Plant Disease Management - Science topic

Some bacteriophages of Xylella  fastidiosa, Liberibacter spp., Spiroplasma spp. could offer protection against the plant disease. Although several published experiments show some effects in reducing symptoms development, the tested control measures are not able to completely eliminate the bacteria from diseased plants. What is the future of phage-based control of tree diseases caused by these bacteria?

EFSA Panel on Plant Health (EFSA PLH Panel), Bragard C, Dehnen‐Schmutz K, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jacques MA, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P. Effectiveness of in planta control measures for Xylella fastidiosa. Efsa Journal. 2019 May;17(5):e05666.

De Leon, Victoria S. Investigation of'Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus' Prophages in Texas and Florida. Diss. Texas A&M University-Kingsville, 2020.

Chipman PR, Agbandje-McKenna M, Renaudin J, Baker TS, McKenna R. Structural analysis of the Spiroplasma virus, SpV4: implications for evolutionary variation to obtain host diversity among the Microviridae. Structure. 1998 Feb 15;6(2):135-45.

Bio char is a type of charcoal used as a soil ameliorant for both carbon sequestration and soil health benefits and also being used for the management of soil borne plant pathogens but I doubt whether it will be an economic and ecofriendly approach for the management of plant diseases.

If I were to receive an import of a new fruit species in the country and, upon arrival, the whole lot was diseased, what steps do I take to diagnose and solve the problem? Is there a general procedure or scheme followed for post-harvest management to identify the cause of the unknown disease?

I want to initiate work on mycorrhizal association in crop plant and its relation in plant disease management. So, i am seeking expert's help and collaboration on this research aspect.

We have some incidences of infestation of Orobanche in tomtaoes in Kenya. Farmers need assistance but I am not sure of the most effective approach to dealing with it. There are indications of good sanitation and solarization for prevention but nothing on dealing with an infestation.

Proposed Title: Biopesticide in Sustainable Agriculture for Insect-pest and Plant Diseases Management: Prospective Future, Market Trends and Opportunities

1. INTRODUCTION

2. DEFINITION AND CONCEPT OF BIOPESTICIDES

2.1. Biopesticide

2.2.1. Concept of Biopesticides

3. CLASS OF BIOPESTICIDE FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

3.1. Microbial Pesticide

3.1.1. Bacterial Pesticide

3.1.2. Fungal Pesticide

3.1.2.1. Market Potential of Fungal Pesticide

3.1.3. Baculoviral Agents

3.2. Biochemical Pesticide

3.2.1. Insect Pheromones

3.2.2. Botanical Pesticides

3.2.2.2.1. Pyrethrum

3.2.2.2.1.1. Mode of Action

3.2.2.2.2. Neem

3.2.2.2.2.1. Mode of Action

3.2.2.2.3. Rotenone

3.2.2.2.3.1. Mode of Action

3.2.2.2.4. Sabadilla

3.2.2.2.4.1. Mode of Action

3.2.2.2.5. Ryania

3.2.2.2.6. Nicotine

3.2.2.2.6.1. Mode of Action

3.2.2.3. Factors Influencing to the Use of Botanical Pesticides

3.2.2.3.1. Raw Material Availability

3.2.2.3.2. Standardization of Botanical Extracts

3.2.2.3.3. Regulatory Approval Remains the Most Alarming Blockade to the Commercialization of New Botanical Insecticides

3.2.2.3.4. Drawbacks and Barriers to Commercialization

3.2.2.3.5. Sustainability

3.2.2.4. Market Opportunities for Botanical Pesticides

3.2.2.5. Merits and Demerits of Botanical Pesticides

3.2.2.5.1. Merits

3.2.2.5.2. Demerits

3.2.3. Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs)

3.2.3.1. Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors (CSIs)

3.2.3.2. Juvenile Hormone (JH) Analogs and Mimics

4. ADVANTAGES OF BIOPESTICIDES

5. APPLICATION METHOD

6. POTENTIAL OF BIOPESTICIDES AND PROSPECTIVE FUTURE

7. MARKET TRENDS OF BIOPESTICIDE IN NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE

8. OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

9. CONCLUSION

10. SUMMERY

GLOSSARY FOR TECHNICAL TERMS

REFERENCES

Dear friends

Upward curling symptoms were observed in the matured leaves of papaya seedlings transplanted in the field. As per our observation it is not a virus. What may be the reason for this kind of curling?

Hi all dear professors

i am really appriciate it if you clarify the pathogen causing these symptoms on cucumber?

Hi all dear professores

as you see all sepals have been changed to large leafs. Please notice that these symptoms just have seen on 3 bushes. What is your idea about this problem?

Pomegranate trees, fruits, leaves, stems, all parts are spoiled, due to bacterial blight, and checked it is xanthomonas axonopodis, what will the permanent solution or treatment be?

