Poaceae - Science topic

Introduced annual grasses (IAGs) have invaded tens of millions of hectares of western US rangelands, displacing native vegetation and altering ecosystem functions and services. Our main goal was to assess the influence of introduced annual grasses by 1) exploring the relationships among IAG cover, species richness, diversity, and cover of other pla...

Land use transition, related to the extensification of management and agricultural abandonment, is a widespread phenomenon across European landscapes. In this study, we examined the effects of protective grassing and abandonment on soil protection and regeneration in traditional vineyards of the Vráble viticultural region, located in the temperate...

Tortoises inhabit arid regions where they may represent a significant herbivorous component, but are among the most threatened of tetrapod groups. Studying tortoise diets can help predict potential trophic disruptions following extinctions of tortoise populations, and inform conservation. We studied the diet of Karoo dwarf tortoises (Chersobius bou...

The national production of cereals confronted with weeds causes losses estimated at 30% to 50% of yield at the national level. At the same time, a good choice of herbicide and the identification of the best dose is essential to eliminate weeds and have a good yield of durum wheat. This work concerns the identification of the best dose of Floramix...

Populations of the threatened desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) continue to decline throughout the geographic range, in part because of degraded and fragmented habitats in the Mojave and western Sonoran deserts. The species is herbivorous and highly selective in choice of plant species. To increase options for recovery, we analyzed behaviors, pa...

Maralfalfa (Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone) is a productive fodder crop in tropical regions that has been evaluated for forage nutritional value in a Mediterranean climate. To assess the nutritional value, parameters including dry matter content (DM), ash, ether extract (EE), protein (CP), fiber contents (NDF and ADF), and the amino acids p...

Grassland production based on cutting-only and an increasing frequency of prolonged periods of drought due to climate change could lead to decreased productivity in Lolium perenne. In field experiments, we tested whether Festuca arundinacea and Phleum pratense could be suitable alternatives to L. perenne on intensively managed grassland on clay, pe...

The objective of this study was to compare the community structure and phytosociological status of shrubs and herbs in two different vegetation stands. The study was carried out in the Nanta forest region which is situated between 25.21525° N and 75.8311° E and comes under the Sakatpura forest range, Ladpura tehsil, Kota District, Rajasthan, India....

This study evaluated 5 annual and 11 perennial Indian pasture legumes species for their nutritive value, dry matter and mineral contents and in vitro fermentation parameters. Legume species differed significantly (p < 0.05) in various nutritional aspects such as organic matter, crude protein (CP), ether extract, fibres and protein fractions. Perenn...

Poales are one of the most species-rich, ecologically and economically important orders of plants and often characterise open habitats, enabled by unique suites of traits. We test six hypotheses regarding the evolution and assembly of Poales in open and closed habitats throughout the world and examine whether diversification patterns demonstrate pa...

Associada, a princípio, à Agricultura Biodinâmica, a Agrohomeopatia trata da cura ou equilíbrio vital de espécies vegetais a partir do uso de preparados homeopáticos, sendo iniciada a partir da década de 20 do Século XX e atualmente mais inserida na Agricultura Vitalista, a partir da união dos princípios da Homeopatia com a Agroecologia. Ao longo d...

The importance of perennial grasses is multiple. They represent the basis of sustainable animal husbandry and the basis of the animal feed industry, forming the staple food of ruminants in areas with a moderate climate as components of natural and sown grasslands, natural and sown meadows that can be used through mowing, haylage and silage. Adequat...

Hay is one of the primary constituents of ruminant feed, and rapid classification systems of nutritional value are essential. A reliable approach to evaluating hay quality is a combination of visual combined inspection by NIRS analysis. The analysis was carried out on 1,639 samples of hay collected from 2016 to 2021 in northern Italy. Discriminant...

Brazil stands out in the world for being one of the largest producers and consumers of common beans and cowpeas. However, the cultivation of this agricultural species is exposed to competition with weeds for water, light and nutrients. One of the management methods for weed control is the use of pre-emergent herbicides. Although pre-emergence herbi...

