Polyesters - Science topic

This study investigates the development and characterization of hardwood charcoal-reinforced polyester composites prepared with varying particle sizes (75, 150, 250, and 300 μm) and filler loadings (5–30 wt. %). Hardwood charcoal was milled, sieved, and incorporated into a polyester matrix. Water absorption tests revealed minimal uptake across most...

To fabricate recyclable catalytic materials with high catalytic activity, Se4+@TiO2 photocatalytic materials were synthesized by the sol–gel method. By introducing free radicals on the surface of polyester (PET) fabrics through plasma technology, Se4+@TiO2/PET composite photocatalytic materials with high photocatalytic activity were prepared. The s...

The aerial root of Ficus benjamina L. was reinforced with polyester-based bio-composites that were fabricated using the manual lay-up cum compression method. The composite’s mechanical, thermal, and fractographical properties were investigated using tensile, hardness, impact, water absorption, thermo gravimetric analysis, and scanning electron micr...

This study examines the relationship among the density, crystallinity, and moisture barrier properties of poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA), poly(d‐lactic acid) films (PDLA), and their PLLA/PDLA blends (85/15, 70/30, 50/50, and 30/70). Amorphous film samples display densities between 1,230 ± 6 and 1,243 ± 2 kg m⁻³, while semi‐crystalline samples show high...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by all cell types into the extracellular environment. A subset of EVs, known as exosomes, range in size from 30 to 200 nm and are of biochemical interest due to their function as vehicles of intercellular communication. Their ability to transport proteinaceous species and genetic material at the cellular le...

Synthetic textile production is a major contributor to global waste growth, a phenomenon exacerbated by population growth and increased consumption. Global fiber production is expected to reach 147 million tons by 2030. New insights into recycling solutions are being developed. For example, progress has been made in recycling fibers such as polyest...

Ballistic impact protection has been enhanced through the use of advanced materials, such as shear thickening fluids (STFs) and auxetic structures. These materials provide high energy absorption, flexibility, and comfort, offering promising solutions for the development of lightweight and effective personal protective equipment. The combination of...

The significant waste generated by the fashion industry necessitates sustainable textile recycling strategies. Polyester, made from poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), is abundant in post-consumer textiles. Technologies have been developed to convert low-density garment waste into flakes, but the role of color sorting in achieving uniform aesthetic...

Glycolysis is one of the most promising closed‐loop recycling technologies for PET textiles; however, its efficiency is compromised by the presence of dyes, which inhibit the repolymerization of the depolymerized monomer, bis(hydroxyethylterephthalate) (BHET), into high‐quality recycled PET (rPET). In this study, hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents...

The rapid depletion of fossil fuels and, more importantly, the environmental challenges associated with their use, have driven efforts to transition toward biomass-derived platform molecules with the aim of producing...

The removal of the As(V) and Iprodione fungicide onto EGS@APTES-GT, obtained by amino-modified expanded glass spheres (EGS) modified with goethite, was studied in this work. Material characterization was performed using SEM/EDS, XRD, and FTIR techniques. The adsorption capacities of 51.01 and 94.28 mg g−1, for As(V) and Iprodione removal at 25 °C,...

Most domestic and industrial waste, along with plastic litter from São Paulo city, flows into the Tietê River. Microplastics (MPs) from water column and sediment samples of the Tietê River, a marginal lagoon, and Peixe River (tributary) were analyzed to verify microplastic contamination downstream the São Paulo metropolitan region. Water samples we...

Many new active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) demonstrate high hydrophobicity and low water‐solubility issues. In this regard, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) have been extensively used as drug delivery carriers for the encapsulation of such APIs. One commonly used polymer is polyethylene glycol (PEG), owing to its biocompatibility, high water so...

Malaria control in highly endemic regions relies heavily on vector control tools, particularly LLINs. The effectiveness of LLINs varies by eco-epidemiological conditions and brands. A comprehensive review of WHO interim-approved LLIN brands is necessary to address this variability. This systematic review screened 145 articles, refining them to 27 e...

Son yıllarda, kanser için kullanılan ilaçların yarattığı yan etkileri ortadan kaldıracak ve terapötik etkiyi arttıracak yeni ilaç taşıma sistemlerinin geliştirilmesine yönelik çalışmalar hız kazanmıştır. Grafenin en iyi bilinen türevi olan grafen oksit (GO) katkılı polimerik nanokompozit filmlerin kimyasal ve mekanik olarak kararlı olması, iyi biyo...

