Probability - Science topic

For the first time, sucralose cathodic electrochemical determination, assisted by the safranin-modified electrode in acidic solutions, has been theoretically described. The correspondent mathematical model analysis has shown that the steady-state stability range is wider than in most systems of electrochemical determination over the pyridinic nitro...

The existing PIN models impose a restriction on the number of possible intensity pairs. However, our investigation shows that the number of empirical intensity pairs is significantly more than the one these models assume, and this number changes daily. Therefore, we propose a new model which, by using the change-point detection technique, can adjus...

We show the convolution equivalence property of univariate tempered stable distributions in the sense of Rosiński (2007). This makes rigorous various classic heuristic arguments on the asymptotic similarity between the probability and Lévy densities of such distributions. Some specific examples from the literature are discussed.

We discuss qubit-state superpositions in the probability representation of quantum mechanics. We study probability distributions describing separable qubit states. We consider entangled states on the example of a system of two qubits (Bell states) using the corresponding superpositions of the wave functions associated with these states. We establis...

We show that for any set \(A\subseteq [0,1]^n\) with \(\text {Vol}(A)\ge 1/2\) there exists a line \(\ell \) such that the one-dimensional Lebesgue measure of \(\ell \cap A\) is at least \(\Omega ( n^{1/4} )\). The exponent 1/4 is tight. More generally, for a probability measure \(\mu \) on \({\mathbb {R}} ^n\) and \(0<a<1\) define where \(|\cdot |...

We formulate and study a two-player duel game as a terminal payoffs stochastic game. Players P1,P2 are standing in place and, in every turn, each may shoot at the other (in other words, abstention is allowed). If Pn shoots Pm (m≠n), either they hit and kill them (with probability pn) or they miss and Pm is unaffected (with probability 1−pn). The pr...

This is a review of Representable Markov categories and comparison of statistical experiments in categorical probability by Fritz, Tobias(A-INSB-DM); Gonda, Toma?(3-PITP); Perrone, Paolo(1-MIT-NDM); Fjeldgren Rischel, Eigil(4-STRA-NDM)

This paper analyzes a scenario in which two bidders compete for two objects sold at two second-price auctions. Each bidder’s valuations of the two objects are affiliated, and participating in each auction is costly. Bidders make their participation decisions for the two auctions sequentially, in that they decide whether to enter the second auction...

Russia surely belongs today to the club of key global powers having powerful nuclear weapons, a growing economy, and perspective economic capacities but what is most important and different to others, Russia possesses almost endless natural resources (many of them are probably still even not discovered).

We study reflected backward stochastic differential equations (RBSDEs) on the probability space equipped with a Brownian motion. The main novelty of the paper lies in the fact that we consider the following weak assumptions on the data: barriers are optional of class (D) satisfying weak Mokobodzki’s condition, generator is continuous and non-increa...

INTRODUÇÃO: Presentemente, a sociedade acatou uma cultura que vê a medicina como uma solução rápida para todo problema. Estudantes em todo o mundo buscam uma variedade de substâncias para melhorar o foco e a concentração, visando a ascensão das notas. No ambiente acadêmico, o envolvimento dos psicoestimulantes é ainda maior devido à alta carga horá...

This paper explores the application of the Temporal Graph Network (TGN) model to predict the receiver and outcome of a pass in soccer. We construct two TGN models that estimate receiver selection probabilities (RSP) and receiver prediction probabilities (RPP) to predict the intended and actual receivers of a given pass attempt, respectively. Then,...

This article is an extension of the compound Poisson risk model with a partial dividend payment strategy to shareholders and a dependence between claim amounts and inter-claim times through the Spearman copula. We find the integro-differential equation of the Gerber-Shiu function associated with this risk model. Received: August 2, 2023Revised: Aug...

Women Empowerment is a strategy in which women challenge the existing norms and tradition, to effectively promote their wellbeing. The participation of women in Self-Help Group (SHGs) made a significant impact on their empowerment in both social and economic aspects. This study addresses women empowerment through SHGs in Uttar Pradesh.

