Science method
Precipitation - Science method
. Precipitation occurs when a local portion of the atmosphere becomes saturated with water vapour, so that the water condenses and "precipitates," in the form of rain, drizzle, sleet, snow, graupel, or hail.
Questions related to Precipitation
I have used the QIAGEN DNeasy kit to obtain fecal prey DNA from an herbivore and a few of the samples have higher polyphenol levels, which have given a yellowish tint to the final eluted DNA solution.
Should I go ahead with Geneclean (suitable for 200–20 kb) DNA purification from solutions or the traditional ethanol and sodium acetate precipitation to remove the PCR inhibitors in the form of polyphenols and other plant secondary metbolites?
I am synthesizing a rare earth metal oxide based nanocomposite using citrate sol gel method which includes ammonium molybdate also as one of the starting material. during heat treatment there is formation of white colored precipitate that i assume to be due to ammonium compound. Lease anyone clarify this and suggest solution to avoid this problem.
For my own research, I use LSTM and MLP algorithms, where weather data is part of the input data. Unfortunately, data related to temperature and precipitation have not been recorded in many time periods, and the number of empty data is high. What is the solution to manage this missing data?
Has any one worked on Meteosat 8 MSG data i need to process the data fro estimation of precipitation.
If it is allowed, can you suggest similar studies that uses GNSS-derived PWV in estimating evapotranspiration? Thank you!
Hi everyone,
I recently conducted an immunoprecipitation (IP) experiment to isolate my protein of interest, which has a molecular weight of around 25-28 kDa. To minimize interference from IgG chains, I used a TrueBlot secondary antibody. However, I am unsure if my target protein was successfully precipitated, as I still observe strong double bands around the 25-28 kDa range. Additionally, I was unable to detect any co-immunoprecipitated proteins.
Could anyone suggest possible reasons for these issues or provide tips on how to improve my results? Any advice for troubleshooting would be greatly appreciated.
Thank you!
We are synthesizing ciprofloxacin-loaded albumin nanoparticles. Albumuin nanoparticles is synthesized with proper size. Zeta potential and stability by desolvation method. The problem is precipitation of ciprofloxacin-loaded albumin nanoparticles when we add ciprofloxacin-HCl (about 10 mg/ml) whether during albumin nanoparticle synthesis or after it for encapsulation of ciprofloxacin into albumin nanoparticles. We guessed that it maybe because of decreasing the pH of reaction by ciprofloxacin-HCl but initial increasing the pH of ciprofloxacin-HCl even to 11 did not solve the problem.
What is your suggestion for preventing the precipitation of ciprofloxacin-loaded albumin nanoparticles?
Thank you in advance
What is an artificial way of producing precipitation from clouds and process of synthetic rain and what are its effects and side effects?
Do all types of clouds produce rain? Is there a type of cloud that does not produce rain and type of precipitation growth can occur in cool clouds?
Why is it foggy when there are stratus clouds and kind of cloud has the highest probability of precipitation?
I plan to use CMIP6 data, specifically from the EC-Earth3-Veg GCM (for historical runs and all SSPs), for climate modeling. However, I need clarification on the variables such as precipitation_flux, air_temperature, surface_air_temperature, and others. Is there a comprehensive document that lists all the variables used in the model, along with their descriptions, units, and any scaling factors?
In order to apply the Mann Kendall test on annual rainfall precipitation data, I would like to check the autocorrelation in my data, so I made the autocorrelation plots, however, the interpretation of the plots still ambigued, I want to know when exactly to say that that particulat time series is autocorrelated, does it depends on the number of exceeded spikes? or on exceedence of a certain spike in certain specific lag?
for example the following plot, can I consider it an not significantly autocorrelated and use Mann Kendall test directly without prewhitening?
We have an Eppendorf Concentrator plus complete system, with the included F-45-48-11 rotor. I can't get it to spin, only dessicate (and when it does this it just vibrates slightly, leaving the solid precipitate all along the sides of the sample eppendorf tube walls).
On the 'CEFU' or 'C-' settings, the rotor moves slightly, clicks and the screen says 'Error 2'. Would anyone be able to advise what I should do? I have checked in the product manual and have tried moving the rotor by hand which works. There is nothing obstructing the rotor, no problem with max load (the error message occurs even when the rotor is empty), and it looks like the rotor is mounted correctly.
