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What is the role of microorganisms in agriculture as biofertilizer and role of microorganisms in plant nutrition and soil health?
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Microorganisms such as Azospirillum, Rhizobium, and bacteria that mobilize phosphate, potash, and silica play a major role in nutrient fixation and mobilization. These microbes reduce the need for inorganic fertilizers in the soil, thereby minimizing artificial chemical loads. This results in reduced soil and water pollution while also increasing crop yield without disrupting environmental balance.
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Do microorganisms play an important role in creating nutrient rich soil and role of microorganisms in soil fertility and plant nutrition?
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Yes they play a key role in improving the soil content of minerals when degrading organic materials
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How are microorganisms important in nutrient availability and transformation in the soil and role of microorganisms in plant nutrition and health?
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Respected Sir,
Microorganisms are essential for nutrient availability and transformation in the soil. They convert nutrients from organic and inorganic forms into those that plants can readily absorb. For example, nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, and other microbes help in the mineralization of phosphorus and decomposition of organic matter, releasing vital nutrients like carbon and sulfur into the soil.
In plant nutrition and health, microorganisms play a crucial role by enhancing nutrient uptake (e.g., mycorrhizal fungi increasing root surface area), promoting plant growth, and protecting plants from pathogens through biocontrol mechanisms. They also improve plant resilience to environmental stresses and contribute to soil fertility, directly impacting plant health.
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How microorganisms are important for maintaining of healthy soil and biodiversity and role of microorganisms in plant nutrition and soil health?
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Good morning, Dr Naresh,
I think soil health depends on microbes........
Microbes are crucial in maintaining soil health, acting as the foundation of soil ecosystems and contributing to numerous processes essential for plant growth and environmental sustainability. Here's a summary of how microbes are related to soil health:
Nutrient Cycling
Microbes are key players in nutrient cycling within soil ecosystems. They break down organic matter, releasing essential nutrients for plant uptake. This process, known as decomposition, is vital for maintaining soil fertility and supporting plant growth.
Nitrogen Fixation: Certain bacteria, such as Rhizobia, form symbiotic relationships with leguminous plants, converting atmospheric nitrogen into plant-available forms. This natural fertilisation process reduces the need for synthetic fertilisers.
Phosphorus Solubilization: Some microorganisms can solubilise inorganic phosphates, making this essential nutrient more accessible to plants.
Soil Structure and Water Retention
Microbes contribute significantly to soil structure and water retention capabilities:
  • Fungal hyphae and bacterial exudates help bind soil particles together, forming stable aggregates.
  • These aggregates improve soil porosity, enhancing water infiltration and retention.
  • Improved soil structure also increases resistance to erosion and compaction.
Plant Growth Promotion
Many soil microbes directly promote plant growth through various mechanisms:
  • Production of phytohormones like auxins and cytokinins
  • Suppression of plant pathogens through competition or antibiotic production
  • Enhancement of plant stress tolerance to drought, salinity, and heavy metals
Carbon Sequestration
Soil microbes play a crucial role in carbon cycling and sequestration:
  • They help incorporate organic matter into the soil, storing carbon in stable forms.
  • Mycorrhizal fungi can transfer significant amounts of carbon from plants to the soil, contributing to long-term carbon storage.
Biodegradation of Pollutants
Certain microbes can break down environmental pollutants, including pesticides and hydrocarbons, contributing to natural bioremediation processes.
Indicators of Soil Health
The diversity and activity of soil microbial communities serve as indicators of overall soil health:
  • A diverse microbial community generally indicates a healthy, well-functioning soil ecosystem.
  • Changes in microbial community composition can signal soil degradation or contamination.
In conclusion, microbes are intricately linked to soil health, influencing virtually every aspect of soil functionality. Understanding and promoting beneficial microbial communities is crucial for sustainable soil management, agricultural productivity, and environmental conservation.
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How are living organisms important for improving soil fertility and role of microorganisms in plant nutrition and soil health?
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Dr Ali S T Al-Dulaimi thank you for your contribution to the discussion
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How do soil microflora interact with plant roots and influence plant nutrition, health, and productivity?
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Prem Baboo Thanks for adding your expert views on Soil Micoflora interaction however I felt that Dr Sakshi Balyan point of view is in line with my question and thanks for both the experts for your comments and supporting my research
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What is the role of decomposers in the cycling of matter in the biosphere and role do soil microbes play in plant nutrition availability and uptake?
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Decomposers in ecosystems act as environmental cleaners by decaying dead plants and animals. They aid in the recycling of nutrients. They make room for a new life in the biosphere by decaying the dead. Decomposers, which include bacteria, fungi, and certain types of insects, play a crucial role in the cycling of matter in ecosystems. Decomposers facilitate material cycling by decomposing dead organisms and waste, returning essential nutrients to the environment. Decomposers, which include bacteria, fungi, and some types of insects, play an important role in the cycling of matter in ecosystems. Soil microbes are key for plant nutrition. Microorganisms play a crucial role in nutrient cycling in soil. The composition and activity of microbiota impact the soil quality status, health, and nutrient enrichment. Microbes are essential for nutrient mobility and absorption.
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《Plant Nutrition Diagnostics: Potato》
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Yes, that's what I mean。Whoever has an electronic version of this book here, please contact me。
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I understand that it is possible to estimate the capacity of a certain soil using the freundlich and Langmuir models. I am sure that running this models is quite an acquarate approach to determine P fixation.
I decided to ask this question, because I feel that for farmers it is a very complex approach. Therefore I was wondering if there is a different process to follow that would be more in-practice oriented situations?
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You're correct that using models like the Freundlich and Langmuir equations to estimate soil capacity for phosphorus (P) fixation can be accurate but may be complex for farmers to implement directly. Fortunately, there are more practical and farmer-friendly approaches available:
1. Soil Testing: Regular soil testing is a simple and effective way for farmers to assess soil fertility, including nutrient availability and fixation potential. Soil testing laboratories can provide farmers with comprehensive reports that include recommendations for nutrient management based on the specific characteristics of their soils.
2. On-Farm Trials: Conducting on-farm trials allows farmers to observe the performance of different management practices, including fertilization strategies, on their own fields. By comparing the results of different treatments, farmers can gain practical insights into how their soils respond to different inputs and make informed decisions about nutrient management.
3. Soil Amendments: Applying soil amendments such as lime or gypsum can help reduce phosphorus fixation in soils with high levels of aluminum or iron oxides. These amendments can help improve soil pH and cation exchange capacity, making phosphorus more available to plants.
4. Precision Agriculture Technologies: Advancements in precision agriculture technologies, such as remote sensing, soil mapping, and variable rate application, enable farmers to manage their fields more efficiently and effectively. By accurately targeting inputs based on site-specific soil and crop conditions, farmers can optimize nutrient use and minimize the risk of phosphorus fixation.
5. Integrated Nutrient Management: Adopting an integrated approach to nutrient management that combines organic and inorganic sources of nutrients can help reduce phosphorus fixation and improve soil fertility over the long term. Practices such as crop rotation, cover cropping, and organic matter addition can enhance soil health and nutrient cycling, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers.
By combining these practical approaches with scientific knowledge and expertise, farmers can effectively manage phosphorus fixation and optimize nutrient use in their agricultural systems. Agricultural extension services and agronomic advisors can also play a valuable role in supporting farmers in implementing best management practices tailored to their specific circumstances.
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Its application will help reduce usage of granular urea by about 14% and that of DAP initially by 6% and later by 20%. It will lead to saving in foreign exchange reserves of the country, improvement in plant nutrition and 100% availability of nutrients in the soil.
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Hey there Hiten Barman :)
So, let's dive into the scoop on the new liquid nano Di-Ammonia Phosphate (DAP) fertilizer. It's a game-changer for Indian farmers, no kidding.
