Pressure - Science topic

Transboundary crises put international organizations under pressure. The literature suggests that informal intergovernmental organizations (IIGOs) are particularly suited for crisis management and assumes a link between crises and informality. But not every crisis leads to IIGO involvement and there is no detailed theorization of this relationship....

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how variations in soil suction impact shear strength, swelling pressure, and volume changes. To that end, small-scale tests were conducted on both pure bentonite and bentonite in mixtures of 30%, 40%, and 50% with sand under dry conditions, using values selected from compaction curves. A model with dimens...

The main objective of this research paper is to understand that in all types of organizations, all members, belonging to all job positions in the hierarchy are required to carry out number of job duties and responsibilities. Within the course of putting these into practice, they experience work-related pressure in some cases. Hence, it is necessary...

A painless approach to the well known painful palatal injection using topical application of pressure is described. Seventy dental patients requiring anesthesia of palatal tissue ( soft and hard ) for surgical procedures were chosen for the study. A highly significant value (P 0.01) of a painless injection was noticed when the ipsilateral side was...

High-dimensional problems are common in designing complex engineering structures, and surrogate models are often used to improve optimization efficiency. However, the higher the dimension is, the lower the accuracy of the surrogate model, resulting in inaccurate optimization results. Therefore, a global‒local collaborative optimization method based...

An exhaust system is widely used in steam turbine and gas turbine to recover the leaving kinetic energy of the last stage turbine. The performance of the exhaust system plays an important role in terms of the thermal efficiency for the whole turbomachinery. So in this paper, the turbine and exhaust hood are redesigned to improve the aerodynamic per...

The nursery medical services and knowledge is attracting unprecedent attentions. Nursery knowledge and education in areas of healthcare and medical fields change a lot. However, sustainable supporting in funding, position and technology can be further improving. The different pressures and personal condition of nurses may be eased in the clinic....

Research on the calculation method of deep-buried surrounding rock pressure is an important subject in engineering mathematics. The existing calculation methods are mainly the two-hole closely spaced tunnel, double-arch tunnel, three-hole closely spaced tunnel, and three-arch tunnel. The four-hole closely spaced double-arch tunnel has the character...

This chapter reflects upon findings of this book, from the perspective of two central distinguishing themes. First, it endorses and explores the implications of understanding the rule of law in terms of a central aspiration or goal – reduction of the possibilities of arbitrary exercise of power – rather than any purported checklist of legal instrum...

This study examines the impact of incorporating obstacles in the electrode structure of an organic redox flow battery with a flow-through configuration. Two configurations were compared: A control case without obstacles (Case 1) and a modified design with obstacles to enhance mass transport and uniformity (Case 2). While Case 1 exhibited marginally...

Using the Israel-Darmois junction conditions, we obtain a class of regular dynamical interiors to the recently proposed black-bounce spacetimes which regularises the Schwarzschild singularity by introducing a regularisation parameter. We show that a regularised Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker like interior geometry can not be matched smoothly w...

This study performs particle resolved simulations (PRSs) to investigate the behavior of linear shear flow over a near-wall oblate spheroidal particle. Simulations are conducted for particles with aspect ratios ( λ) of 1.5, 2, and 4, covering Reynolds numbers ( Re) ranging from 1 to 200 and particle inclination angles ( θ) from 0° to 180°. The resul...

The rare-earth-free magnetic material α′′-Fe16N2 is known to be a high-performance magnetic material. However, a synthetic route for high-yield α′′-Fe16N2 powder has not yet been established. In this study, a high-yield α′′-Fe16N2 submicron-sized powder was synthesized from Fe3O4via H2 reduction, and subsequent nitridation using a CaH2 drying agent...

This study investigates the impact of varying side ratios (SR) on wind loads in high-rise buildings using wind tunnel tests and large eddy simulations. It assesses surface wind load by analyzing static three-component force coefficients and shape factors across different SRs. The results show that the model with D/B = 0.5 exhibits the largest mean...

Surge shafts play a role in stabilizing pressure in long-distance water pipeline systems. However, to accurately simulate its regulatory function in three-dimensional numerical simulations, a multiphase flow model that demands substantial computational resources is necessary. Through secondary development of software, the implementation of a single...

The article presents the results of visualization of two-stream gas targets for a point source of vacuum ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet radiation. Measurements of the gas concentration spatial distribution were carried out using a Michelson interferometer. It is shown that adding a light gas to the peripheral channel significantly moves the re...

