Precision Agriculture - Science topic

Can you explain what precision agriculture is and how it works?

How can precision agriculture technologies, such as drones and sensors, be used to optimize crop yield and reduce input costs?

How prevalent are boron insecticides in modern agriculture?

I'm engaged with a research project, in which the goals go from the delineation of crop zones with similar profits, and reviewing the literature I found a miscellaneous (at least I think it) of concepts about what actually is "management zones" and "homogeneous zones". I found myself confused, and have decided to ask here. So, there is any difference between the two abovementioned terms? If yes, is this difference empirically or theoretically founded?

I am developing an intelligent irrigation system. I have automatic solenoid valves capable of irrigating at the value of the daily evapotranspiration. and I have soil sensors that measure soil moisture. Is there a simple study to find a correlation between evapotranspiration and soil moisture. I propose to use evapotranspiration value for water quantity prediction and humidity value for exact quantity correction and adjustment. are there any other avenues.

Agriculture is likely to change significantly in the future. Key determinants of agricultural change include factors such as climate change, including the progressive process of global warming. On the one hand, the main negative effects of the progressive global warming process include increasingly frequent and severe periods of heat and drought. In addition, by the end of this 21st century, all glaciers will have melted, water levels in the seas and oceans will have risen, and areas of arable land will have declined. On the other hand, in order to slow down the progressive process of global warming, it is necessary to urgently reduce the level of greenhouse gas emissions, including CO2 and methane. Climate change will cause a reduction in the scale of agricultural crop production. In order to feed the population, it will therefore be necessary to change dietary habits by switching agricultural crops to the production of plant-based agricultural crops to produce food primarily for humans rather than livestock. At present, globally, three quarters of arable land is used for the production of arable crops, from which fodder is produced to feed reared livestock. In addition to this, due to increasing global warming processes, it will be necessary to develop new crop varieties that are resistant to various biotic (viral, bacterial, fungal diseases, pests, etc.) and abiotic (droughts, heat, floods and other effects of climate change) negative environmental factors. In addition to this, the importance of achieving sustainability goals in agriculture will increase in the future. The generation of energy used in agriculture from renewable and emission-free energy sources will increase in importance. Consequently, environmentally neutral, emission-free, sustainable organic farming based mainly on crop production using new crop varieties that are resistant to progressive climate change and its effects will be developed in the future.

In view of the above, the following questions are becoming increasingly topical:

What do you think about this?

What is your opinion on this topic?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Greetings,

Dariusz

I want to know interesting topocs on Precision Agriculture to write papers on. Im also open to collaborations in writing the papers. can you all please suggest me some useful and interesting topcs on precision Agriculture

Hello,

I'm a masters degree student and I am struggling to find a good thesis topic for my masters degree. I would really appreciate if you can help me.

As you know, biosystem engineering is a major where I can work on both mechanical engineering side of things and electrical/computer engineering side of things. Personally, I am interested in precision agriculture(electrical/computer side) and have academical experience on implementing computer vision models(Generally Deep Learning), analyzing and modeling big data(Generally Machine Learning) and deploying IOT applications.

Thank you for your time.

I need training on the use of variable rate technology (VRT), Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) and other precision agriculture training, also is there possibility of getting funding for this type of training.

Predictive models that use ordinary least squares (OLS) for parameter estimation must show residuals with normal distribution and constant variance (homoscedastic).

However, in most scientific articles (in engineering-related areas, at least) I don't see a concern with meeting these assumptions. In your opinion, why does this happen? In the end, the results do not change that much when we make the necessary transformations so that these assumptions are met?

If you have had any experience with this topic, please feel free to share.

Which Q1 and/or Q2 research journals for computer science and precision agriculture area are most suitable for speedy review and publication process? Free of charges Journals are preferables.

We have currently a project about precision agriculture. We will establish a WSN environment, and we will use the data coming from sensors and we will apply some machine learning algorithms to these data to give some recommendations. But we haven't found any dataset that will help us in this goal. Are there any available datasets that related to crop growth with respect to temperature, humidty soil moisture etc?