Mesotrione is considered as an effective triketone herbicide for the control of major broadleaf grasses and some Gramineae weeds. However, over-application of mesotrione poses significant environmental and ecological hazards. The development of a mesotrione fluorescent sensor is essential for detecting mesotrione. A novel fluorescent probe (nitroge...

Agricultural activities contribute to water pollution through sediments and nutrient export, negatively affecting water quality and aquatic ecosystems. However, implementing best management practices (BMPs) could help control sediments and nutrient losses from agricultural catchments. This study used the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to a...

This study examines the taxonomic significance of adaxial epidermis properties for the species of Aegilops L. namely A. biuncialis, A. juvenalis, A. cylindrica, A. ovata, and A. umbellata and A. tauschii, comprising diagnostic anatomical features obtained from leaves upper surface micromorphology, the observations show that most of the character...

Background. Diarrheal illness is the second-most common cause of death in under-five children. Worldwide, it results in about 1.7 billion illnesses and 525,000 deaths among under-five children annually. It is the leading cause of malnutrition among under-five children. Different people use medicinal plants to treat diarrhea. The present study aimed...

Resumo: O Bioma Pampa é caracterizado pelas extensas áreas campestres, atualmente reduzidas a poucas áreas remanescentes. O Centro de Pesquisas de Viamão pertence ao Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária (DDPA), que compõe um dos setores da Secretaria Estadual da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural do Rio Grande do Sul e ain...

Deciphering how plants interact with each other across environmental gradients is important to understand plant community assembly, as well as potential future plant responses to environmental change. Plant−plant interactions are expected to shift from predominantly negative (i.e. competition) to predominantly positive (i.e. facilitation) along gra...

Gelidocalamus albozonatus W. G. Zhang, S. R. Yi & Y. L. Li, a new species of Gelidocalamus , collected from Pengshui County of Chongqing City in China, was described and illustrated herein. In this study, key morphological characters were compared between the new species and other eight “gelido-” members of Gelidocalamus . By using scanning electro...

Branchipus schaefferi was recorded in 2023 in the “Krzemionki Opatowskie” nature reserve. The species was caught at the bottom of an abandoned limestone quarry (N 50.963379 E 21.495650, UTM EB34), in two large puddles formed in the wheel-ruts on the quad racing track. Their maximum area was 3.5 and 1 are, the larger puddle was permanent although st...

Due to the effects of global climate change and altered human land-use patterns, typical shrub encroachment in grasslands has become one of the most prominent ecological problems in grassland ecosystems. Shrub coverage can quantitatively indicate the degree of shrub encroachment in grasslands; therefore, real-time and accurate monitoring of shrub c...

Objective: To evaluate the dry mass production of coverings and the productivity of corn and soybeans grown in succession. Method/design/approach: In a randomized block design, with subdivided plots, four covers were evaluated: Sunn hemp, Pearl millet, Signal grass and fallow; at two times of the year: spring and autumn/winter, with 4 repetitions....

The selection of forage grasses that are more adapted to adverse conditions, such as water scarcity or dry rain periods, is extremely important. Mainly due to the severe climate changes, and the search for more sustainable ways of farming. Forage grasses form the basis of the diet of beef cattle and are also used as a source of biofuels, for erosio...

The increasing reliance on native seeds for ecological restoration requires the understanding of seed traits across each species, and the testing of novel processing approaches to optimize germination outcomes. Knowledge regarding Australian native seeds is critical due to the high proportion of species manifesting some degree of seed dormancy. The...

Accurate data on crop canopy are among the prerequisites for hydrological modelling, environmental assessment, and irrigation management. In this regard, our study concentrated on an in-depth analysis of optical satellite data of Sentinel-2 (S2) time series of the leaf area index (LAI) to characterise canopy development and inter-row management of...

Crop plants and undomesticated resilient species employ different strategies to regulate their energy resources and growth. Most crop species are sensitive to stress and prioritise rapid growth to maximise yield or biomass production. In contrast, resilient plants grow slowly, are small, and allocate their resources for survival in challenging envi...

