Primates - Science topic

See Figure 1:

Figure 1: Neocortical-cerebellar loops per language. A language command to speak is issued from the neocortex (cortex) which has access to the cerebellar cortex at the Purkinje cells (Purkinje) via the pons (Pons). The return portion of the loop passes through the cerebellar nuclei (Nuclei) and thalamus (Thal) en route to the neocortex. According to Ojemann (1983,1991) every language is stored separately in the neocortex according to electrical inactivation experiments done on human subjects. This idea is supported by work on stroke patients, whereby primary languages are often preserved over secondary languages (based on cerebellar stroke, Mariën et al. 2017) and it is well-known that doing language interpretations in real time is difficult, likely because of the neural segregation between the language loops. Irrespective of the type of language, every language is transmitted at a comparable bit-rate of 39 bits per second, which is short of 1 trillion possibilities per second (Coupé et al. 2019). This dovetails with the idea of Chomsky that all humans have a universal-grammar capability (Chomsky 1965) further supporting the idea that we are one species. Whether other mammals have a similar capability is not known, but machine learning is now being used to decipher communications between whales, which have neocortical neurons in excess of 40 billion, e.g., the killer whale (Ridgway et al. 2019; humans have 16 billion neocortical neurons by comparison, Herculano-Houzel 2009). The loop configuration in the figure is based on the anatomical, unit recording, and optogenetic experiments of Hasanbegović (2024), all performed on the mouse and generalized to the primate (Thach et al. 1992).

The genome size is approximately 2.7 Gb.

Remains are currently housed at NMNH, but I'm curious about the circumstances surrounding her death. Thank you.

Hi! I am genotyping several microsatellite loci in a nonhuman primate, and one in particular, LL1118, seems to have shifted from being monomorphic at around 142bp to monomorphic at 134 bp. At first I thought the individuals I was typing just had a different allele, but one of the individuals was done before and was homozygous for 142 and is now homozygous for 134. While I did change the size standard recently, this has not happened for any of the other 20 or so loci that I am using. Why could this have happened? Thanks!

Hello, we are trying to implement eye tracking recording for non human primates, larger study is looking into neural activity and movements. Our group had a few questions that we thought people here could help us with as we have similar questions that were asked before here. I looked through those inquiries but didn't quite find the answers we were looking for.

1. Is anyone selling a used eye tracking device? For example the GP3 HD?

2. Has anyone tried using a GoPro camera, can capture 240hz, so seems like an option, and use open source software for eye tracking?

3. Are there any new resources for creating a budget friendly eye tracking system? Using webcams for example, and which webcam as most capture at 30hz.

Thank You

I am using triangulation and bioacoustics using fixed point counts triangulation surveys. My study site is around 7000 km^2. What surface area should I cover for my research to representative of the entire study area and to be able to meet the minimum able size requirement.

We have some sections of spinal cord from some non-human primates that my lab is trying to section. For our brain sections, we use a microtome and frozen tissue and cut 40um thick sections, not a cryostat and we are looking to do the same for the spinal cord but our first attempt was not successful. Has anyone done this successfully? We would like to avoid using a cryostat if need be as our lab prefers to have free-floating sections of tissue to work with.

Thanks!

Hello colleagues, in the coming months I will be investigating the presence of drills (Mandrillus leucophaeus) in an area where they have not been seen for years (Pico Basilé Natural Park, Bioko, Equatorial Guinea). It is a rainforest, with altitudes of about 1000-2000 meters. Obviously, I have considered line transect surveys, as they have been widely used for estimating abundance of primate populations. However, there are some issues to consider.

1. It is a very steep area, which will prevent me from drawing completely straight transects.

2. I will perhaps not even find the species. Therefore, as it has been done with the species in other areas, indirect evidence such as fecal remains will be sought. I also thought it appropriate to incorporate signs of human activity into the data (cartridges, rubbish,...) as bushmeat hunting is the main cause of biodiversity loss on the island.

3. I will also have trap cameras, which I intended to strategically place in front of fig trees, a key food in the diet of the species.

