Plant Pathology - Science topic

The field of plant disease management is both complex and critical, requiring a deep understanding of the interactions between plants, pathogens, and the environment. In Principles of Plant Disease Management, I aim to provide a comprehensive guide to the strategies, techniques, and scientific principles that underlie effective disease control. Th...

The study of Potyvirus plumpoxi (plum pox virus, PPV) has a long history, beginning with its foundational description by Atanassof in 1932 in Bulgaria. Interest in the virus has significantly increased over the past decades, as evidenced by a rise in published articles, highlighting its importance in plant pathology. Research on PPV offers broader...

Nicotiana benthamiana has long served as a crucial plant material extensively used in plant physiology research, particularly in the field of plant pathology, because of its high susceptibility to plant viruses. Additionally , it serves as a production platform to test vaccines and other valuable substances. Among its approximately 3.1 Gb genome, 5...

The experiment was conducted at the Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to identify T. asperellum in a countrywide screening program and to evaluate its antagonistic effect against several soil borne pathogens. Samples were collected from the rhizosphere soil of 49 different crops in 107 different locations...

The advances in computer vision made possible by deep learning technology are increasingly being used in precision agriculture to automate the detection and classification of plant diseases. Symptoms of plant diseases are often seen on their leaves. The leaf images in existing datasets have been collected either under controlled conditions or in th...

The present study was carried out in nematode infested soil at the experimentation field of the Court yard of Department of Plant Pathology, SHUATS in a randomized block design (RBD) during Kharif season 2021 to evaluate the different organic composts, T1-spent mushroom compost + FYM, T2- Vermicompost + FYM, T3-Neem cake + FYM, T4-Spent mushroom co...

Introduction and research objective. Potato is one of the important crops due to its versatile use and valuable nutritional properties. According to the United Nations Food Security Program, it is named the main subsistence food product after bread. Diseases are one of the limiting factors of potato yield. Alternaria causes important losses and sta...

Leaf disease classification faces significant challenges due to dataset imbalances, particularly within minority classes, leading to decreased model accuracy. This study addresses this problem by introducing EdgeCutMix, a novel image augmentation technique designed to enhance the representation of minority classes. EdgeCutMix integrates edge detect...

Present investigation was carried out to evaluate efficacy of fungicides against purple blotch of onion. Experiment was carried out at Department of Plant Pathology, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat during rabi, 2023-24. The result revealed that among all the treatment, azoxystrobin 11% + tebuconazole 18.3...

Alternariosis or brown spot ( Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl.) is a widespread disease of pomegranate bushes in Azerbaijan. The disease occurs mainly in the western part of the country. Alternariosis or brown spot on pomegranate bushes ( Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl.) is found mainly on leaves and fruits. On ripening pomegranate fruits, the...

Anthracnose of Camellia plants is caused by the Colletotrichum species. The fungal pathogens mainly infect the leaves of plants and lead to serious economic losses. However, knowledge of Camellia phyllosphere microbial community after Colletotrichum infection has not been explored which limited our understanding of the relationship between the Came...

One of the major effects of global change is the spread of animal and plant diseases on farms. Besides the impact on the farms themselves, it is the whole rural world that is affected, through the possible disruption of value chains. Combating these diseases is therefore a crucial but costly problem. So, when faced with an infectious animal or plan...

La madera como material perecedero aparece de forma muy esporádica en el registro arqueológico en el Sur de Europa. Las formas más habituales de conservación en esta área geográfica son la carbonización, la mineralización, y la saturación de agua o anegamiento. En función del tipo de preservación, este tipo de materiales presentan diferentes condic...

Ab stract Among several factors known, drought remains the most important factor affecting wheat yield worldwide. Under the present study, the experimental layout was comprised of three drought treatments with three replicates under controlled conditions in completely randomized design at Plant pathology laboratory RLBCAU, Jhansi. Drought stress wa...

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e avaliar os fitopatógenos associados ao colo de diferentes cultivares de soja e analisar o comportamento diferencial destas cultivares em relação à hospedagem por esses patógenos. A resistência a patógenos de solo no cultivo de soja é um desafio complexo devido à sua natureza poligênica, o que dificulta a id...