Managing junctional hemorrhage is challenging due to ineffective existing techniques, with the groin being the most common site, accounting for approximately 19.2% of potentially survivable field deaths. Here, we report a bicomponent nano- and microfiber aerogel (NMA) for injection into deep, narrow junctional wounds to effectively halt bleeding. T...

Upgrading polyester waste into high value‐added chemicals can achieve carbon recycling, which is of great significance for sustainable development. Herein, we report a one‐pot protocol to oxidatively degrade polycaprolactone (PCL) with air into adipic acid (AA) mediated by ionic liquid (IL, e.g., 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfo...

Polymers have been widely developed as alternative materials to replace metal materials due to various advantages such as low density and an easy manufacturing process. Still, polymers have many disadvantages, including not having high mechanical strength, easy to crack when hit by impact. One of the materials studied is an unsaturated polyester po...

Natural fibers such as doum, jute, and hemp are emerging as alternatives to glass fibers for reinforcing polymer composites. However, the hydrophilic nature of natural fibers often leads to poor adhesion with hydrophobic polymer matrices. This results in inferior mechanical properties of the composites. This study aimed to investigate the effect of...

Biointerface decoration with ligands is a crucial requirement to modulate biodistribution, increase half-life, and provide navigation control for targeted micro- or nanostructured systems. To better control the process of ligand functionalization over three-dimensional (3D) polyester surfaces, we report the characterization of hybrid proteins devel...

The materials used as filaments for additive techniques should exhibit various properties depending on the application and the requirements. The motivation for this study was the need to obtain a filament exhibiting appropriate aesthetic (metal-like) and mechanical properties. Glycol-modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) copolymer (PETG) and microm...

Non-conjugated polymer dots (NC-PDs) are a new class of fluorescent nanoparticles that show desirable properties such as high fluorescence, excellent brightness, high photostability, and synthesis simplicity. In this work, we synthesized highly fluorescent non-conjugated polymer dots by a hydrothermal method from polyester prepared from polyethylen...

Conventional superhydrophobic coatings frequently incorporate thermosetting resins as substrates, which are challenging to recycle. This study explores the application of ester‐exchange degradable 4,5‐Epoxyhexane‐1,2‐dicarboxylic glycidyl ester (DGEAC) combined with structurally engineered and perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (POTS) modified carbon bl...

The forensic examination of semen is essential for criminal investigations in sexual assault cases. However, detecting semen on clothing is often challenging, especially when the body has been buried, due to environmental degradation and fabric type. Our study evaluates semen stain stability on different fabrics buried in soil. Semen samples were a...

The performance, biodegradability, and recyclability of polymers can be tuned during synthesis by adopting monomers with different chemical characteristics. Recent research has shown the aptness of some hydrolases to depolymerize polyesters under mild conditions compared to chemical approaches. Herein, we engineered a cutinase from Thermobifida cel...

Microplastic (MPL) abundance in the environment and the biosphere is a grave problem that is confounded by many aspects with one vital aspect being the characterization of their heterogeneous matrix. Currently, spectroscopy, chromatography, and soxhelation aid in this matter. However, many of these techniques are time-consuming for MPL characteriza...

Reporting accurate microplastics concentrations across environmental matrices is imperative for robust monitoring and regulation. However, recovering microplastics from complex matrices, such as soils and sediments, is hugely challenging. Numerous methods have been published to facilitate microplastics extraction from such matrices, but these proto...

Multiblock copolymers (MBCPs) comprising polyester and polyacrylate segments offer an efficient strategy for enhancing the performance of polyester and polyolefin blends but synthesis and structural modification of these MBCPs remains challenging. Here, we propose a method for synthesizing MBCPs via the switchable polymerization of epoxides, cyclic...

Recent advancements in smart textiles have facilitated their extensive application in wearable health monitoring, particularly in brain activity measurement. This study introduces a flexible and washable fabric dry electroencephalography (EEG) electrode designed for brain activity measurement. The fabric dry electrode is constructed from electrical...

The review paper explores the innovative utilization of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste in synthesizing advanced polyester resin-based composites, particularly through integrating metallic nanofillers. PET, a highly durable and versatile polymer, poses significant environmental challenges due to its non-biodegradable nature and exte...

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) held promise as a bio-based thermoplastic material, however, its industrial applicability was impeded by factors such as large spherulite size, brittleness, and suboptimal processability. To overcome these limitations, a bio-based engineering polyester elastomer (BEPE) was introduced and blended w...

Municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Gauteng, South Africa, are inadequately designed or optimized to effectively remove microplastics (MPs), resulting in approximately 80% of wastewater being discharged into aquatic ecosystems with insufficient treatment. This study evaluates the prevalence and abundance of MPs in municipal WWTPs and t...

After injury, the imbalance of the regeneration microenvironment caused by inflammation, oxidative stress, insufficient neurovascularization, and inadequate energy supply affects nerve regeneration. Drug‐delivery nerve conduits play a role in repairing the regenerative microenvironment. However, traditional drugs often fail to cross the blood‐nerve...

CLASSIFICATION, TYPES AND USES OF POLYESTER RAW MATERIALS IN TEXTILE INDUSTRIES تصنيف وأنواع وإستخدامات خامات البوليستر فى الصناعات النسيجية أولا: الأسماء العلمية وتصنيف وأنواع خامات البولى أستر فى الصناعات النسجية ثانيا : أنواع البولى استر "المتحلل" الصناعات النسجية البولي استر المتحلل، أو ما يُعرف أحيانًا بالبولي استر القابل للتحلل، هو نوع...

Talipot palm tree (Coryphe umbraculifera) is a plant species of eastern–southern countries. Like other palm species, talipot palm fiber exhibits potential as a reinforcement in polyester composites. Due to the unevenness present in the fiber body, natural fibers show different values for the same mechanical property across their length. Due to thes...

This paper aimed to test the epoxy and polyester blends as an organic coating on mild steel against the harsh marine environment (NaCl 3.5 wt%) that causes corrosion. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and fitting impedance data by ZsimpWin 3.22 software were used to estimate the barrier of the samples for different exposure times (30...

This study aimed to extract Citrus aurantium L. (bitter orange) peel essential oil (CPEO) and test its repellent effect against Culex mosquitoes by incorporating it into textiles in the form of microcapsules. CPEO was obtained from dried citrus peel using the hydrodistillation method with the Clevenger apparatus. Microcapsules containing the essent...

Two‐photon polymerization (2PP) 3D printing enables top–down biomaterial synthesis with nanoscale spatial resolution for de novo design of monodisperse injectable drug delivery systems. Spatiotemporal Controlled Release Inks of Biocompatible polyEsters (SCRIBE) is a novel poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)‐triacrylate resin family with sub‐micron resolu...

The textile industry consumes large volumes of freshwater, producing enormous wastewater containing chemicals from dyeing and bathing, but also microplastics concentrations that have not been deeply studied. Liquid wastes from the synthetic and natural textile manufacturers were treated with a new disruptive technology (Adiabatic Sonic Evaporation...

Long-chain polyesters were prepared by melt polymerization using tetradecanedioic acid (TA) and aliphatic diols containing C2-10 as raw materials. The materials were characterised using a range of analytical techniques, including tensile testing, rheological testing, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), differenti...

Photoreforming presents a promising strategy for upcycling waste polyester‐derived alcohol into valuable chemicals. However, it remains a great challenge due to its low performance and unsatisfactory selectivity toward high‐value C2 products. Here, we report the highly efficient and selective conversion of ethylene glycol (EG, a monomer of polyethy...

This study involves finding the combined effect of natural fiber and synthetic fiber for laminar structured hybrid polymer composites. The composites were fabricated using the hand lay‐up technique with an unsaturated polyester resin matrix, chemically treated short Luffa fiber (LF) varying from 2% to 8%, sandwiched between two layers of woven glas...

Biobased organic diols derived from the phenolic aldehyde by-products in the depolymerization of lignin (4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, and syringaldehyde) for the synthesis of polyesters and polyurethanes is described. Methods to prepare lignin-based diols involved a two-step synthetic route using either a hydroxy alkylation and aldehyde reducti...

Plastic waste pollution is escalating globally at an unprecedented pace, with a significant measure of this waste remaining unrecycled. Hence, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a biogenic polyester, as a potential alternative to synthetic plastics has been intensively studied over the years. PHAs are biodegradable and biocompatible polyester produced b...

The mooring departament has the Grapnel in its list of equipment, which is probably the most iconic and representative equipment for mooring and anchor handling activities. This article presents the application of two innovative tools based on modified Grapnels of 400t SWL, one developed for cutting polyester ropes and the other for lifting mooring...

