Political Science - Science topic

I have been looking in my sector as well and most of the positions require previous experience. Its' not clear what the universities want but insider news is to get some publication, gather teaching experience and have good networking to get into academia.

Discourse analysis is an umbrella term of a family of different interdisciplinary methods. Simply put, it's a useful tool. I'm convinced that the "seriousness" of results depends on research questions and objectives. Ensure that your study addresses issues that are relevant and important in your field.

Moreover, consider incorporating multimodal analysis, which includes the study of visual and auditory elements of discourse alongside written or spoken language. This can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the discourse's impact. If possible, conduct longitudinal studies to track changes in discourse patterns over time. This can provide insights into how discourse shapes or reflects social and political developments.

Finally, in the title you refer to Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The "critical" aspect of CDA signifies its aim to uncover and critique hidden power relations, ideologies, and social inequalities within discourse. It goes beyond surface-level analysis to reveal the underlying structures that contribute to oppression or dominance. CDA is not only about critique but also about social transformation. It seeks to empower individuals and marginalized groups by raising awareness of the ways in which discourse can be used to maintain or challenge the status quo. That's a very serious and important endeavour in itself. By focusing on this "critical" aspect, you will move beyond identifying communication patterns and examine how language both reflects and shapes social structures and ideologies.

The "left" -- or anyone -- goes too far when it cancels conversation.

Welcome to the tolerance witch trials:

Thank you for your response. I appreciate your suggestion that unstructured reviews are beneficial because they do not restrict or specify sources.

Dear Andrea,

do you maybe got a scan for me of the notes that Proust wrote about the inaugural lecture of Tarde? This would be of so much help for my PhD project.

Thank you very much!

Marc

I agree. Yet, it's now much worse. The reality is clearly observable here and at Academia."edu" and elsewhere in academia, etc. I call it the complex symptoms of pseudomythic neoPtolemaic orthodoxy. It maintains this 'modern' civilization's ecocidal status quo.

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Donald Schon -- in his classic "Beyond the Stable State" etc. -- called the key subliminal 'mechanism' the "dynamic conservatism" of a group's or society's 'power' structure. Of course, the main seemingly 'external' causal factors are fueled and perpetuated by the dominant elite's parasitic financial system and their essentially anti-ethical, biocidal cultural paradigm, the piracy paradigm. However, as I show in [my preprint draft of] "Trump, Hitler, Freud, and Mostrosity", the other subliminal mechanism that we see in this advanced Stage-4 phase of cultural illness can be seen as pandemic mass-authoritarian personality disorder. Worse still, the further the syndrome and catastrophic consequences are allowed to persist, the more people are either infected or more severely threatened (and damaged or worse).

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Unfortunately, the worst-case examples are Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin, Trump et al, and their loyal fanactical dupes. I use "dupes" because they have been duped, conned into believing the monstrous lies and propaganda of the malignant narcissists who maniulate and exploit them. However, as Carl Sagan sadly realized, most of us are too easily bamboozled, and the longer and worse, the less the victims want to know about it. Unfortunately, as Edward R. Murrow predicted at his farewell dinner, the world and corporate media of today were enabled by the same subliminal cowardice; and because '"most of us are allergic to reality"' and very unpleasant news.

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Now, more to the point, what could seem more unpleasant than discovering that our tenure, funding, and socioeconomic status are threatened by new and better science or maths?

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We can see this in subliminal censorship and virtual suppression (and/or ostracism) of creative evolutionaries and discoverers of unorthodox truths and realities -- proving that the status quo paradigm of 'mordern' science is obsolete and/or deficient. For example, 'successful physics experts' either refuse to seriously consider my Work or they prefer selective inattention, or hostile negativity, ostracism, or whatever. Another example of neoPtolemaic academic orthodoxy retarding progress is the nearly total refusal and/or inability of 'successful' mathematical technicians to consider any new theory or metatheory (and related proofs) beyond their view of their favorite subjects of interest and narrow domain of special knowledge. For instance, my preprint paper on the solutions of the Rieman Hypothesis (RH) and P/NP problems, Goldbach's and Collatz's conjectures (and the actual basis of geometry, mathematics, numeric logic, and physics) have been posted and circulated (via email) since 2017. Yet, not one of the many allegedly leading-edge mathematicians has read it closely, considered it seriously, understood it, reviewed it, and critiqued or recommended it.

