Plant Physiology - Science topic

To cite this paper: Ramos BLP, MDS Pedreira, AS Silva, J Diavão, OL Lemos, LMG Nascimento, JMS Amorim, ADS Souza, AC Silva, JDJ Nunes (2025). Effects of conventional or slow-release urea on productivity, tillering, water use efficiency and chemical composition of tropical grasses. Intl J Agric Biol 33:330609. https://doi. Abstract Nitrogen (N) is a...

Tomato crop is among the more important worldwide due to its high production and consumption. However, tomatoes are affected by plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne spp., which reduce their yield and quality. To manage this issue, synthetic nematicides are commonly used. However, the use of synthetic nematicides impacts the soil microbiome and alte...

A bstract The Farquhar-von-Caemmerer-Berry (FvCB) model is the most widely-used mechanistic model of C 3 net CO 2 assimilation, and it plays a significant role in plant physiology, ecology, climate science, and Earth system modeling. The model’s equations are not written consistently across publications, and a common variant is to use the minimum o...

Soil salinity poses a global threat to crop production. Early understanding of plant physiological responses to salinity stress can be critical to implementing timely stress management strategies. One of the initial plant physiological responses to salinity is a reduction of transpiration. This study used papaya as a model crop to better understand...

Background and aims Asparagus Decline Syndrome (ADS) threatens the sustainability and productivity of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) cultivation. This study aimed to characterize the physiological responses of asparagus plants to ADS, focusing on oxidative metabolism, hormonal regulation, and phenolic compounds profiles to understand the unde...

Salt stress adversely impacts plant physiology by causing ionic, osmotic, and oxidative stress, ultimately hindering growth and yield. The genus Deinococcus contains unique stress resistance genes, and previous studies have shown that proteins such as IrrE, Csp, and WHy enhance stress tolerance in plants and microbial cells. However, their role in...

Climate change, triggered by anthropogenic activities and other inexorable factors, has led to a surge in abiotic stresses, compromising agricultural productivity and exacerbating environmental degradation (Shahzad et al., 2018). Empirical evidence suggests that abiotic stresses significantly impair crop yields, underscoring the need for innovative...

Plants face various stresses, particularly water deficit, which negatively impacts photosynthesis, growth, and development, thereby limiting agricultural production. Utilizing growth regulators, such as amino acids and polyamines, to enhance osmotic stress tolerance is a crucial area of research in sustainable agriculture. This study investigates t...

Plant physiology is material that is considered difficult, and studying it requires adequate numeracy literacy, especially in practicums. Thus, it is necessary to reveal the student's numeracy literacy profile and the level of conceptual change before and after the practicum. This study used a pre-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test g...

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), a cornerstone of global cereal crops, is increasingly vulnerable to concurrent heat stress, a critical abiotic factor that is intensified by climate change. This study employed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to investigate "stress memory," a phenomenon where prior stress exposure enhances a plant's response to s...

Accurate leaf vein segmentation and vein density (VLA) measurement are crucial for understanding plant physiology. Traditional 2D imaging techniques often require labor-intensive and destructive processes, such as leaf flattening or chemical clearing, thereby limiting their practicality for high-throughput applications. In this study, we present a...

Key message We developed a set of GATEWAY vectors to accelerate gene function analysis in soybean composite plants to rapidly screen transgenic roots and investigate subcellular localization, protein–protein interactions, and root-pathogen interactions. Abstract The generation of transgenic plants is essential for plant biology research to investi...

Plants are hosts for above- and belowground insect communities that can influence each other via above-belowground plant-physiological dynamics. To mediate interactions, plants produce secondary metabolites, including terpenoids, and mixtures can differ intraspecifically. While intraspecific variation in plant chemistry gained increased interest, t...

Species of the genus Sideritis are gaining heightened recognition for their applications in both culinary and industrial contexts. The improvement of crop cultivation techniques to promote the quality of the final product is imperative nowadays for ensuring sustainable and successive agricultural production, especially for medicinal and aromatic pl...