Thanks so much and all the best!
We are preparing one solution of different organic acids, but our target ph is 4.5, but due to acid nature of solution its pH ranging below 1.2-1.5. We tried to balance the ph with KOH, NaOH but both are not suitable, its start precipitating. Is there any other alternate and plants safe chemicals are thare to balance it ..?
After lysis of bacterial cell whenever I went for centrifugation every time my supernatant(have protein of interest) got mixed with pellet even centrifugation at very high (g) and low temperature also.
need your kind suggestion
Hello forum members,
I'm conducting research on vegetable oil fingerprinting. I need annual precipitation (rainfall) data for provinces in Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Specifically, I don't know what it is called but, I need the **single annual precipitation value** (in millimeters) for each province for the years 2018 or 2019 or later, just any year after 2016, or maybe average monthly rainfall data. A data that can differentiate and groups between provinces.
Could anyone kindly provide this data or guide me to reliable sources where I can obtain it? Your assistance would be greatly appreciated!
Thank you in advance.
Best regards,
Note: I actually also need temperature and humidity data, but it's a bonus.
I am culturing HEK293 cells. When I plated these cells in a 96-well plate, the cells looked healthy and there were no precipitates. However, after I dosed them with the drug RITA, they developed these precipitates after 24 hours.
I will make solution containing Mo, Fe, Al etc.
So I will mix NaMoO4, Fe2(SO4)3 etc. in solution.
When Sodium contact with Sulfur, How change?
will they make Sodium sulfide or precipitate?
Please tell me your knowledge ~~~~
I am working on an acetyltransferase that is highly unstable. Its pI is 6.65, and its molecular weight is around 18 kDa. The protein elutes at 1M imidazole and begins to precipitate immediately after elution. After testing various pH levels and salt concentrations, I have been able to stabilize it in MES buffer at pH 5.5 with 1M salt and 5% glycerol, by immediately diluting it after collection. The highest concentration I achieved was approximately 6.67 mg/mL, which was only possible by adding 50 mM EDTA post-elution. This addition seemed to stabilize the protein, but I am uncertain if this approach is optimal, and replicating the results has been challenging.
However, when I try to concentrate it using a concentrator, its concentration rapidly decreases after buffer exchange. I have tested the flow-through, and the protein is not present there. I have also tried flushing the concentrator membrane with buffer, but there is no protein stuck to the membrane either. Only a negligible amount is precipitated. I am unable to determine what is happening to the protein. My eventual goal is to crystallize the protein.
Thank you.
What is the easiest way to download daily precipitation data for CMORPH, PERSIAN, TRMM and CHIRPS?
I wanted to do protein structural analysis, but for me the possible way for protein extraction is precipitation followed by dialysis, is this ok? if not then, why? I am doing this experiment for unknown total proteins from 3 different treatments. After that i wanted to do structural characterization to identify the difference. I also want to clarify that, my research does not focus mainly on protein, its just a part of my overall plan.
I don't have access to daily precipitation. Can I use monthly precipitation for running the HEC-HMS model?
Let me know your expertise in Hec-HMS modeling.
Thank you in advance for your kind help.
As the experts know, to calculate rain energy and erosivity factor, rainfall intensity data in short periods of time is needed.
Climate change-induced shifts in precipitation patterns are reshaping the availability and quality of freshwater resources worldwide. Join us in examining the far-reaching implications of these changes, exploring adaptation strategies and resilience-building measures to safeguard our water security in the face of a changing climate.
I purified my recombinant GST-tagged protein in Tris buffer at pH 7.6 (the protein’s PI is 7.11) using a 50 mM reduced glutathione concentration in the elution buffer. However, after dialysis to remove glutathione, the protein is precipitating.
What should I do in such kind situations? For how much time I should do dialysis?
I have 2 2 2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate polymer solution and I want to separate polymer from solvent , I used methanol but my polymer solution in methanol seemed cloudy . How can I precipitate polymer? which solvent is appropriate?