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Now, that latter case may seem a strictly self-serving example, but none of the most well-respected 'leading-edge' mathematical technicians -- not even Riemann himself -- have found a truly satisfactory, comprehensive proof of RH or whether all complete NP problems are or are not computationally solvable as economically feasible P problems. In fact, as I show and verify in my Work, the RH and P/NP problems are perfect examples, proving that all NP problems are not quickly solvable as P problems.

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So, clearly, the real problem perpetuating the malignant decline of Stage-4 democracies infected by anti-ethical corporate monopolism and/or fascism is the systemic corruption (perverse socialization) of the egos of an ever-greater majority of seemingly trustworthy, respectable people.

Belt and road initiative@Muhammad jamshid

The United Kingdom does not have a formal leadership role within the Commonwealth of Nations, commonly known as the Commonwealth. The Commonwealth is an association of 54 member countries, including the United Kingdom, that are predominantly former territories of the British Empire. Each member country is considered equal and sovereign, with no hierarchical structure or formal leadership.

However, the British monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II, holds a symbolic role as the Head of the Commonwealth. This role is largely ceremonial and represents the historical connection between the member countries and the British Empire. The Head of the Commonwealth does not have any direct political power or authority over the member countries.

In terms of political, cultural, commercial, and touristic relations, the Commonwealth provides a platform for member countries to engage in various forms of cooperation and collaboration. It promotes dialogue, shared values, and mutual understanding among member nations. The Commonwealth offers opportunities for diplomatic exchanges, trade agreements, cultural exchanges, and other forms of engagement.

While the United Kingdom does not have a formal leadership position within the Commonwealth, it holds influence as one of its prominent members. The UK often plays an active role in Commonwealth activities and initiatives, and its historical ties and global standing contribute to its influence within the organization.

It's important to note that the Commonwealth is an evolving organization, and the dynamics of its interrelation in political, cultural, commercial, touristic, and other senses can vary over time and depend on the specific circumstances and priorities of the member countries involved.

I agree with the thoughts of Ajit Singh . Those who only think about their career usually don't write book reviews. But science is much more than one's own career. For potential buyers and readers of books, reviews are often very helpful. I have also learned a lot myself from reviewed books, particularly from those that I would not have read without the requested review. - Here are a few related discussions:

True political science can not survive without democracy, as well as democracy can not live without political science. Other political disciplines as, for example, "scientific communism" in well known totalitarian countries, do not count in this respect. Political science has implications as deeper research field, as well as political science plays an important role by mass media comments in press, television/radio, internet portals, social networks - in democracy, and - for democracy.

A work I have found useful in everyday life, as well as within the academy, has been Michel Foucault's Fearless Speech. Useful too are studies on Governmentality and BioPower.

Contemporary Political Theory has provided feedback quickly in my experience

Sharif El Masry Have a look

Political abstention has two-fold meanings/alternatives - one is very principal and honest - that You do not have any whom to choose - and You do not participate at all, the other is more practical - that You may choose the best from all bad - that is the one that is slightly better. This one is not an open, but, I think, "secret abstention", which needs to be explored by more "original" scientific research methods.

In my humble opinion , due to its accountability, a democratic government is superior than other types of governments. The quality of decisions is enhanced by democracy. A way to resolve conflicts and differences is provided by democracy. The dignity of citizens is increased by democracy.

Regards

Student unions the world over have often been a political force to be reckoned with – not least when the core issue at stake is the cost of higher education. In 2010, for example, the UK's National Union of Students managed to rally tens of thousands of students on to the streets in opposition to the Westminster governments plans to triple tuition fees in England while other countries – such as South Africa – have also seen their fair share of protests over fees from student groups. However, these days some student unions seem mired in an endless culture war stand-off with minsters over free speech, while in the UK and elsewhere others are questioning whether the shift of student interest towards single-issue campaigning has made such organisations irrelevant...