Traditionally farmers in many African nations (and elsewhere) still grow individual crops not only in inter- specific (different species), but also in intra-specific (same species) mixtures. However, the development ideology to improve production has been one promoting displacement of these with new 'improved' varieties or hybrids with often questionable medium to longer term results. We now know better the value of useful diversity to maintain crop robustness agains biotic and abiotic stress.

While growing several varieties of Cucurbits, I encountered this type of yellowing in some of the varieties. It started two weeks after transplanting an organic field. I have already ruled out herbicide damage. The yellowing starts from the center of the leaf and spreads out. It is also present on young emerging leaves. As the plants grew, the yellowing appears to reduce/disappear, and so I believe it may not be a nutrient deficiency. See photos below. Any ideas? 

As you may know, cultivation of transgenic plants is prohibited in some countries. In other hand, the major plants in brassicaceae family have erucic acid in their seed oil. Then how we can produce a brassicaceae plant with 00 or 000 erucic acid without genetic engineering technology?

Canola (the erucic acid - free rapeseed)  is cultivated in over the world. Are this plans NON_GM? If yes, hoe they have been produced?

Some were told - 2,4 D damage, in the Google also I am getting same images but it is slightly spreading (a farmer observed this)

Any other reason... 

I have some problems with Acacia mangium seedlings sown in nursery. The tip leaves was subjected to severe chlorosis as in pictures attached. Do any of you know this symptoms and any suggestions/ideas for a solution is much appreciated.

we want to test cell wall component of Chaetomium globosum such as chitin for their ability to induce SAR in Tomato plant against leaf spot disease.

What type of defenses do plants have against parasites

I search this information for a study of this disease in Submédio do Vale do  São Francisco , Pernambuco, Brazil.

Generally oats infected with barley yellow dwarf virus show reddish colouration of leaves whereas leaves of rice infected with the same virus become yellow in colour. what is the reason and mechanism behind this

Phytoplasmas are specialised bacteria that are obligate parasites of plant phloem tissue. Phytoplasma infection is transmitted through sap-sucking insects and grafting. Is it possible to store the phytoplasma for long term and re-culture whenever required?  

My Capsicum plants are around 20-30 days old and they are loaded with some kind of insect with a white powdry mass surrounding them. The insects are mostly restricted to both the surfaces of the leaves plus the pedicel of the flower and other floral parts?

Can any one help identify this and suggest the remedial measures?

Thanks

Wilt disease of Acacia plantation.

Hi,

I would like to know more about how can I enable disease/pest infestation forecast with the help of drone image analysis. 

Any input will be a great help.

Regards,

Manoj

Orchard of walnut trees  with system of drip irrigation of North Patagonia, Argentina,. The trees show symptoms in leaves as is observed in the photo.

Thanks!

Wheat blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum pathotype is a fearsome disease first emerged in Bangladesh. It poses serious threat to food and nutritional security of Bangladesh. Scientist fears that this disease may spread to neighbouring Asian countries. We need to isolate the pathogen in infected plants and alternate hosts and thus needs a cheaper and faster protocol.

Dear all 

I received this picture from melons farmer.  I wanna know what the cause of these symptoms on the leafs is? Based on data from farmer these symptom has been seen around 40% of plants and they have been extended Gradually.

would you please tell me that it is related to leaf spot or phytotoxity and if this is leaf spot, what kind of fungi? 

metabolic demands of fever vs the natural response to infection.

I have several ryegrass cultivars infected with (E+) and without endophyte (E-)under two water regimes. If I detect an main effect of endophyte on the plant yield but not an interaction between endophyte and water regimes, will one say endophyte has an effect on drought tolerance of the host?

I found in the published research that when people say endophyte infection improved drought tolerance, it refers to there is no difference between E+ and E- plants under irrigated conditions but E+ improved yield or other physiological traits compared to E- plants under drought. However, if endophyte infection improved yield or other physiological traits under both irrigated and non-irrigated conditions, will one still consider endophyte infection improves the drought tolerance of the host?

Hi

would someone please tell me what is the cause of these problems on tomato?

kindly notice that the flowers of tomato have  withered and dries. these tomato was planted in open field. 

There are reports of PBW survival in bollgard II Bt cotton hybrids in India. Will it be a potential problems in years to come? How to over come.

Any idea about using charcoal in plant disease resistance or control in lab or field work.

These look-alike proliferation tumors slough off on the most magnified photo in the group (1st photo in the group, right side). The tree host species is red oak Quercus rubra.

Would you tell me the needed amount of inoulum for stripe rust epidemics;

1. for adult plant test in the field under natural conditions,

2. for adult plant test in the green house,

3. for seedling test in the greenhouse.

Exact amounts please.

Thank you.