I am just starting in the field. I have done fieldwork before, but related to other very different taxa in a very different environment. I've been checking the literature but still, I wanted to ask you to recommend me a study that has used similar methods (nonlinear transects), or that has considered fecal remains to assess the presence of a primate species (I don't even want to say density, because I do not know or if we find them). Or maybe some other publication that explains how to propose different sampling methods according to the field conditions, how to calculate the distance between transects, etc. Or any other key issues they deem appropriate to explain to me.

Thank you so much!

When testing antipsychotic drugs on primates, what are some examples of behavioral tests that are the most relevant to observing the behavioral effects of the drugs on primates?

If Ardrey suggested that 'because of its terrestrial life the baboon, as I have suggested, pursues an existence more resembling the human than any other of our primate relatives.' is it sane if I think in reconstruct biological taxonomy on Cultural basis?

I want to test 8 antigens using in vivo (mice immunization and challenge) and in vitro assays (Elisa, elispot, growth inhibition, various cytokine conc measurements). Based on the data obtained and analyzed, 2 of these antigens will be selected for nonhuman primates (NHP) testing. My question is, How do I go about selecting the 2 antigens for the NHP experiments Do I use the elisa OD values, elidpot SI values, parasitaemia and cytokine conc values? If so, what will be the cut-off value for each assay? What if the different antigens perform differently in the different assays?

I have used Allen Mouse Brain Explorer for years and it was awesome but it no longer works on my Mac and its super depressing. Any recommendations for anatomy/ comparative anatomy atlases with advanced features or photos as apposed to illustrations ?

Many Thanks in advance

Ecotourism had some advantages for the local people economy. In the tourist sites, primates attract a large number of visitors every year and they are favorable for their potential benefits to tourism. However, the tourism has some disadvantages for primates. The contact between humans and primates and the inclusion of human food in their diet can have negative effects on their ecology and behavior. The tourism also encourages the capture of primates.

1. Science folks unanimously agree about a fixed definition for “Theory of Mind” or "Mentalizing"! That I think is a philosophical paradox as theory of mind has this very pivotal cannon of being open in empathizing and understanding different beliefs through attribution of mental state as in beliefs, intentions, knowledge and emotion. Thus, how could we all agree to establish one definition for “Theory of Mind” which conveys elimination of all other definitions or disregard openness to other definitions of “Theory of Mind” itself that might be quite different from the typical definition of theory of mind. As if one might staunchly emphasize that they believe in animal advocacy and rights but still keeps a songbird in a cage! I believe that some definitions cannot be strictly defined as a single omnipresent definition and depending on the subject and application would vary in definition. Theory of Mind can have one definition in mentally healthy human and yet another but not incorrect definition in mentally disordered people. Not to mention that theory of mind has been reported to be a personality trait in non-human primates as well!

Do you agree... or disagree?

2. There are neuropsychological assessments through sessions or interviews... But what about an efficient or statistically reliable "experimental" method of assessment for theory of mind in humans and non-human primates?! Theory of mind is a rather complex behavior which not only includes one's own beliefs or intents but also deciphers those of the others.

We have used "eyes task", etc. during neuroimaging to evaluate theory of mind. Scientists using such simple tasks and fMRI with all its limitations in terms of noise, resolution and processing to test mentalizing. Results are amazing but couldn't we develop better tasks and less limited modalities to assess a behavior with such complexity that involves numerous brain regions at once?

Maybe?...

3. This is a social trait! When someone fails to develop mentalizing (either due to neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, autism... or due to still unknown mechanisms of acquired behaviors and social environment) which can be represented as a wide spectrum of complex behaviors from misunderstanding/incomprehension of beliefs or intentions which are different, unempathetic adamancy to disrespecting or denigrating and disparaging others' beliefs; wouldn't it be quite tricky to merely observe and assess underlying brain functions in a singled out subject via current imaging or experimental modalities?

Hello everyone, we are trying to isolate DNA from fecal samples without using any kit. Any help regarding the protocol would be much appreciated. Thanks in advance.