Dear Aziz Ur Rehman ,

Please find some online course for learning R on Edx and Coursera platforms.

Thanks ~PB

Dear Daniel Ozoukou

I saw your question, if not too late, I would gladly participate. In addition, I could contribute to the content of the article.

Regards, Sergey

Human rights point of view (not exactly related to the question) : Important rights often clash with each other, so that some must necessarily give way, at least partly, to others. Freedom of movement, for example, does not give a person unlimited access to another person’s private property, and murderers must generally lose their liberty to protect the lives and liberties of others. Individual rights and freedoms will also sometimes clash with a broader public interest—such as public health or safety, or national security.

See the The Concept of Representationc by [Hanna_F._Pitkin]

Visit also the following useful link: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/113462/3/Greene_ai_and_the_social_sciences_published.pdf

Dear Adrián Albala , in my opinion, a new journal may not be indexed but could be indexed by google scholar or Scopus further when someone cites the papers.

Kind Regards,

In responding to Laurits Lassen question.

If Laurits Lassen agrees to employ ARDL technique, then

In response @Oluwaseyi Ayorinde, your variables would be a mixture of I(0)and I(1)variables.

In response @Guy Melard, ARDL can run with a span of 18months (time) but note that you will need to add other variables as control variables for a good result.

All the best

The operationalization of digital capital is crucial in order to research digital inequalities. Digital capital, according to the definitions of leading authors in the field of digital sociology, agrees very well with Bourdieu's analytical focus on how capitals convert into each other, which may explain how new forms are being created inequalities or maintain existing ones. As for concrete case studies in the digital sphere, digital capital offers some handy theoretical tools that are more appropriate and specific than classical Bourdieu notions such as habitus or cultural capital. Changing the nature of the Internet and modern technologies requires both flexible theoretical concepts, and existing one's definitions and conceptualizations of digital capital can serve as a potential response to challenges of digital case studies. However, digital capital needs to be further expanded to include elements of digital culture precisely because it could adequately encompass online culture and digital products, such as online memes that are becoming increasingly popular and diverse. Recent works dealing with digital inequalities in Europe and the world show that digital inequalities in many countries can be perceived through the same social factors.

The concept, object, index and measurement method of international competition should be clearly defined. Secondly, the variable factors of international competition can play a role in diplomacy, and in what changes.

Law is a set of legal rules that regulate the life of society؟؟؟

Dear Ittai, have a look at these two websites:

Here you will find a whole lot of information on current parliamentary works, although you will need some Italian language skills to process the information.

Hope this was useful!

Best,

Anna

Hi Ivan Beroš - is the nature of the questions very sensitive? I ask because generally you can offer to anonymise the results when you code the results and store any results with identifiers in an institution's secure cloud server.

Very best wishes, James.

نعم صحيح هذا الشي الاحزاب هية المسيطر على خيرات البلاد

You could deal with the relationships between rulers, economic policies, the media and justice actions in corruption. It would be very interesting.

Very interesting question. IR is different of Political Science. The object of IR is international relations. IR studies practice of international relations. the main object of IR is the "power" in french "puissance" what power? Power of States, the father of power in IR is Hans Morghentau. Also, IR is the unique science created for talking about international issues after lacking of several disciplines to explain exactly the causal of War ( World War I and II). But PS is domestic Science that talks about power betwen several actors in a State. the french name is "pouvoir". all of them are complementary. You can know well IR if you don't know well PS of each State that you want talk.

The theoretical framework is not something that is found readily available in the literature. You must review course readings and pertinent research literature for theories and analytic models that are relevant to the research problem you are investigating.

Hi Saimum, congrats on getting your PhD done! It is a great achievement.

If you want to engage in a project on radicalism, religion, and migrants, I'd suggest looking at qualitative research methods a bit more, as you would most likely be interested in talking to people about their experiences. Some interview/focus groups training or experience could be beneficial. Sometimes you can find community-run projects to acquire those skills. Learning SPSS and Nvivo is always good.