First off, this stuff is designed to help farmers cut back on using granular urea by a solid 14%. And as for DAP, it's going to initially reduce usage by 6%, with a big jump to 20% down the road. That's some serious saving power right there.
Now, why is this important? Well, aside from saving farmers some cash, it's also going to help our country stash away more foreign exchange reserves. Plus, it's a real boost to plant nutrition. Think of it as a turbocharge for your crops.
And here's the kicker: with this liquid nano DAP, we're talking about 100% nutrient availability in the soil. That means your plants are getting all the good stuff they need, right when they need it.
So, in a nutshell, this new liquid nano DAP fertilizer is a win-win-win for Indian farmers. It saves money, shores up reserves, and keeps those crops happy and healthy. What's not to love?
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What is the importance of the rhizosphere to plant nutrition and importance of mycorrhizae in crop production?
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Dr Sunil Meghwanshi thank you for your contribution to the discussion
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How nanotechnology is an efficient tool in plant nutrition management and role of nanomaterials in improving the nutritional value of crops?
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Dr Murtadha Shukur thank you for your contribution to the discussion
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What is the role of microorganisms in plant nutrition and soil health and nutritional requirements of microorganisms of industrial importance?
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Rk Naresh This may be help you Sir
Microorganisms play a crucial role in plant nutrition and soil health. They are involved in various processes that benefit plant growth and soil fertility. Here are the key aspects:
  1. Nitrogen Fixation: Some soil bacteria, like Rhizobium, form symbiotic relationships with leguminous plants, converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form usable by plants. This process significantly contributes to the nitrogen content of the soil.
  2. Decomposition and Nutrient Cycling: Microorganisms decompose organic matter in the soil, releasing nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are essential for plant growth. This recycling maintains soil fertility.
  3. Enhancing Soil Structure: Microbial activity improves soil structure, increasing its porosity and aeration, which aids in root growth and water retention.
  4. Disease Suppression: Certain soil microorganisms can suppress plant pathogens, reducing the incidence of plant diseases.
  5. Promoting Plant Growth: Some microbes, like mycorrhizal fungi, form symbiotic relationships with plant roots, enhancing water and nutrient uptake, and in some cases, providing resistance to environmental stress.
For microorganisms of industrial importance, their nutritional requirements vary widely depending on the species and the industrial application. Generally, these microorganisms need:
  1. Carbon Source: For energy, growth, and as a building block for cellular components. This can be derived from sugars, alcohols, or hydrocarbons, depending on the microorganism.
  2. Nitrogen Source: Essential for the synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular components. Common sources include ammonia, nitrates, or organic nitrogen.
  3. Minerals and Vitamins: Required in trace amounts for various enzymatic and physiological functions.
  4. Specific Growth Factors: Some microorganisms need specific vitamins or amino acids that they cannot synthesize.
  5. Optimal Environmental Conditions: Temperature, pH, and oxygen levels must be suitable for the specific microorganism's growth and metabolic activities.
In industrial contexts, the cultivation of these microorganisms is carefully controlled to maximize their production of desired products, such as antibiotics, enzymes, or biofuels.
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How microorganisms are important for maintaining of health soil and biodiversity and role of microorganisms in plant nutrition and soil health?
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Microorganisms help break down organic matter, they release essential nutrients and carbon dioxide into the soil, fix nitrogen and help transform nutrients into mineral forms that plants can use through a process called mineralization and nitrogen fixing bacteria improve soil fertility.Microorganisms regulate soil properties and fertility through different pathways: (1) microbes can activate soil nutrients and promote their availability; (2) nitrogen-fixing bacteria improve soil fertility by transforming the nitrogen elements; (3) the extracellular secretions of microbes can enhance the stability of ecosystems. Beneficial soil microbes perform fundamental functions such as nutrient cycling, breaking down crop residues, and stimulating plant growth. While the role of microbes to maintain soil health and contribute to crop performance is clear, the soil biological component is extremely difficult to observe and manage. Microorganisms increase the production of humus, which leads to an increase in soil health. Soil structure and soil texture are essentially the same property of soil. Soil microorganisms alter the waste constituents through organic matter decomposition, inorganic transformations, and nutrient assimilation. These processes are largely restricted to the upper meter of soil. The ability of soil microorganisms to decompose organic matter is a function of their population complexity. Microorganisms play a crucial role in nutrient cycling in soil. The composition and activity of microbiota impact the soil quality status, health, and nutrient enrichment. Microbes are essential for nutrient mobility and absorption. Through their varied functions, they stimulate plant growth and reduce diseases. Moreover, microorganisms have the ability to degrade and detoxify harmful organic as well as inorganic compounds that accumulate in the soil as contaminating substances, which are the result of many activities, including agriculture practices. They exert the bioremediation action benefiting soil and plant health. Microscopic creatures including bacteria, fungi and viruses can make you ill. But what you may not realize is that trillions of microbes are living in and on your body right now. Most don't harm you at all. In fact, they help you digest food, protect against infection and even maintain your reproductive health. Microorganisms play essential roles in biogeochemical processes, and the disturbance of these microbial systems on a global scale may result in dramatic ecological issues, such as disruptions of food webs due to nutrient cycling changes, and increased greenhouse gas production due to alterations of the carbon cycle. Soil microorganisms are responsible for most of the nutrient release from organic matter. When microorganisms decompose organic matter, they use the carbon and nutrients in the organic matter for their own growth. They release excess nutrients into the soil where they can be taken up by plants.
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How will the action of microorganisms affect soil fertility and role of microorganisms in plant nutrition and soil health?
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The presence of mycorrhizal fungi can increase the effective rooting zone up to 10,000 times. This can increase access of water and immobile nutrients.
The protective sheath around the fungus is a glyco or sugar proteinacous component that has ability to protect the fungi in world but also is a persistent material that stimulates soil aggregations.
The net result is it builds the soil organic matter and also stimulates soil enrichment as it improves the nutrition and nutrient mobilization.
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What is the importance of the rhizosphere to plant nutrition and how do rhizosphere microorganisms affect plant growth?
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The rhizosphere is the narrow region of soil surrounding plant roots. It is one of the most dynamic and biologically active zones in the soil, and it plays a vital role in plant nutrition. Rhizosphere microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, interact with plant roots in a variety of ways to influence nutrient availability and uptake.
Importance of the rhizosphere to plant nutrition
The rhizosphere is important to plant nutrition because it is where the majority of nutrient exchange between plants and the soil takes place. Plant roots release a variety of exudates, such as sugars, organic acids, and amino acids, which attract and stimulate the growth of rhizosphere microorganisms. These microorganisms play a key role in nutrient cycling and transformation, making nutrients more available to plants.
For example, some rhizosphere bacteria can solubilize phosphorus, making it more available to plant roots. Other bacteria can fix nitrogen from the air, making it available to plants in a form that they can use. Mycorrhizal fungi, which form symbiotic relationships with plant roots, can help plants to absorb water and nutrients from the soil more efficiently.
How rhizosphere microorganisms affect plant growth
Rhizosphere microorganisms can affect plant growth in a variety of ways, both directly and indirectly. For example, some rhizosphere bacteria can produce plant hormones that promote plant growth and development. Other bacteria can produce antimicrobial compounds that suppress the growth of harmful plant pathogens.
Mycorrhizal fungi can also help plants to resist drought and other abiotic stresses. In addition, rhizosphere microorganisms play a role in soil aggregation and organic matter decomposition, which both improve soil health and fertility.
Overall, the rhizosphere is a critical zone for plant nutrition and growth. Rhizosphere microorganisms play a vital role in nutrient cycling and transformation, plant hormone production, and disease suppression. By understanding and managing the rhizosphere, we can improve plant productivity and sustainability.
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If I build my soil organic matter, how will it affect plant available nutrients and importance of soil organic matter in plant nutrition?
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Building soil organic matter (SOM) will improve plant available nutrients in the following ways:
  • Increased nutrient storage: SOM can store a large pool of essential plant nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. As SOM decomposes, these nutrients are released into the soil in a form that is readily available to plants.
