Precipitation - Science method

We propose an atomistically informed Eshelby's inclusion analysis to investigate the morphology of secondary phases, which elastically interacted with each other through their respective local strain fields. Using the proposed method, we predict the morphology of-hydride precipitates and cracks, which interacted in the-Zr matrix. Planar cracks nucl...

This study explores the effects of Re and Ta interactions on TCP (topologically close-packed) phase precipitation in experimental alloys under long-term thermal exposure. TCP phase is thoroughly examined and analyzed in terms of its location, morphology evolution, structural identification, and phase transition, employing thermo-dynamic calculation...

Due to the inherently limited ductility at room temperature, cracks were almost inevitable in additively manufactured tungsten (W). In this study, we propose a novel W-5 wt.%Re-C ternary alloy with exceptional crack suppression fabricated using laser additive manufacturing. We analyze the advantageous effects of solutes on properties of the W matri...

Twelve factors were tested for a correlation with highest total hours of sunshine in a month in red millipedes Centrobolus. Hours of sunshine throughout the year (r=0.6818, r2=0.4649, n=22, p=0.000472), temperature (r=-0.549, r2=0.3012, n=22, p=0.008142), surface-area-to-volume ratio in males (Pearson's r=0.39827777, Z score=1.83771325, n=22, p=0.0...

Seven factors were tested for correlations with air pressure in red millipedes Centrobolus. Highest ocean water temperature (r=0.72988143, Z score=1.85694712, n=7, p=0.03165928), latitude (r=-0.41899808, Z score=-1.94614434, n=22, p=0.02581863), altitude (r=-0.8701, r 2 =0.7571, n=22, p<0.00001), minimum precipitation (r= 0. 37536159, Z score=1.720...

The minimum temperature with the highest and lowest ocean water temperature across the distribution of pill millipedes Sphaerotherium Brandt, 1833 was calculated. There was a correlation between the minimum temperature with the highest ocean water temperature across the distribution of pill millipedes Sphaerotherium (r=0.7714, r 2 =0.5951, n=7, p=0...

Four factors were tested for a correlation with the month with the lowest number of rainy days in red millipedes Centrobolus. The temperature (r= 0.4528, r 2 =0.205, n=22, p=0.034336), minimum ocean water temperature (r=0.63447460, Z score=1.83435052, n=9, p=0.03330093), mean ocean water temperature (r=0.66698284, Z score=1.97254540, n=9, p=0.02427...

Precipitation was tested for a correlation with ten factors in red millipedes Centrobolus. Precipitation was correlated with temperature (r= 0.5369, r 2 =0.2883, n=22, p=0.009967), longitude (r=0.7355, r 2 =0.541, n=22, p=0.00101), latitude (r=0.6515, r 2 =0.4245, n=22, p=0.001009), highest ocean water temperature (r=0.6812, r 2 =0.484, n=9, p=0.04...

This research focused on the application of Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Boosted Trees (BT) algorithms for simulating precipitation and runoff in two stations, Akhula and Pole Senikh, in the Tabriz Plain, Iran. Meteorological and hydrometric data were collected from 24 stations in the Tabriz watershed, obtained from the Regional Water Company a...

Los balances de agua y energía en cuencas hidrográficas condicionan la formación del terreno, la distribución y productividad de la vegetación. Se define el número adimensional de Budyko, B, como la relación entre la precipitación media anual (P) y la evapotranspiración potencial media anual (PET), B = P / PET, en cuencas hidrográficas. Este número...

En este trabajo se sintetizaron polvos cerámicos pertenecientes al sistema SnO2 –Bi2O3, a través de los métodos de precipitación y precursor polimérico (Pechini). Estos métodos permitieron obtener partículas nanométricas, con alta pureza química. Los polvos obtenidos se caracterizaron utilizando análisis térmico (ATD/TG), Difracción de Rayos X (DRX...

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behaviors of over-aged and peak-aged AA7075 aluminum alloys in a 5%wt NaCl solution were compared. Even though the over-aging process induced intergranular corrosion (IGC), it decreased the SCC susceptibility of the material. Grain boundaries (GBs) with misorientation angles less than 30° and the grain matrix wer...

No presente trabalho objetivou-se compreender a ocorrência integrada das inundações, bem como das intervenções antrópicas na bacia do rio Macabu, Rio de Janeiro, atentando para seus efeitos sobre o uso da terra e cobertura vegetal. Para tanto, criou-se um banco de dados georreferenciados multicriterial em ambiente SIG (ArcGIS 10.6.1), onde foram an...