The most popular flowers in the world are roses, not only cheer people up but also support livelihoods. Diseases, however, can harm these priceless flowers' health and negatively affect both their quality and the growers' livelihoods. The increased occurrence of ailments in rose plants poses a severe danger to the ornamental flower industry and agr...

Common bunt, caused by Tilletia caries (DC) Tul., is a significant threat to wheat production worldwide. This study aimed to identify carriers of genes for resistance to common bunt in winter wheat using molecular and breeding methods, with the objective of developing high-yielding, disease-resistant varieties. Thirty winter wheat varieties and lin...

Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) and the diseases they transmit are a major detriment to crop yields and a significant contributor to world hunger. The highly evolved interactions of host plant, phloem-feeding insect vector with endosymbionts and persistently transmitted virus represent a tremendous challenge for interdisciplinary study. Presented here...

Os nematoides fitopatogênicos são organismos vermiformes que causam significativas perdas de produtividade em lavouras cafeeiras no Brasil. Esses patógenos são importantes por serem facilmente disseminados e por não existirem métodos de manejo capazes de eliminar 100% dos indivíduos presentes em uma área. Diante disso, a busca por estratégias de ma...

This paper presents a novel approach to agricultural disease diagnostics through the integration of Deep Learning (DL) techniques with Visual Question Answering (VQA) systems, specifically targeting the detection of wheat rust. Wheat rust is a pervasive and destructive disease that significantly impacts wheat production worldwide. Traditional diagn...

This study aims to identify and identify nematodes parasitic on grape plants in the areas east of Wadi Al-Ajal “Ubari” in southern Libya, where it surveyed 14 fields in the spring of 2014. These areas are famous for growing grapes: Al-Abyad, Bin Harith, Al-Hamra, Akhlaif, and Al-Qalaa. I collected 50 soil and root samples, at a 1:1 ratio, from grap...

Bacterial leaf blight, attributed to Xanthomonas citri pv. eucalyptorum comb. nov., poses a significant threat to eucalypt nursery and field conditions in Brazil, resulting in substantial annual losses. While various disease management practices are employed, the quest for alternative control methods and environmentally friendly antimicrobial agent...

Resistance mechanisms through tissue culture

Chocolate spot, caused by Botrytis fabae, poses a significant threat to faba bean production in Morocco, leading to decreased crop quality and quantity. This study assesses the sensitivity of B. fabae isolates to three fungicides-fenhexamid, fludioxonil, and boscalid-commonly used in Moroccan faba bean cultivation. Fungicide sensitivity tests were...

Situación sanitaria del cultivo de soja en el noroeste argentino durante la campaña 2023/2024 l cultivo de soja [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] tiene un amplio desarrollo en el noroeste de Argentina (NOA), siendo de gran relevancia económica y social debido a su extensión e importancia en la industria agroindustrial. Realizar una adecuada prospección y di...

Purpose: The objective of this work aimed to assess the wood vinegar (WV) from the carbonization of Eucalyptus wood in the inhibition in vitro of Fusarium sp., Ganoderma sp., Macrophomina sp., and Sclerotium rolfsii. Method: WV was added to a culture medium and poured onto Petri dishes. After, the fungi were picked up in 1-mm disks and placed in th...

Plant pathology is critical to ensuring plant health, food security, and safety. Phytopathogens significantly reduce agricultural production and productivity. Early diagnosis is critical for proper treatment. Advances in technology offer precise, rapid, and sensitive phytopathogen identification, allowing for early field control. This is especi...

Soil fertility maps are crucial for sustainable soil and land use management systems for predicting soil health status. The aims of this research were to evaluate the spatial variability of selected soil chemical properties and to map soil fertility status under cultivated area of Department of Agricultural Research (DAR). A total of 235 soil sampl...

