Publications related to Primates (10,000)
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This paper discusses the use of the terms symbols, symbolism, and symbolling in the archaeological literature. The lack of definition and any grounding in cognitive theory makes identifying prehistoric symbols and symbolling more art than science. A multiplicity of claims from the literature highlights the tendency to claim almost any form from any...
En 2023, l'éthologue Cédric Sueur a mené une étude sur les comportements culturels des singes "Saru" du Japon, illustrant la transmission de traditions propres à chaque groupe de macaques. Spécialisé dans l'étude des primates, il s'intéresse particulièrement aux macaques japonais, notant leur statut ambigu au Japon où ils sont tantôt vénérés, tantô...
L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer la perception que les étudiants de l’Université de Kinshasa ont de la
pandémie à coronavirus. Pour ce faire, un questionnaire d’enquête a été administré à un échantillon de 369
étudiants finalistes de l’Université de Kinshasa inscrits pour l’année académique 2019-2020. Les résultats obtenus
attestent le...
We are a social species consisting of cooperating, autonomous individuals. 'Autonomous' in our context means that we each have minds of our own that dictate our behaviour. 'Cooperating' is an umbrella word that includes competition. Our mastery of the environment and biological success resulted from an evolutionary breakthrough: communication by la...
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A same-day PET imaging agent capable of measuring PD-L1 status in tumors is an important tool for optimizing PD-1 and PD-L1 treatments. Herein we describe the discovery and evaluation of a novel, fluorine-18 labeled macrocyclic peptide-based PET ligand for imaging PD-L1.
[18F]BMS-986229 was synthesized via copper mediated click-chemistry to yield a...
Placentophagia, the postpartum consumption of the afterbirth by a mother, is widespread among eutherian mammals and linked to both endocrinological and ecological advantages. However, its occurrence in urban-dwelling arboreal primates, including the genus Alouatta, is not well represented in the literature. This is the first recorded instance of di...
Neoprosthenorchis bifestoonatus n. gen., n. sp. (Oligacanthorhynchidae) is described from a bobcat, Lynx rufus (Schreber)
(Felidae) in Louisiana. Neoprosthenorchis is the third of the genera comprising the Prosthenorchis Travassos, 1915 complex
and the first in North America. The other two genera are Prosthenorchis from primates in South America...
The neotenous, or delayed, development of primate neurons, particularly human ones, is thought to underlie primate-specific abilities like cognition. We tested whether synaptic development follows suit—would synapses, in absolute time, develop slower in longer-lived, highly cognitive species like non-human primates than in shorter-lived species wit...
Human newborns are considered altricial compared with other primates because they are relatively underdeveloped at birth. However, in a broader comparative context, other mammals are more altricial than humans. It has been proposed that altricial development evolved secondarily in humans due to obstetrical or metabolic constraints, and in associati...
Macrophages orchestrate tissue immunity from the initiation and resolution of antimicrobial immune responses to the repair of damaged tissue. Murine studies demonstrate that tissue-resident macrophages are a heterogenous mixture of yolk sac-derived cells that populate the tissue before birth and bone-marrow-derived replacements recruited in adult t...
Unravelling how gene regulatory networks are remodelled during evolution is crucial to understand how species adapt to environmental changes. We addressed this question for X-chromosome inactivation, a process essential to female development that is governed, in eutherians, by the XIST lncRNA and its cis-regulators. To reach high resolution, we stu...
Dominance is a primary determinant of social dynamics and resource access in social animals. Recent studies show that dominance is also reflected in the gene regulatory profiles of peripheral immune cells. However, the strength and direction of this relationship differs across the species and sex combinations investigated, potentially due to variat...
As SARS-CoV-2 variants continue evolving, testing updated vaccines in non-human primates remains important for guiding human clinical practice. To date, such studies have focused on antibody titers and antigen-specific B and T cell frequencies. Here, we extend our understanding by integrating innate and adaptive immune responses to mRNA-1273 vaccin...
ENGLİSH SUMMARY:
BRAIN DRAIN IS AN ATYPİCAL HERD BEHAVIOR OR SWARM INTELLİGENCE?