In addition, there is a growing tendency in Political Science to be working on big data. I'd suggest you have a look at the existing projects in your area that you find fascinating and see what approaches and software they used and why, and decide for yourself if you want to study it in your own time.

I'd be happy to answer any questions, and good luck!

Best wishes,

Ana

History is good as a basis for a professional follow up degree. Political science would appear to be more related to government work or possibly a law degree. Studying international relations is a great way to gain a deeper understanding of global issues. It's an intriguing and important subject which places great emphasis on economics, culture, education, and political science and examines the impact they have on society.

Justin Patrick

Thank you for the Gaventa analysis and the ‘power cube’ approach.

What this analysis makes undeniably clear is that power is involved in creating social realities.

I would add that legitimate uses of power respect the right and ability of an individual consciousness to create its own reality. Illegitimate uses of power deny the existence of any reality but one.

The above paragraph deserves deep thought, because it is relevant to all that we see around us. E.g., the power of nature is legitimate!

Sincerely, Kurt

Also, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupy_movement

Dear Marcus,

there are many ways to infer causality in Political Science, both through qualitative and quantitative research designs. So, before anything else, you should check:

Since you are talking about correlations and random experiments, it is reasonable to infer that you are more inclined towards a quantitative research design. With this in mind, here are some readings that may be helpful.

All these readings are a little daunting. So, for starters, I also recommend Duke University's Causal Inference Bootcamp. You can find it on YouTube.

But, as I said before, causal inference can also be achieved via qualitative research designs. Research tools like Qualitative Comparative Analysis, Coincidence Analysis and Process Tracing can be used towards this goal. So I also recommend:

That's a lot to take in, I reckon. But, at the end, that's what science is all about: systematic, robust, replicable research designs. Good luck!

Best,

Breno

Great to share interesting question! I think there is not only single factor of as mentioned in the question as religious extremism or deviation in the behavior of some people or policies leading to terrorism. There may be multiple factors depending on the situations and ecology of the area such as local area, boundings, affiliations, familial background, personals choices and options, situations, community factors, socio-cultural factors, sociolizational factors, peer influence and many more. similarly, it also vary from person to person, area to area, culture to culture, community to community, and region to region. Hence, religious extremism may be one of them but not for all.

Dr Shoaib

The amount of data needed for any research depends primarily on the nature of the question being asked. The role of data is to support a logical and reasonable answer to a question asked. The role of theory is to inform question development and formulation, and to make sense of data, since data does not explain itself, nor is self-evident.

In discourse analysis a corpus or corpora should similarly be chosen based on the research question. If you can devise a research that seems worthwhile and can contribute to knowledge (standard academic criteria for research publications) then your next question is how much data is needed to provided a reasonable answer to that question. This could be a single political speech dissected systematically and thematically manually, or thousands of media articles assessed using software (for example Nvivo) and coding techiques, or somewhere in between.

Hence there is no definable correct amount of data, absent the context of the research question. In the context of a specific question the criteria is: "does this data allow me to answer my question to an appropriate degree".

Multiplier impact: consumption

Rigidity in the Constitution is a distinctive that politically ensures its supremacy and transversality

Although there may not be a consensus among Straussian scholars, we can put forward a group of thinkers inspired by him and congenial to his thought.

I would put French philosopher Michel Foucault at the top of the list and add Foucault's best reader, Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben as well.

Foucault himelf was a close reader of Strauss and recommended Strauss' Persecution and the Art of Writing to his last research assistant at Berkeley, Thomas Zummer, who passed it on to me when I was Zummer's student at the European Graduate School.

Regards,

Vincenzo Di Nicola

I believe the 2019-2021 timeframe is enough. The legal framework must provide efficacious procedures and remedies for protecting electoral rights at all stages, including voter registration, parties and candidates, resource allocation and access to the media, campaign activities, voting, counting, tabulating and declaring results.

Conflict and Peace Building in Divided Societies 1st Edition , Anthony Oberschall

I think the other journals recommended above are going to become relevant once I tested my methods in the field. I think I will come back to them then, to present some more hands-on practices following from the methodological reflection I have so far. Thank you all!

