Process Assessment (Health Care) - Science topic

Hi Rahul Jain , check this entry

@Inbook{Southerton2020,

author="Southerton, Clare",

editor="Schintler, Laurie A.

and McNeely, Connie L.",

title="Datafication",

bookTitle="Encyclopedia of Big Data",

year="2020",

publisher="Springer International Publishing",

address="Cham",

pages="1--4",

isbn="978-3-319-32001-4",

doi="10.1007/978-3-319-32001-4_332-1",

url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32001-4_332-1"

}

KR Rob

Venkatarao Bandla the Value for Money (VfM) performance assessment process for public sector infrastructure procurement can indeed face several barriers and limitations. Some of these challenges include:

Addressing these barriers and limitations requires concerted efforts to enhance transparency, accountability, and capacity in public sector infrastructure procurement. Strategies to overcome these challenges may include:

I think you can try this app:"Stava"

https://www.strava.com/

If you are a beginner, try first to understand their role in cyclic voltammetry. It is the same. A current is pumped between AUX(CE) and WORK until the potential of WORK reaches an imposed value. This potential is measured as a voltage between WORK and REF. Use a voltmeter to measure the voltage between WORK and AUX(CE): you will discover it is a sum of two voltages : WORK vs. REF and AUX(CE) vs. REF.

In EIS , commonly, the polarisation of WORK is OCP, i.e., the current between AUX(CE) and WORK is maintained at zero. A small perturbation, an AC signal of variable frequency) is then superimposed over the basic state.

Dear Dr. Peter Lerner ,

sorry for my delay in replying but, I did not find Dr. Koichi NIIHARA's article from 1986 but I found a paper from 1991:

-New Design Concept of Structural Ceramics - Ceramic Nanocomposites by Koichi NIIHARA -The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567, Japan in The Centennial Memorial Issue of The Ceramic Society of Japan (1991) Available at: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jcersj1988/99/1154/99_1154_974/_pdf

Best regards, Pierluigi Traverso

The best way to measure the extinction coefficient is to measure the absorbance of several solutions with a range of concentrations, then plot a graph of absorbance versus concentration. The slope of the graph is the extinction coefficient. Make sure the absorbance measurements are within the linear part of the instrument's dynamic range.

Salinization of soils leads to an increase in apparent permeability in the frequency range of TDR and to an overestimation of the moisture values measured by the TDR sensor. This increase is highly dependent on the clay content in the soil and other factors. Therefore, for reliable measurement of moisture, it is necessary to pre-calibrate the TDR sensor by comparing its readings with the moisture values found by the thermogravimetric method. With great salinization, the TDR may not work due to strong pulse attenuation.

Thanks to all

" We are actually giving UV to biological organism (insect)."

so I recommend to mesure the dose not the intensity. Be aware that at the surface of the earth there is no UVC. UV start at 290nm

Regards

Sir Rick Manner, i mean of equilibrium is the "equality" established between the controlled and experimental group, since the study will be dealing with pupils, and with the notion that no 2 individuals are alike...the previous approach will be to use the age and sex only

Hi Christopher,

Thanks for your interest. The project just launched in December, so we haven't started the fieldwork yet. We're certainly happy to keep you updated as the proejct progresses. For now, the team have some papers out on datafication in education, here: https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cjem20/current?nav=tocList

Full access to editorial (Juliane Jarke and Andreas Breiter) here:

and a preprint of my article on edtechs, data and equity here: https://osf.io/drbhn/

All best,

Felicitas

Thank You @ Cunha and Iqbal

Dear Ja Ha,

1) Fine (I will try to use a glass container next time.)

2) Sorption is, actually, a complex time dependent process(es), having multiple TC(s) for water's percolation threshold, to meet the metal electrodes.

a) I presume a TC_maximum regime^[1] is near some hours, for your case(s);

b) improve your drying courses (proceedings on the empty container, in order to minimize humidity's side effects, towards deleting electrodes' memory): a good performance might be to: heat it, at least, overnight, under vacuum, synergy.