ATYPICAL HERD PSYCHOLOGY
While the typical mass is a result of the modern age and pyramidal herd intelligence; ATYPICAL MASS is the result of the post-modern age, social media and digital.
Capitalism, using Holomidal herd intelligence; It created a society that works...
Primate, and especially human, brain development is experience-dependent: it is shaped by the inputs received during critical periods. During early development, these inputs systematically differ between independently and cooperatively breeding species, because in cooperative breeders infants are interacting from birth with multiple caretakers and...
Despite structural similarity with other tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) members, the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75 NTR , TNFR16) mediates pleiotropic biological functions not shared with other TNFRs. The high level of p75 NTR expression in the nervous system instead of immune cells, its utilization of co-receptors, and its int...
Introduction: C3 is central for all complement activation pathways, thus an attractive therapeutic target. Many C3-targeted agents are under extensive development with one already approved for clinical use. However, most, if not all, C3 inhibitors are human or non-human primate C3-specific, making evaluating their efficacies in vivo before a clinic...
The development of artificial intelligence has posed a challenge to machine vision based on conventional complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuits owing to its high latency and inefficient power consumption originating from the data shuffling between memory and computation units. Gaining more insight into the function of every part of...
Aim: Determining gastrointestinal parasites’ frequency in non-human primates (NHPs) and handlers in different Brazilian institutions, and associate it with management information. Methods: Different institutions in São Paulo (A), Brasília (B), Rio de Janeiro (C), Pará (D) and Santa Catarina (E) were included in the study. Fecal samples were process...
Cette étude propose une caractérisation écologique approfondie des divers types d'habitats présents dans le Parc National Ranomafana à Madagascar, en mettant particulièrement l'accent sur le rôle des bambous dans l'alimentation des lémuriens. La recherche explore les variations écologiques des habitats, mettant en lumière, les facteurs clés qui inf...
Introduction
Periodontitis is delineated by a dysbiotic microbiome at sites of lesions accompanied by a dysregulated persistent inflammatory response that undermines the integrity of the periodontium. The interplay of the altered microbial ecology and warning signals from host cells would be a critical feature for maintaining or re-establishing hom...
Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonotic disease caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii and is especially fatal for neotropical primates. In Brazil, the Ministry of Health is responsible for national epizootic surveillance, but some diseases are still neglected. Here, we present an integrated investigation of an outbreak that occurred during the fi...
Noncoding DNA is central to our understanding of human gene regulation and complex diseases1,2, and measuring the evolutionary sequence constraint can establish the functional relevance of putative regulatory elements in the human genome3–9. Identifying the genomic elements that have become constrained specifically in primates has been hampered by...
Research in social mammals has revealed the complexity of strategies females use in response to female-female reproductive competition and sexual conflict. One point at which competition and conflict manifests acutely is during sexual receptivity, indicated by swellings in some primates. Whether females can adjust their sexual receptivity from cycl...
Dominance and leverage are both possible causes of social inequality. If sexual dimorphism influences patterns of intersexual dominance, we predicted that highly dimorphic species are constrained to exhibit male-biased power (MP), but species with low sexual dimorphism are free to demonstrate a broader range of intersexual power relationships. If m...
OTOF mutations are the principal causes of auditory neuropathy. There are reports on Otof‐related gene therapy in mice, but there is no preclinical research on the drug evaluations. Here, Anc80L65 and the mouse hair cell‐specific Myo15 promoter (mMyo15) are used to selectively and effectively deliver human OTOF to hair cells in mice and nonhuman pr...
Bacterial communities present in the host digestive tract are important for the breakdown and absorption of nutrients required by the host. Changes in diet and the environment are major factors affecting the composition and diversity of the fecal microbiome. In addition to changes in ambient temperature and rainfall, primates living in seasonal tem...
Evidence from monkeys and humans suggests that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) encodes the subjective value of options under consideration during choice. Data from non-human primates suggests that these value signals are context-dependent, representing subjective value in a way influenced by the decision makers’ recent experience. Using electrodes d...
