Process Design - Science topic

In the circular economy, remanufacturing success relies heavily on the accurate identification and classification of used products. Processes, which rely on worker experience, lack objective validation, leading to the potential for mislabeling and inaccurate damage assessment. This, in turn, results in additional manual evaluations and unproductive...

Effective plastic management is crucial in addressing the growing environmental challenges posed by plastic pollution. Among various plastics, polyoxymethylene (POM) stands out as a widely used engineering thermoplastic with significant applications in industries . Innovative recycling solutions are essential to mitigate its environmental impact. T...

Geopolymers are an emerging class of binding materials used in sustainable cements, concretes, and composites. However, despite growing research, the lack of standardised processes and stability analyses for formulating activator solutions - a crucial component of geopolymer systems - remains a barrier to quality control and research advancement. T...

Background Nutrient limitation strategies are commonly applied in bioprocess development to engineered microorganisms to further maximize the production of the target molecule towards theoretical limits. Biomass formation is often limited under the limitation of key nutrients, and understanding how fluxes in central carbon metabolism are re-routed...

Due to near netshape production, additive manufactured gears have a high potential to optimize cost and resource efficiency. Decreasing product lifecycles as well as increasing individualization of components demand high flexibility of manufacturing processes. The additive manufacturing process Binder Jetting (BJT) is intended to enable the product...

This study investigates the acid–rock reaction kinetics and their implications for enhancing tight limestone reservoir stimulation through systematic experiments. Using 14 tight limestone cores, we evaluate the dynamic behavior of single-phase and gelled acids (12%, 15%, and 20% HCl) under controlled reservoir conditions (80 °C; 10–180 min). Three...

Pharmaceutical process design and development for generic, innovative, or personalized drugs have always been a time consuming, costly, rigorous process, that involves multistage evaluation for better quality control and assurance. Large language models (LLMs), a type of generative artificial intelligence system, can augment laboratory research in...

The superconducting qubit is one of the promising directions in realizing fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC), which requires many high-quality qubits. To achieve this, it is desirable to leverage modern semiconductor industry technology to ensure quality, uniformity, and reproducibility. However, conventional Josephson junction fabrication rel...

The rapid expansion of cloud computing and artificial intelligence has driven the demand for faster optical components in data centres to unprecedented levels. A key advancement in this field is the integration of multiple photonic components onto a single chip, enhancing the performance of optical transceivers. Here, silicon photonics, benefiting...

Thin-walled conical cylinders with three ring ribs (TWCCTRR) are the critical bearing-load components of aerospace equipment, and now the high-performance fabrication of TWCCTRR is confronting great challenges. Constraint ring rolling (CRR) is a new plastic-forming technique that shows great potential in forming high-performance TWCCTRR. However, u...

Background Experience‐Based Co‐Design (EBCD) is a popular collaborative process where service users and healthcare providers share their experiences of using and delivering services to identify ways to adapt services to enhance those experiences. Objective This study aimed to identify enablers and barriers to the successful implementation of EBCD...

Medical Education (ME) in South Africa has a century long legacy which continues to make a significant impact globally through its graduates. The aim of this paper is to showcase the evolving landscape of ME in South Africa, whiles addressing the legacy of socio-economic and educational disparities influenced by its colonial and Apartheid history....

Considering that‘heading must be explored’is strictly implemented in roadway excavation, the large volume of the bolter miner (BM) makes it impossible for conventional drilling rigs (DR) to deploy and drill in front of it quickly and easily. This paper proposes a new type of airborne DR. Based on the analysis of the excavation face’s working condit...

El estudio aborda el modelado matemático de la difusión atómica del carbono en acero ASTM A36 mediante la ecuación de Arrhenius y el método de mínimos cuadrados. Se analiza la relación exponencial entre la temperatura y el coeficiente de difusión, linealizando la ecuación para obtener parámetros fundamentales como el prefactor de difusión y la ener...

This study systematically analysed and optimised the hot-forging process of wheel rims made of aluminium 6061 alloy, with the objective being to achieve the desired rim shape, dimensions, grain refinement, and strength. First, friction coefficients were determined through the hot ring compression test, and the displacement and load variations of sp...