The Memorias del II Simposio de Enfermedades de Plantas y II Simposio Científico del CEDIT are a compendium covering various studies presented at an event organized by the Centro de Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica (CEDIT) and Universidad Católica "Nuestra Señora de la Asunción" in Itapúa, Paraguay. This event focused on phytopathological and ag...

The study investigated watermelon diseases characterized by contrasting climatic conditions in the Sylhet and Natore Districts of Bangladesh. Sylhet experiences lower temperatures and high rainfall, while Natore has higher temperatures and low rainfall. In these survey regions, 40 watermelon fields were selected, and 10 diseases were observed, incl...

To investigate the influence of biostimulants and organic mulch on the soil microbial population of strawberry cv. Katrain Sweet, an experiment was carried out in the Department of Fruit Science and in the Biocontrol lab, Department of Plant Pathology, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, during two subsequent year...

The study of plant pathology and disease management stands at the crossroads of agriculture, ecology, and biotechnology, making it an essential field in sustaining crop health and food security worldwide. With the increasing demands of a growing population and the critical challenges posed by climate change, effective plant disease management has g...

Beans are essential crops globally, standing out as one of the most consumed and nourishing legumes, thereby playing a significant role in human nutrition and food security. Their cultivation faces several challenges, such as pests, diseases, unpredictable weather patterns, and soil erosion. Of these challenges, diseases are recognized as a key cha...

Introduction In response to the current mainstream deep learning detection methods with a large number of learned parameters and the complexity of apple leaf disease scenarios, the paper proposes a lightweight method and names it LCGSC-YOLO. This method is based on the LCNet(A Lightweight CPU Convolutional Neural Network) and GSConv(Group Shuffle C...

As known, walnut is vulnerable to various pathogenic microorganisms, in particular bacteria that can cause significant lesions during their cultivation. Over the last decade, causative agents of walnut's bacterial diseases, which previously did not affect this culture, have been discovered all over the world. The expansion of the spectrum of pathog...

CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) technology has revolutionized plant pathology by providing a precise and efficient tool for enhancing disease resistance in crops. This gene-editing technique enables scientists to modify specific DNA sequences in plants, allowing for the targeted improvement of traits related to pa...

Este capítulo reporta a contribuição, ao longo de mais de três décadas, dos serviços técnicos quarentenários prestados pela estação quarentenária do Laboratório de Quarentena Costa Lima (LQCL) da Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Unidade da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) localizada em Jaguariúna/SP, visando ao intercâmbio internacional...

Chinese quarantine fungi are a type of harmful organisms that pose important threats and disasters to plants. There are currently 130 species included in the list of Chinese quarantine pests. Due to the gradual in-depth study of fungal taxonomy in recent years, the classification system has been updated rapidly and the "International Code of Nomenc...

In the present study, an indoor potting experiment was conducted to study the effects of enhanced UV-B radiation and Magnaporthe oryzae on the growth, stomatal structure, photosynthesis, and endogenous hormone contents of a traditional rice cultivar Baijiaolaojing in the Yuanyang terraces of Yunnan Province. In addition, the relationships between t...

Background: The increasing global population, coupled with the diminishing availability of arable land, has rendered the challenge of ensuring food security more pronounced. The prompt and precise identification of plant diseases is essential for reducing crop losses and improving agricultural yield. In this paper, we introduce the Swin Transformer...

Natural products (NPs) are crucial for the development of novel antibiotics, anticancer agents, and immunosuppressants. To highlight the ability of fungi to produce structurally diverse NPs, this article focuses on the impact of genome mining and CRISPR-Cas9 technology in uncovering and manipulating the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) responsible...

Plant pathogenic bacteria encounter a drastic increase in apoplastic pH during the early stages of plant immunity. The effects of alkalization on pathogen-host interactions have not been comprehensively characterized. Here, we used a global transcriptomic approach to assess the impact of environmental alkalization on Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato...

Effectors are key organism-associated molecules that aid in the establishment of interactions with other organisms. Effectoromics has become an important area of research in phytopathology. The lack of sequence conservation among effectors, even in closely related organisms, has led us to believe that effectors from organisms of different kingdoms...