Kindly point out the first-hand signs & how to detect (prior to encounter) of primate species; Trachypithecus pileatus (Capped langur) & Macaca assamensis (Assamese monkey) in tropical forest ? Thank you.

Kindly suggest some unique notes on variability in behaviour and the habitat utilization which is observable in Macaca assamensis (primates) of Eastern Himalayas in tropical forest of northeast India. Thanks a ton for suggestion.

I was wondering if some primate vocalizations, hand gestures, etc. are universal. For example, a thumbs up in America means doing good, in other countries even if you don't know what they mean exactly, they can see that it means something good. I was wondering since humans are such close relatives to primates especially chimpanzees and bonobos, has any research been done on if some vocalizations and/or hand gestures are universally understood between all nonhuman primates, or do species have their own vocalizations and/or hand gestures that are unique to that species only?

How do one find means or method in field to detect the presence of primates (Macaca, Trachypithecus, Hoolock species) in tropical rain forests ? Valuable comments much appreciated. Thank you so much.

Kindly provide brief techniques (SPSS, Calculations, papers) to be employed/referred performing experiment for 'Energy dynamics & digestibility' of primates (T. pileatus & M. assamensis) food plants in tropical forest of Mizoram from India (Northeast) ? Please, help. Thanks a ton !

Found old primate blood samples and I am wondering what is the best thing to do. Anyone had success getting any DNA from samples like this? Extraction protocol suggestions?

The photoreceptor-to-ganglion cell convergence ratio is not constant across the retina, from foveola to peripheral regions. The convergence ratio is higher in peripheral regions than within the foveola. I assume that this knowledge is based on observations along the horizontal axis. I wonder if anyone has explicitly investigated convergence ratio in upper vs lower peripheral regions of the retina.

http://static1.1.sqspcdn.com/static/f/1200343/27791702/1515005906400/PC31_Shekelle_et_al_Two_new_tarsiers.pdf'

Tarsius supriatnai was discovered around 2016 and for this reason, the literature of the Tarsier is limited. Does anyone have any knowledge if Jatna's tarsier is found in mangroves forests.

Photos, literature, observation will do.

I had 11 primates gene and to know branch specific selection procedure i used aBSERLin Datamonkey.org. But data showing, w=10^9 some show two omega parameter..i align the sequences from clustal omega codon alignment and then remove stop from it. then perform aBSERL.

1-Can anyone tell me what I'm doing wrong.

2- or how i can interpret results from data monkey server?

3-can anyone guide me through it??

I had 1 set of 11 protein coding nucleotide sequences of 11 primates Species. and i draw a phylogenetic tree . I want to know the no of mutation has occur in each branches or want to know the mutation rate in each branches.

My questions are,

1- Can i calculate probable no of mutation in each branch?

2- Is there any tools available for that? If not, any processes that is available?

3-I also like to know that mutation rate in linages, can i do that?

4- I can't do it with mathematical formulas so can you suggest me some tools, if available?

5- As i want to do a mutation analysis, is there any thing you can suggest?       

I am looking for anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-Phospholipid antibody ELISA kit for Non Human Primate serum samples. Any suggestions highly appreciated.

Thank you.

Santa Cruz now recommends this new antibody (F-10) but I can't find a publication using this reference. I'm working on human et non human primate hypothalamus and so far, it doesn't work.

Is someone more successful than me ?

I specifically need to detect the nuclei to exclude the possibility of cytoplasmic or mitochondrial transfer between human and non-human primate cells. If anyone has succeeded before, could you kindly share the brand/cat # of antibody and the optimal conditions?

I don't believe there's much research in this area in humans. There are mice and primate studies

I'm am traveling to Laos to work with rescued animals and would like to help enhance the enrichment program for the animals to keep them stimulated while they recover in captivity. 

I have modelled an endangered primate using 20 replicates. In the results, I gave all the average response curves, however for constructing the realized niche from the output I used one best model from the 20 replicates based on Warren et al 2010 evaluation metrics. Is this the right approach to do? I am running short of time for my thesis and someone said that I have to use only the average model to construct the distribution range based on threshold values used. Please clarify

Hello, I am seeking any advice on how to analyze my ethogram data. I have trouble with stats, so anything would be useful!