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el comportamiento agronómico y fisiológico de maíces criollos de Yucatán por efecto de la asociación con frijol caupí (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). El experimento se estableció bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Se establecieron tres cultivares de maíz criollo (Naal teel,...

Water deficits are among major agricultural issues in semi‐arid West Texas and require water‐saving agricultural practices like growth stage‐based irrigation management and biochar. A 2‐year (2021 and 2022) field experiment was conducted in a split‐plot design with irrigation based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc) as a main plot factor with four le...

Quantification of photosynthetic pigments, including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids, is one of the potential determinants in plant physiology and related disciplines. Spectrophotometric methods employing the Arnon's equations are widely used for this purpose following pigment extraction in 80% acetone. However, man...

While soil responses to organic and inorganic phosphorus (P) fertilizers have been widely studied, plant physiological and molecular responses remain insufficiently characterized. Such an understanding is necessary to develop sustainable P fertilization strategies that enhance plant performance in soils with P limitations. This study investigated t...

Purpose Long-term intensive management may impair nutrient uptake and physiological metabolism in Lei bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) by altering soil oxygen levels or increasing salinity, ultimately inhibiting growth. However, the sensitivity and response mechanisms of bamboo to these two factors remain poorly understood. Methods A 100-day pot exp...

Chlorophyll fluorescence is a useful indicator of a plant’s physiological status, particularly under stress conditions. Remote sensing is an increasingly adopted technology in modern agriculture, allowing the acquisition of crop information (e.g., chlorophyll fluorescence) without direct contact, reducing fieldwork. The objective of this study is t...

Although numerous experiments have been dedicated to studying plant response to elevated CO2, almost none crossed the level of 1000 ppm. Plant responses to high CO2 levels importantly inform our understanding of plant physiology in ultra-high CO2 environments, e.g., in Earth history, in the case of unmitigated anthropogenic emissions, and for futur...

This study investigates the effects of compost and vermicompost derived from sewage sludge and moulded pulp on wheat yield, nutrient uptake, photosynthetic activity, and drought resistance. Optimal weather conditions in March facilitated timely wheat sowing, contributing to ideal yields, while subsequent higher temperatures and rainfall influenced...

Big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) is a widespread and locally dominant shrub throughout many ecosystems in western North America. A. tridentata ssps. tridentata and wyomingensis are two subspecies whose populations occupy the warm‐arid regions of the species range and whose trailing edge is threatened by climate change. Previous studies have pre...

Covariation of temperature (T) and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) under natural conditions make it difficult to predict the individual impact of each effect on plant physiology and leaf gas-exchange. For separating the covarying effects, we conducted 1) a T-response experiment (5-40°C) at constant VPD (0.8 kPa), as well as a 2) a VPD-response experi...

Soil cadmium pollution poses significant environmental risks, prompting global concern. Previous studies have demonstrated that 24-epibrassinolide (Brs) can enhance plant photosynthesis, thereby potentially improving the efficiency of soil cadmium remedi-ation by increasing biomass. Therefore, this study investigated the use of Brs to enhance Cd re...

Plants undergo a series of physiological reactions following their death, characterized by decay and transformation processes. This review article examines plants' cellular and biochemical changes during death and subsequent decomposition. The initial stage of the death process involves the breakdown of cell structure. This breakdown occurs through...

The source-sink relationship in plants is a foundation of plant physiology, regulating the allocation of resources and profoundly influencing growth, development, and productivity. This intricate process involves the transfer of photosynthates, mainly carbohydrates, from source organs-typically mature, photosynthetically active leaves-to sink organ...

Bahar treatment in guava is a crucial crop regulation strategy that ensures year-round fruit production by synchronizing flowering and fruiting cycles. This technique involves the strategic manipulation of irrigation, pruning, and nutrient management to induce flowering at desired times, allowing farmers to optimize yield and market availability. T...