Hello! I am currently running a western blot using human AD tissue samples. I prepared these samples over a year and a half ago. I am having trouble standardizing these proteins with Beta Actin. I have ruled out other parameters that could be causing the problem. Therefore, I am wondering if my tissue samples are no longer reliable. In addition to this, I noticed that when i thaw my samples, there is a good amount of precipitation. I just vortex and spin down to mix the samples thoroughly.
For my results, I keep seeing bands stuck in the wells and multiple faded bands. Of course when I first ran these proteins, the beta actin signal was clean and neat.
If someone could please elaborate on what could be causing this. In addition, I would appreciate if you could provide how long samples last and if there is a way to troubleshoot this.
Thank you!
P.S. Samples have been stored in -20 C fridge.
Hi, all
I am doing the liposome flotation assay. In the end, I precipitated the protein and then ran the sds-page. But every time I could not see my protein in the gel, it was almost gone, maybe just like a shadow. I asked my colleagues, and they said something wrong happened during my precipitation. I want to find the reasons. Please provide some suggestions for me.
Here is my TCA precipitation protocol:
1. add 1 volume TCA to 10 volumes of my sample, and incubate 30min at 4C
2. centrifugate at 15000rpm, 20min, 4C
3. discard supernatant, and wash with acetone two times (then centrifugate at 15k, 5min, 4C)
4. remove acetone carefully; avoid touching the white precipitation
5. air dry overnight
6. dissolve in 2X loading buffer for SDS-page on the second day
Thank you!
April
I'm trying to remove acrylamide and lactide from the medium that didn't react to form the macromonomer
i am refolding protein by gradient dilaysis in which i gradually decrease concentration of urea by gradient dialysis. however im not getting surety wheather denaturant has been completely removed from my protein or not.No precipitation has been observed throughout dialysis.
Does the concentration of CO2 gas in the atmosphere cause warming of the earth's atmosphere? Or does it lead to less rainfall when it warms up? Or does the warming of the earth's atmosphere lead to an increase in rainfall on the earth's surface?
Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity (ECS) is the global mean change in surface temperature for a doubling of CO2 from the pre-industrial (PI) value. ECS is one of the key metrics used in assessing future global warming, and therefore plays a very important role in climate change related policy-making. One important question in this regard is how ECS changes in a warmer world. Several studies found that ECS increases at higher CO2 concentrations (e.g., Bloch-Johnson et al., 2021; Colman & McAvaney, 2009; Gregory et al., 2015; Meraner et al., 2013). And, more recently, Mitevski et al. (2021) found a non-linear and non-monotonic dependence of ECS on CO2 concentrations. In addition to the surface temperature response, the precipitation response is another critical aspect of climate change. To evaluate precipitation changes, the key metric used is Hydrological Sensitivity (HS). HS is defined as the difference in global mean precipitation per one degree of global mean temperature change from the PI control state. Previous studies have explored the response of the hydrological cycle to global warming by examining HS in terms of the global energy budget, and have described the mechanisms affecting it (e.g., Allen & Ingram, 2002; Held & Soden, 2006; Jeevanjee & Romps, 2018; O'Gorman et al., 2011). The fact that HS is energetically constrained means that the precipitation response can be separated into fast and slow components. The fast response depends only on the CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere, before the surface temperature has time to warm, and results in a decrease in precipitation. The slow response, in contrast, is associated with surface warming, and results in an increase in precipitation (Andrews et al., 2010).
Reply to this discussion
James Garry added a reply:
Mr Kashani,
You have written two rather facile queries, and part of a third.
"Or doe"
Abbas Kashani added a reply:
Does the concentration of CO2 gas in the atmosphere cause warming of the earth's atmosphere? Or does it lead to less rainfall when it warms up? Or does the warming of the earth's atmosphere lead to an increase in rainfall on the earth's surface?
James Garry added a reply:
Abbas,
1) Yes, the rising carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere does lead to an increase in the surface and globally-averaged air temperature.
2) As the partial pressure of water vapour is a strong function of temperature (and that vapour is also a 'greenhouse gas') we expect to see a rise in the global humidity - that in various locales should result in more rainfall.
Neither of these are contentious matters and are well-addressed in the literature.
2)
Article More rain, less soil: Long-term changes in rainfall intensit...
I recommend Google Scholar.
Very useful.
When I precipitate a polymer, it forms a liquid precipitate. I want to obtain a solid form. I usually use methanol as the antisolvent. Can someone provide information about this situation...?