Agriculture is the basic sector of national economies. The technological progress that has been taking place over the millennia, including mechanization and the chemization of agriculture developed since the beginning of the 20th century, through the use of chemical plant protection products, and then genetics have increased yield per hectare. Technical and technological progress in agriculture has also contributed to the gradual decline in employment in agriculture. However, these are not the most serious problems of agriculture. However, many scientific studies and data of climatologists suggest that in the near future, in the 21st century, these will not be the most serious problems of agricultural development. Well, in the 21st century, due to the progressive global warming, crop acreages and areas of arable land can be significantly reduced. In connection with the emission of greenhouse gases in the perspective of the next dozen or so years, the process of global warming may enter the phase of acceleration of this warming and the inability to reverse this process if man in the coming years fails to implement pro-ecological reforms to implement sustainable and pro-ecological development based on national and global economy. the concept of a new, green economy. If this negative scenario was to be realized then by the end of the 21st century at the latest the average temperature at the Earth's surface will increase by as much as another 4 degrees C, which will increase and increase the scale of increasingly emerging climatic cataclysms, all glaciers and arable land areas they will decrease. As part of climate disasters, droughts, desertification and steppping of existing areas covered with greenery will appear. These processes will also reduce arable land areas. There will be problems with the boarding of a large part of the population, the scale of the national migration of people in search of places to live will increase, to survive. More and more permanent economic crises will appear and the risk of dramatic events, including wars, will increase. Humanity can not let this happen. This is the main challenge of humanity for the 21st century. In the near future, ecological innovations, renewable energy sources, streamlining the process of waste segregation and recycling, the electromobility of motorization etc. should be developed. Scientific research shows that these projects should be carried out on a large scale globally already in the perspective of the next decade. Otherwise, the process of global warming will accelerate and become an irreversible process, which in turn would lead to a global climate disaster at the latest at the end of the 21st century.

In view of the above, the current question is: The importance of agriculture in modern economies in the context of the progressive global warming of the Earth?

Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.

Agriculture is updating day by day so that we should keep in touch with the new dimension.I want to do research on precision agriculture in the rice sector. If anyone provide me suggestions regarding the issue, it will be very helpful for me.

Drones can also identify drier regions in a field and measures can then be taken to irrigate such regions with better techniques. Precision agriculture provides farmers with such concrete information that enables them to take informed decisions and utilize their resources more efficiently. Kindly give your valuable suggestions....!!!

I've spent a few years outside of school now but looking to go back for a Masters or PhD. I published two papers in undergrad, but my GPA wasn't great due to health problems that have since resolved. I work as a full-stack Software Engineer but have a BS in Food Systems from the University of Minnesota. I'm considering a few different angles and would love advice.

Angle #1: Join an agriculture department as a Masters or PhD student and focus on the computational parts of agriculture. The entry requirements to different schools seems to vary widely.

Angle #2: Start with a Data Science Masters Degree and go from there. A lot of the programs I've looked at so far are very industry focused and also don't go as deep into theory or cutting-edge work as I'd like. A lot of what they cover I've learned on my own so it just seems a way to get a paper proving that I know it. The programs I've seen seem very focused on just moving you up the corporate ladder when I don't really care about that, I just want to work on cool and impactful problems. On the plus side, many seem easier to get into from what I understand.

Angle #3: Attempt to get in a Computer Science Masters or PhD program with a mediocre GPA and hope my research papers and work experience can speak louder than my meh GPA. Would be especially interested in computer vision with the idea of eventually applying it to cutting-edge CV in agriculture (see angle #1).

Any advice? It could be directly on which angle would work best or other things I might not have thought of while I'm considering grad school. I really loved doing research and want to get back into it. I'm considering becoming a professor someday as from my experience of teaching people to code, I realized I also love that. I'm working for the U of Minnesota so get a good discount on classes so I'm planning on taking a grad-level course on Machine Learning this Fall.

Hi guys.

I have some questions for you. I've seeing a lot of people using sentinel 2A images without atmospheric correction because they say _MSIL2A products are already corrected.

However, it's not very clear.

I'm doing tests with Sentinel images, but soon I'll be working with aerial images from drones. Those will have to be corrected too? Because if so, it would delay my work a bit since I was planning to use Agisoft Metashape to produce orthophotos and then use a GIS software to create image classification.

Does anyone have a better methodology for that? By the way, I forgot to say that the work is related to precision agriculture.

Thanks!