Dear Dr. Jumma

Toxicity of Nanoparticles

Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are commercially produced materials having at least one dimension less than 100 nm. Nano-technology has brought a great revolution in the industrial sector. Due to their distinctive physicochemical and electrical properties, nano-sized materials have gained considerable attraction in the field of electronics, biotechnology, and aerospace engineering. In the field of medicine NPs are being employed as a novel delivery system for drugs, proteins, DNA, and monoclonal antibodies. So far, NPs have been prepared from metal and non-metal, polymeric materials and bioceramics. The majority of NPs having medical applications are liposomes, polyethylene glycol, and dendrimers . Humans are exposed to various nano-scale materials since childhood, and the new emerging field of nanotechnology has become another threat to human life. Because of their small size, NPs find their way easily to enter the human body and cross the various biological barriers and may reach the most sensitive organs. Scientists have proposed that NPs of size less than 10 nm act similar to a gas and can enter human tissues easily and may disrupt the cell normal biochemical environment.

Aluminum-based NPs contribute 20% to all nano-sized chemicals. aluminum-based NPs are being used in many areas such as fuel cells, polymers, paints, coatings, textiles, biomaterials etc .

The aluminum oxide NPs, at concentrations of 10, 50,100, 200, and 400 µg/mL possess no significant toxic effect on viability of mammalian cells. Balasubramanyam et al have reported that aluminum oxide NPs (30-40 nm) possess dose-dependent genotoxic properties. They assessed genotoxicity with comet assay and micronucleus test using rat blood cells. The result of another study using mouse lymphoma cells line also suggest that aluminum oxide NPs (<50 nm) cause genotoxic effects in the form of DNA damage without any mutagenic effects. There are very few in vivo studies which have reflected on this aspect of NPs.

Gold NPs have very unique physicochemical properties. They have the capability of easy functionalization; binding to amine and thiol groups. All these characteristics possessed by gold NPs pave the way for surface modification, and are being investigated as drug carriers in cancer and thermal therapy, and as contrast agents. Gold NPs are considered to be relatively safe, as its core is inert and non-toxic. In one experimental study, several gold NPs (4, 12, and 18 nm) with different caping agents have been investigated for any cytotoxicity against leukemia cells line. The results of this report suggest that spherical gold NPs enter the cell and are non-toxic to cellular function. The variation in toxicity with respect to different cell lines has been observed in human lung and liver cancer cell line.

Copper oxide NPs are used in semiconductors, anti-microbial reagents, heat transfer fluids, and intrauterine contraceptive devices. Experimentally, copper nano-materials have been documented to possess toxic effects on the liver and kidney. Nano-copper has resulted severe impairment in liver, kidney, and spleen in experimental animals. After oral administration and interacting with gastric juice, highly reactive ionic copper is formed, which is then accumulated in the kidney of exposed animals. In one in vitro study, copper oxide NPs (50 nm), have been reported as being genotoxic and cytotoxic along with disturbing cell membrane integrity and inducing oxidative stress.

silver has long been known as an anti-bacterial substance. Its NPs are being used in a wide range of commercial products. Silver NPs are used in the form of wound dressings, coating of surgical instruments and prostheses. They enter human body via different ways and accumulate in different organs. Experimentally, silver NPs have been detected in various organs, including lungs, spleen, kidney, liver, and brain after exposing the rats to silver-based NPs either via inhalation or by subcutaneous injection.

NPs produced from zinc oxide have many applications and are being used in paints, wave filters, UV detectors, gas sensors, sunscreens, and many personal care products. On the basis of increased use in many areas, human exposure to zinc oxide NPs is imminent. Zinc oxide NPs have been studied for any possible toxic effects on bacteria and mammalian cells. Cytotoxicity, cell membrane damage, and increased oxidative stress have been reported in various mammalian cell lines as the most common toxic effect of zinc-based nanomaterials. in vitro study, zinc oxide NPs have been accounted for change in cell morphology, DNA damage, alteration in mitochondrial activity in human hepatocytes, and embryonic kidney cells.