Mixture of large language model (LLMs) Agents (MoA) architectures achieve state-of-the-art performance on prominent benchmarks like AlpacaEval 2.0 by leveraging the collaboration of multiple LLMs at inference time. Despite these successes, an evaluation of the safety and reliability of MoA is missing. We present the first comprehensive study of MoA...

Article Contrasting a BYD Blade prismatic cell and Tesla 4680 cylindrical cell with a teardown analysis of design and performance Graphical abstract Highlights d Design, materials, performance, and process flow of BYD Blade and Tesla 4680 cell are compared d Tesla uses laser welding; BYD combines laser and ultrasonic for electrode connections d Tes...

The textile manufacturing industry is energy- and water-intensive, and has a great impact on the environment. Sustainability-oriented innovation can support the transition of the textile sector towards a circular economy. This review investigates how the textile manufacturing chain can benefit from sustainability-driven innovation strategies to ach...

In order to improve the signal quality in the RX (receiver), a 25Gbps continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE) based on 55nm process design is proposed. The proposed circuit adds a pair of zero and pole that can modulate mid-frequency equalization, and it includes a new binaural structure negative capacitance circuit that can achieve a wider bandwid...

Objective Accurate finger function assessment is crucial for monitoring the performance of daily hand activities. However, specialized digital applications are lacking for evaluating various finger tasks. This study aims to develop a custom digital biosensing application to assess finger dexterity. Methods We developed a digital biosensing applica...

The accumulation and delayed processing of notices generated during the engineering construction process have a significant impact on project settlement and, thus, project cost. Currently, there is a lack of research on intelligent notice processing. Although large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have demonstrated exceptional performance i...

Background/Objectives: Tablet is the most popular oral solid dosage form, and high-shear wet granulation and tableting (HSWGT) is a versatile technique for manufacturing tablets. The conventional pharmaceutical development for HSWGT is carried out in a step-by-step mode, which is inefficient and may result in local optimal solutions. Inspired by th...

Women’s equal participation and leadership in political and public life can boost a country’s long-run economic growth, foster social inclusion, and help countries reach the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Beyond these important outcomes, women’s inclusion in public life is a basic human right: women deserve a role in making decisions, c...

In recent years, hardware implementations of Ising machines have emerged as a viable alternative to quantum computing for solving hard optimization problems among other applications. Unlike quantum hardware, dense connectivity can be achieved in classical systems. However, we show that dense connectivity leads to severe frequency slowdowns and inte...

A dielectric elastomer (DE) consists of a highly deformable polymer films sandwiched between flexible electrodes. When a voltage is applied between the electrodes, an electric field induces a compressive stress that leads to controlled deformation, making the DE operate as an electrostatic actuator. To achieve fully polymeric DE actuator (DEA) syst...

Multi-objective evolutionary optimization is widely utilized in industrial design. Despite the success of multi-objective evolutionary optimization algorithms in addressing complex optimization problems, research focusing on input disturbances remains limited. In many manufacturing processes, design parameters are vulnerable to random input disturb...

Zusammenfassung Die kommunalen Bekenntnisse zur Klimaneutralität im Sinne einer nachhaltigen Stadtentwicklung werden in den vergangenen Jahren immer zahlreicher. Die Bürger:innenschaft ist dabei vielerorts eine wichtige Akteursgruppe, die Transformationsprozesse hin zur Klimaneutralität mitverhandelt. In Bonn hat sich der Stadtrat das Ziel der komm...

Chemical plants inherently handle and operate with a wide range of hazardous materials, making them more prone to accidents compared to other industrial sectors. Consequently, safety management in chemical plants tends to be systematically organized based on elements of process safety management (PSM) systems. In June 2023, South Korea’s Ministry o...

In this work, we aimed to study the austenite grain growth behavior of an ultra-high-strength stainless steel within the temperature range of 900–1150 °C and holding time range of 0–120 min, using a metallographic microscope and metallographic image analysis software to perform a statistical analysis of grain size variation. The undissolved phases...

This study examines the research directions and potential of geotechnical engineering applications utilizing MICP. Due to the effective application of this technology in various geological reconstruction and engineering projects, coupled with the controllable and universal microbial induction process, it serves as an alternative green technology to...

Evaluation of economic well-being, influenced by current advances, is characterized as a multifaceted process designed to evaluate and analyze the determinants affecting a nation's quality of life and economic development. Therefore, the research explores institutional and macroeconomic aspects as contributing factors to gross national income (GNI)...