Is technological progress in agriculture based on the application of scientific discoveries in the field of biotechnology, genetics, automation and robotics of field works, implementation of biodiversity principles and the creation of resistant to fungal, viral, bacterial and other cultivar diseases, etc. with the elimination of the use of chemical plant protection products will enable in the 21st century the development of sustainable environment-friendly agriculture, ie the kind of agriculture thanks to which healthy vegetables, fruits, grains free from pesticides and other chemical plant protection products and organic farming, ie non-polluting, are produced?

Please reply

Best wishes

Is ecological sustainable agriculture developed according to the concept of natural ecosystems, including the genetically-based genetically-scaled species that will be used in a limited, fully controlled environment, help in the 21st century in increasing the productivity of crop production in the situation of declining areas of arable land?

In connection with the warming up of the Earth's climate by the end of the 21st century, a significant part of the arable land will be either flooded by the seas and oceans or will be excluded from the production of crops due to intensifying drought. As part of the civilizational progress, including increasing the productivity of crop production per hectare, it will be necessary to continue research in this field. As part of the pro-ecological development of agriculture based on the assumptions of sustainable pro-ecological development, ie the concept of green economy, chemistry should be gradually reduced to reduce environmental pollution and reduce the impact of chemicals on human health and other life forms. In this way, the adverse impact of civilizational imbalances in natural ecosystems will be limited. In connection with the above, the aim of continuing increasing the production efficiency of agricultural crops per hectare in the future will be intensified by mechanization automation, robotization, improvement of weather forecasting and logistics systems for field works, and improvement of current crop varieties by increasing their resistance to viral and bacterial diseases, fungal, parasitic etc. An important field of research and scientific discipline, thanks to which it is possible to gradually improve current crop varieties by increasing their resistance to diseases is genetics. In addition, it is necessary to improve irrigation and greenhouse systems due to the progressive global warming and more and more often natural cataclysms. It is also important to improve the techniques of recycling and re-use of waste from intensified agricultural production, so that those wastes that are unsuitable for re-use were as few as possible. It is also important to limit the wastage of produced crops, reduce and develop the recycling of organic waste from the food production process in the agri-food processing sector. As part of the development of sustainable agriculture, it is also important to develop organic farming referring to natural ecosystems. This type of agriculture refers to natural ecosystems in which primary varieties of arable crops function or function. As part of this concept of ecological agriculture, different agricultural crops grow on one agricultural area, which also limits the potential scale of pest feeding and feeding, and ensures a better economy of savings in the use of plant protection products. Therefore, the use of genetics should be limited only to the successive improvement of current varieties of agricultural produce by increasing their resistance to viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic diseases, and not to create completely new species of flora and fauna. In this way, through the process of improving, increasing resistance to diseases of agricultural crops, genetics would help to restore or at least significantly increase the natural balance in intensified agriculture. For this process to work it is necessary to develop also the above-mentioned other techniques of environmentally-friendly sustainable development of agriculture. All of the above-mentioned techniques must be applied in a purposefully, precisely planned integrated system of managing sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture. In this way, the developed agriculture will be adequate to increase the risk of unfavorable effects of the progressive global warming of the Earth's climate and will be one of the most important determinants of the globally developed sustainable economic development of the entire human civilization, ie deliberately oriented development according to the concept of green economy.

In view of the above, the current question is: Is ecological sustainable agriculture developed according to the concept of natural ecosystems, including the genetically-based genetically-scaled species that will be used in a limited, fully controlled environment, help in the 21st century in increasing the productivity of crop production in the situation of declining areas of arable land?

Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.

What kind of scientific research dominate in the field of Importance of agriculture in the context of the ongoing global warming process?

Please, provide your suggestions for a question, problem or research thesis in the issues: Importance of agriculture in the context of the ongoing global warming process.

Please reply.

I invite you to the discussion

Best wishes

Here is a compilation of Soil Water Storage Capacities.

The data are from multiple sources, and often there are variations depending on the source.

Are the data in line with your data, or needs to be corrected?