A new fundamental equation of state expressed as a function of the Helmholtz energy is presented for 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene (R-1243zf). The equation is valid from the triple-point temperature (122.35 K) to 430 K at pressures up to 35 MPa. The expected uncertainties (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepack...

Artificial lift aims to assist in lifting fluid from the bottom of the well (reservoir) to the surface. Well-X is a suspended well planned to be reactivated using an artificial lift suitable for further production operations. The water injection plant's availability as a power fluid supply makes the hydraulic jet pump an efficient artificial lift t...

Changes in the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid that surrounds the spinal cord can cause deformations of the spinal cord, which, in turn, may lead to the cord being damaged. In addition, the changes in the pressure of the surrounding cerebrospinal fluid can cause changes to the pressure of the extracellular fluid which saturates the spinal cord....

This study developed a scientific process parameter setup based on nozzle pressure and screw position, with the process parameter search sequence being injection speed, V/P switchover position, packing pressure, and packing time. Unlike previous studies, this study focuses on the scientific process parameter setup of experiments and simulations, as...

This study delves into rotor–stator interaction within a bidirectional bulb tubular pump under cavitation conditions. Using pressure pulsation tests on a model pump and numerical simulations performed with ANSYS CFX software, we analyzed pressure pulsation and flow field data across three distinct flow rates and multiple cavitation numbers. Both ti...

A metal mandrel was designed for manufacturing the cathodes of high power electron tube ( Tetrode ) used in broadcasting transmitting tubes type TH558 and CQS200.The cathodes were manufactured in the present work from thoriated tungsten wires ( 2? ThO2- W) with different diameters .These cathodes were carbonized in sequences of processes to determi...

This paper investigates the theoretical interaction between dark matter (DM) and dark energy (DE), two of the most enigmatic components of the universe that together account for approximately 95% of the cosmic energy budget. We explore models where these two entities are not separate, independent components, but rather interact in specific ways tha...

In this paper, we consider the well‐posedness theory of two‐dimensional compressible subsonic jet flows for steady full Euler system with general vorticity. We show that the stream function formulation for such system admits a variational structure. Then the existence and uniqueness of a smooth subsonic jet flow can be established by the variationa...

An important corporeal turn within war studies ontologises war as an embodied experience. The focus, however, is overwhelmingly on human bodies. This interdisciplinary article addresses this gap and, in so doing, contributes to a growing corpus of scholarship that challenges anthropocentric ways of thinking about war. First, it utilises Alaimo's co...

Introduction: We aimed to assess the predictivity of preoperative urodynamics (UDS) on de novo stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in patients having advanced pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Methods: Between January 2016 and June 2019, 133 patients with symptomatic POP at stage 3 or higher were included in the study. The presence of postoperative SUI sy...

The complexity of mathematical models describing respiratory mechanics has grown in recent years, however, parameter identifiability of such models has only been studied in the last decade in the context of observable data. This study investigates parameter identifiability of a nonlinear respiratory mechanics model tuned to the physiology of an ext...

In the present article, the electronic, magnetic, and thermodynamic behavior of Alloy Al (75%)-Li (25%) has been investigated using the FP-LAPW method and the quasi-harmonic Debye model. The structural elements of Alloy Al-Li belong to space group 221_Pm-3m, and the lattice parameter slide is different from Al unit cells. The electronic behavior of...

In order to solve the problem of combustion cycle variation in two-stroke aviation kerosene piston engines under idle conditions, experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of intake air temperature on combustion cycle variation and output work. The coefficient of variation of the indicated mean effective pressure was used to character...

Do analysts adjust their recommendations when a company's credit risk changes? Using an extensive sample of 300,145 observations, covering 3,722 US firms from 2000 to 2021, we find that analysts revise their recommendations when a firm's credit risk decreases but not when it increases. This result is consistent with analysts' optimism bias, as prev...

The deflection and unsteadiness of the supersonic streamwise vortex interacting with the compression waves are experimentally investigated using a nanoparticle-based planar laser scattering technique. Under the influence of the compression waves, the spatial evolution of the vortex is significantly different from that of the undisturbed vortex. The...

Hands-on activities promote interest in engineering, but their use in primary education is under pressure due to doubts about their effect on learning. Based on the Challenge Point Framework, we hypothesized that an adaptive approach in which a pupil starts with tasks at its level of prior knowledge would raise the learning results of hands-on acti...