Iron (Fe)-skarn mineralizations (Çambaşı, Dereli, Eğrikar, Karadağ, Kopuz, Sekü, Donguldere, Arnastal, Özdil, Ögene, İkizdere, Ovit Dağı, Kartiba, etc.) in the eastern part of the Pontides (NE Türkiye) are accommodated in the Pontide paleomagmatic arc and the eastern part of the Pontides Metallogenic Belt containing numerous various deposits. Fe-sk...

The objective of this study was to mor-pho-agronomically characterize Urochloa sp. accessions from the forage collection of Embrapa Capri-nos e Ovinos, aiming to identify the most divergent accessions to support the selection of materials better adapted to cultivation under semi-arid conditions. Fifteen Urochloa sp. accessions were used in a random...

Tephra-derived soils retain more organic carbon (C) than soils formed from any other parent material, but this C may be sensitive to changes in climate and land use. Here we evaluate the effects of precipitation, temperature, and afforestation on extractable metals and organic C storage in young tephra-derived soils in a temperate climate. We condu...

Bromopsis inermis and Phalaroides arundinacea are increasingly grown not only for feed but also for other purposes, such as obtaining energy. Composting sewage sludge and using such compost to fertilize various plants is also becoming more popular. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate how the fertilization of the mentioned plants with...

Climate change is likely to imperil native biodiversity through the increased frequency of extreme events. Here we address the short-term effects of an extreme flooding event on an unplowed prairie reserve, the Faville Prairie Wisconsin State Natural Area. This 25-ha property is a remnant of the formerly extensive Crawfish Prairie that lay on the e...

Silvopastoral systems (SPS) are proposed as one option that promotes a balance between productive alternatives and ecological values. The objective was to determine the changes generated by SPS (thinning + livestock) in Nothofagus antarctica (ñire) forests compared to other productive environments (unmanaged forests, dry grasslands, wet grasslands)...

In many parts of the world, crop damage is the primary problem caused by wind erosion. Tree shelterbelts are established to reduce wind speed, thus reduce stress on plants growing to their leeward side. Shelterbelts usually consists of combinations of trees, shrubs, annual crops or grasses. This chapter reviews the microclimatic modification by tre...

Polyphagous butterflies, i.e., those that feed on multiple host plants, need to evolve adaptations against the defenses of many plants. Studies have focused on chemical defenses of host plants and counter-adaptations of their herbivores. Physical defenses, despite being the first line of defense of many plants, have received little attention. Grass...

Purpose There is an increasing need to establish artificial grasslands for managing sustainable pastures under global environmental change. Many studies are attempting to clarify the ecological factors that control soil biodiversity, which regulate ecosystem functioning. However, the effect of plants and soil fertility on soil microbial diversity,...

Gene regulatory networks based on transcription factors control development and environmental responses in plants. Networks calculated by the machine learning algorithm random forest decision tree-based regression for the grasses barley, maize, wheat, Brachypodium, sorghum, and rice compared with Arabidopsis and an alga show substantial conservatio...

Type conversion from native shrubland to invasive annual grassland is on the rise due to global change factors such as prolonged drought and increasing fire frequency. Efforts to restore chaparral ecosystems are limited by current understanding of competitive interactions between shrub seedlings and invasive grasses as well as soil moisture require...

Abandonment of crop production on agricultural lands for several or more years is a widespread practice not only in Europe but also around the world. Economic and political considerations lead to the abandonment of crop production on the poorest lands, although sometimes agriculturally valuable lands are also excluded from farming. Fallow land can...

O Cymbopogon martinii (Palmarosa) é pertence à família das Poaceae. Plantas pertencentes a este gênero são perenes, raramente anuais. Possuem colmos eretos, que podem medir de 30 cm até 3 metros de altura. O óleo essencial de Palmarosa tem ação antibacteriana e antifúngica atribuída principalmente ao geraniol. Exibe atividade antioxidante, inibindo...

Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) belongs to the family poaceae and has become the most popular food. Cultivation of this crop is been faced with the menace of vertebrate pests of which birds and rodents are the most implicated. This research, carried out during the 2020 and 2021 cropping seasons was to identify the bird and rodent pest species associated wi...

A study of butterfly diversity was carried out at Veerappam palayam village, Idappadi Taluk, in Salem District, Tamilnadu, India. The study was carried out from June 2022 to November 2022 except for the rainy seasons. A number of 21 butterfly species that belong to 5 families were recorded through visual observations of their wing patterns, colour...

A survey of vascular plant diversity in Sonaimuri Upazila, Noakhali, Bangladesh, was conducted from August 2019 to October 2022. This study recorded 360 species under 248 genera in 87 families, including those cultivated and planted. Based on habit distribution, there are 47% herbs, 15% shrubs, 28% trees, 9% climbers, and 1% epiphytes. The families...

Diloboderus abderus (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae), commonly known as "isoca", is an insect that lives in the natural field, fulfilling the function of recycling nutrients. It is an important soil pest for crops such as corn, wheat, oats and natural and cultivated grasses in countries such as Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and southern Brazil. In the la...

The Karakum Desert in Turkmenistan hosts various plant species despite its challenging climatic conditions. These plants have adapted to the harsh desert conditions characterized by limited rainfall and high summer temperatures. The Karakum Desert covers a vast area in southern Turkmenistan and spans a significant portion of Central Asia, making it...

Forests are composed of various plant species, and rhizosphere soil microbes are driven by root exudates. However, the interplay between root exudates, microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of canopy trees, understory shrubs, grasses, and their responses to nitrogen (N) deposition remains unclear. Pinus tabulaeformis , Rosa xanthina , and C...

Despite advancements in remote sensing applications for grassland management, studies following the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster have often been constrained by limited satellite imagery with insufficient focus on pasture changes. Utilizing different resolutions of optical satellite data is essential for monitoring spatiotemporal changes...

Climate change has become a mainstream concern, with proposed solutions focusing on mitigating the impact of environmental degradation on human lives. I use Toronto’s High Park as a case study to explore why an essential aspect of achieving profound and enduring environmental restoration involves recognizing the deep interconnectedness between huma...

Savannas are characterized by the co-occurrence of two different plant life forms: grasses and trees. Herbivory plays a major role in the balance between grasses and trees in savanna ecosystems. The present study aimed to investigate the impact and interactions between long-term (i.e. 20 years) herbivory and/or its exclusion and plant life form on...

Success in conserving biodiversity in rangelands depends on effectively managing the systems to achieve positive economic outcomes while preserving biodiversity. In the native grasslands of the Río de la Plata region, livestock production often falls below its potential due to low forage availability. Cattle management strategies that promote talle...

Ganoderma lingzhi is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been used to improve health and longevity for thousands of years. It is usually cultivated on hardwood log- or sawdust-based formulations. Conversely, in this study, we used Miscanthus sacchariflorus (MSF), M. floridulus, and M. sinensis (MSS), fast-growing perennial grasses widely distri...

Agronomic practices can have a negative impact on soil health and quality and ecosystem resilience. The objectives of the study were (1) to evaluate the soil chemical properties and microbial abundance under short-term application of organic and mineral fertilizers and different cultivated crops and (2) to observe the antifungal efficacy of microor...

Located in western and southwestern China, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an important ecological security barrier area in China with a variety of vegetation types, and measuring plant population diversity is challenging due to its high altitude.In this paper, the herb communities in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River on the Tibetan Plate...

Simple Summary Blood glucose is crucial for milk production in dairy cows. The use of some human-customized blood glucometers has been evaluated for the measurement of cow blood with acceptable outcomes. However, there is scarce information validating the performance of cow-customized blood glucometers, like Centrivet GK (CVGK). We evaluated and co...

Background Irrigated rice cultivation in sub-Saharan Africa not only brings more malaria vectors to nearby communities, but also greater malaria risk. To aid the implementation of mosquito control in rice-growing communities, it is necessary to understand how farmers understand, view and manage their responsibility in mosquito generation and whethe...