Full-time, benefited position with the Department of Viticulture & Enology/Viticulture and Enology Research Center through the California State University, Fresno Foundation. The Department of Viticulture & Enology/Viticulture and Enology Research Center is seeking a PostDoctoral Scholar who is experienced in computer vision or remote sensing and is passionate about Machine learning/Deep learning, automated and digital agriculture, and chemometrics. We are interested in working with a motivated scholar who can think creatively and practically about production-oriented remote sensing and “big data” applications in agriculture. Strong quantitative background is preferred (as demonstrated by publications), experience with unmanned aerial vehicle and hands-on electronic ability is a plus. This position is based within the Department of Viticulture & Enology/Viticulture and Enology Research Center, through the California State University, Fresno Foundation. The selected candidate will also have the opportunity to collaborate nationwide with scholars from other universities (Cornell, UC ANR) within multi-institution projects funded from USDA, CDFA and CSU-ARI. Within overarching project goals, the candidate will have intellectual freedom to develop and pursue the research directions they find most interesting. Mentorship will focus on helping the candidate meet their professional development goals, whether in academia or elsewhere. The position is 100% time (40 hours per week), benefited, and funded for 12 months initially, may be renewed based on funding and contingent on satisfactory progress.

PLEASE FIND THE FULL CALL AT THIS LINK:

https://bit.ly/38blKD6

Drones have multiple uses. They have both pros and cons. They are also used from precision farming to defense. In your opinion, what are the uses of Drones?

How will agriculture look in the future? It seems that precision agriculture is gaining importance very quickly, especially in large-scale production. For example, the use of satellite images, remote sensing, drones, automated tractors, etc. is that the dominant trend in agriculture? Should we include these topics in the professional education? I would like to know your opinion or experience, thank you.

Our latest research on "a domain-specific language framework for farm management information systems in precision agriculture" has just been published with @SpringerNature in the Precision Agriculture journal. Open Access.

Groeneveld, D., Tekinerdogan, B., Garousi, V., Catal, C. A domain-specific language framework for farm management information systems in precision agriculture. Precision Agriculture (2020). https://lnkd.in/ddd7Q3B

https://bit.ly/3mugT4U

#precisionagriculture #wur #smartsystems #domainspecificlanguages #dsl #iot #managementinformationsystem

hello,

please we are searching works around interests that include :

Big data, artificial intelligence, drones, agriculture, internet of things, precision agriculture, smart greenhouse, renewables energies.

Thank you very much

Hello. I am trying to understand which is the minimum revisit time for precision agriculture purposes. I am aware that each crop and each physical parameter in the crop requires different revisit time, but if you could adress me to some paper or work that explains how they select the revisit time for at least one parameter in a crop, I would be gratefull. (Just to specify, I am referring to revisit time of a satellite). Thanks. Let me know if I wasn't clear enough.

I am planning to work on the image processing part for the precision agriculture. So I am looking for a large dataset which consists of both crops and weeds. Can anyone let me know where can I find on field images of crops? The images need to be collected from the tractors that run on a crop field. 

Is it viable to adopt precision agriculure technologies in developing countries?

Good morning,

Where can I find a list of crop coefficient (Kc) for Thai crops ?

Thanks

Precision agriculture (PA), in India, is synonymous to Remote sensing, GIS, GPS, VRA and VRT. These are old technologies and during last 3-4 decades enough research has been carried out. But the latest introductions in the field are: automation and Internet of things (IoT), Artificial intelligence (AL), Machine Learning (ML), Big data, Block Chain, Drone based hyper spectral imagery and so on. Very few institute of excellence are doing research on these. Is it the right time to shift towards application for for latest tools and software? How? Is there any research and support system worldwide? What the developing countries will do with small holders?

Why farmers in developing countries do not widely adopt the principles of precision agriculure despite developing simple tools and techniques that can be easily followed?

Hi !

Does anyone know where to access reference crop evapotranspiration for Thailand? Any map ? Historical Statistical Averages ?

Thanks

Judging by what I've read, most of application rate take into consideration the space of the area to be sprayed, they determine how much water needed to fully spray it, and they determine the recommended application rate of herbicides based on the number of gallons. As I see, this doesn't consider the number of weeds in the area.

My question is: Are there any ways to calculate the application rate in terms of weeds biomass in the area?

Can anyone recommend a database that contains raw multispectral images with the different bands and in the same database the NDVI and NDWI index to compare the results obtained? Also, I am looking to see if I use my own multispectral images how I can compare between the vegetation and water of real plants and the NDVI and NDWI indices.