Technical advancement in agricultural engineering, computer and data science, incorporation of artificial intelligence and internet of things in plant biology have worked as a quantum leap in plant physiological research for the development of farms and farmers. Changing patterns of global climate and food habits have upsurge the crop demand in bot...

In the intricate world of plant responses to environmental stress, the concept of thermomemory has emerged as a fascinating and complex phenomenon. Plants, as sessile organisms, continually face the challenge of adapting to fluctuating climates, and the ability to “remember” prior heat stress encounters, a phenomenon known as thermomemory is a test...

p>Plant science, a field that includes several disciplines, is vital for confronting global issues such as food safety, climate change, and the preservation of biodiversity. Plants serve as the cornerstone of terrestrial existence by governing ecosystems, producing food, and conserving carbon. The expanding worldwide population and global warming h...

Plant hydraulic properties are critical to predicting vegetation water use as part of land-atmosphere interactions and plant responses to drought. However, current measurements of plant hydraulic properties are labour-intensive, destructive, and difficult to scale up, consequently limiting the comprehensive characterization of whole-plant hydraulic...

In this paper, research and validation of nature-like agro-technologies using a convergent approach to improve the productivity of agrolandscapes and the creation of carbon polygons were carried out. As part of the work, a set of experimental studies was implemented, including assessment of agrolandscape potential, comparative analysis of tradition...

Investigating the impact of oxygen-enriched water combined with LED light on lettuce growth for two consecutive cycles is essential for advancing greenhouse cultivation in Mediterranean climates, where summer heat poses significant challenges. This study investigates the combined impact of oxygen-enriched water (O2EW) and LED light ing on physiolog...

Starch metabolism in plants involves a complex network of interacting proteins that work together to ensure the efficient synthesis and degradation of starch. These interactions are crucial for regulating the balance between energy storage and release, adapting to the plant’s developmental stage and environmental conditions. Several studies have be...

Oxygen depletion due to submergence causes cellular energy starvation and severely restricts the growth of most plant species. To survive hypoxic and anoxic environments under submergence, rice (Oryza sativa L.) possesses various adaptive mechanisms including energy production from seed storage starch via anaerobic respiration and coleoptile elonga...

Understanding evapotranspiration is essential for efficient water management in rice cultivation, as it influences irrigation planning and crop productivity. Accurate estimation of rice crop evapotranspiration using reliable meteorological data can help optimize water use and enhance sustainable agricultural practices. Study was conducted at Main...

Global warming has led to accelerated transitions between dry and wet periods, causing plants to experience more water stress and water use strategy alterations. This could have a significant impact on plants in karst regions due to the substantial spatial and temporal variability of soil and rock moisture. In this study, we monitored and compared...

Background and aims The effects of elevated tropospheric ozone (O3) concentrations on terrestrial ecosystems have been extensively researched by numerous O3 fumigation experiments and syntheses. While the detrimental impacts of O3 stress on aboveground plant physiological traits are well-documented, there remains a gap in our understanding of how e...

The demand for medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) has grown significantly in recent years, due to their therapeutic value. Among these, Sideritis cypria Post is a promising yet under-evaluated species. Existing research assessing the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization, zinc (Zn) foliar applications, and toxic copper (Cu) concentrations often o...

Traditional sowing methods like direct seeding may not always be optimal, particularly for unfamiliar species, necessitating tailored approaches for different seed types and qualities. Thus, the delivery of essential materials along with seed necessitates time and cost saving which ultimately enhances overall seed performance in the planting. Some...

Brassinosteroids (BRs), a class of plant-specific steroidal hormones, play crucial roles in regulating various plant physiological functions, such as growth, development, and adaptability to the environment. Despite this broader role of BRs, previously published reviews mainly focused on the molecular mechanisms of BR-mediated regulation of vegetat...

Citation: Shoukat, A.; Maryam, U.; Pitann, B.; Zafar, M.M.; Nawaz, A.; Hassan, W.; Seleiman, M.F.; Saqib, Z.A.; Mühling, K.H. Abstract: The increasing severity of salinity stress, exacerbated by climate change, poses significant challenges to sustainable agriculture, particularly in salt-affected regions. Soil salinity, impacting approximately 20%...