Humanitarian workers most of the time undergo psychological torture as they are always under pressure. Intrusive thoughts is another phenomena associated with such experiences and is defined as recurrent and unwanted cognitive intrusions that cause cognitive traffic jams. The present research therefore examines the effects of Intrusive thoughts in...

A law school classroom is a crucible in which the scholarly interests of teachers mix with pressures from the practicing bar. The topics and questions in a class in any field of law range from explicitly practical questions-what is the law, how is it likely to develop?-to jurisprudential philosophy-what concepts, values, and assumptions underlie th...

The quasiparticle model is employed to investigate the quark matter at finite chemical potential. The effective bag constant is derived to be dependent on both the chemical potential and the magnetic field. The self-consistent thermodynamics is fulfilled that the free energy minimum corresponds to the zero pressure. It is shown that the strong magn...

«There it goes again!» - The Swiss banks are once again being haunted by the past of National Socialism and the Second World War. Based on new documents, Credit Suisse agreed in 2022 to an investigation into Nazi accounts, but stopped the project shortly before its collapse. Now, an interim report by Neil Barofsky, head of the research team, has se...

In today’s evolving digital landscape, organizations are under immense pressure to innovate and adapt swiftly. Digital transformation is no longer a luxury but a necessity for businesses aiming to stay competitive. At the heart of this transformation lies data – a critical asset that, when managed effectively, can drive innovation, enhance customer...

Highlights The main surgical interventions for aortic valve pathology at the aortic root site are aortic valve replacement and redo replacement. The Ozaki procedure emerged in the last decade; it involves replacement of the aortic valve using autologous pericardium. Despite the fact that many centers perform the Ozaki procedure frequently, there ar...

Appropriate support pressure is crucial for maintaining the face stability of tunnels constructed using the opposite-excavation method. In this study, two failure mechanisms are constructed to determine the appropriate support pressure on the faces of opposite-excavation tunnels, considering the effects of face distance and pore water pressure. Two...

In recent years, city marathons in China have shown a significant upward trend, spreading across the country. The more recognized city marathons are, the more they reflect their endless charm and powerful functions. By consulting a large amount of literature, conducting discussions with numerous marathon experts and participants, and visiting marat...

We study the nature of charm degrees of freedom near the chiral crossover based on lattice QCD calculations of the second and fourth-order cumulants of charm fluctuations, and their correlations with net baryon number, electric charge, and strangeness fluctuations. We show that below the chiral crossover temperature, Tpc, the thermodynamics of char...

The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂RR) offers potential for sustainable production and greenhouse gas mitigation, particularly with renewable energy integration. However, its widespread application is hindered by expensive catalysts,...

The study of steady-state axisymmetric Poiseuille flow of a Newtonian fluid induced by streamwise pressure and temperature gradients in the case of the dynamic viscosity coefficient dependent on the temperature is reduced to finding solutions to a three-parameter boundary-value problem for a third-order ordinary differential equation. In the domain...

How much of everyday language use takes place on autopilot, how much are speakers aware of, and how do their attitudes relate to this? In particular, how do these factors together account for variation between speakers? Limburgian, a regional language within the Netherlands, is under pressure from Dutch in an intensive language contact situation. T...

In Part XV, we performed another altitude test: simulation of diving in a mountain lake, i.e.: at a reduced ambient pressure of ca. 830 mbar, that is: a mountain lake at an altitude of ca. 1,800 m above sea-level (aSL). This test / challenge is somewhat similar to those in refs. [1], [2], [3] & [4], but with the focus now on the implementation of...

Molecular-scale simulations of pressure-driven transport through polyamide nanogaps (5–100 Å) were performed to investigate fundamental transport mechanisms. Results show that transport in nanogaps ≤ 10 Å is always subdiffusive, but superdiffusive transport was observed in nanogaps ≥ 20 Å. Near typical operating pressures for applications ( Δp = 10...

We study the dynamics of a charged radiating star in general relativity. The junction conditions at the surface of the star lead to a restriction that connects the radial pressure to the heat flux. The master equation reduces to a nonlinear second order differential equation which determines the temporal evolution. The dynamical behaviour is studie...

Let $\Gamma $ be an infinite discrete group and $\mathsf{A}\subset \Gamma $ a nonempty finite subset. The set of permutations $\sigma $ of $\Gamma $ such that $s^{-1}\sigma (s)\in \mathsf{A}$ for every $s\in \Gamma $ can be identified with a shift of finite type $X_\mathsf{A}\subset \mathsf{A}^{\Gamma}$ over $\Gamma $. In this paper we study dynami...