A sustainable university has been defined as a higher educational institution that addresses, involves and promotes the minimization of negative environmental, economic, societal, and health effects generated in the use of their resources in order to fulfil its functions of teaching, research, outreach and partnership, and stewardship in ways to he...

The roots of vetiver grasses can act as a reinforcement and reduce the intensity of slope erosion by protecting the slope from raindrop impact through the anchorage effect and by improving the physio-mechanical behaviour of the soil. This study examined the influence of roots on the shear strength of silty clay soils. Grasses of native species of t...

Une meilleure connaissance des plantes fourragères tropicales peut permettre de mieux aménager les pâturages et limiter les conflits entre agriculteurs et éleveurs. La présente étude est une contribution à la gestion durable de la flore fourragère dans la préfecture d’Anié au Togo. Plus spécifiquement, elle a évalué : la valeur d’usage des plantes...

Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is among the most economically important perennial cool-season grasses, and is considered an excellent hay, pasture, and silage crop in temperate regions worldwide. Tillering is a vital feature that dominates orchardgrass regeneration and biomass yield. However, transcriptional dynamics underlying early-stage bu...

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), a member of poaceae family categorized as major millet, has emerged as a nutritional powerhouse with the potential to tackle food security challenges and has garnered recognition for its unique nutritional composition and resilience in diverse agro-climatic conditions. Therefore, this study focused on the effect o...

Introduction This study aims to safeguard the ethnobotanical knowledge pertaining to traditional forage plants within the ethnically diverse Gansu–Ningxia–Inner Mongolia junction zone. It seeks to establish a foundation for the sustainable utilization of these traditional resources for animal husbandry. Methods A combination of literature research...

Spectroscopy is a promising technique for determining nutrients in grasses and may be a valuable tool for future research. This chapter reviews research carried out in recent years, focusing on determining the quality of grasses using spectroscopy techniques, specifically, spectrophotometry. The chemical methods used to determine the nutritional qu...

Fungi belonging to the family Stachybotryaceae play crucial roles in ecosystem dynamics, particularly in decomposing plant materials and pathogens on plants and animals. In this study, we report the isolation of two hitherto unknown hyphomycet-ous and myrothecium-like fungi collected from two different Poaceae plants in Sichuan Province, China. Mol...

1) The order of arrival of plant species during community assembly can affect how species interact with each other. These so-called priority effects can have strong implications for the structure and functioning of plant communities. However, the extent to which the strength, direction, and persistence of priority effects are modulated by weather c...

The goals of a “restoration” programme are often not clearly defined, which may radically influence the course of the change effected by the “restoration”. In this paper, I examine many restoration studies worldwide, the goals and the practice that was followed. Grasses often play an important role in both the succession and restoration processes....

Background Inflorescence properties such length, spikelet number, and their spatial distribution across the rachis, are fundamental indicators of seed productivity in grasses and have been a target of selection throughout domestication and crop improvement. However, quantifying such complex morphology is laborious, time-consuming, and commonly limi...

Ergot alkaloids are secondary metabolites that are produced by fungi and contaminate cereal crops and grasses. The ergot alkaloids produced by Claviceps purpurea are the most abundant worldwide. The metabolites exist in two configurations, the C-8-R-isomer (R-epimer) and the C-8-S-isomer (S-epimer). These two configurations can interconvert to one...

The aim of this study was to identify differences in morphogenesis, structure, and forage accumulation rate of Urochloa brizantha cv. MG13 Braúna, from Urochloa cv. Cayana and Urochloa cv. Convert 330 (sabiá grass) during the deferment period. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications in experimental plots of 12.25m²...

This paper reports seven new records of Agrostis in Central and South America: A. boyacensis in Bolivia, Peru and Venezuela; A. lenis in Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela; and A. mertensii in Costa Rica. The lectotype of Agrostis williamsii is herein designated. This contribution includes synonymy, iconography, geographic distribution and habitat, ph...