Several countries in almost all regions applied different models to try to stop the expansion of the coronavirus and all of them failed in their goals. Some countries have better control of the pandemic while in other the pandemic was and still is out of control. We have the USA models, the Chinese model, the Swedish model, the UK model, the EU model, among other models applied by developed and developing countries alike.

The information provided by governments on the situation of the pandemic within the country is important to be known by other countries because gives you a clear picture of what is really happening and if the measures adopted are really the correct ones. However, the correctness of this information does not stop the expansion of the pandemic in the country but the concrete measures adopted and, at the end of the day, everybody will know if the information provided by the government is the correct one or not.

Dear Dirk Arne Heyen, you can easily find it from google scholar. Just type your topic in it you will find many papers:

Dear Colleague,

are you interested in "the biggest" or the most relevant? You complain about "specific field of science" but ask for exactly such?

Yes, there are very general databases as well as a great number of more specific. International and national.

To guide you towards the most relevant one needs to know more about your interests.

I would rather suggest the following - if you are associated to any university (as a student, teacher, researcher) you should contact university library. Staff there conduct no research by their own, but usually is very competent in guiding students and scholars. You will learn there which databases are available for you (which are subscribed).

In short - a visit to your university library is a very good beginning.

Wish you luck

Depending on the political phenomena You need not only political science theories (as left-right division of political parties - even if it is not so evident as earlier, democracy/authoritarianism relation, power relations, etc.), but other social sciences theories - from sociology, economics, public administration, management. You need also philosophical insights, as there are certain gnoseological, ontological and axiological (values) aspects of research. Saying shortly, interdisciplinary research of political phenomena is on the wave and mostly welcomed in teaching, research and publications.

try to read economic theory and build from there

People are also welcome to post studies in English for Israeli participants on the website.

I conducting research on working women in educational institutions, who handles and continues their work at home (Work from home).

Which approach to climate change could help: technological innovation, institutional change, or individual repentance

Mahmoud Moghavvemi Worrisome matter!

Dear Prof. Mahmoud Moghavvemi ,

It was started several years ago by the Chinese communist party ChCP, and its companies such as NORINCO, by providing the following:

Unfortunately, some are doing everything to steal European identity. Such threads are obliging Poland and other countries to draw the specifed and private identity .

If I would be you, I would have followed the same models. Categorical variables, I feel are best shown by the help of logistic regression.

I think LaTeX is a good program, and it can be used effectively in political science but to replace Word.

Vardan Atoyan, Welcome.

You can use Confirmatory Factor Analysis to assess measurement equivalence, but you it would not work for comparing "every country," because you have only one set of measures for each country. One alternative would be to group countries into "sets" that might be hypothesized to have different measurement structures for your scales.

My favorite ones are comparison, case studies, and interviews.

These state constructions obeyed historical realities, particularities and circumstances. They still seers, yes. What should be discussed? If its way of functioning has implied an improvement in the quality of life of its members.

The unitary state model is a top-down construction (Colombia case), federalism is a state model built from the bottom up (US case). What have they lost? In which power has been stifled, and democracy in its classical sense has not been seen, has been manipulated mediately; and the general well-being has had not very good results.

It would be interesting to analyze the state model and the most appropriate form of government in each case, territory and region. Converting each territorial space into a micro State organized according to its own realities should be our goal.

I think some of the key issues are

- availability of big data

- availability of analytic tools that allow data to be used

- ability of think tanks to work virtually with web conferencing world wide and for workers to work remotely

- use of digital platforms to collect stakeholder and public views including public participation in creating and testing solutions

- connected to this greater ability to use international as well as national learning

- increased competition in the space occupied by think tanks means brand value and quality/perceived quality of the agency will be critical to ensuring stakeholders listen

- distrust of experts

- need for visible leadership that is tech savvy but also credible

- need to tailor messaging precisely to the target audience and deliver in the correct medium

- need for leaders at various levels in think tanks that are credible with different audiences and adept with digital and analogue channels