The discovery of Eurasian Tree Sparrows in Sri Lanka in the new Port City. Probably new ship-assisted colonisers

Assume we are given a nonnegative definite curve γ. A. Lastname's classification of finitely smooth, Jordan-Wiener, meager classes was a milestone in singular probability. We show that every differentiable algebra is discretely Σ-regular. Therefore it is well known that Poncelet's conjecture is true in the context of rings. The work in [22, 22] did...

Este trabajo aborda cuestiones relacionadas con el uso de los futuros y condicionales para expresar probabilidad o conjetura en español y griego moderno. Es un fenómeno gramatical registrable en ambas lenguas, no obstante, en el campo de la lingüística contrastiva se ha abordado de manera muy esporádica (p.ej. Kampouri, 2021; Leontaridi, 2018, 2019...

A determinação de vazões mínimas de referência anual e sazonal contribui para a melhor alocação da água, minimizando conflitos de uso, e possibilitando definir limites outorgáveis baseados em critérios de risco. Este trabalho objetivou analisar a aplicação das funções de distribuição de probabilidade Weibull (dois e três parâmetros), Gumbel, Log-No...

We read with interest the article by Camargo-Coronel et al. reporting on a systematic review of patients with idiopathic, inflammatory myopathy developing after anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations.

In many research fields, statistical probability models are often used to analyze real-world data. However, data from many fields, such as the environment, economics, and health care, do not necessarily fit traditional models. New empirical models need to be developed to improve the fit. In this study, we investigated a further extension of the qua...

La aftosis compleja o bipolar comprende la manifestación conjunta de úlceras orales y genitales. Se comunican dos casos: el primero corresponde a una mujer de 29 años de edad con antecedente de úlceras orales y genitales recurrentes, dolorosas, sin comorbilidades asociadas, quien mostró alivio importante con corticoesteroides tópicos y sisté- micos...

We thank Finsterer et al. for the attention paid to our publication; we recognize the validity of the points mentioned in their letter to the editor and will try to answer the observations made.

Experimentação de matérias-primas e a probabilidade de características térmicas serem determinantes nas propriedades físicas em confecção de repertórios líticos. Experimentación de materias primas y la probabilidad de que las características térmicas sean determinantes en las propiedades físicas en la confección de repertorios líticos.

In legislative bargaining, the proposer is often able to extract a greater proportion of the surplus. However, a higher likelihood of being selected as the proposer can backfire, as it may reduce the probability that the agent is included in a winning coalition. We experimentally test the theoretical prediction of potentially negative returns to re...

Experiment Sample space Events Probability Independent events Random variables Distributions Measure of central tendency Measure of discrepancy

In this paper, a new point process is introduced. It combines the nonhomogeneous Poisson process with the generalized Polya process (GPP) studied in recent literature. In reliability interpretation, each event (failure) from this process is minimally repaired with a given probability and GPP-repaired with the complementary probability. Characteriza...

We study the probability of an undetected error for general q-ary codes. We give upper and lower bounds on this quantity, by the Linear Programming and the Polynomial methods, as a function of the length, size, and minimum distance. Sharper bounds are obtained in the important special case of binary Hamming codes. Finally, several examples are give...

Reporte de la exitosa extirpación en Cuba de una colonia del coral Unomia stolonifera, especie exótica-invasora. En la acción de descubrimiento, estudio y extirpación de la colonia participaron investigadores de varias instituciones, así como grupos de buzos aficionados y pescadores, que intercambian información a través de la “Red de Blanqueamient...

In the present paper review of thermodynamics of solids, liquids and gasses are presented. The correction to zeroth, first, second and third laws of thermodynamics are presented. The thermodynamics laws like Boyle's, Charle's Gay-Lussac's Law and Combined and Ideal gas laws are proved to be wrong through reasoning and analysis and also from calcula...

Este trabajo aborda cuestiones relacionadas con el uso de los futuros y condicionales para expresar probabilidad o conjetura en español y griego moderno. Es un fenómeno gramatical registrable en ambas lenguas, no obstante, en el campo de la lingüística contrastiva se ha abordado de manera muy esporádica (p.ej. Kampouri, 2021; Leontaridi, 2018, 2019...