So I'm using TRIzol for RNA extraction, but suddenly I'm getting no pellet during the isopropanol step *even though I added glycogen.*
A few weeks ago I:
1. Took a large quantity of bacteria
2. Resuspended in TRIzol
3. Made a bunch of aliquots
4. Stored them all at -80
And those couple weeks ago, I was getting~50 ug of RNA per aliquot (with good RINs, and they looked great on RNA gels).
Yesterday, I took another aliquot and tried to prep it using the exact same process, and got nothing. No pellet appeared during the isopropanol precipitation step even though I added GlycoBlue.
I continued the purification to see if the pellet was just hard to see: ~0 ng/uL by nanodrop
Did I just make a pipetting error? Was my isopropanol bad? No: I repeated the repeated the process *again* with completely new sample, completely new isopropanol, and still no pellet at all.
I'm confident I'm lysing my samples well. I optimized the lysis a while ago, but even before optimization, my yields were never this bad.
I'm sure I added the GlycoBlue. I watched it diffuse into my sample.
I'm sure I added isopropanol. I watched the alcohol/water mix and used brand new isopropanol.
I'm sure I mixed the isopropanol/aqueous phase. I watched it carefully.
I'm sure I actually spun my samples. I tried it over and over.
Protocol:
1. Take bacteria+TRIzol aliquot from -80 (which used to give ~50 ug)
2. Lyse via bead beating (same beads, same bead beater, same settings, same duration that gave 50 ug in the past)
3. Add 0.2 V chloroform
4. Centrifuge 12k xg for 15 min
5. Take upper, colorless aqueous phase
6. Add 1 V of RT isopropanol
7. Add ~30 ug GlycoBlue
8. Invert a bunch of times to mix well
9. Incubate 10 min RT
10. Centrifuge ~20k xg for 10 min
Nothing. No pellet at all. Even with glycogen.
I tried spinning again: No pellet
How is this possible?
Does the concentration of CO2 gas in the atmosphere cause warming of the earth's atmosphere? Or does it lead to less rainfall when it warms up? Or does the warming of the earth's atmosphere lead to an increase in rainfall on the earth's surface?
Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity (ECS) is the global mean change in surface temperature for a doubling of CO2 from the pre-industrial (PI) value. ECS is one of the key metrics used in assessing future global warming, and therefore plays a very important role in climate change related policy-making. One important question in this regard is how ECS changes in a warmer world. Several studies found that ECS increases at higher CO2 concentrations (e.g., Bloch-Johnson et al., 2021; Colman & McAvaney, 2009; Gregory et al., 2015; Meraner et al., 2013). And, more recently, Mitevski et al. (2021) found a non-linear and non-monotonic dependence of ECS on CO2 concentrations. In addition to the surface temperature response, the precipitation response is another critical aspect of climate change. To evaluate precipitation changes, the key metric used is Hydrological Sensitivity (HS). HS is defined as the difference in global mean precipitation per one degree of global mean temperature change from the PI control state. Previous studies have explored the response of the hydrological cycle to global warming by examining HS in terms of the global energy budget, and have described the mechanisms affecting it (e.g., Allen & Ingram, 2002; Held & Soden, 2006; Jeevanjee & Romps, 2018; O'Gorman et al., 2011). The fact that HS is energetically constrained means that the precipitation response can be separated into fast and slow components. The fast response depends only on the CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere, before the surface temperature has time to warm, and results in a decrease in precipitation. The slow response, in contrast, is associated with surface warming, and results in an increase in precipitation (Andrews et al., 2010).
Dear Research Community,
I am encountering a significant hurdle in my research involving enzyme inhibition testing. The inhibitor I am investigating exhibits solubility exclusively in DMSO, rendering it insoluble in aqueous environments such as the 100mM phosphate buffer I am utilizing for enzyme kinetics studies. Upon attempting to incorporate the DMSO-dissolved inhibitor into the reaction mix, it precipitates out, leading to haze formation in the solution and hindering accurate data collection.
I am seeking insights and suggestions on how to effectively address this challenge. Specifically, I am interested in methodologies , or alternative solvents that could facilitate the integration of the inhibitor into the reaction mix without inducing precipitation. Additionally, any advice on modifying experimental conditions or buffer compositions to mitigate this issue would be greatly appreciated.