Background
Although West Africa has the largest burden of Yellow Fever (YF) cases globally, less is known about YF dynamics in this region. YF virus is thought to circulate via three transmission cycles in Africa: the sylvatic, savannah/intermediate, and urban cycles. Understanding the relative contribution of each cycle and the populations at risk...
In the battle of the host against lentiviral pathogenesis, the immune response is crucial. However, several questions remain unanswered about the interaction with different viruses and their influence on disease progression. The simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infecting nonhuman primates (NHP) is widely used as a model for the study of the huma...
Sociality is an instinctive property of organisms that live in relation to others and is a complex characteristic of higher order brain functions. However, the evolution of the human brain to acquire higher order brain functions, such as sociality, and the neural basis for executing these functions and their control mechanisms are largely unknown....
Spatially nonlinear stimulus integration by retinal ganglion cells lies at the heart of various computations performed by the retina. It arises from the nonlinear transmission of signals that ganglion cells receive from bipolar cells, which thereby constitute functional subunits within a ganglion cell's receptive field. Inferring these subunits fro...
Many gibbon species are threatened with extinction, including the endangered northern yellow-cheeked crested gibbon, Nomascus annamensis . Assessing gibbon populations and understanding how human disturbances and environmental factors impact these populations is vital for effective conservation planning. In 2010, auditory surveys revealed that Veun...
Background
EVUSHELD was developed for the prevention and treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 for high-risk individuals. However, the SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to evolve in the presence of natural- and vaccine-acquired immunity, escaping previously authorized antibody therapies such as bebtelovimab and EVUSHELD.
AZD3152 was selected to neutraliz...
Primates are an important source of infectious disease in humans. Strongyloidiasis affects an estimated 600 million people worldwide, with a global distribution and hotspots of infection in tropical and subtropical regions. Recently added to the list of neglected tropical diseases, global attention has been demanded in the drive for its control. Th...
CG-rich trinucleotide short tandem repeats (STRs) are linked with human cognition and various neurodevelopmental, neurological, and movement disorders. However, the fundamental two-repeat units of these STRs remain unexplored. On a genome-wide scale, here we mapped the two-repeat units of all combinations of CG-rich trinucleotides in human. We foun...
This study investigates the intricate interplay between innate cognitive processes and cultural institutions in shaping contemporary social realities. Using the lens of Big History, it bridges the gap between sociobiological approaches and socio-constructivist perspectives. The analysis departs from the Marxist concept of social classes to elucidat...
Human language relies on a rich cognitive machinery, partially shared with other animals. One key mechanism, decomposing events into causally-linked agent-patient roles, however, has remained elusive with no known animal equivalent. In humans, agent-patient relations in event cognition drive how languages are processed neurally and expressions stru...
Human primates apoptoptic and stress inducing behavior appears directly correlated to non-human primates with infections that result in direct or proxy domestic virulence in primate social communities.
Across multiple primates and tissues, GPM6B (Glycoprotein membrane 6B) reaches maximum levels of expression in the human brain. This gene contains a strictly monomorphic short tandem repeat (STR) of (GA)9. We used a CRISPR-based tool to delete this GA-repeat in NT2 cells, and analyzed the consequence of this deletion on GPM6B expression, using qRT-...
In males of many vertebrate species, sexual selection has led to the evolution of sexually dimorphic traits, which are often developmentally controlled by androgen signaling involving androgen response elements (AREs). Evolutionary changes in the number and genomic locations of AREs can modify patterns of receptor regulation and potentially alter g...
Non-human primate studies are unique in translational research, especially in neurosciences where neuroimaging approaches are the preferred methods used for cross-species comparative neurosciences. In this regard, neuroimaging database development and sharing are encouraged to increase the number of subjects available to the community, while limiti...
SARS-CoV-2 continues to pose a global threat, and current vaccines, while effective against severe illness, fall short in preventing transmission. To address this challenge, there's a need for vaccines that induce mucosal immunity and can rapidly control the virus. In this study, we demonstrate that a single immunization with a novel gorilla adenov...