La degradación del suelo tiene como consecuencia directa la pérdida de la biodiversidad, la emisión de gases efecto invernadero y el desbalance del ciclo hidrológico del agua, reduciendo la capacidad productiva del suelo y la respuesta de este a las enmiendas y actividades de conservación, generando bajos rendimientos y mayores requerimientos hídri...

The maximum precipitation was tested for a correlation with sexual size dimorphism in 22 species of red millipedes Centrobolus. The maximum precipitation was correlated with sexual size dimorphism (r=0.36070812, Z score=1.64635478, n=22, p=0.04984535) (y = 28.40641634 · x + 77.13654581). Maximum precipitation was also correlated with latitude, long...

The mating frequency was tested for correlations with sixteen factors in red millipedes Centrobolus. The mating frequency was correlated with precipitation (r= 0.61, r 2 =0.3721, n=16, p=0.012102), temperature (r=-0.9255, r 2 =0.8566, n=16, p<0.00001), (maximum) temperature (r=-0.9255, r 2 =0.8566, n=16, p<0.00001), (minimum) temperature (r=-0.9255...

Eleven factors were correlated with surface area in red millipedes Centrobolus. Surface area in males was related to minimum temperature (r=0.50039879, Z score=2.39668833, n=22, p=0.00827199) (y = 77.98258868 · x + 355.58447284) and surface area in females was related to minimum temperature (r=0.60055443, Z score=3.02513656, n=22, p=0.00124267) (y...

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal mostrar as diferenças climatológicas presentes no município de Vitória da Conquista – BA, provocado principalmente pela topografia e pela geomorfologia local. Para isto foi realizado um levantamento na literatura existente sobre a geomorfologia regional, levantamento de dados de precipitação e temperatura...

Twenty factors were tested for correlations with curved surface areas in red millipedes Centrobolus. Surface area was related to female curved surface areas (r=0.999, r 2 =0.998, n=22, p<0.00001) and male curved surface areas (r=0.9993, r 2 =0.9986, n=22, p<0.00001). Species volume was related to female curved surface areas (r=0.9269, r 2 =0.9279,...

The average temperature, minimum temperaure, maximum temperature, precipitation, humidity, number of rainy days, and average sun hours across the distribution of Centrobolus millipedes was estimated for one calendar year. Maximum, minimum, Population Standard Deviation, Sample Standard Deviation, Population variance, and Sample variace for each of...

Alterações no regime pluviométrico aumentam o grau de incerteza em relação à disponibilidade de água, o que pode afetar diversas áreas da sociedade e do meio ambiente. Essas alterações podem ser em escala local, conforme resultados obtidos por Santana et al. (2020), que analisando os eventos de seca na bacia hidrográfica do rio Paraíba do Sul, obse...

Precipitation behaviors of Ni-Cr-Co-based superalloys with different Ti/Al ratios aged at 750, 800, and 850 °C for up to 10,000 h were investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The Ti/Al ratio did not significantly affect the diameter of the γ′ phase. However, the volume fraction of the γ′ phase increased with increasing Ti/...

Precipitation was claimed to increase over Asian-African summer monsoon (AAM) regions during past interglacial epochs and also under future global warming scenario. Using CMIP6 model experiments, this study compares the simulated changes of AAM in Last Interglacial (LIG) and Mid-Holocene (MH) to that global warming scenario. Moisture budget analysi...

Radar reflectivity images have the potential to provide vital information on the development of convective cloud interiors, which can play a critical role in precipitation prediction. However, traditional prediction methods face challenges in preserving the high-frequency component, leading to blurred prediction results. To address this issue and a...

Accelerated advances combined with climatic events can potentiate soil erosion in naturally unstable areas. The objective of this work is to analyze how, spatially, climatic extreme events (via precipitation) and the advance of anthropic actions affected soil erosion in the Canoas River Basin. The study area is located in the state of Santa Catarin...

Introduction: In recent years, species distribution modeling, a technique that allows studying the distribution of organisms in each space, has become widespread. Objectives: This study aims to analyze global trends of tree species distribution modeling in the period 1990-2022, by reviewing the scientific literature. Materials and methods: We analy...

La población del sector Magllanal es una zona amenazada por el desborde de la zanora Magllanal a causa de eventos de altas precipitaciones pluviales, ocasionando la activación de esta con movimiento de flujos de agua y lodo a gran velocidad, trayendo consigo daños en la población, la infraestructura pública y vial. El objetivo fue determinar el niv...