Thank you in advance for your expertise and assistance.
Hello,
I do IP using HA-tagged beads. One of my proteins through which I precipitate complex has HA-tag. I see this protein (with HA-tag) after IP. The signal is strong and bright.
The complex contains several proteins. For each protein I do separate western blot (I have different membranes for different proteins - I do not do re-probing). Proteins without HA-tag are not very abundant in the precipitated complex and I need use Clarity max (Femto) staining to see them. As a result I see as proteins that I try to detect as HA-tagged protein. The signal from HA-tagged protein is weak but it is still crucial for me because one of proteins that I am looking for has size slightly bigger than HA-tagged protein.
I tried to use true blot secondary antibody but it did not helped. I tried to use different primary and secondary antibodies, for example antibody fro HA-tagged protein is produced in mouse and I use anti-rabbit primary and secondary antibody for other protein of my interest but it did not helped.
I do blocking of membrane in 5% milk with tween-20. Primary and secondary antibodies are also diluted in milk. As an option I tried to block membrane and incubate with antibodies in 5% milk with TBS-T and wash it with TBST but it did not helped.
I cannot increase number of washes because I will loose proteins without HA-tag.
Does somebody has an idea how to solve this problem?
When mixing the Algal Trace Elements Solution for COMBO medium, I had the problem that there was insoluable precipitation before and after autoclaving (in several trials). (Re)heating and stirring could not do anything.
I am afraid the same will happen again as there are particles floating around after adding metal solutions before autoclaving. But I really do not know what I did wrong. I dissolved NaEDTA well in MiliQ water before adding FeCl3 to it, dissolving it als well and I carefully put in the metal salt solutions in given order, everything like I did before. Before I try it next again, I might need to change something... What do you think? Should I decrease the concentration of metals by a certain factor (maybe 10) and put in more of that in the final medium for the right end concentration?
Dear colleagues, we are now analyzing fecal samples with the MS but some precipitates occur after the SP3 digestion and elution. We are trying to understand the cause and identify ways to remove them as they harm the LC columns. Thank you for your help and your suggestions.
All the best
Giacomo
Tengo una columna de la variable de "precipitación" donde predominan los ceros y hay valores altos. No he podido transformarla para obtener una distribución normal, ya he usado métodos de log, log10(x+1), ln, sqrt, inversa, arcoseno, yeo-johnson, y no lo he conseguido. El obetivo de mi trabajo es determinar si variables del ambiente (precipitación, temperatura, luminosidad) afectan en las actividades del mono nocturno Aotus lemurinus (patron de actividad, dieta, rangos hogar y área núcleo), el análisis se quiere hacer mediante LMM. Como podría obtener normalidad en la distribución de esa variable ?
I purified a protein containing His tag via Ni-NTA chromatography wherein the protein was eluted in elution buffer containing 500mM imidazole, 50 mM Tris, 500mM Nacl. Since my next step of purification was Ion exchange chromatography, I dialyzed the protein in dialysis buffer containing 50mM Tris and 5mM beta mercapthoethanol. However, in the third round of dialysis, I observed extreme precipitation of the protein.
Kindly let me know what can be done to reduce the precipitation.
Hello everyone, I am trying to create a simple model using the HEC-HMS to obtain the value of runoff volume and peak discharge for a river basin. The problem is I do not know which method (transform, loss, routing, baseflow, type of precipitation) should I utilize. Please suggest a suitable and simple model to run in HEC-HMS to get my desired data. Currently, the data that I have are precipitation data, stream flow data, terrain data, curve number, and LULC data.
Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) utilizes the enzymatic activity of ureolytic bacteria to transform urea into carbonate ions, which subsequently precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the presence of calcium. This process can immobilize heavy metals through co-precipitation with CaCO3, reducing their mobility and bioavailability. Research investigating MICP for heavy metal immobilization focuses on understanding the role of both microbial processes, particularly urea hydrolysis by ureolytic bacteria, and the chemical reactions involved in co-precipitation, including the influence of various environmental factors.