  • Improved nutrient retention: SOM can help to retain nutrients in the soil, preventing them from leaching away into groundwater or being lost to the atmosphere. This is because SOM has a high cation exchange capacity (CEC), which means that it can hold onto positively charged ions, such as ammonium (NH₄⁺) and potassium (K⁺).
  • Enhanced nutrient availability: SOM can improve the availability of nutrients to plants by chelating them. Chelation is a process in which metal ions are bound to organic molecules, making them more soluble and available to plant roots.
  • Increased microbial activity: SOM provides a food source for soil microorganisms, which play an important role in nutrient cycling. As microorganisms decompose SOM, they release nutrients into the soil and also produce organic substances that can improve nutrient availability to plants.
Importance of soil organic matter in plant nutrition:
SOM is essential for plant nutrition because it provides a source of essential nutrients and improves the availability of those nutrients to plants. SOM also helps to improve soil structure, water infiltration, and water holding capacity, all of which are important factors for plant growth.
In addition, SOM plays a role in plant defense against pests and diseases. SOM can suppress the growth of harmful pathogens and attract beneficial organisms, such as mycorrhizal fungi, which can help to protect plants from disease and improve nutrient uptake.
Overall, building soil organic matter is one of the best things you can do to improve plant nutrition and grow healthy, productive plants.
Here are some tips for building soil organic matter:
  • Add organic matter to the soil regularly, such as compost, manure, or mulches.
  • Cover the soil with a living cover crop whenever possible.
  • Reduce tillage to minimize disturbance to the soil and its microbial community.
  • Adopt sustainable farming practices that promote soil health, such as crop rotation and cover cropping.
By building soil organic matter, you can create a healthy and productive soil environment for your plants to thrive in.
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How does high content of organic matter in soil enhances its water holding capacity and plant nutrition?
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Dr Muhammad Zamin thank you for your contribution to the discussion
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Discuss the role of soil microorganisms in enhancing soil fertility and plant nutrition. Provide specific examples of how microbial activity contributes to soil health.
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Soil microorganisms play a crucial role in enhancing soil fertility and plant nutrition. They are key drivers of various processes that make essential nutrients available to plants, improve soil structure, and maintain overall soil health. Here are some specific examples of how microbial activity contributes to soil fertility and plant nutrition:
  1. Nutrient Mineralization and Cycling: Microbes, such as bacteria and fungi, break down organic matter in the soil, including dead plants and animals, into simpler compounds through a process known as decomposition. During decomposition, organic materials are transformed into mineral forms of essential nutrients, such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S), which can be taken up by plants. For instance, nitrogen-fixing bacteria in legume root nodules convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, making it available to plants.
  2. Nutrient Fixation: Certain microorganisms, like mycorrhizal fungi, form symbiotic relationships with plant roots. Mycorrhizal fungi extend the root's reach, increasing its ability to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. These fungi can enhance nutrient uptake, particularly for phosphorus and other less mobile nutrients.
  3. Nutrient Transformation: Microbes are involved in various transformations of nutrients in the soil. For example, they can convert organic forms of phosphorus into more plant-available inorganic forms. Denitrifying bacteria can transform nitrate (NO3-) into nitrogen gas (N2), reducing the risk of nitrate leaching and environmental pollution.
  4. Biological Nitrogen Fixation: Certain bacteria, such as rhizobia in legume root nodules and free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil, convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, which plants can use as a nitrogen source. This biological nitrogen fixation is essential for maintaining soil nitrogen levels and promoting plant growth.
  5. Pathogen Suppression: Some soil microbes, like beneficial bacteria and fungi, can suppress the growth of plant pathogens by outcompeting or producing antimicrobial compounds. This contributes to healthier plant populations and reduces the need for chemical pesticides.
  6. Soil Structure Improvement: Microbial secretions, such as exopolysaccharides, can improve soil structure by binding soil particles together. This enhances soil porosity, aeration, and water infiltration. Earthworms, which are not microbes but are part of the soil ecosystem, ingest organic matter and excrete nutrient-rich castings that improve soil structure.
  7. Decomposition of Organic Matter: Microbial decomposition of organic matter contributes to the formation of humus, a stable organic component of soil. Humus improves soil water-holding capacity, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and nutrient retention.
  8. pH Regulation: Microbial activity can influence soil pH by producing organic acids during the decomposition of organic matter. This can help buffer soil pH and maintain it within a suitable range for plant growth.
In summary, soil microorganisms are essential for maintaining soil fertility and plant nutrition. Their diverse activities in nutrient cycling, transformation, fixation, and soil structure improvement contribute to overall soil health and play a vital role in supporting plant growth and sustainable agriculture.
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I am looking for a post doc. position on plant nutrition, stress physiology or climate change in agriculture. I thank all the scientists and researchers who can help me on this topic.
Regards
Amin
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Recently, I have analyzed the relationship between urbanization and nitrogen deposition. The research area is in Tianjin, where the soil nutrient content is relatively low and the soil is weakly alkaline (7.26-8.64). We did not directly measure nitrogen deposition, but indirectly represented nitrogen deposition through NO2 data from meteorological monitoring points (results from other cities). The results also indicate a quadratic function relationship between them. Based on data on soil available nitrogen content, pH, and plant leaf nitrogen content (woody and herbaceous), we found that soil available nitrogen decreased with an increase in distance from the city center (or atmospheric NO2 content), while pH showed the opposite trend, with higher pH in areas with high urbanization (or atmospheric NO2 content). Plant leaves also exhibit higher nitrogen content as they are farther away from the city center (or with lower NO2). According to existing research results, urbanization is usually accompanied by high nitrogen deposition, manifested as higher soil available nitrogen and obvious soil acidification in areas with high urbanization. Even if the system experiences nitrogen saturation, the input and output of nitrogen will still be equivalent. And our results on soil and plants are more like a decrease in nitrogen deposition in areas with high urbanization.I would like to know which details were overlooked in our analysis or which factors should be considered to address the problem we are. Any relevant discussions are appreciated.
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Paul Milham Thanks for your reply! We have checked the data and confirmed that soil are matched with the locations. We attempted to obtain the establishment time or interference events of the sampling points, but this information is difficult to confirm. We measured other soil properites and found that SOC was positively related to soil total nitrogen (or nitrate nitrogen, NO3-N). Ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) was not related with urbanization (or NO2) gradient. SOC ranged from 3.4g kg-1 to 79.5 g kg-1. TN ranged from 0.05 % to 0.22 %. NO3-N ranged from 0.26 mg g-1 to 8.65 mg g-1. In general, locations in high urbanization have higher atmospheric NO2, pH, MAT and MAP, while locations in low urbanization have higher TN, NO3-N, herb richness, microbial diversity and plant productivity (both herb and trees). For soil particle size and exchangeable cations, what important information we can get from these properities?
For tree leaf, we measured three tree species (Populus tomentosa, Fraxinus chinensis and Styphnolobium japonicum, which were the main tree species for urban green spaces in northern China ) and understory herb (all herb leaves combined into one sample) along the transect, and leaf sampling is all at the same position. Leaf nitrogen contenr ranged from 1.17% to 4.05% for tree and 0.78% to 4.01% for herb, respectively. We also measured leaf carbon content, SLA, LDMC, LT (leaf thickness) and height, and found that higher urbanization (or NO2) areas have higher SLA.
Through literature review, we found that frequent removal of litter in urban areas or the increase in N2O emissions due to high temperatures and rainfall. Whether these N losses are the cause of low available N in urban environments (high urbanization or N deposition)? And NO3-N is more easily leached from the soil, which may also affect the available N content. But I'm not sure if these processes occur in the system we're concerned about.