The growing environmental impact of textile waste, fueled by the rapid rise in global fiber production, underscores the urgent need for sustainable end-of-life solutions. This review explores cutting-edge pathways for textile waste management, spotlighting innovations that reduce reliance on incineration and landfilling while driving material circu...

The use of metals in the industrial world is increasing, so their existence is becoming increasingly rare. This encourages people to think creatively in looking for alternative materials that are easier to obtain and available in abundance, one of which is material made from composite thatch stalks. Composite is a material consisting of two or more...

Indonesia, which has a tropical climate, is one of the largest producers of cane sugar in the world. Therefore, waste from the sugar cane production process has the potential to be an alternative material for composite material fillers, as it is easily available and environmentally friendly. Along with industrial development, innovation in composit...

The use of natural fiber-based composite materials is a key focus in reducing dependence on synthetic materials in the automotive industry. This study examines the impact of fiber volume fraction and orientation variations in Pandanus Tectorius fibers on the tensile strength of composites as an alternative material for car dashboards. These fibers...

The wearable and flexible pressure sensors have gained significant attention due to their capability of transducing the physical phenomena like pressure and temperature into electrical signals. This study assessed the feasibility of poly(L‐lactide) (PLA) nanocomposite films prepared by the solvent evaporation method and integrated it with knitted c...

Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) has emerged as a promising bio‐based material for packaging applications. However, linear PBS can form branched chain structures during continuous processing, as we have previously shown for commercial samples (see J. Hallstein, et al., J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2021; 138:e50669). Fumaric acid moieties were identified as “...

2D photothermal membranes have demonstrated numerous advantages in solar desalination due to their flexibility, scalability, and low cost. However, their practical applications are limited by the restricted evaporation area and obstructed vapor channels. A biomimetic design of the breathable 2D photothermal fabric is reported, which is composed of...

This study investigates the impact of polycarbonate diol (PCDL)-modified toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-based polyester polyurethane polishing pads on the chemical mechanical polishing of 4H silicon carbide (4H-SiC) substrates. Employing a unique metho, PCDL alters the ratio of polyurethane soft and hard segments, facilitating the one-step synthesis of...

Maleic anhydride (CAS: 108-31-6) is a very interesting molecule since it has both a C=C bond and an anhydride carboxyl in its structure, forming a strained and very reactive five-membered cycle. This reactivity allows it to be used as a raw material both in the laboratory and industry. Important industrial substances such as tetrahydrofuran, butyro...

The objectives of this research were 1) to test the properties of the woven fabric from Dendrocalamus asper (D.asper) fiber blended with recycled polyester(r-PET), and 2) to study the design factors and evaluate the satisfaction with the new textile products. This is a mixed method research study, the results of which indicated that the physical pr...

Molecular weight decrease caused by thermal, hydrolytic, and mechanical degradation of PLA is a major concern during melt processing. Modeling and predicting degradation is essential to minimize material deterioration and material property changes. Current kinetic degradation models show potential to describe degradation, but they are limited to rh...

Contamination by microplastics (MPs) has the potential to rank among the world’s most significant environmental issues. Despite the fact that MP contamination is a global problem, little is known about the time variation of MPs in agricultural soil and its faunal communities which represent a key role to risk assessment. This study represents a fir...

Microplastics (particles < 5 mm) are pollutants of emerging concern in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Streams are key sites of microplastic input, retention, and transport, and empirical measurements of microplastic movement in lotic ecosystems are needed to inform global microplastic budgets. However, factors that influence microplastic retention i...

To improve wood utilization in the field of construction engineering, a fiber reinforced recycled composite wood was successfully prepared using waste wood, polypropylene and polyester fiber in this work. The polypropylene was utilized as a hot melt adhesive and the fiber was employed as a lashing bundle, which both enhance the mechanical property...

Renewable 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid-based polyesters are one of the most promising materials for achieving plastic replacement in the age of energy and environmental crisis. However, their properties still cannot compete with those of petrochemical-based plastics, owing to insufficient molecular and/or microstructure designs. Herein, we utilize th...

One of the most challenging aspects in the manufacture of composite materials is understanding how the geometry and distribution of the inclusions influence their thermal and mechanical properties. In this study, we report the longitudinal thermal properties of vertically aligned graphite rods embedded in a polymer matrix with various geometric arr...

This study aims to develop a nonwoven material with excellent conductive properties. We first used four nonwoven materials, namely viscose, polypropylene (PP), nylon, and polyester (PET), as substrates to prepare conductive nonwovens by polymerizing pyrrole monomer and ferric chloride as raw materials. After preliminary experiments, we chose the vi...