Hyperglycemic emergencies [diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)], are acute and potentially life-threatening metabolic complications of diabetes mellitus. These crises result from uncontrolled hyperglycemia, leading to a cascade of metabolic derangements usually precipitated by several factors. Understanding and...

Projected changes in precipitation and temperature for Guatemala were examined using the phase 6 dataset of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). CMIP6 models project alterations in annual mean temperature and precipitation in Guatemala relative to the current climate. A set of 25 CMIP6 models project a continuous increase in annual me...

Chemical kinetics studies the rate of chemical reactions. In education, explaining its concepts in a practical way improves student understanding. This work uses Lego pieces as an analogy to teach chemical kinetics. Concepts such as chemical reaction, reaction rate, chemical equilibrium, reaction order, and affecting factors (concentration, tempera...

Remote region is normally considered a receptor of long-range transported pollutants. Monitoring stations are important platforms for investigating the atmospheric environment of remote regions. However, the potential contribution of very local sources around these stations may produce important influences on its atmospheric environment, which is s...

Reproductive characteristics (e.g., pollen, strobili, cones, seeds, and fruit) are one of the main tools in sustainable forestry. However, many biotic (e.g., growth characteristics, species, population, and individual) and abiotic (e.g., edaphic, climatic, geographic, and year) factors can affect these characteristics. In this study, the impact of...

Silk fibroin (SF) and sodium alginate (SA) are natural polymers with interesting properties to produce biomaterials. Blends of these polymers form a complex protein–polysaccharide system where phase separation can be observed. Therefore, the thermodynamic analysis of this system is important to understand the interaction between the polymers and pr...

We experience life and interact with others in a multitude of ways. The term ‘neurodivergence’ refers to variations from what is considered typical or normal. Neurodivergence influences an individual’s behaviour in social situations and is associated with atypical emotional responses. This can precipitate inequity and rejection. Neurodivergent fema...

A 78-year (1944 to 2021) long chronology has been developed using tree ring analysis and climatic data. It was found that the radial growth of P. roxbur-ghii is significantly influenced by both temperature and precipitation. While precipitation had a mixed impact on growth, showing positive associations inJanuary and December to February-April thes...

The present study was performed on three versions of 7075 alloy to which Sc or Sc + Li was added. The alloys were subjected to various aging treatments. The microhardness results show that the highest value of hardness was achieved when the alloy containing Li + Sc was aged at 120 °C for 24 h whereas the minimum level was exhibited by the base allo...

This study aimed to investigate the influencing factors and characteristics of granule morphology through approximately 500 d of long-term monitoring of two types of anaerobic–aerobic phosphorus-accumulating organism (PAO) and anaerobic–anoxic denitrifying PAO (DPAO) sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). The results show that granules were present in t...

Nitrogen (N) resorption is an important pathway of N conservation, contributing to an important proportion of plant N requirement. However, whether the ratio of N resorption to N requirement may be affected by environmental factors, mycorrhizal types or atmospheric CO2 concentration remains unclear. Here, we conducted a meta‐analysis on the impacts...

A Precipitação Máxima Provável (PMP) desempenha um papel crucial no dimensionamento de grandes estruturas hidráulicas. O método estatístico de Hershfield (1965) é amplamente utilizado para estimar a PMP, porém estudos indicam que esse método tende a fornecer estimativas mais elevadas em comparação com outros métodos estatísticos e hidrometeorológic...

Le bassin versant de Tassaout, situé dans un climat semiaride, se caractérise par des précipitations modérées, une rareté de l'eau et une répartition inégale de celle-ci. Dans cette zone d'étude, la source d'Ain Assayoune Tagoundaft joue un rôle crucial dans le développement de la région en fournissant de l'eau potable et en permettant l'irrigation...

Para lidar com a imprevisibilidade climática e a demanda por água, a modelagem hidrológica global tornou-se uma ferramenta importante para compreender a distribuição espacial e temporal dos recursos hídricos. Diversos modelos hidrológicos globais vêm sendo implementados e aprimorados com o objetivo de reduzir as incertezas na avaliação do fluxo de...

Existing studies contend that latent heating (LH) will replace sensible heating (SH) to become the dominant factor affecting the development of the Tibetan Plateau vortex (TPV) after it moves off the Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, in the process of the TPV moving off the TP requires that the airmass traverse the eastern slope of the Tibetan Plateau...