The five days Online Short Term Training Program (STTP) on “Advances in Materials Processing & Design (AMPD-2025)” is scheduled to be held during April 28 – May 02, 2025. The aim of the program provide a platform in which participants get knowledge about the advanced materials & design of machine elements as well its industrial applications. It wil...

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) currently represent one of the main sources for microplastics (MPs) and other emerging contaminants entering the environment. Coagulation is a longstanding and cost‐effective process designed to enhance the removal of colloidal particles and proved to be efficient in the abatement of MPs. The present study invest...

The IQ Consortium Uniformity Testing Working Group reviewed the current BU and CU testing practices among ten member companies. All ten companies presented their current approach to BU and CU testing at the three stages of Product Lifecycle Management: the Process Design Stage, the Process Qualification Stage, and the Continuous Verification Stage....

Predictive thermodynamic models are crucial for the early stages of product and process design. In this paper the performance of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) embedded into a relatively simple excess Gibbs energy model, the extended Margules model, for predicting vapor-liquid equilibrium is analyzed. By comparing its performance against the establis...

Microplastics (MPs) that are ubiquitous in aquatic environments and industrial wastewater streams have been identified as key hotspots of MP contamination. It is significantly more effective to remove MPs at these points before they enter municipal wastewater streams. This study is an environmental assessment of a novel pilot plant for the removal...

This chapter provides an in-depth exploration of the modeling of high-pressure manufacturing processes for low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer, utilizing free radical polymerization in stirred autoclave and tubular reactors. The chapter integrates conceptual development, modeling methodologies, illustrativ...

This study aims to explore lightweight and selective laser melting (SLM) process design for automobile wheels to improve the fuel economy and environmental sustainability of automobiles, which are studied using Altair Inspire and Simufact Additive software, respectively. First, a lightweight design is achieved while ensuring the safety factor throu...

In manufacturing processes, precise processing of materials is crucial for producing high-quality products, and in metal forming and machining, accurate process design that considers plastic deformation is essential. The plastic potential theory is a popular approach for determining the rate of plastic flow, particularly within the framework of the...

Vibration induced by blasting operations in underground excavations causes irreparable damage. The damages occurred by this undesirable phenomenon can stop the project for a long time and impose many costs on the project. Thus, identifying the existing risks and determining the factors affecting them will help to improve and advance operations. Thi...

Hydrogen fuel is widely received as the most promising clean fuel to substitute fossil fuel in power grid, home heating, and automotive industry to achieve net‐zero target. Photocatalysis hydrogen route, which fulfills the Gibbs free energy of water‐splitting reaction with solar energy, has been a promising approach to produce green hydrogen. Howev...

The imperative of a widespread, climate-neutral industrial transition necessitates adopting sustainable-by-design e-ammonia production practices. However, as is the case with early-stage technologies, its full potential in decarbonization and substituting conventional infrastructure at higher manufacturing readiness levels remains unknown. While le...

The design of precise filters based on lossless prototype circuits has been developed for a long time, and the application of LC ladder structures for that purpose is a well known technique. Such structures are two-port networks with transfer functions being the rational functions in the domain of the complex variable s. Hardware filter implementat...

This article overviews wheel hub design solutions and proposes a mathematical model of the dimensional chain and a tolerance formula for calculating axial clearance for a generation 2 wheel hub assembly with ball bearings. The dimensional chain analysis and its synthesis are carried out using three partial interchangeability methods. The possibilit...

Designing modern industrial systems requires balancing several competing objectives, such as profitability, resilience, and sustainability, while accounting for complex interactions between technological, economic, and environmental factors. Multi-objective optimization (MOO) methods are commonly used to navigate these tradeoffs, but selecting the...

There is growing recognition that managed retreat, also known as strategic relocation, could be an increasingly important adaptation measure in the face of climate change and rising natural hazard risk. However, managed retreat's potential benefits are limited by challenges in funding, negative participant experiences, public and political oppositi...

This study explores the sustainable design and optimization of processes for creating special cross-section welded profiles using the roll forming compression method. This technique is recognized for its efficiency in producing complex profiles while minimizing material waste, making it a valuable approach to environmentally friendly manufacturing....

Utilization of CO2 that is a greenhouse gas and released from industrial waste flue gases and H2 produced from renewable sources such biological fermentation; methanol can be produced at conditions further economic and environmental effective. This study is focusing on developing an efficient process technology that have the ability to use CO2 stre...