High‐performance packaging for condiments, such as hot sauce in meal, ready‐to‐eat (MRE) rations for military personnel, is critical to ensure food quality and safety. This study addresses possible packaging solutions by examining the performance and degradation of multilayer packaging films when exposed to hot sauce. The research involved creating...

A thorough summary of the current state of study on snail shells as motivation for engineering materials both in science, technology, and other areas of applications is given in this review article. Snail shells, which are the bio-shell trash left over from restaurants, cafes, or snail vendors, pose a significant environmental risk despite having l...

Experts suggest wearing a face mask during a radiation emergency if it is impossible to get inside immediately and high-level protective respirators are unavailable. This study quantitatively investigated seven face mask materials’ ability to block radioactive alpha and beta radiation. Rayon fiber, pure cotton, paper fiber, polyester fiber, nonwove...

Hydroxyl-terminated poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA-OH) and poly(butylene carbonate) prepolymer (PBC-OH) were synthesized via ring-opening(ROP) polymerization of lactide and ester exchange polymerization of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and 1,4-butanediol (BDO), respectively. Subsequently, a chain extension reaction was conducted using diisocyanate as a chain...

Microplastics (MPs) have been studied across coastal waters as they impact on ecological integrity of those sensitive ecosystems. Under this context, spatiotemporal variability of MPs level is a potential confounding factor to be concerned. The present study describes short-term spatiotemporal variability of MPs distribution in water and sediments,...

Metal complexes of hyperbranched polymers have attracted attention as potential catalysts due to their unique, tunable structure. Hyperbranched polyester polybenzoylcarbamate was synthesized by the reaction of second-generation hyperbranched polyester polyol with benzoyl isocyanate. The structure was studied by ¹H, ¹³C NMR, and IR spectroscopies. T...

Sea anchors are crucial for stabilizing fishing vessels and improving operations, specifically for jigging vessels. Their effective performance depends on design and material choice, with the canopy material playing a key role. We compared the drainage and drying rates of sea anchor canopies made from polyamide (PA) fabric, polyester (PES) fabric,...

This study presents a method for preparing biobased cellulose diacetate (CDA)/polyester blends. The method involves melt blending CDA with polybutylene adipate (PBS), polybutylene adipate/terephthalate (PBAT), or poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) without the addition of any small molecule plasticizers, with the inclusion of 0.5 phr phosphite antioxidant Bi...

The Schwartz's reagent Cp2Zr(H)Cl is a well known stoichiometric reagent for the reduction of unsaturated organic molecules but it has rarely been used in catalytic transformations. Herein, we describe the reduction of a variety of organic carbonates using the catalyst Cp2Zr(H)Cl in combination with Me(MeO)2SiH (DMMS) as reductant. This method was...

The use of indigo carmine dye in the textile industry, particularly in denim production, presents a significant sustainability challenge due to the large amounts of wastewater generated by this process, since this fabric is one of the most produced around the world. In order to face challenges like this, effluent treatment using polymeric materials...

This study presents a detailed analysis of hybrid composites fabricated using the hand lay‐up method with unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) reinforced by glass fiber (GF) and varying contents of maize fiber (MF). The performance of these hybrid composites were compared with neat UPR, GF‐reinforced UPR, and MF‐reinforced UPR composites. MF was chemi...

The treatment duration for tissue defects, such as bone fractures, can be minimized by employing scaffolds. These structures can provide mechanical stability and stimulate cell adhesion and proliferation upon implantation. Fused filament fabrication allows the production of scaffolds from biodegradable polymers while enabling control over geometry...

Smart fabrics with multifunctional properties, such as antimicrobial reduction, superhydrophobicity, and UV resistance, have been highly desirable in medical textiles and sportswear. In this study, we demonstrate a cost-effective approach to achieving these properties. A nanosolution of silver and titanium dioxide was prepared, and a dip coating me...

Currently, mainstream phthalate plasticizers pose serious threats to the environment and human health. As an eco‐friendly and harmless alternative, polyester plasticizers have garnered widespread attention. However, their complex preparation process and low plasticizing efficiency have limited their practical application. In this study, a series of...

This paper presents a dual-polarized textile antenna with an integrated polarization conversion metasurface (PCM) for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) applications. The proposed quad-band antenna design achieves linear-to-circular polarization conversion at 1.9 GHz and 6.1 GHz through a 5 × 5 PCM, enabling enhanced circular polarization performanc...