry 4.0. These types of business entities are usually arranged to support the research, education and development activities of the university.
Do you agree with me on the above matter?
In the context of the above issues, I am asking you the following question:
Are spin-off companies established in your universities that combine research activities with the industrial implementation of innovative new technologies created in these entities?
Please reply
I invite you to the discussion
Thank you very much
Best wishes
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USOs in the Latin American region... Montiel-Campos, H. (2018). University spin-offs creation in the Latin American region. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies.
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Hello, every one.
Does anybody know how to measure leakage power of a digital circuit such as Static-CMOS NAND gate or Full Adders, etc using HSPICE? If you know a command to measure it, would that command be used for both 180nm and 32nm CMOS process technologies?
Thank you.
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The leakage power is determined when the transistors are kept in the off sate.
So, you need only to control the transistors in the off state measure the leaksge current and multiply it by the the VDD that is the leakage power =VDD Il where Il is the leakage current of the circuit.
As an example say you have an inverter, then you apply zero voltage on the input of the CMOS inverter the NMOS transistor will be off while the PMOS transistor will be on. So the current is limited by the leakage current by the NMOS transistor to the ground.
In this way one can calculate the leakage off power.
In case of 2 input AND gate you need only to apply zero voltage on the two inputs and see how large is the current drawn from the power supply VDD.
Also the Pl = leakage power = VDD Il with Il the current drawn by the circuit when it is off from the power supply VDD.
Best wishes
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how to stabilize the intermediate forms during inter conversion of one form the other?
is there any possibility of synthesizing the intermediates?
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Depending on the reaction rate you can lower the temperature to capture the intermediate and fraction collect it. You need to know the reaction mechanism to avoid conditions that might lead to decomposition. An other alternative is to make the synthesis if you know the structure, again, controlling the temperature.
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What are the newest state-of-the-art processing technology in biodiesel production?
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Thank you for your wonderful contribution, Dr. Carole C Tranchant .
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I am looking for Fuel Processing Technology journal template, but didn't find any. Can anyone please suggest me how can I proceed to formatting the manuscript especially figures and tables?
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Dear kindly search for your journal of choice using the title and abstract of your work.
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Developing knowledge is one of the most important factors in the development of civilization, including technical progress, technology development, etc. Knowledge is one of the most important production factors in modern knowledge-based economies. In modern knowledge-based economies, information services, Internet and modern information technologies based on advanced information processing are developing dynamically in the most economically developed countries. Currently, the development of knowledge led to the fourth technological revolution known as Industry 4.0.
A particularly important area of ​​knowledge that is rapidly developing in recent years and probability is determined by the development of modern economies are advanced information processing technologies ranked among the main determinants of the technological revolution called Industry 4.0.
The currently ongoing technological revolution Industry 4.0 is determined by the development of the following advanced information processing technologies: Big Data database technologies, cloud computing, machine learning, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, Business Intelligence and other advanced data mining technologies and other information technologies.
Knowledge development is therefore a key issue for the continuation of technological progress in the 21st century.
In view of the above, I am asking you the following question:
What is the significance of knowledge in the development of the 21st century civilization?
Please reply
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Every blade has two sides.
The present technology based knowledge and its practice may lead to some new problems like failure of the next generation people to think in versatile directions. Innovations may stop or may be totally dependent on technology for that reason.
As an example, one question may be asked. How many of modern day school student can perform simple calculations without calculator?
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Environment - This is just as broad as technology so I want to zero in one major area and that is the physical controls that are in place. Breaches in physical security remains a vulnerability in organizations of all forms such as airports, schools, universities, etc. We have seen time and again where post review of a security related incident that if certain areas were strengthen, compromises could not have occurred. When conducting assessments on the environment, areas to look for include:
  • Physical Perimeter security
  • Traffic flow
  • Access to compounds
  • Access to building
  • Segmented access whilst inside the building
  • CCTV Scanning
Of course the above is not limited and more areas can be added but the purpose is to highlight the critical areas that seems to be lacking.
What are your thoughts?
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Dear Adesh,
I share this concern with you, and I add that this great question should have been asked long before because the environment in its global dimension is beginning to be modified, and I very much doubt that it is irreversible. In addition, the egocentric behavior of man and the interests of multinational societies should be corrected by rigorous regulations integrated into international law...
Best regards
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How do you know examples of business analytics connected to computerized Business Intelligence platforms with other advanced data processing technologies such as: Big Data database technologies, cloud computing, machine learning, IoT, artificial intelligence, Business Intelligence and other advanced data processing technologies Mining?