Hope to receive your reply again!@
Regards, Hao
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I am working with a nitrogen sensitive species trying to induce somatic embryogenesis. The textbooks I've gone through so far insist that casein hydrolysate - or another reduced nitrogen source - is crucial to initiating embryogenic callus. but many of the protocols I've read don't include CHL or any other nitrogen sources. So what's the truth here? Is this reagent crucial or not? I've ordered the casein hydrolysate just in case, but am trying to figure out if I'll even need it.
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Regarding the omission of nitrogen sources I think it may be ammonium ions which is initially omitted in many research during the microcalli development and casein hydrolysate on the other hand is mixture of amino acid. But organogenesis is dependent on many factors like carbon source or hormones or additives so you have to standardize it. You can order MS without Ammonium salt it is available in duchefa.
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Do bacteria recycle organic matter and role of microorganisms in plant nutrition and soil health?
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Soil bacteria perform recycling of soil organic matter through different processes, and as a result they produce and release into the soil inorganic molecules (PO 4 3 −, CO2) that can be consumed by plants and microorganisms to grow and perform their functions. Bacteria break down (or decompose) dead organisms, animal waste, and plant litter to obtain nutrients. But microbes don't just eat nature's waste, they recycle it. The process of decomposition releases chemicals that can be used to build new plants and animals. Microorganisms play a crucial role in nutrient cycling in soil. The composition and activity of microbiota impact the soil quality status, health, and nutrient enrichment. Microbes are essential for nutrient mobility and absorption. Through their varied functions, they stimulate plant growth and reduce diseases. Soil microorganisms are responsible for most of the nutrient release from organic matter. When microorganisms decompose organic matter, they use the carbon and nutrients in the organic matter for their own growth. Microbes create nutrient-like carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, phosphorus, potassium, trace elements, vitamins and amino acids and make them available for plant in right form for their growth and health. Bacteria and fungi are the major decomposer on earth and crucial component for composting and humus formation. Within food plant cropping systems, microorganisms provide vital functions and ecosystem services, such as biological pest and disease control, promotion of plant growth and crop quality, and biodegradation of organic matter and pollutants. Mats of filamentous bacteria absorb the soluble nutrients from the sewage and protozoa mix through the slurry, stirring up the bacteria to keep them feeding. Through this process, bacteria can remove up to 90 percent of the organic matter from the wastewater.
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How do microorganisms in the soil affect the soil's productivity and role of microorganisms in plant nutrition and soil health?
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Soil microbes play a vital role in the sustained growth of plants. They decompose and recycling nutrients bound in organic materials. They help access minerals in rocks large and small and they can even refine nitrogen from the air into a useful form for plants. Microorganisms like bacteria and fungi, act as decomposers as they break down the dead and decaying organisms into simpler nutrients that mix with the soil. These nutrients are absorbed by plants during photosynthesis. Microorganisms increase the source of nitrogen in the soil, or they can supply it directly to the plant, as they have the ability to take and set nitrogen from the atmosphere. Microorganisms, there is an increase in the bioavailability of phosphorus in the soil. Microorganisms play an important role in the nutrient cycle. Some bacteria (Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria) secrete phytochemicals and organic acids that are helpful in the growth and development of plants. Microorganisms help maintain soil pH but balance nutrients and minerals. Due to their close proximity to plant roots, soil microbes significantly affect soil and crop health. Some of the activities they perform include nitrogen-fixation, phosphorus solubilization, suppression of pests and pathogens, improvement of plant stress, and decomposition that leads to soil aggregation. Microorganisms have the potential to improve plant growth under abiotic stress conditions by promoting the production of low-molecular-weight osmolytes, such as glycinebetaine, proline, and other amino acids, mineral phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, organic acids, and producing key enzymes. Both plants and microorganisms obtain their nutrients from soil and change soil properties by organic litter deposition and metabolic activities, respectively. Microorganisms have a range of direct effects on plants through, e.g., manipulation of hormone signaling and protection against pathogens.
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What is the difference between macronutrients and micronutrients in plant nutrition?
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The three main macronutrients are Nitrogen (N: The plant takes up nitrogen in the form of nitrate.).potassium (P: involved in root growth, flowering stage e.t favors flowering etc), and phosphorus (K: It boosts cell tissue strength, boosts photosynthesis, and turns on nitrate absorption.)
There are 7 essential plant nutrient elements defined as micronutrients boron, zinc, manganese, iron, copper, molybdenum, chlorine required in smaller quantities
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What’s function and application of soil microorganisms in forest ecosystem role of microorganisms in plant nutrition and soil health?
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Soil microbes play an important role in forest ecosystems through decomposition of organic matter, carbon and nutrient cycling, humic compound incorporation into mineral soils, and linking plant and ecosystem functions. Microorganisms are useful to us in the following ways: They help in the production of bread, wine and curd through the process of fermentation. Probiotics present in our body also help in proper digestion and to boost immunity. They also help in increasing soil fertility through nitrogen fixation and decomposition. Microorganisms have the potential to improve plant growth under abiotic stress conditions by promoting the production of low-molecular-weight osmolytes, such as glycinebetaine, proline, and other amino acids, mineral phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, organic acids, and producing key enzymes. Soil microorganisms are responsible for most of the nutrient release from organic matter. When microorganisms decompose organic matter, they use the carbon and nutrients in the organic matter for their own growth. They release excess nutrients into the soil where they can be taken up by plants
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How can plant nutrition be optimized in horticulture crops to improve growth, yield, and quality?
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Plant nutrition is critical in optimizing growth, yield, and quality in horticulture crops. Here are some ways to optimize plant nutrition:
  1. Soil preparation: Before planting, the soil should be prepared adequately to provide a favorable environment for the crops. The soil pH, nutrient content, and structure should be considered. A soil test can help determine the nutrients that are lacking or in excess.
  2. Fertilizer application: Fertilizers provide essential nutrients for plant growth. However, it is important to apply the right amount and type of fertilizer at the right time. Over-fertilization can cause toxicity or environmental pollution, while under-fertilization can limit plant growth and yield.
  3. Foliar feeding: Foliar feeding is the application of nutrients to the leaves of plants. It can provide a quick and efficient way of supplying nutrients to the plant. However, it should be used as a supplement to soil fertilization.
  4. Irrigation management: Adequate water supply is crucial for plant growth and nutrient uptake. Water management practices should be implemented to ensure optimal soil moisture levels for the crops.
  5. Organic matter application: Organic matter can improve soil fertility and nutrient availability. Compost, manure, and other organic materials can be added to the soil to improve soil structure, water-holding capacity, and nutrient content.
  6. Crop rotation: Crop rotation can help prevent nutrient depletion in the soil. Different crops have different nutrient requirements, and rotating crops can help ensure that the soil remains balanced.
  7. Use of biostimulants: Biostimulants are substances that can enhance plant growth and nutrient uptake. They can be applied to the soil or plant to improve plant growth and yield.
By implementing these strategies, plant nutrition can be optimized to improve growth, yield, and quality in horticulture crops.
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What is the application of nanotechnology solutions in plants fertilization and applications of nanotechnology in plant nutrition?
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Nanoparticles facilitate a smart delivery system of nutrients with the targeted cellular approach in plants as well as in the rhizosphere. The nanopolymers and nano fertilizers also benefit the plant in stress resistance, crop nutrient quality and improve water use efficiency. Nanotechnology helps to improve agricultural production by increasing the efficiency of inputs and minimizing relevant losses. Nanomaterials offer a wider specific surface area to fertilizers and pesticides. Nanotechnology applications may assist with obtaining accurate spatial information about the location of a nutrient or bioactive food component in a tissue, cell, or cellular component. Iron nanoparticles (Fe-NP) have been used as a source of Fe for plant nutrition. It is well known that Fe is necessary for the synthesis of chlorophyll in plants. A deficiency of this mineral cause’s leaf chlorosis.Application of nanomaterials in agriculture is to reduce the applied amount of plan protection products, to minimize nutrient losses in fertilization and increased the yields through an optimized nutrient management. Nanomaterials improved contents of nutrition characteristics in various plants via modulating nutrient concentrations, increasing chlorophyll content, enhanced photosynthetic activity, and enhancing key enzymes activity. Nano-based target delivery approach is used for crop improvement. Nanopesticides can be used for efficient crop protection. Uses of nanosensors and computerized controls greatly contribute to precision farming. Nanomaterials can also be used to promote plant stress tolerance and soil enhancement.