Aims: Rice is an important crop cultivated worldwide, whose production is influenced by numerous factors like pest, disease, weather parameters. In India, diseases accounts for 35 per cent in yield reduction, with sheath blight being significant. This disease is notably prevalent in Kuttanad region of Kerala. This study involves a survey conducted...

Rice blast is the most harmful disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, leading to yield loss. The aim of the work is to improve resistance of rice to blast by introducing and pyramiding genes using conventional breeding technique and modern MAS analysis. Pyramiding is the combination of several resistance genes in one genotype, in this case it improv...

Mesa Redonda (Microbiomas habitantes de suelo) 6to Congreso Argentino de Fitopatología. Septiembre 2024

Premise Automated disease, weed, and crop classification with computer vision will be invaluable in the future of agriculture. However, existing model architectures like ResNet, EfficientNet, and ConvNeXt often underperform on smaller, specialised datasets typical of such projects. Methods We address this gap with informed data collection and the...

By bibliometrically analyzing 504 papers and 138 reference materials published in the field oftomato production between 1992 and 2023, the research seeks to determine the patterns andtendencies in the subject during the previous 31 years. In this case, bibliometric information fromthe studies was found by doing a search for "tomato production" in t...

Background . The species Triticum petropavlovskyi Udacz. et Migusch. has a number of positive traits, but has rarely been used in breeding programs to improve bread wheat cultivars. The introgression of genetic material from this species into the Triticum aestivum L. gene pool will not only expand the genetic diversity of bread wheat with a set of...

Climate change is profoundly altering plant pathology by shifting pathogen dynamics, introducing new threats, and affecting host-pathogen interactions. Rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and increased frequency of extreme weather events are influencing the spread and severity of plant diseases. This chapter explores the multiface...

Effective management of natural science collections is crucial to maximizing their scientific value. They often contain invaluable items like type specimens and reference material, and data that contributes significantly to our understanding of biodiversity, ecology, and evolution. Research institutes often harbor several smaller collections, which...

Research objective: The aim of this work is on the inoculation in the growing medium of Arthrobacter sp. and its effects on the growth, flower quality and longevity of cactus plants. To this end, the study of biometric parameters, i.e. plants and flowers (height, weight, number and duration), as well as root growth (weight), and the presence of dis...

Diseases are the major constraints for citrus production which impede the fruit yield and quality. Citrus suffers from a number of diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses and viriods. Among these diseases, canker caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, foot rot or gummosis caused by Phytophthora spp., twig blight caused by Diplodia natalens...

The Souvenir and Abstracts Book – HOAAF 2024 compiles cutting-edge research, reports, and discussions presented at the 1st International Conference on Horticulture, Organic Farming, Ayurveda, Animal Husbandry & Fisheries, and Forest Fire Management (HOAAF 2024). The event, organized by Eco Fast Agri Solution Private Limited, brought together nation...

Grapevine decline disease (GDD) complex is a major global viticulture problem associated with a multi-year decrease in plant productivity and an increase in vine mortality, resulting in important economic losses to the viticulture industry. More than 35 fungal genera have been involved in the GDD complex, and the genus Cytospora has also been repor...

Maize (corn) is a major and high yield crop, cultivated worldwide although diseases may cause severe yield reductions. Monitoring and identifying maize diseases throughout the growth cycle are crucial tasks. Accurately detecting diseases is an issue for farmers who need expertise in plant pathology, while professional diagnosis can be time-consumin...

O agronegócio voltado para a produção e beneficiamento florestal está em constante expansão em todo mundo, em especial na região norte e nordeste do Brasil. No entanto, fatores como as doenças das plantas podem restringir essa expansão. Mas, a partir do conhecimento sobre doenças em espécies florestais é possível evitar e/ou reduzir danos e perdas...

In the recent time the ability of farmer to predict onset of rainfall is very essential as a result of irregularities of weather and climate condition due to issue of global climate change. This paper was design to assess the significance of indigenous knowledge on prediction of rainfall onset period to local farmers of Sudano-Sahel Savannah ecolog...