Agriculture in semi-arid regions faces significant challenges due to water scarcity and soil salinity, conditions exacerbated by inadequate irrigation practices and high evaporation rates. African mahogany (Khaya senegalensis), a species valued for its high-quality wood, holds potential for cultivation in these regions, provided that appropriate ma...

The balance between supply and demand of green infrastructure (GI) is of great significance for maintaining the stability of urban or regional ecosystems, improving the modernization level of territorial spatial governance system and governance capacity, and promoting high-quality urban development [1]. With the acceleration of urbanization, the im...

Background and scope Magnesium (Mg) deficiency occurs commonly in acidic soils and intensive crop production systems. How preharvest Mg limitation affects fruit postharvest quality remains, to date, elusive at physiological- and molecular-levels. Methods and results Using turface-cultured tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), we investigated the multip...

Regional increases in atmospheric O3 have phytotoxicity due to its strong oxidizing properties. Cherry radish (Raphanus sativus L.), with its sensitivity to O3 and rapid growth cycle, serves as an excellent model for investigating the effects of elevated O3 on plant physiological responses. To determine the response of cherry radish to elevated O3...

Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade pós-colheita dos pedúnculos de clones de cajueiro submetidos a armazenamento refrigerado. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal do Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar na Universidade Federal de Campina Grande-CCTA/UFCG. Os tratamentos foram compostos por 5 clones de cajueiro (CCP...

Micronutrients when present in high concentrations can become toxic to plants. Nickel exemplifies this phenomenon, having been considered essential for higher plants since the 1980s. Despite its beneficial effects on seed germination, growth and photosynthesis, an excess of Ni triggers the production of reactive oxygen species, thus exerting harmfu...

This is a tribute to a truly inspirational plant biologist, Prof. John A. Raven, FRS, FRSE (25th June 1941– 23rd May 2024), who died at the age of 82. He was a leader in the field of evolution and physiology of algae and land plants. His research touched on many areas including photosynthesis, ion transport, carbon utilisation, mineral use, such as...

Accurate prediction of sweet potato yield is crucial for effective crop management. This study investigates the use of vegetation indices (VIs) extracted from multispectral images acquired by a small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) throughout the growing season, along with in situ-measured plant physiological parameters, to predict sweet potato yield...

Rising evaporative demand (ETo) with a warming climate contributes to diminished water availability in water-stressed agricultural regions globally. While increased ETo typically necessitates increased irrigation, we explore how crop phenological response can moderate this challenge. Focusing on five key agricultural crops in California’s San Joaqu...

Phytophagous mites are herbivores that feed on various economically important plants, such as soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril]. Thus, our objective is to evaluate the oxidative stress stage of soybean plants infested by Tetranychus ludeni Zacher. Leaflets from three trifoliate leaves were pooled to form composite samples for each exposure time and...

High boron (B) concentrations in the soil can cause toxic effects to plants, so herbaceous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum latifolium Hucth) is a crop sensitive to such stress. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the emergence, partitioning, and allocation of metabolic compounds of two herbaceous cotton cultivars subjected to B treatments. The experiment...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded 20–22 nt RNA molecules which play pivotal roles in plant physiology and stress responses. Plants, being sessile, experience a lot of environmental stresses leading to negative impact on physiological, developmental and cellular processes. Abiotic stresses like extreme temperatures, salinity, drought, nutrient...

Foliar functional traits are dynamic plant properties that vary across space and time, serving as principal tools for monitoring plant physiology and terrestrial ecosystem processes. Phenolics are the most crucial secondary metabolites that play key roles in plant defence against biotic and abiotic stressors, leaf decomposition, as well as conseque...