This study presents the analysis of the spatial variability of precipitation in the territory of the Geopark Seridó, State of Rio Grande do Norte, based on statistical parameters and the aid of GIS techniques. For this purpose, data from 14 rainfall stations, distributed in the interior and close to the territory, were used for the period from 2005...

La cascarilla de arroz es un desecho agro-industrial que se produce en altos volúmenes en zonas donde se siembra y se procesa la planta de arroz; este desecho se puede utilizar como fuente de silicio para la obtención de silicatos de calcio. Los silicatos de calcio se utilizan en la fabricación de ladrillos de cal y arena, en la industria del cemen...

Palavras-Chave multi-temporal semiárido geotecnologias RESUMO A Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Sucuru-PB abrange uma área de 1.652,5 km², e requer monitoramento eficiente de seus recursos naturais. O Sensoriamento Remoto (SR) emerge como uma ferramenta crucial para essa finalidade. Este estudo teve como objetivo a análise da dinâmica do Índice de Vegeta...

Los ríos son ecosistemas que albergan una variedad especies y contribuyen al crecimiento de las comunidades que se desarrollan a lo largo de sus riberas; sin embargo, estos ecosistemas hídricos son afectados por el clima global. En particular, el fenómeno de El Niño/Oscilación del Sur (ENSO) tiene un impacto directo en los ríos, debido a los cambio...

This article presents the results of an experiment to measure the mass of contaminants naturally deposited on the surface of photovoltaic modules. Six types of PV modules included in the installation located on the roof of the C3 building (AGH campus, Krakow, Poland) were tested. More than 120 contamination samples were collected during the experim...

The recent development of satellite products for observing precipitation based on different technologies (microwaves, infrared, etc.) allows for near-real-time meteorological studies. The purpose of this article is to evaluate 11 satellite products (GHE, PDIR, IMERG-Early v6, IMERG-Late v6, CMORPH v0.x, CMORPH-RT v0.x, GSMaP-NRT v7, GSMaP-NRT-GC v7...

The prelude to the Danube flood in June 2013 was an outstanding amount of precipitation that fell in only a few days’ period. The meteorological conditions for the formation of the falling precipitation are examined, the rain falling between May 30 and June 2, corresponding to two and a half months’ amount, plays the main role. The cause of the for...

Entre el 17 y 23 de agosto, un río atmosférico zonal (RAZ) generó abundantes precipitaciones en Chile Central, desencadenando inundaciones, anegamiento y remociones en masa, particularmente en la Cordillera de la Costa. En la comuna de Lolol (6800 habitantes; Región de O'Higgins), 5130 personas fueron afectadas y 710 de ellas damnificadas. Localmen...

Precipitation concentration indices have become a popular tool for analyzing the structure of daily precipitation amounts. Among the existing indices, the concentration index (CI) is widely used. In calculating the CI, an important aspect is adjusting the Lorenz curve based on the observed precipitation data. Usually, the fit has been carried out w...

The presence of the dizinc magnesium (MgZn2) phase in Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy significantly enhances its mechanical properties due to the high density, uniform distribution, and fine size of the MgZn2 phase. While previous studies have focused on precipitation evolution during solid solution and aging, little attention has been given to dissolution behav...

The complex interplay between the drivers of dam failure and climate change factors constitutes a central focus of this study. Variations in temperature and precipitation patterns have profound effects on dam storage volume, quality and structural stability. This research serves two purposes. First, it employs the Wroclaw Taxonomic Method (WTM) to...

We combine a multi-country household panel dataset with high-resolution gridded precipitation data to investigate how cumulative climatic shocks affects the decision to leave the households in five sub-Saharan African countries. We find that while the effect of recent adverse weather shocks is on average modest, the cumulative effect of a persisten...

The variability of the summer North Pacific Subtropical High (NPSH) has substantial socioeconomic impacts. However, state‐of‐the‐art climate models significantly disagree on the response of the NPSH to anthropogenic warming. Inter‐model spread in NPSH projections originates from models' inconsistency in simulating tropical precipitation changes. Th...

Nas zonas tropicais, as práticas agrícolas estão intimamente ligadas à estação chuvosa. Em culturas de ciclo anual como a soja, semeadas e colhidas durante este período, a produção enfrenta desafios relacionados as estiagens durante o cultivo, os veranicos. Diante disso, objetivou-se analisar a influência do veranico na demanda hídrica da soja cult...