The starting point of this paper is the empirically determined ability to reason in natural language by employing probable sentences. A sentence is understood to be logically probable if its schema, expressed as a formula in the language of classical propositional calculus, takes the logical value of truth for the majority of Boolean valuations, i....

Until recently, six species of silverfish have been reported from the Netherlands. Four of these are associated with humans and spend their lives predominantly indoors. Some silverfish species are obligatory myrmecophilous, meaning they live inside ant nests. In this paper we present a new silverfish species for the Netherlands, and the first myrme...

Reporte de la exitosa extirpación en Cuba de una colonia del coral Unomia stolonifera, especie exótica-invasora En la acción de descubrimiento, estudio y extirpación de la colonia participaron investigadores de varias instituciones, así como grupos de buzos aficionados y pescadores, que intercambian información a través de la “Red de Blanqueamiento...

We obtain asymptotic approximations for the probability density function of the product of two correlated normal random variables with non-zero means and arbitrary variances. As a consequence, we deduce asymptotic approximations for the tail probabilities and quantile functions of this distribution, as well as an asymptotic approximation for the wi...

We consider an Erdös–Rényi graph \(\mathbb {G}(n,p)\) on n vertices with edge probability p such that and derive the upper tail large deviations of \(\lambda (\mathbb {G}(n,p))\), the largest eigenvalue of its adjacency matrix. Within this regime we show that, for \(p \gg n^{-2/3}\) the \(\log \)-probability of the upper tail event of \(\lambda (\m...

The following research paper, highlights the post-pandemic scenario in India, its impact and probable solutions to tackle this problem.

La Strategia Biodiversità Svizzera prevede la conservazione delle specie minacciate principalmente mediante la protezione e il ripristino degli ambienti. Tuttavia, in alcuni casi, sono necessarie misure specifiche come la traslocazione e la coltivazione ex situ. Ne è un esempio una popolazione locale di aristolochia clematite (Aristolochia clematit...

El derecho de la robótica y de la inteligencia artificial (IA) es un área emergente del derecho que trata de abordar las complejas cuestiones éticas, legales y sociales que surgen con el desarrollo y despliegue de robots y sistemas de IA. �Estas cuestiones apenas rascan la superficie del derecho de la robótica y de la IA. A medida que la tecnología...

We prove that any strongly mixing action of a countable abelian group on a probability space has higher-order mixing properties. This is achieved via the utilization of $\mathcal R$-limits, a notion of convergence which is based on the classical Ramsey theorem. $\mathcal R$-limits are intrinsically connected with a new combinatorial notion of large...

In this study, modular optimization of time-varying convex functions is discussed. Under the assumption that the time variation is defined by transitions between a finite number of convex functions that differ from each other, a modular algorithm is proposed that can perform interactive optimization of these finite number of convex functions withou...

In diesem Beitrag soll die Frage beantwortet werden, ob es einzelne Fächer im Informatikstudium gibt, die besonders schwer sind – sogenannte Problemfächer. Dazu werden zuerst vorhandene Daten und Studien ausgewertet. Auf Grundlage von Studien über Studienabbrecher*innen in der Informatik, Wahrnehmung von Dozent*innen und Student*innen sowie Notensp...

Simulation of ADHD and typical patientes before and after treatment

Introducción: Este artículo, es un producto parcial del proyecto de investigación “Educación e Igualdad” del grupo de Investigaciones PROCARIBE, en el marco de la línea de investigación denominada Economía de la Educación, y aborda el problema de la desigualdad educativa en Colombia. Este es uno de los principales retos para el Plan de Desarrollo N...

La pandemia del Covid-19 ha acelerado el ingreso de consumidores al comercio electrónico (e-commerce), lo cual ha llegado a ser una oportunidad para expandir el mercado de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (PyMES). La presente investigación fue de carácter no experimental, de tipo descriptivo-correlacional con diseño transversal. Los principales hal...

I argue that black hole low-mass X-ray binaries (BH LMXBs) are very unlikely to be physically associated with supernova remnants (SNRs). The timescales of BH LMXBs are so much longer than those of SNRs, that there is only a 0.2% chance of any BH LMXB being identified within its natal SNR. However, the probability of a BH LMXB being projected within...