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I invite you to the discussion
Thank you very much
Dear Colleagues and Friends from RG
The issues of the use of information contained in Big Data database systems for the purposes of conducting Business Intelligence analyzes are described in the publications:
I invite you to discussion and cooperation.
Best wishes
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Following
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Business processes and technology should go with, agreeing to each other harmoniously. Businesses and companies will benefit to the maximum extent. Pl comment
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Not surprisingly, SAP is working hard on Blockchain solutions. The main question is what should be on the Blockchain and what should be done off-chain. Additionally, many companies have legacy systems with existing processes. I know one specific example in the public sector in which an existing process was supplemented by the Blockchain such that at specific points in time information was put on the Blockchain that proves that a certain process has been completed. This makes sense only if external partners are involved. If the ERP is only for internal use, I do not see a compelling Blockchain use case.
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I have found definitons for separate keywords, but no definition for the "e-health platform". So what is it?
Which e-health platforms do you know?
In my understanding, and after combining the definitions below:
"e-health platform is hardware and operating system on which software applications can be run to provide digital data—transmitted, stored and retrieved electronically—for clinical, educational and administrative purposes".
Definitions:
"e-health" describes the combined use of electronic communication and information technology in the health sector, and also the use of digital data—transmitted, stored and retrieved electronically—for clinical, educational and administrative purposes, both at the local site and at distance” [Mitchell]
"e-health" is a field in the intersection of medical informatics, public health and business, referring to health services and information delivered or enhanced through the Internet and related technologies“ [Eysenbach].
A platform is “a group of technologies that are used as a base upon which other applications, processes or technologies are developed. In personal computing, a platform is the basic hardware (computer) and software (operating system) on which software applications can be run.”
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Hi,
In my work I have defined a platform that enables eHealth or other care interventions as a reusable core of functionality with various interfaces that change the interaction with people at the periphery. This then covers video, physiological measurements, data and machine learning platforms. In the way that a social media platform can be reused to facilitate different use cases the central core of most technology platforms are communication, processing and storage. This is reflected in Aleksandr's answer. However, most of my work has taken the platform as an iterative development and focused on the sociotechnical nature of how the peripheral interfaces enable new ways of working. My experience is that most of the obstacles to using technology arise not because of the technology itself but the way in which it disrupts practice.
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Activating critical thinking of students and students is a particularly important determinant of effective education. Modern education instruments are important in this area, thanks to which analytical techniques, brainstorming, debates, discussions, etc. used in the education process of students and students are developed. These techniques should also develop creativity, innovation and teamwork.
In my opinion, activating critical thinking of students and students, developing the ability to discuss in debates, to develop creativity, innovation and teamwork of students and students perfectly correlates with the development of the concept of modern education 4.0.
At present, in the age of the technological revolution known as the 4.0 Industry, new teaching concepts are being defined as education 4.0.
The technological revolution in recent years, known as Industry 4.0, is motivated by the development of the following factors:
Big Data database technologies, cloud computing, machine learning, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence.
In addition, in the knowledge-based economy, the important areas of knowledge and technologies that are developed are primarily the development of data processing analytics in Business Intelligence enterprises, the development of life science technologies, biotechnology, eco-innovation, energy, medical intelligence, etc.
On the basis of the development of the new technological solutions mentioned in recent years, the processes of innovatively organized analyzes of large information collections gathered in Big Data database systems dynamically develop.
Therefore, I am asking you the following questions:
Does the development of data processing technology in Big Data database systems and other technologies developed in the field of technological revolution Industry 4.0 generate the need to develop education 4.0?
How can you describe the correlation between the Industry 4.0 technological revolution and modern 4.0 education?
What instruments of modern education should be used in the context of the development of new online media?
Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.
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At present, in the age of the technological revolution known as the 4.0 industry, new concepts of technological management or Internet-based companies are being created.
The technological revolution in recent years, known as Industry 4.0, is motivated by the development of the following factors:
Big Data database technologies, cloud computing, machine learning, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence.
In addition, in the knowledge-based economy, the important areas of knowledge and technologies that are developed are primarily the development of data processing analytics in Business Intelligence enterprises, the development of life science technologies, biotechnology, eco-innovation, energy, medical intelligence, etc.
On the basis of the development of the new technological solutions mentioned in recent years, the processes of innovatively organized analyzes of large information collections gathered in Big Data database systems dynamically develop.