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I'm interested in opinions and papers regarding these elements for plant nutrition and its relevancy today? Will be doing an article so please be prepared to go 'on record'. Thanks
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Surendran in the context of application to plant nutrition. For example: we have always maintained a balanced NPK in fertiliser application, but now we seem to have commercial fertilisers with NPK with K applications higher than phosphorous. I know these are usually for flowering. But I have found application of these with these higher K ratios anecedotally provide better results. Also with respect to the problem with phosphorous shortages how will that affect plant nutrition. Also plant hormones are they an adjunct to nutrition (npk) or can they replace? Generally have we learned anything since we discovered NPK?
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Hello dear researcher,
I am very eager to participate in writing part of your research, if possible, and do whatever my scientific ability allows. My favorite topics are plant nutrition, environmental stresses and other aspects of crop physiology. Thank you very much.
AHAD MADANI
Ph.D in Agronomy.
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How to Find a Research Collaborator
Authorea is the leading collaborative platform to read, write, and publish research.
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My research investigated the impact of water stress on plant nutrition. Phosphorus content was stable regardless of increasing PEG concentration. Is there any valid explanation on why as i am trying to find the reason
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New books. Maybe 2010 till today and only about all fruit trees! Reference and handbook books nutrition fruit trees.
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I will definitely check them out.
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According to inquiries developed so far through Scientific Method, roughly from last 400 years, plants need 17 essential elements to produce and complete its vital cycle, otherwise there will be deficiencies with negative consequences upon productivity or even causing whole death of plant. Overall these elements are divided in two categories: macro (C, H, O, N, P, K, Mg, Ca, S) and micro-elements (Fe, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, B, Cl, Zn). Equally, another main concept inside plant nutrition is "The law of the minimum" which states that if one of the essential nutrients named before are scarce, the plant productivity will go down even if remaining nutrients are plenty. This statement is attributed to german chemist Justus Von Liebig in 1840, although, 12 years ago before that (1828), Carl Sprengel, a german agricultural chemist stated that the mineral elements are necessary for life plants and irreplacable. ¿What do you think about? ¿Who's the idea owner?
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Arnon and Stout
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Hi all professor. Could you please tell me what cause this problem on melon. as you notice, some seeds germinated inside fruits. why?
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Agreed with Sajid Khan
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Hi everybody,
Most of the springer journals (e.g., Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition or Journal of Plant Growth Regulation) didn't publish any new articles (Online first) after 3rd December! is there any problem? or updates?
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Hello, Adil Mihoub
Maybe because of Christmas festivals, you can contact the journal office.
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  • The chloride anion (Cl-) has traditionally been considered a harmful element for agriculture due to its antagonism with the nitrate anion (NO3-), and its toxicity when it accumulates in high concentrations under salinity conditions. On the other hand, Cl- is an essential micronutrient for higher plants, being necessary in small traces to fulfil a number of vital plant functions such as: cofactor of photosystem-II and some enzymes; neutralisation of positive charges in plant cells; and regulation of the electrical potential of cell membranes. Below a specific level in each species, plants suffer symptoms of Cl- deficiency, altering these cellular mechanisms and negatively affecting the capacity for cell division, cell elongation and, in short, the correct development of plants. However, there are indications in the literature that could suggest beneficial effects of Cl- fertilisation at macronutrient levels.
  • The results of my thesis have determined a paradigm shift in this respect since Cl- has gone from being considered a detrimental ion for agriculture to being considered a beneficial macronutrient whose transport is finely regulated by plants. Thus, we have shown that Cl- fertilisation in well-irrigated plants promotes growth and leads to anatomical changes (larger leaves with larger cells), improved water relations, increased mesophyll diffusion conductance to CO2 and thus improved water and nitrogen use efficiency (WUE and NUE, respectively).
  • Considering that the world's population is expected to reach 9.8 billion people by 2050, global efforts are being made to increase food resources by improving crop productivity. This requires practices that make rational use of available resources, particularly water and nitrogen (N). Only 30-40% of the N applied to the soil is used by plants, and 80% of available freshwater resources are currently being consumed by agriculture. On the one hand, an excess of NO3- fertilisation in crops leads to an increase of NO3- content in the leaves of plants of different species that are consumed fresh (e.g. spinach, lettuce, chard, arugula). The presence of high levels of NO3- in food can cause health problems such as methaemoglobinaemia or promote the accumulation of carcinogenic compounds. These practices also lead to an increase of percolated NO3- in aquifers, causing environmental problems such as eutrophication.
  • In broadleaf vegetables, NO3- and its derivatives can accumulate to high concentrations. When ingested, these compounds are processed by enzymes found in saliva and from bacteria of the gastrointestinal microbiota, generating NO2-, nitrosamines and/or N2O5, substances that promote stomach and bladder cancer, causing a serious problem for human health. When NO3- enters the bloodstream, it transforms haemoglobin into methaemoglobin, no longer able to transport oxygen to the lungs, causing babies to suffocate and die, which is what is known as 'methaemoglobinaemia' or 'blue baby disease', and which, as we have already mentioned, was made visible by Greenpeace on numerous occasions. Thanks to these actions, in the European Union there is a very demanding regulation of NO3- content in water for human consumption, as well as in vegetables and processed foods especially dedicated to the production of food products for susceptible groups such as babies, the elderly, vegetarians and vegans. Thus, the European Union has established a series of strict standards (1881/2006 and 1258/2011) that determine a series of thresholds for NO3- content in the most widely consumed vegetables (such as spinach and lettuce), and especially in baby food with much stricter limits, where it is even recommended to avoid the consumption of certain vegetables in babies before the first year of life and to limit their consumption in children from 1 to 3 years of age. At the environmental level, the European Union already created in 1991 the Nitrates Directive (European Directive 91/676/EEC), to protect water quality throughout Europe, encouraging the use of good agricultural practices to prevent NO3- from agriculture from contaminating surface and groundwater.
  • Substituting certain levels of NO3- for Cl- in fertigation solutions can reduce these problems without negatively affecting plant development. On the other hand, in the context of current climate change, the strong demand for water from agriculture threatens the freshwater supplies available to the population. Therefore, increasing WUE and NUE, as well as preventing water deficit and increasing water stress tolerance in plant tissues are very important traits for crops that could be favoured by the use of Cl- in new agricultural practices. Thus, Cl- could establish a synergistic improvement in a more efficient use of water and nitrogen for a healthier and more sustainable agriculture.
References:
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A very good explanation and cautions for those who are dealing with plant nutrients including myself. Yes, chlorine is the most ignored micro-nutrient!
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Exist there any standard text book in universities for students dealing seriously with amino acid fertilizers as state of the art in plant nutrition ?
Look here, they make much proaganda in Africa with this I this, I think myself pseudo / fake fertilizer and pest regulator but also here in Europe with similar EM (Effectice microorganisms)
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  • Mr. Johann, you mentioned in your question that they make much proaganda in Africa with pseudo / fake fertilizer and pest regulator but also here in Europe with Effective microorganisms.You are right there are instances where amino acids based products are used as biostimulants with a complex composition and different product characteristics depending on their sources and production processes mainly enzymatic protein hydrolysis. Amino acids also function as biostimulants for plants. As a biostimulant, amino acids can play important roles in enhancing plant productivity, especially under abiotic and biotic stress conditions.
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(plant, fertilizer type, additive rate, method of addition, results)
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Hi. No I haven’t.