- ability to deliver quick, timely, analysis to meet stakeholder needs

- ability to work in partnership and share platforms with other credible stakeholders

Brilliant Akhmad Solikin Akhmad Solikin, I hadn't made that connection. But it makes all sense: this disconnect can lead to a principal-agent problem (related to moral hazard), where policymakers are the agents deciding on behalf of the principal (society), but with misaligned priorities. Christoph Schulze, sounds fantastic. Looking forward to hear more about your results. I suspect there must be more Q literature looking at this classification of respondents (policymakers vs the rest). Will keep digging... Thanks also Promila Kapoor-Vijay and Andreas. Andreas Vasilopoulos, What sort of literature are you looking at?

Hallo from Peru - you are describing actually the very same situation we are facing here. Almost all Utilities are municipal. Some 10 years ago the 6 members of the supervisory boards where apointed directly by the municipalities. Since then there where 2 steps forward, that didnt solve the problem at all, but helped:

(1) The supervisory board are now composed by 5 members: 2 from municipal governments, 1 from regional governments, 1 from the professional asociations and 1 by the civic society. That made it somewhat more difficult to change all the professional staff by unexperienced friends of the mayors. (2) The second step was, that for many positions in the utilities are now a minimum of experience and academic degrees are requiered.

“You could never convince a monkey to give you a banana by promising him limitless bananas after death in monkey heaven.”

― Yuval Noah Harari, Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind

Breno,

In general, the metrics such as ROC, AUC and the indexes of Precision, Sensitivity, F1 recall etc., have been seen to be implemented for machine learning classification results.

That being said, it is not limited/restricted to machine learning at all. As you describe, you have two classes of data. Thus, you will end up with a 2x2 confusion matrix (TP, TN, FP and FN) which can be used to interpret the performance of LR for better understanding. So, using Precision, Recall etc is certainly plausible

Moving to the second point, AUC gives the rate of successful classification a model (which, in your case is the Logistic Regression). And to be frank, LR is susceptible to overfitting. Thus, you can use AUC and/or ROC to demonstrate that.

And how useful are these indexes in Social Science research, I cannot say as I am not from the field. But my honest guess would be, by using such indexes, you can make it easier to understand your work for a reader.

PS: You can find some more information here: https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/71946/overfitting-a-logistic-regression-model

Good luck!

You can also check this one: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10258-019-00158-z

where I argue that for local governments, there are no differences for democratic performance whether party A or B is in charge. That might go in the direction you are looking for.

Lisann -- conventional pre- post- test designs do not require more than 3 years of data; they require untreated comparisons groups and an experimental group. The comparison groups need to be similar to each other and the experimental group, and in the quasi-experimental format, the subjects/units are not randomly assigned (that would be a true experimental design). In the case of the quasi-experiment, the pre-post tests are conducted within each group comparing the pre-post periods, and then across groups in the pre-periods, and the post-periods to ensure that the groups were similar when they started, and to rule out the fact that the changes, if any, for the experimental group, where due to nonexperimental condition changes. This is a basic model, and can be found in Campbell and Stanley's classic book, Experimental and Quasi-experimental designs for research (1966); or in the more recent, Shadish, Cook and Campbell, Experimental and Quasiexperimental designs for generalized causal inference.

I think a similar question of bias could be asked about scholars who study the politics of countries and case studies outside their own. Would they be bringing unique perspectives to the issues they're researching or would they be imposing a framework that may not account for all the subtle nuances of a particular country or case? As has been iterated above, I think being able to address one's own biases when conducting research would be a good step towards producing quality works of scholarship

One person's reform is another person's repression.

In the late 1950s the top tax rate in America was 90%, President Kennedy dropped this significantly, and what followed in the 1960s the American economy boomed. Is cutting the top tax rate a reform? Or does it just aid the richest Americans?

In 1919 the government made the sale of alcohol illegal. It was considered at the time to be part of the great reform and progressive movement. It led to the undying establishment of nation-wide organized crime that is still with us.

Why is no one discussing the great reform of putting an end to endless money-printing? Is that a reform that is needed? Or would that slow down the economy?