I am doing protein estimation from fish tissue by Bradford's method but after adding the reagent cbbg- 50mg, ethanol-50ml, ortho-phosphoric acid- 100ml in 1L soln precipitating clot is shown even in the standard BSA solutiin. Each test tube contain. 0.1 ml sample+0.9 ml phosphate buffer+5ml bf reagent.
What is the TRMM satellite precipitation program? And how can it help humans?
as you know :
GPM can provide worldwide rain and snow data at any time
Using microwave and infrared technology. The TRMM sensor package has been expanded with GPM, which improves the ability to observe precipitation. GPM nuclear observatory to two-frequency radar i.e. Ku and Ka bands compared to TRMM four-channel high-frequency satellites from
As a result, the microwave radiometer increases the observability for light and solid precipitation. As a result, the GPM mission can provide more. These monthly in situ gauge data will be used in the final implementation. . This GPM satellite provides very accurate and detailed, for example, GPM rainfall measurements across India. GPM satellite data enables the researcher to study various hydrological applications such as climate research, drought monitoring, flood forecasting, agricultural planning. Etc . Uncertainty in satellite precipitation data caused by several factors including spatial and
study time scales; It has reported some key factors such as instrumental uncertainty, sampling uncertainty, recovery. Algorithm uncertainty, regional and topographic effects and side data are necessary to pay attention to.
I synthesized the polymer using DMF as the solvent. After synthesis, I precipitated the polymer in IPA. I think this solution is a colloidal solution. If my assumption is correct, how can I precipitate it?
We have expressed our protein in chloroplast when we add extraction buffer it get precipitate soon after centrifugation as this is real quick even we don't have a time to prepare sample for SDS-PAGE and Bradford. We have changed the buffers and tried Tris, HEPES, Phosphate and got some how comparable results with HEPES then we check the concentration variables of HEPES from 50mM to 100mM, EDTA from 10mM to 20mM, PEFA-BLOC (protease inhibitor) from 1 to 5mM but it does't working. We have tried TCA/Aceton precipitation, 8M urea treatment in both extraction and sample buffer but still the problem is there
my sample has Cu, Cd, Zn, NaOH, and H2SO4. I expected to see cu precipitation at this pH.
Hi!
I'm using the TRIsure method to isolate proteins and RNA from tissue (the procedure is similar to Trizol method). I usually store the RNA precipitacion with isopropanol at -20°C overnight for the next day I get the pellet. Could RNA be left in isopropanol more days, like all weekend, without effects on quality? Thanks
I am trying to isolate DNA from clay soils from a rice paddy field. With the standard protocol of the Power soil kit, it doesn't work at all, probably because the clay sequest the DNA and it is eliminated with the humic ácids and others.
I've tried to use 1M Phosphate buffer/15% ethanol as I've read in one article, but it doesn't work so well for us. Is a solution that precipitate and it forms some crystals that may contain the DNA, so after all the protocol, the yields of DNA are low.
Has someone some experience with that? Thank you!
Hello,
I am looking for the best downscalling technique to correct precipitation climate change dataset. I am not sure about which of these two methods is more robust for my task.
Thanks!
I want to downscale future precipitation data for my project but I have only 12 years data of observed precipitation data. Could anyone let me know if it is sufficient to use and would it generate appropriate future scenarios?
Dear all,
I am going to derive the precipitation data from NETCDF files of CMIP5 GCMs in order to forecast precipitation after doing Bias Correction with Quantile Mapping as a downscaling method. In the literature that some of the bests are attached, the nearest neighborhood and Inverse Distance Method are highly recommended.
The nearest neighbour give the average value of the grid to each point located in the grid as a simple method. According to the attached paper (drought-assessment-based-on-m...) the author claimed that the NN method is better than other methods such as IDM because:
"The major reason is that we intended to preserve the
original climate signal of the GCMs even though the large grid spacing.
Involving more GCM grid cell data on the interpolation procedure
(as in Inverse Distance Weighting–IDW) may result to significant
information dilution, or signal cancellation between two or more grid
cell data from GCM outputs."
But in my opinion maybe the IDM is a better choice because I think as the estimates of subgrid-scale values are generally not provided and the other attached paper (1-s2.0-S00221...) is a good instance for its efficiency.
I would appreciate if someone can answer this question with an evidence. Which interpolation method do you recommend for interpolation of GCM cmip5 outputs?