Medial frontal cortical areas are thought to play a critical role in the brain's ability to flexibly deploy strategies that are effective in complex settings, yet the underlying circuit computations remain unclear. Here, by examining neural ensemble activity in male rats that sample different strategies in a self-guided search for latent task struc...
Face perception in humans and nonhuman primates is accomplished by a patchwork of specialized cortical regions. How these regions develop has remained controversial. In sighted individuals, facial information is primarily conveyed via the visual modality. Early blind individuals, on the other hand, can recognize shapes using auditory and tactile cu...
The reciprocal connections between the cerebellum and the cerebrum have been suggested to simultaneously play a role in brain size increase and to support a broad array of brain functions in primates. The cerebello-cerebral system has undergone marked functionally relevant reorganization. In particular, the lateral cerebellar lobules crura I-II (th...
Initiatives towards acquiring large-scale neuroimaging data in non-human primates promise improving translational neuroscience and cross-species comparisons. Crucial among these efforts is the need to expand sample sizes while reducing the impact of anesthesia on the functional properties of brain networks. Yet, the effects of anesthesia on non-hum...
Model animals are employed in experiments as substitutes for human tissues and fluids, particularly when accessing particular human samples (such as cerebrospinal fluid, brain, ocular tissues, etc.) poses significant challenges or is ethically constrained. Nonhuman primates are frequently regarded as superior animal models for investigating human o...
Many primate populations are threatened by human actions and a central tool used for their protection is establishing protected areas. However, even if populations in such areas are protected from hunting and deforestation, they still may be threatened by factors such as climate change and its cascading impacts on habitat quality and disease dynami...
Understanding the drivers of speciation is fundamental in evolutionary biology, and recent studies highlight hybridization as an important evolutionary force. Using whole-genome sequencing data from 22 species of guenons (tribe Cercopithecini), one of the world's largest primate radiations, we show that rampant gene flow characterizes their evoluti...
The monster and the slave typify the relationship between the endosymbiotic archaeal web in human cells and tissues including the brain which keeps control the human brain and organs. The archaeal web has got a wave-particle existence and has got quantal perception and controls brain function. The endosymbiotic archaea gets its energy by cholestero...
Callithrix penicillata, the marmosets, were introduced in several areas of Brazil and established themselves as invaders causing environmental imbalance in the native fauna. The diet of marmosets is quite broad and includes small arthropods, such as spiders, which play a fundamental role in the ecosystem. To capture web spiders, marmosets have been...
Animal models are used to understand principles of human biology. Within cognitive neuroscience, non-human primates are considered the premier model for studying decision-making behaviors in which direct manipulation experiments are still possible. Some prominent studies have brought to light major discrepancies between monkey and human cognition,...
Dopamine neurons respond to reward-predicting cues but also modulate information processing in the prefrontal cortex essential for cognitive control. Whether dopamine controls reward expectation signals in prefrontal cortex that motivate cognitive control is unknown. We trained two male macaques on a working memory task while varying the reward siz...
Brain networks exist within the confines of resource limitations. As a result, a brain network must overcome the metabolic costs of growing and sustaining the network within its physical space, while simultaneously implementing its required information processing. Here, to observe the effect of these processes, we introduce the spatially embedded r...
The expansion of transportation and service corridors has numerous, well-documented adverse effects on wildlife. However, little research on this topic has been translated into mitigating the effects of habitat fragmentation caused by road development on primates. The establishment of canopy bridges has proven to be an effective conservation interv...
While it is well known that 98–99% of the human genome does not encode proteins, but are nevertheless transcriptionally active and give rise to a broad spectrum of noncoding RNAs [ncRNAs] with complex regulatory and structural functions, specific functions have so far been assigned to only a tiny fraction of all known transcripts. On the other hand...
The purpose of this chapter is to establish an overview of the functions of the nervous system from a basic perspective, and provide citations to other sections of this work providing additional detailed discussions. It opens with a Top Level Block Diagram followed by a Signal Flow Template of the neural system. Both of these can be further expande...