We show that the multiplicity distribution of photons produced with enhanced void probability in inelastic proton-proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s} =$$ s = 900 GeV, 2.76 TeV, and 7 TeV, measured at forward rapidities by the ALICE experiment at LHC, can be described by the geometric Poisson distribution. The traditionally used negative binomial distri...

We study the problem of testing identity of a collection of unknown quantum states given sample access to this collection, each state appearing with some known probability. We show that for a collection of d -dimensional quantum states of cardinality N , the sample complexity is O ( N d / ϵ 2 ) , with a matching lower bound, up to a multiplicative...

Rumah Sakit Lotim Medical Center merupakan Rumah Sakit Swasta yang teletak di Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Aspek kepuasan pelanggan dapat menjadi indikator kualitas produk barang atau jasa yang ditawarkan sehingga produsen dapat terus meningkatkan mutu produk dan layanannya agar kepuasan dapat tercapai. Salah satu aspek layanan di Rumah Sakit yang dapat...

Cada vez más personas optan o se ven obligadas a vivir en ciudades. Por ello, nos parece importante ahondar en tres cuestiones definitorias del devenir de estos espacios. Inicialmente, construir una filosofía de la ciudad para, en un segundo momento, comprender y adaptarse a fenómenos recientes que ya nos están envolviendo y hasta marginando: la me...

Generally, during the execution of the daily activity schedule, there is a mismatch between the plan and the reality. Faced with unexpected events, which affect the schedule, individuals need to reschedule their activities. In such situations, time is a crucial factor when rescheduling, as people feel time pressure because of the time constraints....

The scaling limit of crossing probabilities is believed to satisfy a conformal mapping formula, called Cardy's formula, in two-dimensional percolation at the criticality. The formula has been confirmed to hold for site percolation on the equilateral triangular lattice. In this paper, we show that Cardy's formula could not hold for some two-dimensio...

The $m$-neighbor complex of a graph is the simplicial complex in which faces are sets of vertices with at least $m$ common neighbors. We consider these complexes for Erdos-Renyi random graphs and find that for certain explicit families of parameters the resulting complexes are with high probability $(t-1)$-dimensional with all $(t-2)$-faces and eac...

It is widely known that structural probability intervals are usually just as effective as Bayesian probability intervals. However, the literature didn’t contain point estimation for the distribution parameters. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to find the structural point estimate for the Weibull distribution parameters based on the ge...

This paper provides the summary of cryptography & the areas where it is used or applied. Information Security is the method or the process to secure the information or data from unauthorized access. Cryptography is one of the methods to protect the data by making the data unreadable from all except users belongs to the category of sender or receive...

p>The main subject of this work is to make a detailed comparison between the performance of free-space optical (FSO) and terahertz (THz) links under different conditions. </p

p>The main subject of this work is to make a detailed comparison between the performance of free-space optical (FSO) and terahertz (THz) links under different conditions. </p

A course in probability, using MATLAB

A course in probability, using EXCEL.

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Curso: Teoría de Probabilidad. Independencia Libro: A Probability Path, Cap. 4 - Resnik - 2005.

This paper provides the summary of cryptography & the areas where it is used or applied. Information Security is the method or the process to secure the information or data from unauthorized access. Cryptography is one of the methods to protect the data by making the data unreadable from all except users belongs to the category of sender or receive...

Inspired by the construction of the F{\"o}llmer process, we construct a unit-time flow on the Euclidean space, termed the F{\"o}llmer flow, whose flow map at time 1 pushes forward a standard Gaussian measure onto a general target measure. We study the well-posedness of the F{\"o}llmer flow and establish the Lipschitz property of the flow map at tim...

We introduce new method for generating correlated or uncorrelated Bernoulli random variables by using the binary expansion of a continuous random variable with support on the unit interval. We show that when this variable has a symmetric probability density function around 12 , its binary expansion provides equiprobable bits over {0, 1}. In additio...