Currently, I am working on Plant growth Monitoring system, where we are applying the concept of Machine Learning and Data Science to predict the growth of the plant with respect to the nutrients contents available in the soil.Here, we are trying to create machine interface for precision agriculture. But , for this we required large amount of data to implement the data science technique to create the required hypothesis of plant growth w.r.t. soil nutrients.

How can I obtain these data in big amount(10,000 in no)?

I really need urgently.Please experts help me in this regard.

I want to estimate nitrogen (N) content in the sugarcane fields using sentinel-2 optical data (Multi spectral Imagery). I have read few papers where simulated values helped in potatoes and other field but not for sugarcane.

If possible, I am ready to see for other remote sensing techniques to estimate nitrogen.

Detect farm field Ridges and Furrows without crop. After that I want calculate Width between ridges and distance from 1 point.

I am working on precision agriculture and needs to determine the soil properties on a large scale using remote sensing and GIS.

To plot the graph: My question is should i use average ndvi >0.5 to capture reflectance of vegetation only excluding soil and detritus?

Or simply use average ndvi without a need for it to be >0.5?

Hello, I am making decision to buy a non-visible light camera that works well with PIX4D and DJI drone. I would like to ask anyone that have research experiences on precision agriculture to recommend me.

Are there any sensors available for measuring different soil nutrients such as Nitrogen, Phosphorus , Potassium , Calcium , Magnesium , Sulphur , Boron , Manganese , Iron , Zinc, Molybdenum , Copper , Chlorine

Dear all, we are living in a changing world – caused by climate change, pollution and shortage of resources. That’s only the half of it. The inverse side is: We are watching an incredible development of completely new possibilities in science and technology, also in agriculture. Some Key words: Artificial intelligence, big data, precision farming, spot farming, nanotechnology, gene engineering and more. How can these new opportunities help us solve the problems caused by climate change, pollution and shortage of resources to secure nutrition of humanity? What results from this for current requirements in applied research in plant nutrition? And what does it mean for teaching at university to make agriculture students fit for future in research but also in agricultural practice?

What are the drivers for adopting precision agriculture in developing countries?

There are quite many studies relating NDVI from different sources. However, from the point of view of precision agriculture and site specific field management, the most important aspect is, if the NDVI (or other VIs) maps produced from different sources are similar. In other words, it is important, if maps from different sources indicate the areas of low, medium and high NDVI in the same places (more or less) and with (more or less) similar extent within one field. I know only one study comparing ground and satellite NDVI (Bausch and Khosla 2010: Thus, I am looking some more papers, particularly regarding LANDSAT-8.

My areas of specialization are crop production, water management, precision agriculture, crop simulation modelling, agrometeorology, climate change

Dear Colleagues,

Hello. New developments in life such as population increase, globalization, urbanization, environmental pollution, global warming, climate change, fresh water scarcity, food security, deforestation, desertification, etc., result in some new technologies, applications, methods, etc. in agriculture in last several decades.

What kinds of new technologies, applications, methods have been emerging in agriculture in last several decades?

Thank you for sharing your opinions in advance.

Best wishes.

Muharrem Keskin

Precision farming has become popular to everyone associated with advancement in farming strategies. Similarly, in plant improvement what is the scope of precision breeding? I think, it possess great potential particularly for the improvement of the perennial tree crops. Please post your opinion on this aspect.

Thank you

What are the methods and procedures to create variable rate nitrogen fertilizer map from UAV remote sensing data.

1) Which data (green band, red band, red-edge, NDVI, RGB) is most suitable?

2) How can we do this?

3) How effective is using UAV data for this purpose?

Thanks in advance for sharing your knowledge?

Best regards,

Muharrem Keskin

Currently i am working on Smart Greenhouse development, and i want to know the Combination of sensors like Temperature , Humidity, Camera, Co2 detector, pH etc.... which can support me in Optimal results.

When we talk about precision agriculture and variable rate technology, the management zone sampling of soil is considered to be most useful.

However, it is very tricky to divide soils into different zones instead of Grid sampling.

What should we consider for such zonning?

Can EC be helpful for that?

Any other ideas?