Gums produced by trees after injuries are valuable food resources for several primate species. Yet, information on the chemical characteristics of gum is scant and inconsistent. We use gums consumed by lemurs (strepsirrhine primates of Madagascar) as an example to illustrate their possible nutritive and pharmaceutical properties. Exudates from 45 t...
The golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) is a rare and endemic species in China. The population of golden snub-nosed monkeys in Sichuan Province has an isolated genetic status, large population size, and low genetic diversity, making it highly vulnerable to environmental changes. Our study aimed to evaluate the potential impact of cli...
The haemorrhagic features of viral haemorrhagic fevers may be caused by common patterns of metabolic disturbances of the glucose and ascorbate homeostasis. Haemorrhages and vasculature disfunctions are a clinical feature not only of viral haemorrhagic fevers, but also in scurvy, diabetes and thrombotic microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia. Interesti...
Multiple neural mechanisms underlying gating to and from working memory (WM) have been proposed, with divergent results obtained in human and animal studies. Previous results from non-human primate studies suggest information encoding and retrieval is regulated by high-power bursts in the beta frequency range, whereas human studies suggest that alp...
To be the most successful, primates must adapt to changing environments and optimize their behavior by making the most beneficial choices. At the core of adaptive behavior is the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) of the brain, which updates choice value through direct experience or knowledge-based inference. Here, we identify distinct neural circuitry und...
The anthroponotic Cryptosporidium hominis differs from the zoonotic C. parvum in its lack of infectivity to rodents, but several divergent C. hominis subtypes has been recently found in nonhuman primates and equines. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing of 17 animal C. hominis isolates. In a comparative analysis with 222 human isolates, the a...
Humans share with other mammals and primates many social motivations and emotions, but they are also much more cooperative than even their closest primate relatives. Here I review recent comparative experiments and analyses that illustrate humans’ species-typical social motivations and emotions for cooperation in comparison with those of other grea...
In F. Dostojewskis Roman Der Idiot steht die Figur des verarmten und unter epileptischen Anfällen leidenden Fürsten Myschkin, der unverkennbar an die Gestalt von Jesus Christus erinnert, aber auch Züge der Schiller'schen schönen Seele trägt, im Zentrum der Handlung. Myschkin agiert jedoch in einem komplexen Figurennetz. Dies erlaubt es Dostojewki,...
AII-amacrine cells (AIIs) are widely accepted as a critical element of scotopic pathways mediating night vision in the mammalian retina and have been well-characterized in rod-dominant mice, rabbits, and non-human primates. The rod pathway is characteristic of all mammalian eyes, however, the anatomic and physiologic role of AIIs and the rod pathwa...
Some preliminary studies exploring the potential of three-dimensional (3D) buccal microtexture based on ISO roughness parameters, have demonstrated that 3D microtexture of buccal surfaces is a powerful tool for describing dietary aspects and feeding ecology of extant primates and can be used to infer dietary aspects of extinct taxa (Calandra, et.al...
Yellow fever (YF) is a major public health issue in tropical and subtropical areas of Africa and South America. The disease is caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), an RNA virus transmitted to humans and other animals through the bite of infected mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). In Brazil and other South American countries, YFV is restricted to t...
Human speech and vocalizations in animals are rich in joint spectrotemporal (S-T) modulations, wherein acoustic changes in both frequency and time are functionally related. In principle, the primate auditory system could process these complex dynamic sounds based on either an inseparable representation of S-T features, or alternatively, a separable...
Affiliative social bonds are linked to fitness components in many social mammals. However, despite their importance, little is known about how the tendency to form social bonds develops in young animals, or if the timing of development is heritable and thus can evolve. Using four decades of longitudinal observational data from a wild baboon populat...
We designed a set of amplification primers to target the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of the rodent genus Oligoryzomys. Combinations of two sets of primers successfully amplified complete mitochondrial and partial cytochrome b (MT-CYB), from not only Oligoryzomys, but also other mammalian species from the orders Rodentia, Didelphimorphia, Primat...