The field of plant pathology has undergone a transformative evolution, transitioning from traditional, labor-intensive methods to the genomic era marked by significant advancements in molecular biology and computational sciences. This shift has revolutionized our understanding of plant diseases and disease resistance. Genomics, particularly Next-Ge...

Las enfermedades fúngicas como brusone, mancha parda y el manchado de los granos afectan el potencial productivo y la calidad del arroz. Prácticas de manejo como la época de siembra, pueden tener una influencia positiva o negativa en la intensidad de enfermedades. En ese contexto, el objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de las diferentes épocas de siembr...

Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is a pathogen with an exceptionally broad host range. The Colletotrichum on infection produce anthracnose symptom in the form of lesions as small angular brown spots on the leaf petiole, the lower surface of leaves and leaf veins of cowpea grown under different cropping patterns. The experiment was conducted in the lab...

Goal. The preparation’s efficiency Peroxide urea, crystal powder, (complex urea chemical combination, 65%: hydrogen peroxide, 35%) determined on potato wart zoosporangium causative agents Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perc. and cysts potato yellow cyst nematodes Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber). Methods. Laboratory (to conduct laboratory...

Plant disease epidemiology as a sub discipline of plant pathology is concerned with the factors that cause plant epidemics. Epidemiology or epiphytology is the study of the outbreak of disease, its course, intensity, cause and effects and the various factors governing the disease spread. Plant disease is a common occurrence in the field. But it...

Plant viruses threaten food security and are often transmitted by insect vectors. Non-persistently transmitted (NPT) plant viruses are transmitted almost exclusively by aphids. Because virions attach to the aphid’s stylet (mouthparts) and are acquired and inoculated via brief epidermal probes, the aphid–virus interaction is highly transient, with a...

Degradation of potatoes is responsible for advancing generation, and yield loss vary due to the use of the seeds from different generations. Therefore, experiments were conducted at the research field and post graduate laboratory of Plant Pathology Department, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, during three successiv...

It is quintessence to control plant diseases for the production of quality and surplus of food, feed and fibre for maintaining a healthy and rapidly growing world people population. Different kinds of plant disease management strategies may be followed for the management or eradication of plant diseases(Shafi et al., 2017). Most of the agriculturis...

Variables of phytopathological interest correlated to the impact of plant diseases, such as incidence and severity, may display a spatial pattern resulting from an underlying, yet unknown gradient. Along the main direction of the gradient the variable assessed at the site level either increases, or decreases. Spatial gradients may also arise becaus...

"Frontiers of Plant Diseases at a glance" is a comprehensive book that delves into the various diseases affecting crops grown in fields, providing insights into their identification, causes, and management strategies. Authored by experts in the field of plant pathology, this book serves as a valuable resource for farmers, pathologists, agronomists,...

Barley is an important grain feed crop. A significant amount of it is also used for the production of cereals and beer. Barley ranks fourth in the world in terms of sown area (about million hectares) and grain harvest. The volume of barley crops in the Republic of Kazakhstan is reaching 2 million hectare. In 2021-2023 on the experimental field of t...

La producción de cacao en Ecuador es fundamental tanto económica como culturalmente, pero enfrenta serios problemas debido al hongo Moniliophthora roreri, causante de la moniliasis. Se evaluó la eficacia de los agentes de biocontrol Trichoderma harzianum y Bacillus subtilis para controlar M. roreri en cacao CCN-51. La investigación se realizó en la...

Identification and examination of export-import goods, in particular lemons, plays a significant role in facilitating the detection of customs violations and crimes, as well as in ensuring preventive measures to eliminate them. The article analyses the peculiarities of examination of citrus fruits, in particular lemons, with a view to their classif...

Root-knot nematode (RKN) (Meloidogyne incognita) is a major plant parasitic nematode that severely damages crops, leading to significant yield losses and substantial economic impact globally. This study aims to investigate an environmentally sustainable biological strategy for mitigating parasitic populations of the root-knot nematode, M. incognita...