As part of my interdisciplinary project on the welfare of primates in sanctuaries in Costa Rica, I have 35.4 hours of observational data of capuchins (Cebus capucinus) from my field season this summer across 3 sanctuaries. This is only my first field season, I will be returning for more hours of data collection!

My hypotheses are that:

(1) tourist presence is a potential source of stress for captive caps.

(2) tourist presence has less of an effect on cap behaviour when the enclosure is more enriched.

My predictions are that:

(1) caps perform vigilance, territorial and aggressive behaviours in relation to tourist presence.

(2) caps in more enriched enclosures (more space per individual, places for privacy, complex structures, etc.) perform less vigilance, territorial and aggressive behaviours when tourists are present.

Each sanctuary differed in enclosure size and enrichments, as well as frequency of guided tours and number of tourists.

Sanctuary 1 (n=5): 15 sessions X 60 min =15 hours observation

Sanctuary 2 (n=3): 9 sessions X 72 min = 10.8 hours observation

Sanctuary 3 (n=3): 8 sessions X 72 min = 9.6 hours observation

Total = 35.4 hours

n = capuchin individuals.

I used both focal follow and group scan methods:

-Focal follows of 6 minutes alternating per monkey.

-3 group scans beginning, middle, and end of session (approx. 30 min apart).

I made notes (all-occurrence style) of when a tour group approached the enclosure and when they left.

I made all-occurrence observations of when capuchins did territorial noise-making (bang tail, throw rocks, bang items in enclosure, etc.).

I can say, anecdotally, I noticed that in the least enriched enclosure (Sanctuary 1), capuchins performed the most territorial and vigilance behaviour. This sanctuary has the most capuchins, the smallest enclosure, and the most tourist activity. Sanctuary 2 had the least tourism activity and the most enriched enclosure (lots of areas for privacy, located at edge of jungle, etc.) and I saw the least territorial and vigilance behaviour performed there. Sanctuary 3 was somewhat in the middle of both, so right now Sanctuary 1,2, and 3 feels like they are on a bit of a spectrum.

How do I demonstrate that tourist presence is correlated with caps' vigilance and territorial behaviour? I imagine creating a graph that looks like a time line of the observational session, with time stamps for when tourists approached and left the enclosure. In my mind, there would be a line tracking vigilance, aggression, and territoriality which would spike during the in-between section of the timeline during tourist presence (which I think of as sort-of like applying a treatment to the capuchin group).

I am wondering if this would be a good way to illustrate the effect of tourist presence, and if so, how to go about making this graph such as in Excel or R Studio.

As well, my understanding is that the individuals housed together are not independent variables because they influence each other’s behaviour. Does this mean that I would combine all their individual data for vigilance, territoriality, etc., when I noticed it was typically the alphas and usually one other individual who performed most of these behaviours?

I used Zoo Monitor to record observations. For behaviour tail-banging behaviour ("drum"), I was able to generate these graphs using the app where the y-axis is Rate (occurrence/min per session) of tail-banging, and the x-axis has dates of observation.

Hello everybody!

Fallback fruits are fruits of low nutritional value that in periods of fruit scarcity become the filler or staple of a frugivorous animal. Fallbacks seem to be well-studied in primates but not so much in birds. While it has been identified that birds, during periods of fruit scarcity, may feed on unripe fruits (Foster, 1977), insects (Carnicer et al., 2009) or even mimetic seeds/fruits (Pizo et al., 2020), the term "fallback fruits" is not usually used in relation to birds. Can anyone refer me to studies that deal with fallback/alternative diets of avian frugivores?

Thank you,

Marie

I am a beginner in phylogenetics, so there may be some fundamental misconceptions I have, so please bear with me.

I am working on a project to test which specific gene is the best at predicting phylogenetic relations among certain primate organisms. After aligning my sequences (for each gene) and using the R statistical pacakge "ape", I have constructed 22 phylogenetic trees (one based on each gene). I now want to see which tree is the closest to the current, scientifically accepted primate tree.