The excessive exploitation of groundwater is becoming a serious global issue. Different from other regions, groundwater extraction in coastal areas usually stops and moves inland after causing seawater intrusion. The abundant salt fields in the Laizhou Bay area of China provide a unique case of maintaining high-intensity underground brine mining ev...

A model for vacancy annihilation during aging has been combined with a precipitation model for coupled nucleation, growth, and coarsening in AA 6xxx series aluminum alloys. The simulation results were compared with precipitation parameters from TEM measurements and hardness data obtained for various times during artificial aging. Both simulations a...

Introducción: En los últimos años se ha generalizado el uso de modelos de distribución de especies, una técnica que permite estudiar la distribución de organismos en un espacio determinado.Objetivos: Analizar las tendencias mundiales de estudio de los modelos de distribución de especies arbóreas en el periodo 1990-2022, a través de la revisión de l...

Archives of composite weather radar images represent an invaluable resource to study the predictability of precipitation. In this paper, we compare two distinct approaches to construct empirical low-dimensional attractors from radar precipitation fields. In the first approach, the phase space dimensions of the attractor are defined using the domain...

Umbrales de alerta para lluvia con afectación agrícola. Los siguientes cuadros se los realizo para contar con una referencia para comparación al momento de emitir una alerta agrometeorológica por este tipo de amenaza en el SENAMHI. Umbrales de alerta para lluvia en 24 horas, con afectación agrícola. ZONA AGRÍCOLA TIPO Lluvia en 24 horas (l/m²) NIVE...

Based on the daily data of temperature and precipitation from 7 meteorological stations in Maowusu Sandy Land from 2000 to 2020, linear regression analysis was used to clarify the characteristics of temperature and precipitation changes in the study area. The results show that the temperature in the Mu Us sandy land showed an overall upward trend f...

Umbrales de alerta para lluvia con afectación agrícola. Los siguientes cuadros se los realizo para contar con una referencia para comparación al momento de emitir una alerta agrometeorológica por este tipo de amenaza en el SENAMHI. Umbrales de alerta para lluvia en 24 horas, con afectación agrícola. ZONA AGRÍCOLA TIPO Lluvia en 24 horas (l/m²) NIVE...

Análisis de variación interanual de precipitaciones de 176 estaciones meteorológicas de Bolivia

Background and Aims Plant traits are the results of plant evolutionary and environmental drivers operating at different scales. Although the relationship between above- and below-ground traits of terrestrial plants has been advanced, little is known about above- and below-ground traits of wetland plants, their relationship and influencing factors a...

A calcium carbonate concrete (CCC) was made based on recycled concrete fines (RCFs) and CO2. Results showed that the hardening mechanism of RCFs-based CCC is due to the entangled aragonite crystals generated at the contacting areas of particles. A dual precipitation process happened in the CCC-making process, while the hardening mechanism is ascrib...

The gas nitriding of Ti13Nb13Zr alloy was performed in a pure nitrogen atmosphere at 1200 ℃ with different holding times. The variations in the phase constituents, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the nitriding layer with depth were characterized by SEM, XRD, and nanoindentation. Depending on the phase distributions in depth, the nitrid...

The diurnal cycle is often poorly reproduced in global climate model (GCM) simulations, particularly in terms of rainfall frequency and amplitude. While improvements in the regional climate model (RCM) with bias‐corrected boundaries have been reported in previous studies, they assumed that diurnal patterns are simulated correctly by the GCM, potent...

Atmospheric precipitable water vapor (PWV) is a very important meteorological factor for weather forecasting and climate change monitoring. GNSS observation and ERA5 reanalysis for the period of 2010–2022 are used to analyse the overall and seasonal distribution and interdecadal trend of PWV in North America. The results indicate that GNSS and ERA5...

This study analyses climate change impact on groundwater resources in ten different locations across Nigeria using the bias-corrected and statistically downscaled CMIP6 dataset at SSP585 scenario. The research combined historical data (1971-2005) with future projections up to 2041, showing increased precipitation, runoff, and groundwater recharge...

In recent years, the effects and consequences of climate change have shown themselves by creating irregularities and trends in the essential climatic variables. In most cases, the trend of climatic variables is associated with periodicity. In this study, the trends and periodicity of these data (precipitation, temperature, evapotranspiration, and n...

The high temperature strengthening mechanisms in Al-Cu-Fe aluminium alloy was analysed basis on a comprehensive microstructural study of the ascast alloy and mechanical testing results. An approach which extracts the specific contribution of solid solution atoms, precipitates, and Fe-rich particles to the creep strengthening was utilized. Additiona...