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In organic farming, it is said that 'feeding the soil always feeds the plants'. How can marginal and small farmers supply such a huge quantity of different organic manures every year ?
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Feeding the soil is more useful
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Soil fertility, plant nutrition
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Experts have already answered the question However,
Ni addition stimulates the methane content of biogas, while excessive addition of Ni causes inhibition of methanogenesis.
Thanks and regards
Srinivas Kasulla
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My greenhouse maize plants are too thin. They have strips on the leaves.
The conditions are 14h day/10h night; 26-28°C day and 20-22°C night; 60% humidity; peat soil mixed with little sand. 
I use Osmocote exact Standard 3-4 for fertilization. It is a granular and should work for 3- 4 month. It contains all important nutrients which dissolve gradually:
16% nitrogen (7,4% nitrate-N and 8,6% ammonium-N)
9% P2O5
12% K2O
2,5% MgO
0,02% B
0,056% Cu
0,45% Fe
0,06 Mn
0,025% Mo
0,02% Zn
The plants are at V4 stage now.
I think that the plants have a nutrition deficite. What is the best fertilizer for greenhouse maize? Du you have any suggestions for improvement?
Thanks!
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Hello everyone,
I've been struggling with this matter:
We have data on sugar cane production (soils, treatments, weather …). We want to understand in which conditions soil/plant nutrition will yield the best result. It is hard to infer causality as some treatments are often performed jointly and we are not able to isolate the partial effect of the applications of interest.
Any one has any leads on interesting statistical methods please ?
Thanks a lot
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Hello Adrien,
The gold standard method, of course, to determining causal influence for a variable or variable set is to manipulate that variable (or set) on randomly assigned cases and collect results on the subsequent values of the outcome variable(s) of interest.
If that's not feasible, then what you can do is evaluate how much (if any) explanatory power the individual variable/s may have, being sure to include interaction terms among the variable set under consideration. Of course, there is always the possibility that you are omitting one or more important variables from the set being evaluated (or that there is something idiosyncratic about the responses observed from the data you did collect, which might not generalize, or could again represent an unmeasured influence). Multiple linear regression would be a plausible framework for initiating this type of analysis.
Good luck with your work.
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Hydrogen fuel cell use O2 from atmosphere or cylinder and generating energy and distilled water. As being explosive in nature, Hydrogen fuel cells may blast and harm public nearby. Further consumption O2 particularly in residential areas may create problem for public inhalation and COx emissions may further disturb.
Use of distilled water out may harm agricultural/ plants nutrition if not collected properly and disposed off.
What will be impact of mass scale use of hydrogen fuel cells as energy source?
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Hi.
Yes. may be used and dbyproduct only water vapor
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Dear all,
I am wondering after how much time of organic agriculture one would expect to run into a deficiency of geogenic nutrients (P, K, etc.).
Let me explain: From what I understand, mineral fertilizers are largely forbidden in organic agriculture and organic fertilizers as manure or compost are sourced from other crops mostly on the same farm. This practice transfers nutrients from less nutrient intensive crops to higher demanding sites, but does not replace the nutrients exported through the harvested products. Those products go to consumers and the nutrients end up in waste water treatment plants and/or surface waters.
As mineral weathering is a slow process, I guess that nutrient stocks in the soils are depleted over time. Please correct me if my reasoning is wrong at some point. I would like to know if there are mass balances estimating this time for different crops/landscapes?
PS: obviously this argument does not hold true for N as it can come from the atmosphere through nitrogen fixing organisms.
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Nutrient cycles in organic agriculture are not fully sustainable. There is need to give emphasis on building of high organic matter and further reduce losses through adoption of conservation agriculture practices. Further to stop leaching losses of nutrients appropriate irrigation method and efficient drainage system at farm level is needed.
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Is it possible to conduct an experiment without proper control where the effect of several doses of a particular nutrient on a particular crop will be evaluated? Is it possible to compare these doses with one another rather than comparing with a formal control using DMRT or turkey HSD? Again if we take two factors( two different nutrient sources and their respective level) is control is still needed as levels? For example if I take thee doses of nitrogen (100 kg N/ha, 150 kg N/ha and 200 kg N/ha) and three doses of potassium (50 kg k2O/ ha 100 kg k2O/ ha and 150kg k2O/ ha) in FRBD design; is it necessary to add another level as the control in nitrogen where no nitrogen will be applied?
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Normally, you will need a control which normally will be a treatment without a level for better comparison of other treatments whether in the field or laboratory. However, depending on your objective you may decide to define what your control will be. On that basis you will be able to present your data in a way that it may be acceptable
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What is more reliable for establishing optimum leaf nutrient concentrations of plants, particularly trees? The focus is on boundary-line approach and compositional nutrient diagnosis norms.
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If you want to derive critical foliar deficiency concentrations de novo, that is very different from starting with evidence from existing data bases, e.g. Pant Analysis Handbook IV, and refining that information. Such 'sufficiency' levels are typically for 'well-performing' crops, i.e. the size of the gap between the lower end of the sufficiency range, and deficiency, is unknown.
If there are no data for your chosen species, then take guidance from the nearest botanical relative for which data are known. That guidance will likely include sampling guidelines.
My definition of a critical level is that it can only usefully be estimated when all other elements are in sufficient supply. Otherwise one ends up with critical concentrations that are dependent on the status of other nutrients, which confounds the terminology and dilutes the usefulness of the data.
That definition may appear exacting in its prior requirements, but there are sufficiency ranges that apply very widely.
Lastly, in some varieties of cultivated plants differ considerably in their requirement for a particular element, and this seems more often to relate to minor/trace elements.
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What are the phosphorus release strategies installed from the soil?
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1) By adding organic matter humus can form phosphohumic complexes which is easily assimilated by plants, humate ion can replace phosphate ions and humus can form coating around the Fe and Al ions so that coating prevent P from fixation....
2) There are P - solubilizing organisms a) Bacteria - Pseudomonas and Bacillus
b) Fungi - Aspergillus and Pencillium
3) VAM Fungi can increase the absorption of P from soil by extension of root system
4) Placement (Band placement) of fertilizers (Placing the fertilizer below the seed can reduce the fixation of P by reducing the contact between the soil and fertilizer)
5) Liming of acid soils also release fixed P from Fe and Al compounds
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Anthocyanin pigments have several colors that vary depending on their influence on a range of factors, including acidity of the medium, temperature, level of plant nutrition, agricultural servicing ..etc.?
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Anthocyanins are water-soluble vacuolar pigments that, depending on their pH, may appear red, purple, blue or black. Food plants rich in anthocyanins include the blueberry, raspberry, black rice, and black soybean, among many others that are red, blue, purple, or black.
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I am working on a dataset to derive optimum and sufficiency ranges of leaf nutrient concentrations in olive. I am searching for a reliable reference to compare it with the ranges generated by me.
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Is it possible for symptoms of nutrient deficiency to appear on wild plants?
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Thank you
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I have sort of data consist of two variables --dependent and independent-- and want to fit it in linear-plateau form. How to do that in excel or other software and how to identify the inflection point?
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Hello Ali,
in EHello Ali
Hello Ali
in Excel, you should your data represent in an x-y coordinate system.
If you have done it, go into the graphic and click on "Add trendline".
Please chooses "Polynomial". Choose second order for maximum respectively plateau.
Choose the third order for the inflection point.
Then go to "Options" set a hook on "Display equation on chart",
set a hook on "Display R-squared value on the chart".
To find the exact points of maximum respectively inflection point please derive the functions.
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I need to evaluate the effect of elicitors and fertilization doses in the hormonal, spectral, and physiological response in Citrus latifolia plants infected with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) in a greenhouse. The challenge is 1) to found for the best method of infection 2) to standardize a methodology to have diseased plants in a short period and that the plants get sick a similar period for later analysis with the same conditions.