For a locally finite set in $${{{\mathbb {R}}}}^2$$ R 2 , the order- k Brillouin tessellations form an infinite sequence of convex face-to-face tilings of the plane. If the set is coarsely dense and generic, then the corresponding infinite sequences of minimum and maximum angles are both monotonic in k . As an example, a stationary Poisson point pr...

The isomorphism problem for infinite finitely presented groups is probably the hardest among standard algorithmic problems in group theory. It has been completely solved only in the classes of nilpotent groups, hyperbolic groups, and limit groups. In this short paper, we address the problem of isomorphism to particular groups, including free groups...

In this paper we establish limit theorems for power variations of stochastic processes controlled by fractional Brownian motions with Hurst parameter $H\leq 1/2$. We show that the power variations of such processes can be decomposed into the mix of several weighted random sums plus some remainder terms, and the convergences of power variations are...

We consider the problem of computing a function of $n$ variables using noisy queries, where each query is incorrect with some fixed and known probability $p \in (0,1/2)$. Specifically, we consider the computation of the $\mathsf{OR}$ function of $n$ bits (where queries correspond to noisy readings of the bits) and the $\mathsf{MAX}$ function of $n$...

La percepción hacia las tareas evaluativas en la clase de inglés puede impactar el desempeño académico de los estudiantes. El presente estudio de tipo cuantitativo, de diseño no experimental y de corte transversal realizado en Chile, tuvo como objetivo conocer las percepciones de un grupo de estudiantes del último año de secundaria sobre las tareas...

A prevenção e a defesa contra eventos hidrológicos de origem natural representam um dos objetos da Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos, estabelecida pela Lei N° 9433/1997 e conhecida como Lei das Águas. A primeira grande cheia no estado do Amazonas aconteceu em 1953 e causou grandes transtornos e prejuízos, principalmente à população de baixo po...

An interview given to the Radio of the Church of Greece (89,5 MHz FM) on 06 Sep 2023 IN GREEK about the Ionian Philosophers and Technology. It approaches the probable influence of Technology on the thought and theoretical models of the Ionian Philosophers (Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, etc).

Measurements map the value of a target observable onto a meter shift, resulting in a meter read-out that combines the initial statistics of the meter state with the quantum statistics of the target observable. Even in the limit of weak measurement interactions, some information about the fluctuations of the target observable can be extracted from t...

El número de manuscritos bíblicos hispánicos en lengua vulgar conservados es pequeño en comparación con lo que sucede, por ejemplo, con la tradición francesa. Aunque no imposible, no es muy probable que aparezcan muchos más testimonios íntegros, lo que da un gran valor a los fragmentos de biblias que fueron desmembradas durante los siglos XV-XVI pa...

We give reciprocal versions of the Sclove et al. and Feller inequalities for moments of nonnegative random variables. Our results apply to any nonnegative random variable. The strongest assumption is that the moments involved must be finite. Thus, the results obtained also hold for any empirical distribution with nonnegative data. These facts allow...

In this article, we study stochastic orders over an interval. Mainly, we focus on orders related to the Laplace transform. The results are then applied to obtain a bound for heavy-tailed distributions and are illustrated by some examples. We also indicate how these ordering relationships can be adapted to the classical risk model in order to derive...

A single specimen of the xanthid Liomera rugipes was collected in May 2023 in the waters off Alexandria, Egypt, with a trammel net at 15 m of depth. The occurrence of this crab is reported for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea and adds a new In-do-West Pacific crab to the non-indigenous biota of the basin, probably introduced via the Suez Can...

In this article, we start by describing one of the most characteristic properties of time: “time can never decrease”. From this property, numerous authors have concluded that irreversible processes, that always proceed in one direction, must be related to time’s arrow. It is shown that while time’s decrease can never occur, irreversible processes c...

Cartels are often fought by granting leniency, in the form of forgiveness of penalties, to whistle-blowers. This study employs a laboratory experiment to compare leniency programs that differ with respect to fine size and whether a second whistle-blower may apply for leniency. The results show that leniency does not affect the probability that a ca...