In the bulging-pressing forming process of heavy truck axle housing, the technology of hydroforming with axial-circumferential feeding solves the problems of large wall thickness thinning rate in the middle part and cracking on the rear cover. However, there exist some defects of depressions and squeezed marks on the upper side of the preformed tub...

Background Human pressures are driving the emergence of unprecedented, ‘novel’, ecological and environmental systems. The concept of novel (eco)systems is well accepted by the scientific community, but the use and measurement of novelty has outgrown initial definitions and critiques. There are still unresolved methodological and conceptual differen...

Aluminum alloy is one of the most promising lightweight materials. Despite this, there are still many limitations in the future use of aluminum alloys due to issues such as low hardness, extreme wear, and poor oxidation resistance at high temperatures. Laser cladding has the advantages of small heat-affected zone, low dilution rate, and good metall...

Electrospinning is a versatile technique for producing micro‐ and nanoscale fibers, offering vast potential to address critical market demands, particularly in biomedical engineering. However, the industrial adoption of electrospinning as a manufacturing technology faces significant hurdles, notably in achieving precise control over fiber propertie...

Cardanol is the renewable phenolic material that is isolated from Cashew Nut Shell liquid (CNSL). CNSL has created a lot of interest because of its special structural characteristics and adaptability. This review paper looks at the progress of cardanol metathesis, which shows a crucial chemical change that reorganizes carbon-carbon double bonds to...

The main focus of this research is to develop techniques in order to select the best option for refrigeration and liquefaction processes using double‐walled tanks for storage and transport by means of different simulations as well as critical fluid conditions. Process simulation, energy analysis and economic evaluations have been applied to find th...

This paper presents a brief roadmap to design and fabricate a final device corresponding to a ${1} \times {8}$ power splitter developed under the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. To describe the entire technological process for the power splitter, first, we begin by designing and validating our proposed photonic circuit through calculations usi...

Integrated electro-optical modulators with small footprints and low half-wave voltage are essential for applications requiring high integration density and low power consumption. Modulators based on thin-film lithium niobate technology have been proven to perform excellently, both in terms of low voltage and high bandwidth operation. However, achie...

Digitalisierung hat in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten die gesellschaftlichen Kommunikations- und Interaktionspraktiken grundlegend verändert. Vor dem Hintergrund umfassender digitaler Transformationsprozesse gewinnen digitalisierte Kontexte von Beratung immer mehr an Bedeutung. In der Regel wird Beratung als spezifische Interaktions- und Kommunikation...

Various factors need to be considered in process design optimization to implement the complex processes of CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). Here, bi-objective optimization of single-stage CO2 membrane separation was performed for two evaluation indexes: cost and CO2 emissions. During optimization, the process flow configuration was fix...

Across the food, beverages and cosmetics industries, the demand for bio-based pigments has risen, as the health and environmental risks of artificial colourants have become more evident. C-phycocyanin (C-PC), known for its vibrant blue colour and broad health benefits, has successfully found application in the food and beverages industries, but its...

The commercialization of electronic devices based on graphene has not yet been successful, even 20 years after its first isolation. To this end, the European Commission is supporting research toward establishing a European experimental pilot line for electronic and optoelectronic devices based on graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials,...

The design of transformers, a key component of radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs), is traditionally carried out through an iterative process involving extensive electromagnetic simulations. While process design kits (PDKs) offer tools based on interpolation or fitting equations to simplify parameter estimation, these tools are restricted t...

Carbon mineralization offers the potential to durably store gigatonne-scale CO2 emissions, with mining waste representing an especially promising feedstock due to its relatively small particle size, global availability, and opportunities for decarbonizing the mining sector. Despite significant research into the scale and potential of this technolog...

Spices and herbs are a crucial component of the global food industry, valued for their unique flavors, aromas, and bioactive properties. However, microbial contamination and quality degradation during production, storage, and distribution pose significant challenges. Ultraviolet (UV) and pulsed light (PL) processing have emerged as nonthermal techn...

In this work, we present a comprehensive Bayesian posterior analysis of what we term Poisson Hierarchical Indian Buffet Processes, designed for complex random sparse count species sampling models that allow for the sharing of information across and within groups. This analysis covers a potentially infinite number of species and unknown parameters,...