I would greatly appreciate it if someone has an idea or experience with the intentional infection of plants with CLas. Thanks a lot.
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Dear Alfredo
Please read this article
  • DOI:10.1094/PHYTO-98-5-0592
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Can plant nutrition with fertilizers have a negative or positive effect on plant resistance to diseases and insects?
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Excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers leads to an increase in incidence of pests, while the application of phosphate and potassium fertilizers reduces the incidence of pests.
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We repeatedly measured the same sample (QC0.2) using an ICP-OES, but the intensity decreased along with the analytic sequence for Zn, Cu, Fe, as well as other elements.
The sequence is:
[2Blank + QC0.2] repeat 14 times
QC0.2 is 0.2 ppm of multielement ICP standard in 2% HNO3.
The intensity of Zn at 202.548 nm, for instance, decreased about 30% from the beginning to the end.
The data are attached.
We have checked the hardware: like the position and cleanness of the spray chamber, the pump tube, the plasma torch, etc., but still, we couldn't find the problem causing this intensity dropping.
Has anyone had ever experienced a similar problem? How did you solve it?
Your answers will be very helpful for us!
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You might get some good answers from the Plasmachem-L listserver community at https://listserv.syr.edu/scripts/wa.exe?A0=PLASMACHEM-L
My first thought was loss of intensity might be due to the peristaltic pump tubing. Is it new or quite old? New tubing often needs "running in", as it starts off quite elastic and compressible, and as it ages, gets less so and flow rate might decrease. Old tubing develops flat spots and becomes ineffective at supplying the solution to the nebulizer. Users often turn up the clamps, then forget to back them off when the tubing is changed, accelerating the wear of the new tubes each time. Given the blanks are also decreasing, I suspect that might be the first cause.
Are you using an internal standard? Is it added to the samples or is it mixed via a t-piece? That might help diagnose the problem and/or solve issues during the run.
What is the matrix of the solution? Is it acidic at all? Is the blank the same apart from the QC solution? If they are different, perhaps the nebulizer is slowly building up residue that the blank does not remove. Is the issue continuing today or do the intensities recover?
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I use light protected jars and big falcon tubes to grow my plants. Usually, I don't get algal contamination when growing plants for 2-3 weeks. But, sometimes I get algal growth in my samples. It would be great to have your views on following questions.
1. Is it common?
2. How do you deal with it?
3. How much impact it can have on normal growth and development, if I am regularly changing the media every 2 days?
4. Can I use MICROPUR CLASSIC MC 10T tablets?
5. Although, hydroponics is a non sterile system; is it okay to consider this system for comparative physiological & molecular studies if I am getting mild algal growth once in a while?
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I have received conflicting information about the exchange of ions during K+ uptake by roots in hydroponic systems. The first explanation is the root releases H+ in exchange for K+ to maintain electronegativity in the hydroponic solution thus lowering the pH. The second explanation is the root releases carbonates in exchange for K+ thus raising the pH. Which explanation is correct?
I know that there are different K+ transporters (low affinity at high K+ concentration, high affinity at low K+ concentration). Could these conflicting explanations be based on different K+ transporters?
Thank you!
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When the potassium cation is absorbed and utilized as Paul Milham explains the charge balance is maintained in the plant by secreting into the soil a hydrogen ion maintaining the cationic balance. I am attaching the distinctly difference the absorption of Nitrogen as ammonium has on the soil pH compared to the absorption of nitrate as indicated by the pH color indicator.
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Calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2 given same N use efficiency in all parts of plants which application in acid soil low pH. in comparison for NH4 sources, I appreciate all scientists comments, that could be explaining those reasons. thanks in advanced.
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The form of N and the fate of N in the soil-plant system is probably the major driver of changes in soil pH in agricultural systems.
Nitrogen can be added to soils in many forms, but the predominant forms of fertilizer N used are urea (CO(NH2)2), monoammonium phosphate (NH4H2PO4), diammonium phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4), ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), calcium ammonium nitrate (CaCO3+NH4(NO3)) ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), urea ammonium nitrate (a mixture of urea and ammonium nitrate) and ammonium polyphosphate ([NH4PO3]n).
The key molecules of N in terms of changes in soil pH are the uncharged urea molecule ([CO(NH2)2]0), the cation ammonium (NH4+) and the anion nitrate (NO3-).
The conversion of N from one form to the other involves the generation or consumption of acidity, , and the uptake of urea, ammonium or nitrate by plants will also affect acidity of soil.
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Foliar fertilization is a quick and efficient way to improve crop nutrient status during periods of high nutrient demand in the crop, or soil-applied fertilizers less available to the plant.
My questions what is an appropriate time to supply nutrients as foliar for sugarcane crop. The nutrient contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, Sulfur, Calcium, Magnesium, zinc, iron, manganese, and copper when we added as a single or combined system.
. it is critical to determine the effect of crop load on the capacity of properly timed foliar fertilizers to increase the yield of sugarcane.
The question for researchers in the fields of soil science, plant nutrition, crop physiology and agronomist specialized in sugarcane crop.
Therefore, my request is to provide me with any practical suggestions to increase my knowledge concerning these issues, besides the literature review, technical report and articles also are needed.
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The best timing is when the plant has the biggest foliage unless there is a need to spray earlier than that (i.e. to cure nutrient deficiency)
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During water deficit stress, plant shows several responses. If fertilizers or other chemicals are applied, how their absorption will be affected, is there any reference please?
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I agree with the explanation of Youssef Sassine
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We are detecting Indole acetic acid (IAA) producing actinobacteria according to Bano and Musarrat (2003) method.
The summary of the method is:-
Inoculation of the isolates in LB medium (supplemented with 0.5% glucose and 500 μg/mL tryptophan) -----> Incubation at 28 ◦C for 48 h -----> Centrifugation of the cultures at 10000 rpm for 15 min ----> 2 mL of the supernatant were transferred to a fresh tube to which 100 μL of 10 mM ortho-phosphoric acid and 4 mL of the Salkowski reagent (1 mL of 0.5 M ferrous chloride in 50 mL of 35% perchloric acid) were added ------>incubation of the mixture at room temperature for 25 min and the absorbance of pink color development read at 530 nm -----> Calculation of the IAA concentration in cultures.
Is there any method better than this one? or if any modification?
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My dear friend, the method you have mentioned is the best way to evaluate the production of auxin, but sometimes with a few changes in the method, a good result can be achieved, for example, changing the ratio of the reagent (Salkowski) to the sample (supernatant) and also adding or not adding ortho-phosphoric acid to the mix.
The incubation is also better in the dark.
Wishing you success with you dear friend
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Hi all professor
would you please tell me what the cause of this problem on cabbage? I am looking forward to see your answers. Please help me thanks
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It could be also related to a symptom of phytotoxicity or herbicide application.
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Hi all dear professores
as you see all sepals have been changed to large leafs. Please notice that these symptoms just have seen on 3 bushes. What is your idea about this problem?
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symptoms of phytoplasma
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I am trying to estimate phytate-P from soil by enzyme addition method. I consulted several papers and most of them had use malachite green for P determination. I followed the method described in Jarosch et al., 2015 and tried several time for estimating MRP from NaOH-EDTA extract of different soils, after and before enzyme incubation. But I failed to develop color in every cases. Rather I ended up with greenish precipitate inside glassware. I am unable to understand the problem, can anybody please help me?
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I'm planning an experiment for this upcoming summer and I'm in need of a good supplier of severely nutrient-impoverished river sand (washed) in the USA? Does anyone knows a company that sells this kind of product??
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Most if not all States require various permits to mine river sand, gravel, etc. Contact the appropriate state environmental, water and mining agency for a listing or an inspector knowledgeable about ongoing activities. It is not unusual to have to pay a premium for some types of river sand. Supplies of sand can be costly to transport distances, so best to find one locally. You might also contract local concrete companies concerning various sources of sand.