I understand you can do this using the treedist functions in R, which compares two Newick-format phylogenetic trees. So I need to import my tree (which I know how to do) and the currently accepted primate tree (in Newick format). The problem is, I don't know where to find this tree (with branch lengths). Where should I go to obtain this tree?

Thank you for your help!

Found during fecal analysis with double centrifugation with Sheather’s sugar flotation solution.

Sample: Non-human primate from African origin.

Seed? Pollen?

I am looking for a rugged camcorder easy to transport while following primates in the field and that can be used during heavy rains. It should have a decent zoom and a lens hood, to be able to collect detailed observations while in the rain. I would be very grateful for any suggestion or advice. Thank you.

Hi everyone,

I am planning to activate NHP B cell, and looking for strong stimulant.

Suggestions are highly appriciated.

Thank you

I'm conducting a geometric morphometric study of a sample of distal humeri from many primate species (fossil and extant) with a view to exploring and describing patterns of variation within species. I've been exploring my landmark data with the package geomorph in R. I'm fairly new to R, but one of the things that is clear to me is that gpagen only performs a partial Procrustes fit of the landmark data. Reflection is an important step for my dataset because I have both left and right humeri in my sample (don't get much of a choice of side with fossils).

Short of coding a wrapper myself, is there any way to perform a full Procrustes fit (with reflection!) using the gpagen function from geomorph? I know this functionality is available in other packages (e.g. shapes), but I prefer the analytical functions of geomorph.

I need to isolate and purify neutrophils from peripheral blood of nonhuman primates (cynomolgus macaque). The only published protocol I've come across is from the 2014 Neutrophil Methods and Protocols (link below) that recommends CD66abce microbeads from Miltenyi. Considering how easy it is to activate PMN, I try to avoid positive selection whenever possible. If anyone has suggestions or leads on a superior isolation method (e.g. density centrifugation, negative selection) that works for NHP, I'd really appreciate the help. 

Thanks. 

Dear researchers,

We are working in Colombia with the biological groups: primates and bats. We have been debating about landscape extent area/lenght, and also we have had read many articles about without knowing the exact criteria of researchers in this field.

We intend to measure focal primate species responses in landscape windows differentiated by configuration and composition. So it is very relevant to choose correctly the window size.

I really appreciate literature and fundamented opinions,

Regards!

Johana.

Hello, I am trying to use laser capture to isolate entire subregions of the hippocampus in brain tissue (nonhuman primate.)

Some papers online say that sections should be cut between 8um and 12um. This seems extremely thin and I am wondering if this will provide too low a yield for RNA sequencing.

Does anyone have any experience cutting out entire structures or subregions with laser capture microdissection? What is the largest size you could cut tissue at? (20um, 40um, etc)

I am researching about the use of bioacoustics for mammal species, and there are quite a bit of studies that use bioacoustics for mammals, but they tend to analyse the data manually. How feasible would it be to carry out machine learning for all 11 primate species in Peru?

I have two continous explanatory variables. I assume that the interplay (joint effect) of these variables can predict a third, continous response variable.

What statistical test can be used to test whether the two factors and the response have a statistically significant relationship?

The actual project is aiming to find out whether the interplay of group size and cognitive abilities of members in a primate society can predict the centralisation of the social network.

This is for a research protocol in spider monkeys' chronobiology. So far the best saliva extracting device has been an aspirator that allows collecting about 1 ml in 2-8 min. The issue is that most monkeys are unwilling to cooperate if they don't receive a food reward while aspirating the saliva, thus contaminating the sample with the treats used to lure them.

The three analytes will be quantified by ELISA, nevertheless, if someone knew of a similar assay less prone to disturbance by the use of salivary stimulants it would be of great assistance as well. Thanks to anyone that can help me in this matter.

I've seen a number of publications investigating video enrichment with chimpanzees, but I have been asked to gather sources on the use of tvs with other primate species.