Salt stress severely affects the growth of turnips (Brassica rapa subsp. rapa), leading to a decline in quality and a reduction in yield. Methyl jasmonate is an endogenous plant hormone that plays a role in regulating plant responses to salt stress. However, its role and mechanism in regulating the response of turnip salt stress remain unclear. Her...

Plants are vital to ecosystems and human survival, possessing intricate internal and inter‐plant signaling networks that allow them to adapt quickly to changing environments and maintain ecological balance. The integration of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) with plant systems has led to the emergence of plant nanobionics, a field that holds the pot...

Leaf nitrogen allocation plays a crucial role in determining both photosynthetic function and structural development of plants. However, the effects of drought, salt stress, and their combination on leaf nitrogen allocation, and how these affect mesophyll conductance (g m) and photosynthesis, remain poorly understood. In this study, we first invest...

p> Background: Arabidopsis thaliana is the most widely used plant organism as a study model, due to its short life cycle and small genome. Among the most used accessions, the Columbia (Col-0) ecotype is widely used for molecular and genetic research, however the physiological response of this model plant to abiotic factors is relatively unknown. Ob...

Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) is an improved cultivation system that promotes plant development by optimizing environmental factors such as carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and light intensity. This study considered the interactive effects of enhanced levels of CO2 (400-1000 ppm) and varying light intensities (200-600 µmol/m2/s) on gro...

Accurate water scarcity projections are essential for effective adaptation strategies. Most existing studies rely on hydrology models that often neglect the effects of plant physiological responses to rising CO2 on the water cycle , such as reduced stomatal opening, which can decrease transpiration and enhance water availability over large scales....

Artemisia argyi H. Lév. & Vaniot (A. argyi) is a perennial herb belonging to the Asteraceae family and is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine. In the field of plant physiology, JAZ proteins play a central role in the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway, significantly affecting plant growth and development as well as responses to...

Drought stress has a negative impact on agricultural productivity. Tobacco, an important cash crop, often experiences reduced yield and quality due to limited water regimes. Seaweed extract (SWE)-based biostimulants are recognized for their capacity to enhance plant growth, boost crop yields, and improve resistance to abiotic stresses. However, the...

Parasitic weed infestations pose an increasing threat to agriculture worldwide, especially in the Mediterranean region. Phelipanche ramosa and P. aegyptiaca (broomrapes) cause severe damage to field-grown tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L. ). Strigolactones (SLs), apocarotenoid phytohormones, play a critical role in plant physiology and development,...

The shade avoidance response triggers a dramatic promotion of elongation growth, accompanied by a significant reprogramming of metabolic pathways as plants seek to prevent overtopping and adapt to vegetative shade. Here we demonstrate that simulated vegetative shade results in significant changes in the structure and composition of the phyllosphere...

Chili peppers are a staple food for countries worldwide and are loaded with vitamins and antioxidants. One of the world’s largest chili consumers, Indonesia faces climate adversities and cash-crop pest infestations that affect its horticulture market. The present research explores microclimatic and watering for physiological performances in differe...

Myrosinase, referred to as thioglucoside glucohydrolase (TGG), plays a crucial role in plant physiology through catalyzing the hydrolysis of glucosinolates into bioactive isothiocyanates. In Arabidopsis thaliana , the myrosinases TGG1 and TGG2 are essential for abscisic acid- and methyl jasmonate-induced stomata closure. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC)...

Aromatic compounds, serve pivotal roles in plant physiology and exhibit antioxidative and antimicrobial properties, leading to their widespread application such as in food preservation and pharmaceuticals. However, direct plant extraction and petrochemical synthesis often struggles to meet current needs due to low yield or facing economic and envir...

This study describes the application of a regional Earth system model with updated parameterizations for selected land–atmosphere exchange processes and multiplatform, multidisciplinary observations. We estimate reactive nitrogen (Nr = NOy+ NHx) emissions from various sources, surface and column nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and total and speciated Nr dr...

The influence of the lunar cycle on biological processes has been a subject of research in both modern science and traditional wisdom for centuries. This article, a significant reveal from Project Alpha, delves into the intricate connection between human food consumption patterns and plant nutrient absorption concerning the lunar phases. Scientific...