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It seems that original wild plants are more resistant to diseases and parasites that those selected and "improved" for their commercial value
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Thank you very much Ricardo for your answer. Does it means that wild plants living in the absence of challenges will gradually lose their ability to fight against diseases and pest? could it be an epigenetic phenomenon, like the methylation of CpGs of the promoters of resistance genes?
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I've just search for information on google but too little research about this topic.
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I think our take home is that when we apply zinc for deficiency we also need to optimize Phosphorus and Potassium depending on their needs. While phosphorus is particularly needed in the early stages of germination emergence and particularly root growth the need for potassium is most evident for the stages of grain fill where carbohydrates are mobilized to the growing seeds. In a fertilization strategy focus on Phosphorus is best used in the starter phase and the needs for potassium are mostly flowering and post flowering. Zinc is most needed in the grand vegetative growth stages the strategic application of foliar fertilization with zinc applied with urea is very effective for optimizing zinc and helpful for nitrogen push.
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Why is there no interest in micro-fertilization, especially when growing grain crops?
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The most common word used is fertigation where high water and nutrient use efficiency could be achieved. Fertigation gives best results in widely spaced crops and instalation of such system is cost effective for widely spaced crops but it is costly for closely spaced crops. Perhaps this is the reason that it is not used for grain crops. But research results concludes that fertigation is equally effective for food grain crops such as rice, maize, pigeon pea etc
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Usually, translocation factor is used to study heavy metals accumulations in plants. Is it possible to also apply this method to study macro and micronutrients translocation?
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A lot of studies have been conducted for determining the metals content in vegetables and herbs that are included in human diet. .....Translocation Factor ( TF ) has been described as the ratio of heavy metals in plants shoot to that in plant root. For more details consult https://www. scialert.net and https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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Hi all professors
would you please tell me about your experience in advicing fertilizer which contains tiosulphate calsium and tiosulphate potassium.
What are the advantages of using Tiosulphate calsium and Tiosulphate potassium?
thanks so much
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Calcium thiosulfate is a source of S and Ca 10 and 6% respectively. Potassium thiosulfate is a source of Potassium and Sulfur. Crops like Brassicas have a high sulfur requirement. In saline soils the use of calcium sulfate is important in substituting calcium for saturated sodium conditions. These materials may have some ability to acidify a alkaline condition which can have value. As a potassium source the most cost effective option is usually potassium chloride. For a source of sulfur and calcium sulfate would be preferred to calcium thiosulfate except where there is need to acidify the soil the thiosulfates might have utility. I believe they are more costly that other materials mentioned. All these materials should be applied based on soil analysis and the indication of deficiencies and their remediation. Besides the soil test the tissue analysis can fine tune the crop needs and responses.
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Nano fertilizers have a tremendous surface to volume ratio. From this point of view, it should make nano particles super reactive. If it is super reactive then it should be easily fixed in soil. But inspite of these, how nano material remain available for longer time with high efficiency in soil for plant nutrition?
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Main reason for high interest in fertilizers is mainly their penetration capacity, size and very higher surface area which is usually differ from the same material found in bulk form. This is partially due to the fact that nano particles show a very high surface: volume ratio. Thus, the reactive surface area is proportionally over-represented in nano particles compared to larger particles. Particle surface area increases with decreasing particle size and the surface free energy of the particle is a function of its size
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Hi Dear friends and figs researchers
Could you please tell me what the cause of these symptoms on fig. please help me. thanks so much.
I will be waiting for your answers.
.
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Dear Elaheh, this seems to be physiological stress, but for your personal satisfactions, you can culture some small pieces on selective medium and isolate total DNA and perform RCA. but i am sure this is not viral or bacterial infection.
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I am working on boron deficiency in Indian mustard.
During screening of different mustard genotypes I found the plants did not show any symptoms of boron deficiency, for a prolonged period, when I transferred directly to 1X Hoagland's after germination.
But when I slowly increase the nutrient concentration (from 1/4th, 1/2 and then to 1X), as mentioned in Xu et al 2012, the plants started to show symptoms respective to the Boron deficiency.
So then I got these questions:
1. As we all know plant's nutrient requirement depends and vary upon their developmental stage. Is that possible that excess concentration of nutrients (1X Hoagland's immediately after germination) hindered the deficiency symptoms of Boron?
2. Moreover, I found the survival rate of the seedlings were much better when I increase the nutrient concentration from 1/4th, 1/2 and then to 1X Hoagland's. Any explanation for this?
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It is an accepted practice to express the nutrients in fertilizers as percentage of nitrogen (N), phosphate (P2O5), and potash (K2O). We know that plants do not take up these nutrients in any of these forms, and this practice is being continued because of some historical reasons. In olden days, plant ash analysis was the major procedure for studying plant nutrition, and scientists, while analysing plant ash for various elements, observed that when these elements were expressed as oxides, they summed up to 100 percent indicating total analysis. Consequently, it became a practice to express various plant nutrients found in plant ash in oxide form (P2O5, K2O, CaO, MgO, etc.). Other elements that may not be present in plant ash are expressed in elemental forms only ( Examples, nitrogen ( N) and sulphur (S). This system has been accepted by the fertilizer industry to express grades of all fertilizers.
My question is: Why are we continuing this odd practice still now?. Why don’t we opt to express all the nutrients in elemental form?
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Part of this practice is in reference to the traditional (historical) way of expressing nutrients as the oxide form. Early chemists ashed their samples so that nutrients that didn't volatilize were oxidized under the high temperatures remained as oxides. This is similar to what may be found, for example, in fly ash after burning coal or wood. Experimentally, you will find pH values of around 11 in the ash.
Probably, more importantly, if the nutrient contents of today's fertilizer materials (especially P and K) were changed to an elemental basis instead of an oxide basis, the fertilizer analyses would be lower. This then becomes a marketing issue so that if one vendor has a material with 30% P2O5 and another has a material with 13% P without either vendor clearly explaining that the two values are the same. As a buyer of the material without a clear understanding of the difference between the values but at the same price, which one would you be likely to buy? The one with the higher nutrient value because you think you are getting more for your money. From a fertilizer consumer standpoint, most fertilizer consumers are not as clearly attuned to to this as we might be. In addition, much of the literature available (fertilizer handbooks, extension materials) still use the oxide designation because this is what the fertilizer consumer in widely exposed to.
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Can soil analysis be used as a guide to plant nutrition rather than plant analysis?
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From a total crop production standpoint, both are useful. However, when you are starting out without any information about establishing a crop and trying to decide as to what fertilizers to apply for a good yield, a soil test is always the best place to start. A soil test will provide an index of the fertility status of the soil in question and will allow one to apply fertilizer in amounts that are economically and environmentally sound. In order to be of best use, the soil tests need to be calibrated for the crop, soil types and climate in question. There is quite a bit of information in the literature for most common soil test methods that can help relating soil test values to fertilizer recommendations for crops. This is a good starting point and over several seasons, the fertilizer recommendations can be fine tuned to fit local or regional growing conditions and practices. This is called calibration of the soil tests.
Once fertilizer applications are made to a crop, plant tests are useful to determine if the recommended rates are adequate or appropriate for the field and crop. The recommendation calibration process uses both soil and plant tests to fine tune the fertilizer recommendations.
Keep in mind that:
1. Soil tests present a picture of the soil nutrient status before the crop is planted and allow fertilizer applications before the crop experiences deficiency symptoms and possible yield loss.
2. Plant tests give different pictures of the plant nutrient status at different stages of growth. Plant tests are "after the fact" tests. If deficiency symptoms occur before fertilizer can be applied, then crop yield may already be damaged before the deficiencies are identified and an "after the fact" fertilizer application may not be effective in making a full correction of the deficiency depending on the growth stage of the crop.
Using soil or plant tests or both depends on the research or production questions that you are trying to address and are related to the time and environment in which you are trying to address the questions.