In this paper, we propose a network model to explain the implications of the pressure to share resources. Individuals use the network to establish social interactions that allow them to increase their income. They also use the network as a safety and to ask for assistance in case of need. The network is therefore a system characterized by social pr...

This paper investigates the phenomenon of lowballing within the context of the EU Takeover Bid Directive (TBD), where offerors set bid prices typically below the current market price. It delves into the key features of the TBD’s mandatory bid regime and examines the varied implementation approaches by Member States, including ‘gold-plating’ practic...

Scientific publications are rapidly increasing in number, placing growing pressure on academics to publish. This study highlights the important tips and tricks for the authors in the context of reviewers' feedback and how to manage the article till the final stage of publication.

Measuring pore-water pressure (PWP) in frozen soils poses significant challenges in geotechnical testing experiments , and understanding PWP is crucial for unraveling the mechanism of frost heave generation in cold regions. This paper aims to clarify the development pattern of PWP in frozen soil through laboratory tests, specifically focusing on ex...

It is well-known that failing to achieve key organizational goals may pressure managers to commit fraud, but can it be a facilitating factor in cartel formation as well? The purpose of this study is to understand if firms known to have been in a cartel were under financial stress in the period leading up to the cartel formation. A trend analysis is...

We study the role of the equilibrium equation in bootstrapped Newtonian gravity (BNG) by including terms inspired by the post-Newtonian expansion of the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov (TOV) equation. We then compare (approximate) BNG solutions for homogenous stars with their Newtonian and General Relativistic exact solutions. Regardless of the additiona...

The interpretation of the energy-momentum tensor form factor $D(t)$ of hadrons in terms of pressure and shear force distributions is discussed, concerns raised in the literature are reviewed, and ways to reconcile the concerns with the interpretation are indicated.

The pressure abrasions caused by the ligature mark play an important role in understanding and investigating the mode and mechanism of injury in hanging. Here, we report an atypical pressure abrasion consistent with a ligature mark that occurred as a result of complete hanging of a suicidal nature. Timely resuscitation by securing the airway, maint...

Citation: Gholipour, M.; Narimani, S.; Davarpanah, S.M.; Vásárhelyi, B.

In this work we study an optimal control problem subject to the instationary Navier-Stokes equations, where the control enters via an inhomogeneous Neumann/Do-Nothing boundary condition. Despite the Navier-Stokes equations with these boundary conditions not being well-posed for large times and/or data, we obtain wellposedness of the optimal control...

Hollow-core optical fiber (HCF) gas cells are an attractive option for many applications including metrology and non-linear optics due to the enhanced gas-light interaction length in a compact and lightweight format. Here, we report the first demonstration and characterization of a selectively pressurized, hermetically sealed hollow-core fiber-base...

It is difficult to tunnel in the coastal region of complex formations due to the lack of research into the adaptability of shield tunneling. A new method based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach was proposed to evaluate the adaptability of shield tunneling. Furthermore, an improved genetic algo...

An analysis of the effects of alternative flat roof sizes and positions on wind flow around a ruin model is presented. The modelled ruin has almost cube-like proportions, with an open roof plane and a destroyed corner. Roofs over ruins are seen as a means of protection against the wind, which is considered a destructive mechanism. The purpose of th...

In fiber optic sensing, time delays induced by polarization mode dispersion can distort signals in systems relying on phase or intensity variations for measurement, degrading performance, especially in long distance, high-precision applications. To address this challenge, we propose a weak measurement-based scheme using intensity contrast ratio for...

Growing awareness and political regulations increase the pressure on companies to become more sustainable. Manufacturers of technical products in particular face the challenge of decarbonization, as machinery and plants, for instance, have an impact on the emissions of almost all industries. However, information on the Product Carbon Footprint (PCF...

Full-aperture continuous polishing is one of the key processes for polishing large flat optical elements. The surface figure of the optics polished by continuous polishing depends largely on the pitch polishing lap’s surface shape, which is controlled by a large conditioner. The changing process of the surface shape of the viscoelastic pitch lap un...

We unveil the impact of the $\theta$-angle on the QCD phase diagram at nonzero isospin and strangeness chemical potentials for three light flavors and different quark mass ratios. We establish the phase boundaries as well as the nature of the associated phase transitions. The order parameters and the physical spectrum in the different phases are de...