Hohman G, Sunderraj SFW (1990) Survey of Nilgiri langur and Lion-tailed Macaque in Tamil Nadu, South India. Primate Conservation. Newsletter and Journal on the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group 11: 49-53

Obviously we are using our brain for all kinds of purposes that are quite different from those in our evolutionary history, like writing. But are there more basic examples of repurposing? Something that was an exaptation even in the deepest paleolithic? I assume the Broca area would make a good example, since it controls hand movement in primates and use of grammar and gestures in humans. Is there more like this?

I am studying the cerebral aging in non - human primates, Marmost monkies. The study is conducted on anatomical MRI T1-weighted images. We aim to study the decline of brain and cortical volumes in normal aging.

However, due to the difficulty of extracting (segmenting) some cortical subregions, we would like to rather map the volumetric differences in these regions over years (due to aging / possible atrophy) rather than dileneating and extracting ROIs.

I would appreciate if some one could suggest a method (reference) or an algorithm to start with.

I am currently working on anthropogenic effects on the vocalisation of howler monkeys in the urban environment.

I record the vocalisations with a TASCAM DR-07MKii and I want to extract acoustic measurement such as frequency, pitch, rates and lengths of vocalisations.

Which program is easiest to use for a beginner to extract these variables?

I currently have: Sound Analysis Pro, Praat and Audacity.

All tips and additional information are very welcome

Dear colleagues,

we are designing a study to record presence or absence of spider monkeys in forest fragments. We aim to record occurrences using the playback method, but we are unsure about the speaker device we should use. If you have had a similar experience and can offer some advice, I would love to hear from you!

The speaker should be able to play low-frequency calls without distortion. It should be waterproof and dustproof, wireless, and with decent battery life (usually, we have little or no access to electricity). Given that we work in very hilly areas, being light/portable is a plus.

Does any of you have used the SME-AFS Portable Field Speaker (Saul Mineroff Electronics) or the EcoBoulder Plus (ECOXGEAR)? If not, can you recommend us other brands and models?

We would be very grateful for any suggestion.

Best regards,

Irene

Which program would you recommend to use to align primate DNA of a gene to the spliced RNA of the corresponding human gene?

I need to analyse the evolutionary significance of BRCT domain within BRCA1 gene ?

I am interested in any information on areas in the Southeastern Untied States where people may be doing a study of Squirrel monkeys.

I am interested in comparing primate species population structure and group size composition both in village and forest what kind of test i can use?

We are studying ontogenetic trajectories of cranium in extant primates. Among the sample, we did not find infant specimens (with partial or absent deciduous dentition) of the species Gorilla gorilla, Hylobates agilis, Hylobates lar, Macaca cyclopis, Mandrillus sphinx, Pan troglodytes, Papio hamadryas, Pongo abelii, Pongo pygmaeus and Symphalangus syndactilus. We used some online databases as Morphosource and Kupri, but did not find the specimens we were searching for. Is anyone aware of existing CT or surface scans of such specimens?

I want to compare a single primate species with 12 troops in forest and 12 troops in village.What statistics test best for the population structure and group composition of this particular species?

With Regards

VANARAJ

I am interested in study on food habit and habiat quality assessment of primate species.

VANARAJ

I am looking for an anti-human nuclear antibody that would not cross with non-human primates. Does anyone know one ?

Specifically looking for muscle masses, PCSA values, fiber lengths, etc. of muscles acting on the toes including the hallux. I am familiar with studies reporting on these properties in apes, but can't seem to find what I need in monkeys.

I have been trying to estimate Phayre's Langur (Trachypithecus pahyrei) population of 5 northeastern forests in Bangladesh through distance sampling method in pre-established forest trails. In detection of Phayre’s Langur, my team has been measuring perpendicular distance of the center of animal group (cluster) in their first detected location from transects. However, the forests are larger in size like 1260 ha, 1795 ha etc. and a smaller one is 243 ha. I am having difficulties to survey the large area with the limited resources. So my thoughts are to limit the replication surveys. Can anybody please help me to sort out the minimum numbers of replication surveys in each trail of the forests ? At least how many sightings are critical to analysis to estimate the density precisely? Related suggestions are welcome.

Advanced thanks!