The decrease in the production capacity that had crippled business activities that mostly depend on soft drinks to run their daily activities was overcame by introducing leveraging machine learning to optimize production processes and capacity in the brewery industry, to perfectly achieve this, it was done in this approach, characterizing and esta...

The Delphi method, originally conceived in the 1950s by Dalkey and Helmer, has emerged as a robust and versatile technique for eliciting expert opinions to tackle complex and multifaceted problems. It was first implemented in a study conducted by the Rand Corporation, aimed at forecasting the impact of technology on warfare. Over the years, its fra...

Sub‐models representing transformation processes by microorganisms and hydrolases, a one‐dimensional (1‐D) biofilm, and a bioreactor were integrated to simulate organic‐matter fermentation and methane (CH4) production in an anaerobic moving bed biofilm reactor (AnMBBR). The integrated models correctly represented all experimental observations and i...

In the presented work, design conditions for breakwaters were derived from offshore climate reanalysis data (ERA5), which were downscaled to the nearshore by two numerical approaches, i.e., SwanOne and Delft3D, for different average and extreme wave and weather conditions. Model validation was performed using in situ measurements. The advantages an...

The field of psychology has rapidly transformed its open science practices in recent years. Yet there has been limited progress in integrating principles of diversity, equity and inclusion. In this Perspective, we raise the spectre of Questionable Generalisability Practices and the issue of MASKing (Making Assumptions based on Skewed Knowledge), ca...

A hemicellulose-first approach can offer advantages for biorefineries utilizing wheat straw as it combines lignocellulose fractionation and potentially higher added value from pentose-based hemicellulose. Therefore, a tailored hydrothermal concept for the production of xylooligosaccharides and xylan was investigated. The focus was on assessing the...

This study was conducted to explore the relationship between actors of education and employment systems in Nepali Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) system. The study measured the engagement of actors from both systems in the curriculum process: design, application, and feedback phases. Further, it explained why the actors of th...

In recent years, the development of alternative and more sustainable technologies for reinforced concrete structures has been attracting more and more interest, given the increasing need to reduce the impact that the construction sector has on the environment. Furthermore, 3D concrete printing (3DCP) technology falls into this context, allowing the...

Powder bed fusion (PBF) in metallic additive manufacturing offers the ability to produce intricate geometries, high-strength components, and reliable products. However, powder processing before energy-based binding significantly impacts the final product’s integrity. Processing maps guide efficient process design to minimize defects, but creating t...

This study proposes a model to evaluate the integrity of grain flow generated during the hot forging process of disks and introduces a methodology for its quantitative assessment. Grain flow represents the deformation paths of the material during forging and plays a critical role in determining the mechanical properties and structural reliability o...

Educators play a role in improving the quality of education. It includes a series of processes designed to ensure National Education Standards (SNP) are achieved, including program evaluation, student assessment, and effective curriculum development. With quality, educational institutions can ensure students get a quality learning experience, accor...

1. Abstract It is well known that VAM provides a good initial feasible solution, but it struggles with the maximum penalty frequently. The aim of this research paper to hybridization of VAM method incorporates with the lowest cost entry and the northwest corner rule before applying MODI for final optimization. This approach ensures lower computatio...

Indian Knowledge System has long since passed that stage and has received extended attention in the text books of several authors. Many of these books carry titles conveying the impression that they treat the subject in its entirety. Yet it is in vain that one searches their pages for any but the briefest possible scientific approaches. One might a...

Casting process design is crucial in manufacturing; however, traditional design workflows are time-consuming and seriously reliant on the experience and expertise of designers. To overcome these challenges, database technology has emerged as a promising solution to optimize the design process and enhance efficiency. However, conventional database s...

Lignocellulosic-based (LCB) bioethanol production is challenged by the presence of inhibitory compounds in pretreated LCB hydrolysates limiting productivity. The negative impact of these inhibitory compounds on LCB bioethanol production kinetics remain understudied. Hence, this study modelled the kinetics of bioethanol fermentation using nanoadsorb...

Replacing fossil technologies with renewable carbon-based technologies is of vital importance for the development of sustainable chemical processes in the future. However, impacts beyond climate change should be carefully evaluated to ensure that this transition to defossilized chemicals is truly sustainable. Here, we develop a framework for sustai...