Bayesian statistics models unknown parameters as random variables with known prior distributions, with the goal of obtaining estimates that probabilistically approach the true parameter values during parameter estimation. In the context of hypothesis testing, these unknown parameters assume a finite set of values, each associated with competing hyp...

This article studies a planet whose orbit intersects the orbit of a small comet’s fragment chain. A simple, general, multi-generational model of comet fragmentation and fragment separation is developed, yielding the fragment distribution for each generation of the comet’s fragment chain. The fragment chain is used in analysis of the planet’s chain...

Este estudo tem por finalidade principal propor uma introdução e discursão do tema criptografia nas aulas de probabilidade do Ensino Médio por meio do conceito de Sigilo Perfeito, cuja teoria é definida com base em probabilidade condicional. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa com o intuito de fortalecer e evidenciar a importância da temática pro...

Os árbitros são agentes esportivos que contribuem para a promoção do fair play. Esse estudo tem por objetivo categorizar as classes de comportamentos que compõem a classe geral “manejar comportamentos antiesportivos e de fair play em atletas de Futsal”. Empregou-se como fonte de informação o Código de Ética da Confederação Brasileira de Futsal e o...

El manejo local de las quemaduras debe orientarse a estimular una adecuada cicatrización, al crear un microambiente de la herida que permita cicatrización óptima con mínimo dolor y efectos colaterales; también, disminuir la probabilidad de infección, ocasionar mínimas molestias para el paciente y facilitar el cuidado; sin embargo, no existe un cons...

For each countable residually finite group $G$, we present examples of irregular Toeplitz subshifts in $\{0,1\}^G$ that are topo-isomorphic extensions of its maximal equicontinuous factor. To achieve this, we first establish sufficient conditions for Toeplitz subshifts to have invariant probability measures as limit points of periodic invariant mea...

O exame ultrassonográfico fornece informações pertinentes sobre a tireoide, como as características da glândula e de estruturas adjacentes, e trata-se de um dos primeiros exames complementares na pesquisa do nódulo tireoidiano. A ultrassonografia é um procedimento não invasivo e de considerável sensibilidade, avalia as particularidades de cada imag...

Bullish and bearish phenomena characterize the development of the capital market. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and analyze bullish and bearish conditions in the Indonesian capital market to formulate an optimal portfolio. The sample consisted of 20 selected companies based on their substantial market capitali- zation. The results showed...

The purpose of this study is to determine the various degrees of learning preferences in order to define various learning styles that are applicable to different kinds of people. To determine an individual's preference levels, a measurement scale based on ordinal scale has been utilised. Very rarely, average level, and very regularly are the three...

Les hypersignaux de la substance blanche (HSB) dont l'origine vasculaire est probable sont l'un des signes les plus caractéristiques de la maladie des petits vaisseaux cérébraux. Leur découverte fortuite sur une IRM cérébrale est fréquente chez le sujet âgé avec les séquences pondérées en T2/FLAIR. Les HSB ont une certaine valeur pronostique, notam...

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh komunikasi pemasaran dan suasana café terhadap loyalitas pelanggan pada Café Niar Dy di Pelabuhan Tanjung Ringgit Kota Palopo. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode analisis regresi berganda dengan jumlah sampel 50 responden. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang dihasilkan dari penelitian lapangan s...

Graviton is a particle associated with the elementary field. Its main characteristics are: inextricably linked to the matter that created it; adhesive; vortex-like in shape; like a matter-deficient hole in electromagnetic matter, especially at its surface; plays a fundamental role in the emission and capture of light quanta. This means that its exi...

Let c = 0. I. Liouville's extension of Wiener, simply countable planes was a milestone in abstract probability. We show that ∥O∥ < G. Here, solvability is trivially a concern. On the other hand, in [27], it is shown that ∥Q∥ < ∥h q,T ∥. [51] [31] [33] [? ] [35] [37] [36] [32] [9] [30] [34] [17] [14] [22]

In this paper, we consider a two-dimension symmetric random walk with reset. We give, in the first part, some results about the distribution of every component. In the second part, we give some results about the final altitude Zn. Finally, we analyse the statistical properties of NnX, the number of resets (the number of returns to state 1 after n s...