Heavy metal contamination in medicinal plants poses significant health risks, yet comprehensive assessment of metal accumulation patterns in lavender (Lavandula spp.) remains limited. This study analyzed concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cd, Pb, and Ni in lavender leaf samples from three major medicinal plant markets in Iran's Khorasan Razavi regio...

Predicting crop yields before harvest is key in enabling farmers make critical decisions as far as post-harvest management is concerned. Besides, yield prediction plays a critical role in agriculture enterprise selection hence promoting food and nutrition security in a community. It is worth noting that various factors including ecological zones ch...

Purpose – Learning media innovation for basic plant physiology courses is needed in today's digital era, one of which is through e-modules based on Canva and Educandy Studio. Through this research, the effectiveness of e-module innovation based on the combination of Canva and Education Studio will be studied more deeply to find out how effective th...

The movement of photosynthates within plants is a focus in plant physiology, ecohydrology, and earth systems modeling. The phloem, one of the plant’s hydraulic systems, facilitates this transport. It is believed to be optimized for efficient photosynthates transport, notably sucrose. This has implications ranging from local impacts on plant surviva...

Background and Objective: Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) plays a crucial role in global food security, making it imperative to explore innovative approaches to enhance its productivity. The study aimed to determine the effects of biosynthesized Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) and rice compost on the overall productivity of the crop. Materials...

This study aims to test the validity of enrichment materials for Plant Physiology practicals as a learning tool. The type of this research is development research. The development model used is the 4D model from Thiagarajan et al. (1974), but in this study, it has been modified to 3D. This study involves three expert validators who assess the conte...

Plants adjust the size of their stomatal openings to balance CO2 intake and water loss. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) facilitate the conversion between CO2 and HCO3⁻, and the OsβCA1 mutant in rice (Oryza sativa) shows similar traits in carbon fixation and stomatal response to CO2 as the dual βCA mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the exact role...

1 ‫النباتية‬ ‫.الخلية‬. The Plant cell. 2 ‫الغروية‬ ‫النظمة‬ ‫و‬ ‫.المحاليل‬ Solution and Colloidal system. ‫النباتية‬ ‫الخلية‬ The plant cell ‫الخل‬ ‫من‬ ‫ان‬ ‫مميز‬ ‫نوعان‬ ‫يوجد‬ ‫عامة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫وبصور‬ ‫الحي‬ ‫الكائن‬ ‫بناء‬ ‫وحدة‬ ‫النباتية‬ ‫الخلية‬ ‫تعد‬ ‫تؤلف‬ ‫التي‬ ‫يا‬ ‫وهما‬ ‫النباتية‬ ‫الكائنات‬ : .1 ‫اة‬ ‫النو‬ ‫بدائية‬ ‫الخاليا‬ Prokaryot...

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity and quality can be threatened by soil cadmium (Cd) contamination, posing a concern to food security. Salicylic acid (SA) is an endogenously produced signaling molecule that activates the defense system imparting abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Hence, an experiment was conducted to explore the roles of f...

The escalating impact of abiotic stress on crop productivity requires innovative strategies to ensure sustainable agriculture. This review examines the promising role of biostimulants in mitigating the adverse effects of abiotic stress on crops. Biostimulants, ranging from simple organic compounds to complex living microorganisms, have demonstrated...

The purpose of the journal is to stimulate the development of botanical science. The issues posed by the Journal are the publication of the results of research that are relevant for professional botanists. The journal “Acta Botanica Caucasica” publishes the results of researches in various fields of fundamental Botany: Systematics, phylogeny, flori...

The effects of low-intensity ultrasound on plants such as piezoelectric and ultrasonic water baths, on plants have been extensively studied. However, the specific effect of airborne ultrasound on plant cells has yet to be reported. The present study was conducted to elucidate the physiological responses of plant cells to airborne US. Homogeneous su...