Thank you in advance.
Yours,
I was preparing a PDA media with different concentrations(200,500&1000ppm) of chromium chloride. But there would always be precipitate, the components are not mixing well. I tried hot stirrer to mix, but the result were same.
Hi everyone!
I want to work with CHELSA monthly time series (v 2.1).
After downloading all layers for a bunch of years' mean temperature and total precipitation I have noticed that precipitation values are significantly higher than what I would expect. Following the Technical Info I have divided the precipitation values by 100 to get kg per square meter but still, the values are very high and very different to any other model.
I do not know what I am doing wrong. Please help!
I'm focusing on bias-correction and downscaling the output of GCMs for the scenarios of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6)—shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). I intend to do it for sub-daily rainfall (i.e. 3-hr rainfall). Thus, I'm interested to learn basically about the concepts, methodologies, considerations, technical approaches(i.e. any programming codes or software). Can anyone please help me in this regard? To be honest I'm a bit new in this field so some basic conceptions can also be very helpful. I intend to work in R so codes in R would be better. Which statistical approaches would be better? Like Quantile mapping or SDSM?
How do nutrients flow through the Earth's spheres and which of the processes that cycle matter through the biosphere is involved in the formation of clouds and precipitation?
Most studies have found that hydrolase activity is positively correlated with precipitation. What perspectives can we understand that the activity of hydrolase decreases after rainfall decreases?
Please help me. Suppose I am making ZnO nanoparticle. I used ZnSO4 salt and NaOH as reducing agent. Finally I got precipitation. Usually I need to centrifuge, wash and dry to get ZnO nanoparticle. But my question is- without drying, what is inside the precipitation after wash? Can I use this as nanoparticle?
Do you ever have precipitation problem during preparation?
I have daily precipitation data for 30 years and I calculated runoff using SCS CN method. My runoff is greater than my precipitation. What might have been the reason? How do I rectify this error?
I have a question, I have noticed that when I extract dna, in the last step when I resuspend in either 50 microliters of TE buffer or water, the total precipitated dna doesn`t solubilizes. I haved tried to incubate for one hour at 65º degrees but it doesn`t always work, does someone have some tip?
After acquiring TEM images, we could use Image software to determine size and projected area fraction of precipitates. However, TEM foil is indeed a three-dimensional object. How to determine the volume fraction of precipitates?
Adding lime in the process, apart from the formation of calcium sulfate compound in the neutralization stage with sulfuric acid,if have the negative effect on the precipitation process of metals from the leach solution?
Hello everyone,
I am trying to isolate antimicrobial peptides from plants. After precipitating the peptides with acetone, most of the pellet (peptides) did not dissolve. I used dH2O/PBS to dissolve the pellet. I do not want to use SDS or urea to dissolve the pellet because it will affect my cell culture experiment.
This is my peptides isolation protocol:
-The plant material was ground in a blender. For extraction, 10% CH3COOH (Acetic Acid) in the presence of a commercial proteinase inhibitor was added to the floured plant parts (added to the ground material at a ratio of 1:10 (w:v)).
- The extraction was carried out with continuous vigorous stirring for 1 h at room temperature. After 1 h, mixture was sieved; fine particles were separated by centrifugation at 4700 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant was filtered through a Whatman paper filter.
-Cold acetone (-70 °C) was poured into the filtrate at a ratio of 1:7 with gentle stirring; the mixture was then kept at +4 °C for overnight.
-After this time, the suspension was centrifuged at 4700 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant was removed and the resulting fraction was dried at room temperature. The dried precipitate was redissolved in dH2O or PBS.
When I tried to prepare a solution of enzalutamide of 1000 uM in cell culture medium from a solution of 1 M of enzalutamide in DMSO the drug precipitated. I've tried changing the pH and the temperature but without success. :( Any tips?
What is the next step i can move on to with this material to create some value-added product
I have downloaded 5 years daily precipitation data of MSWEP, but i havent succeded in subsetting it for Indonesia region and make pandas dataframe of it using python. Please advise?
I am trying to prepare a Ni-based catalyst(Ni/Ce2O3) by co-precipitation method. I was wondering what is the best precipitation agent and PH.
Is there a method or equations that can be used to proved the relationship between water content and precipitation?