Tanvir

Dear colleagues,

For our current project into the functional morphology and evolution of leaping in small new world monkeys, we are looking for postcranial material of the tamarins and marmosets (Primates: Callitrichidae). Specifically, we are looking for museum collections that house lots of (preferentially) disarticulated limb long bones that we could either borrow or CT scan at the location of the collection, if facilities allow. Which collections are worth visiting?

We are also very much interested in getting access to cadavers (fresh and frozen – not formalin fixated), to analyze muscle architectural properties.

We appreciate your help.

Kind regards from Berlin,

John Nyakatura (also on behalf of Patricia Berles and Léo Botton-Divet)

I am working in cooperation with a rescue center in Costa Rica that cares for orphaned wild primates. These orphans are often hand-reared and then introduced into captive populations as such primates can often not be reintroduced into the wild.

It looks appropriate for looking at influences on behaviour but we're having trouble finding published studies that use the method. The applied technical pubs on it are less than clear to me in terms of limitations, etc.

I would like to assess the stress levels of small-bodied, solitary nocturnal primates living in forest fragments of varying size, shape and degradation level but am not sure of the best way to do this. As a novice to the field of primate hormones/endocrinology, I have done some reading on the subject and it appears as though cortisol level is the best indicator of physiological stress. However, most published accounts of primate stress studies in the wild are of larger-bodied, social, group-living species that are relatively easy to follow and collect urine/fecal samples from, in comparison to nocturnal species. Furthermore, radio-collaring and tagging of individual seems to be common practice, as sex identification appears to be important for cortisol level assessment. As tagging and sexual identification of nocturnal primates can be very difficult, is there an alternative way to assess the stress level in nocturnal primates, without the hassle and expense of collaring/tagging, and if so, can anyone recommend a method that would allow me to collect samples for analysis? Any help would be greatly appreciated!

I wonder if anyone knows about citizen science projects in primate research/conservation. I have reviewed the literature on the (potential) role of citizen science in primate research and conservation, but so far I have found only one project: www.chimpandsee.org. I have also learned that the Colombian Primatological Society has launched a call for volunteer contributions of primate occurrence records for a study on species distributions. However, I have not found concrete information (reports, peer-reviewed article) on that project yet. Has anyone heard of similar projects?

I'm asked to sketch a diagram of AAV8-control- and AAV8-CFLAR (S1) vectors from a paper titled "Targeting CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice and nonhuman primates."

I'm not sure how.

Any advise?

I have seen large variations in dosage levels from various sources (1IU/kg and 0.1 ug TSH/kg for cats and dogs; and a max. of 10IU for larger mammals). I obviously don't want to kill the animals by overestimating - i'd prefer to get an accurate value to work with. These animals only weigh approximately 1kg so i'm guessing it'll be about 1IU?

Also, I'm having trouble converting IU for TSH into ug, mcg, etc.

Any help would be appreciated!

What are the neurochemistries and neuroananomical component of the main neuroal circuit(s) involved in human empathy (or more generally in primates or, more generally still, mammals)? (I am also interested to know what it is we still don't know regarding this question).

Hi everyone,

I have a few references detailing that, in some primate species (presbytis entellus, presbytis thomasi), males have only ever been seen to attain alpha male status once in their lifetime. I'm having a hard time finding other articles that explicitly state this about their species. Can anyone suggest more?

Thanks in advance,

-Luke

I am taking the hominoid personailty questionnaire and asking keepers to complete it twice to see if their responses change, as it is quite a subjective questionnaire, over a period of time. I am also designing a behavioural action questionnaire and going to have this done twice also to see if it is more consistent, the same, or less so. It would also be interesting to compare the two as using on same focal animals to see if results are similar or differ. Being new to stats I am now somewhat lost!

I have a similar plan for pigs and some primate species...

I wonder if anyone has experience using the retrograde viral vector rAAV2-retro (10.1016/j.neuron.2016.09.021) in non human primate brain

Thanks

Inaki

I wonder if primates also feel sexual humiliation when they are naked or in other context like human, does it lowers reproduction fitness?

I guess there are almost no studies, but curious.