Osallistu joukkoistamiseen täällä: www.opal.fi/joukkoistaminen

Kestävässä tehostamisessa pellonkäyttöä optimoidaan kohdentamalla tuotantopanokset oikein: tarvittaessa lisäämällä niitä korkeatuottoisilla lohkoilla ja taas vähentämällä heikkovasteisilla lohkoilla.

Ympäristöllisesti, taloudellisesti ja sosiaalisesti kestävällä tuotannon tehostamisella on mahdollista pienentää satokuiluja hyvätuottoisilla pelloilla ja laajaperäistää huonommin tuottavat tai kaukaisemmat pellot esimerkiksi viherlannoitusnurmiksi, reuna-alueiksi, luonnonhoitopelloiksi tai riistapelloiksi. Näillä toimilla voidaan saavuttaa mm. ilmastohyötyjä, kun voimakkaasti muokattavan peltoalan osuus vähenee ja ympärivuotisen kasvillisuuden osuus kasvaa. Nämä muutokset tukevat myös monimuotoisuuden ylläpitoa maataloussektorilla.

Lue lisää: www.opal.fi/hanke

Katso videot kestävästä tehostamisesta: http://bit.ly/2wEdLwe

dehusking of oat is a difficult task. can rice dehusker be used for its dehusking. if not, please suggest the lab scale equipment along with name of company and place from where it can be procured.

my research is particularly related to grapevine yield variation across seasons 

It seems to me that the potato sizes are highly variable across the paddock, as well as the potato spatial yields (spatial dependence ~3 metres). Even we take tuber samples from multiple sites, they still don't represent the whole paddock well. The grower has suggested an app called 'PotatoSize', which calculates the proportion of tuber sizes based on the photos taken by cellphone. How about the practicality to retrofit a camera like this on-harvester to measure potato sizes on-the-go? 

I want to classify various rabi crops (Wheat, mustard, pea etc.) in Sahibganj District, Jharkhand (India) using Landsat OLI, I have some GPS point also for different- different crops. Please suggest me any easiest and reliable method for this.

In case of mango production in North Indian conditions especially in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, NCR, Punjab growers do not follow any specific nutrient management and pest management practices as such. Basically, producers are only following the local agrochemical venders only for any such demands.

Big data analysis is an emerging statistical tool for the interpretation of any large volume of data. I want have your views on its applicability for perennial fruit breeding.

Those in Anthropology

Please let me know if you are aware of any commercial digital sensor(s) to measure soil nutrients (N, P, K, Mg)?

The sensors are required for a land of 5000 ha. Any ides on numbers of sensors would be an additional help pls?

I want to measure some materails such kaolin refractivity index in need. If there is a simple handy tool for this it would be great. Is there any like that?

The alkaline KMnO4 method as used in India is not at all a reliable index of available nitrogen in the soil. In recent years, fertilizer N management in rice, wheat and maize based on measurement of the greenness of the first fully opened leaf from the top (using gadgets like leaf colour chart) has proved very successful in guiding in-season application of fertilizer N doses. 

I have a Jatropha denova seq data. That want to map against well studied Rice physical map, is it possible or not. If yes please let me know the flow of work.

Thanks and regards,

Vijay

1.How  cleverly conventional farming supporter through a question to create doubt/ apprehension about organic farming in terms of lesser grain yield  and the   supporter of organic/near to nature farming  start working to prove organic better than chemical. This question is further relate with the food security and many proponents of conventional farming  says that organic can’t feed the world . Reply  of the  query   should not be simple in terms of yield of This question of comparing productivity of organic Vs. chemical. If its replied comparing just  grain yield  in both the system it is just we the organic follower is also working with the conventional farming mentality where “ grain production” is the meaning of output of  system. 

Here first thing comes is the ideology difference ( slide one) where    in organic farming it is  the input optimisation  ( best use of available resources)  that creates sustainability while in chemical farming it is the output maximisation ( at any amount of inputs)  that create  imbalance or unsustainability . Therefore comparing  grain yield would lead to organic towards exploitative agriculture. Are we really want this ?  Are social, environmental benefits having no meaning?