Nusret

Pongamia pinnata leaves have some kind of infection on leaves, what's that?

friends, mango black spot is a very economically important disease and one of my farmers is having the problem...I can give one hint that there were severe rains during the fruit development stage for a week or week and half.....I cant say that rains are the exact causes but I need a commercially applicable solution.....please help to suggest something useful for the farmer..

I've tried growing it on a fruit, on leaves and brushing an agar plug but no success yet. I have tried putting the sporangia directly on tomato leaves, fruits but they rot before any P. infestans grows?

x

a colleague is interested in assessing yield penalty for groundnut cultivars having multi resistance to diseases such as leaf miner, rosette, leaf spot, and tolerant to drought

Do anyone have good experience of following identified microbes and it’s by by-products used for pathogen control in plant disease management

*Agrobacterium spp.

*Bacillus spp.

*Pseudomonas spp.

*Streptomyces spp.

*Ampelomyces spp.

*Candida spp.

*Coniothyrium spp.

*Gliocladium spp.

*Trichoderma spp.

I would like to know the reason for it and if there is any cure, etc.

Thank you

And what are your recommendations after Apple burr knot is observed

While working on root-knot nematode's hatching rate, there are some isolates' egg-mass that did not hatch in some treatments while others did. We want to know if it is the effect of the treatment or something else. Is there anybody that could help with explaining egg-mass chemical structure and physiology?

Also, any information on the egg's and nematode's cell walls and molting physiology?

Does the availability of O₂ affect the egg hatching? What affects the egg-mass?

Thank you so much in advance.

I'm working on the effects of climate change on endemic plants in the Mediterranean regions and I'm looking for some recent bibliography to read as background.

Generate disease free plants of release variety.

develop methods of rapid testing for main diseases.

Maintain genetic purity from one generation to another.

More and more opportunistic bacterial pathogens like Serratia, Pantoea, E. coli are isolated from plants and cause new plant diseases. Is there an increasing risk for people?

I'm working with walnut rootstock. I noticed a lot of plants have white streaks/fuzzy white clouds around the callus. They made the plants grow slowly and made the callus turn dark brown/black. Sometimes, no callus form at all. Could you guys suggest some ways to control it? Would PPM or streptomycin help? Thanks for any thoughts.

Can anyone tell me what I could see from the value of N, P, K and Zn, pH to infer the change of available nutrients to plants or uptake of nutrients, etc? Please see the attachment.

The native medical plant “Clammy Inula” (Inula viscosa L.) (family Compositae), is a perennial weed native to the Mediterranean. It grows on hill slopes, damp habitats, and roadsides. In folklore medicine, the plant is used for therapeutic purposes, such as a diuretic, topical anti-inflammatory, haemostatic, and for other purposes. Aqueous extracts of I. viscosa were shown to exhibit antifungal activity in vitro for phytopathogenic.

There is a possibility that due to some side effects of fungicide application certain active ingredients and potentially whole classes will be prohibited in future for use in agriculture. What are our options? What new resistant varieties, chemistries, biopesticides or biological control agents will be available for efficient disease control in cultivated plants? Which alternative approaches for plant protection will be pursued and employed to maintain the supply of raw food produce with the high standards of environmental protection?

Pathogen density in the root and soil.

I found in some research paper that no till reduces the common root rot infection in wheat. I am curious about the any physiological or environmental region behind it.

Bud rot (also called pudricion del cogollo or Amarelecimento fatal) wiped out thousand of hectares of oil palm plantations in South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil, Peru).

I have found few reports about this disease in Asia (Kerala - India) and Africa (Congo).

Does someone know about incidence of Bud Rot in Asia or Africa ?

Im a soil physicist doing a review about but rod incidence in oil Palm plantation and its relation to soil climate in the world. As in this forum participate many Asia and Africa oil palm stakeholders I decide to send this question and thanks in advance any help.

Use of chemical pesticides in plant/crop protection are becoming regulated and restricted due to their severe adverse impact on environment and human health. However, productivity, profitability and competitiveness of agriculture and forestry must increase at the same time. Pesticides though have been a major factor contributing to the increased crop yields in modern agriculture, but associated problems of environmental degradation that in turn has a marked influence on the economy, health and quality of life have become issue of global concern. Furthermore, resistant strains of pathogens rapidly arise to many new systemic pesticides and generation of new pesticides is becoming more complex and expensive. The difficulty of developing ecofriendly pest control agents has increased their cost and reduced their number that is available. At this crucial juncture, providing alternative means of disease control that are effective and economical and could reduce the dependence on pesticides has become warrantable. Hence, the question emerge – like human beings, is it possible to immunize plants in early stages to induce a stronger self defense capacity against pest and diseases?

Humans are suffering from many diseases due to eating bunted seeds.

For fungal disease.