Iron oxide NPs have been used in biomedical, drug delivery, and diagnostic fields. These NPs bio accumulate in the liver and other reticuloendothelial system organs. In vivo studies have shown that after entering the cells, iron oxide NPs remain in cell organelles (endosomes/lysosomes), release into cytoplasm after decomposing, and contribut to cellular iron poll. Magnetic iron oxide NPs have been observed to accumulate in the liver, spleen, lungs, and brain after inhalation.

Titanium oxide is chemically an inert compound, but studies have shown that NPs of titanium dioxide possess some toxic health effects in experimental animals, including DNA damage as well as genotoxicity and lung inflammation. Titanium dioxide NPs (<100 nm) induce oxidative stress and form DNA adducts. Besides genotoxicity, titanium dioxide NPs (5-200 nm) possess toxic effects on immune function, liver, kidney, spleen, myocardium, glucose, and lipids homeostasis in experimental animals.

From application point of view, the carbon-based nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes are the most attractive and are widely used nanomaterials. Carbon-based nanomaterials have been reported in literature as cytotoxic agents. Magrez et al.. have reported that carbon-based nanomaterials possess size-dependent cytotoxicity. These investigators have tested various forms of carbon NPs on lung cancer cells

The uses of silica NPs have many advantages in drug delivery systems. silica NPs have been reported as easily functionalized drug carriers. Besides, having application in drug delivery systems, silicon dioxide NPs are also present in ambient air comprising of 8% of all air born NPs. Previously, nanosilica was thought as a highly biocompatible material in drug delivery systems, but according to recent reports, NPs of silica cause the generation of ROS and subsequent oxidative stress.

I hope you find it useful

Digit Cancellation Test:

Zazzo R. Test des deux barrages. Actualités pédagogiques et psychologiques . Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Delachaux et Nestlé; 1974.

Pattern Comparison Test:

Salthouse TA Babcock RL. Decomposing adult age differences in working memory. Development Psychol . 1991;27:763–776.

Regards

Dear Oscar

I have a very different kind of answer for you. When a particle or particles wavefunction is in a superposition state (and/or a mixture state) theyit will evolve in complex ways. Keeping them in superposition is the hard part. To collapse to a pure state, just make a measurement. For example, if you measured the total angular momentum of your system, then you'll never get a number that isn't a half-integer number of HBar. It is always exactly one of: 1/2 HBAR, 1 HBAR, 3/2 HBAR, 2 HBAR, ...

To have an exact value for the angular momentum means that you are in a pure state of angular momentum. If you measure the energy, then afterward the state will be in a pure state with energy exactly N x HBAR x OMEGA. No energies in between means you're in one state or the other, not a superposition any more. That is, a pure state.

So, starting in a complex state (superposition or mixture) many people believe that there is "something" out there that causes wavefunctions to spontaneously collapse. No one knows how, or even why, but it happens. Complete collapse leads to a pure state. Incomplete collapse (not all measureables are detected) results in something closer to a pure state than the one you started with.

Dear Gebregziabhar, Industry-Academia-Government collaborative research is the need of the hour, but how many campuses use this mechanism and involve their students in order to study government led policies/schemes or projects? I agree with the point raised regarding Government's own agenda about policies and schemes, but is this not a job for researchers to study and suggest the theoretical flaws in policies or schemes which are initiated by Governments.

Sharing questionaire with right resources and sharing it in right groups / forums will lead to better responses

Hello

The author is a ResearchGate member; it might be worth contacting her:

Very best wishes

Mary 

This article may help

Hibbard JH, Collins PA, Mahoney E, Baker LH. The development and testing of a measure assessing clinician beliefs about patient self-management. Health Expect. 2009;13:65–72.