2.   Conventional farming  mostly having monoculture and precision agriculture  that may  give higher yield of that single component /crop  in the field at a time BUT organic always having multi-component system  and in that all the components are complimentary  and may be yield of one component is less than conventional but  total productivity is higher than sole cropping of conventional. Good example is legume-cereal  inter/mixed/sequential  cropping.  Besides, in organic  output  of one component is the input of another component  e.g. agro waste( straw) is the feed of animal and dung is the feed of crops. In totality the productivity of organic system is always higher ones the system developed. Can we calculate productivity of one component in terms of grain yield only ? 

3.  With my decade old experience I can say  technically it not possible  to compare organic to conventional in the formal research system where we make 3 X 3 or 5 X 5 m size  plots of treatments side by side in the experimental layout .  Because 1. Organic need time to develop in a system  may be 4-5 years 2. Organic may need  much bigger plot size  with buffer zone  to show the ‘organic effect ‘ , that most of the time not made available . Therefore, I compare organic production with the average reported yield  yield of conventional system over the years. 

4. Hybrids Vs. Conventional  : Hybrids grain yield is higher on the cost of fodder( straw ) production because of more diversion to sink while in local/traditional varieties /landraces straw is higher  and that support our animal  component. This I have seen clearly in pearl millet. The hybrids seems  to give higher grain yield but very less fodder as compare to traditional/ landraces. Animals are the major role players/recycler in sustainable agriculture  and once shortage of fodder in system –animal exclude that  throw farmer in vicious cycle of debt and we all know the culmination of this vicious cycle.  Landraces are more resilient to climate change/climatic extremes too – the major challenge  coming on   agriculture.  Can we compare only the grain yield ?

Now my request is please not just compare organic to chemical in terms of yield only its will be a great mistake to understand organic philosophy and it will be just doing organic with conventional  farming mentality  that never gives long term sustainability. 

This is a challenging question many times raised by policy makers and others in front of true organic researchers and to prove better productivity he start comparing the organic to the conventional in terms of grain yield only.  Is there any logical methodology to compare organic to conventional- in terms of soil health, environment impact, biodiversity status , social impact, human health impact  etc. in one calculation and in one experimental layout. 

Please share your views.

Arun K Sharma, Jodhpur,India

 

A variety of wireless soil moisture sensors used in smart irrigation systems?

What are the most important phases of change detection ?

in arcgis or envi 

In https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305851288_FOODIE_DATA_MODELS_FOR_PRECISION_AGRICULTURE we are trying to define Open Data model for Precision Farming. We see as one from weakest point of current precision farming technologies, that farm information are distributer in numbers of different systems. Are we able as ICT producers, hardware producers, service organization and other able to agree some common models for data sharing?

it is look likes we need to establish anew branch in Agriculture that could provide researchers with the latest development of the results of using ITC, RS,GIS,Geo Informatics,E-agriculture and precision agriculture. Some thing like gbif in biodiveristy,may be AGG. 

It has been highlighted time and again that the farmers should go for precision agriculture to  save on cost of cultivation,increase productivity and increase the input use efficiency.How the resouce- poor farmers having small holdings implement precision farming ?In what aspects of agriculture one can go for precision agriculture? Are there lowcost and  feasible technologies/ techniques for implementation by resource- poor farmers?

I wish to do precision agriculture of banana and I am planning to cultivate 1 ha of banana and wish to use nano-fertilizers for macro and micro nutrient supply. I am also interested to study the effectiveness of nano-fertilizers and also the environmental impact.

Could someone give me an idea of the "prescriptive planting" technique and its implications? I read about it in this article

which of course does not go deep in the details. I would appreciate any additional information you would be so kind to share, be it technical details or opinions.

Just taking samples from the topsoil? And what depth is for you the top soil => ploughing depth (e.g. 25 cm) or working depth e.g. working depth of the cultivator (e.g. 12 cm)? And what does the difference from 12 cm to 25 cm mean for the calculating of the right amount of nutrients?

Or do you recommend to do the soil sampling for the analysis of P, K and Mg for the subsoil also?

To have soil samples for the topsoil (0 -30 cm) and from the subsoil (30 – 60cm), does make it senses? And how do you will take the results from the subsoil into account for the calculating of the right amount of nutrients?

Thank you for your answers!

Best greetings from Osnabrück, Stefan Hinck

i want to know if there is an equation to compute the miminum sample to take in the field.

can I get more information about mechanization and automation in Precision Agriculture especially in Malaysia?