Therefore, I am asking you the following questions:
Does the development of data processing technology in Big Data database systems and other technologies developed in the field of technological revolution Industry 4.0 generates the emergence of new business management concepts?
What are the most effective modern management concepts of an innovative technological startup or a technological company developing implementation research projects in which innovative technological solutions are created?
Please reply. I invite you to the discussion
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Innovative start-ups are discovering, developing and commercializing many new technologies.
Nevertheless, the success of these start-ups typically depends on the effective application of many well-established management concepts. Henri Fayol wrote about the general principles of management more than century ago. Planning, organizing, coordinating and controlling are essential to business success today just like they were to companies in the early 1900s.
Admittedly, the nature of these activities has changed as we experience a faster-changing environment. For example, the leaders of many technology start-ups that we have studied create visions and conduct scenario and/or contingency planning instead of spending the time and effort to formulate a classical long-term strategic plan.
There is no doubt that it has become harder to predict the environment. The leaders of companies with genuinely disruptive technologies can apply relevant management concepts to shape their own future. Other start-ups will have to adapt to inevitable changes. Their managers will have to monitor or scan the environment in order to identify emerging threats and opportunities.
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Dear All,
I am working on the impact of improved processing technologies on consumers' behaviour. Right now, I seek to know econometric models that will best fit my work. Models that will help me captured the impact of improved technology on consumers' behaviour. Your answers are welcome.
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I strongly agree with all the previous suggestions. The conceptualisation of consumer behaviour in your study is important. How do you want to measure consumer behaviour? In terms of expenditure (continuous) or purchasing decision (binary)? Another suggestion is that you need provide a background and probably some specific objectives to enable us to adequately advice you.
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More attentions in processing technology or simulation of composite structures? At present, many researchers have focused on uncertainly based on advanced design of composites. How do you think the problem of the uncertainties in structural simulation should be solved?
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Hi all
I would add to the above that best composite materials can be developed from observing the surrounding nature. The surrounding nature has not only sustainable products, i.e., woods, fibers, grains, and so on, but also has compatible designs, i.e., natural shapes of birds, fishes, and so on, that one would take into the consideration in developing advanced composites.
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I need information about studies comparing self-propelled combine harvesters vs tractor driven combine harvester?
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Thanks very much Dear Rashad
 the article is very good
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could any one tell me about this ?
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السلام عليكم يا دكتور 
اعتقد ان التكنولوجيا الوحيدة المستخدمة فى مصر هى التسخين الأومى وهى تستخدم فعلا فى معظم مصانع بسترة العصائر
فعلا مستخدمة فى مصانع كتير انا شفتها
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Can somebody explain me how this ultrasound technology is being used in preservation of food materials? What are the parameters we should consider for executing this process? Do foods processed by this technology have any side effects on health of consumers?
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I think this reference may also be of interest:
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There is much conversation of late about devoting fresh energies to "advanced" manufacturing.  There are many drivers for this wave of thought, and many of them seem to be derived from non-technological sources.  There are also several funding agencies that are designating noteworthy amounts of money for "advanced" manufacturing.  It also seems that the meaning of "advanced" can vary widely.  I would like to collect views about the definition of "advanced"  --  is it based on process technology, on types of products, on methods of organizing manufacturing resources  --  or maybe all of the above.
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Read two books, first the goal, by eli goldrat, and then the race, same authour.
These give the real reasons why manufacturing had to change. Out of this thinking came advanced manufacturing.
Modern machining allows parts to be economically made in small quantities. Old fashioned batch manufacture was used to minimise the effect of setup time. However, this had tbe effect of large inventories and high working capital tied up. Large batch quantities also delay overall production time. This has two effects, first it adds risk to the business, because if a product no longer sells, a lot of inventory has to be written off, and secondly, new product introduction takes longer, meaning competitors can grab market share more quickly. So the drivers of advanced manufacturing are to makea batch of one at a lower cost by Iintelligent application of new machines.
Hop this helps,
Regards
Dr. Paul H. Riley
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  Should respiration heat be considered as a factor affecting the vacuum drying process? The question is based on some experts' opinions on this effect.  
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There are big autoclaves that need tons of oxygen and the whole process needs to be well controlled. What is most important to control and how? Which is the best technology?
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In This Process you inoculate Oxygen with specific Air Pump.
For Concentrate leaching, you should be supply required Oxygen to autoclave.
Best wishes