Plant Chemistry - Science topic

Tomato, a globally significant crop, faces continuous threats from pests and pathogens, necessitating alternative approaches to reduce chemical inputs. Beneficial soil microbes, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), offer promising solutions by enhancing plant growth and pest tolerance. However,...

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a recognized threat not only to urban areas but also to more remote habitats including forests. Advancements in LED technology offer potential for streetlight infrastructure with minimized disruptive impact on ecosystems. Light dimming ranges among the most promising ALAN‐mitigation measures. Despite being essent...

A dereplication strategy was developed for the screening of secondary metabolites from Sophora flavescens. The strategy consisted of 4 procedures. First, the extract of the Sophora flavescens root was subjected to LC–MS/MS analysis with both data-independent acquisition (DIA) mode and data-dependent acquisition (DDA) mode. Then the DIA results were...

Plants form the foundation of most terrestrial ecosystems; therefore, plant chemistry can have important and far-reaching consequences for many ecological interactions and processes. Despite this, few studies have explicitly explored the spatial variation in plant chemistry. We mapped the distribution of volatile emissions of the mountain subspecie...

Plants are hosts for above- and belowground insect communities that can influence each other via above-belowground plant-physiological dynamics. To mediate interactions, plants produce secondary metabolites, including terpenoids, and mixtures can differ intraspecifically. While intraspecific variation in plant chemistry gained increased interest, t...

Although infectious diseases play a critical role in population regulation, our knowledge of complex drivers of disease for insects is limited. We conducted a field study on Baltimore checkerspot caterpillars (Euphydryas phaeton), chemical specialists on plants containing iridoid glycosides (IGs), to investigate the roles of host plant, phytochemis...

Thrips are one of the most challenging pests in agricultural crops, including Chrysanthemum. In this study we tested via two plant assays whether solutions containing sticky rice germ oil (RGO) droplets could effectively trap thrips and lower thrips damage on Chrysanthemum. In the first assay, we additionally assessed the metabolomic effects of the...

To develop taxonomy， new technologies such as mega-data and artificial intelligence should be introduced. These technologies could improve the accuracy， efficiency， and convenience of plant classification. This advancement move will provide support for development of other disciplines and serve the important foundational and irreplaceable needs of...

Today, aloe vera is a natural product that is widely utilized in the cosmetics industry. Even though it has a number of indications, controlled studies are necessary to ascertain its true effectiveness. This article provides a brief overview of the aloe vera plant, including its characteristics, mode of action, and therapeutic applications. Aloe ve...

Background and aims Root-associated microbiome, especially the core taxa, profoundly affect host fitness. Previous studies have shown that the fungal probiotic Phomopsis liquidambaris caused the reassembly of the peanut root core microbiome, promoting plant growth and disease resistance. However, the assembly mechanism of the root core microbiome r...

p dir="ltr">Fundamental hypotheses concerning the maintenance and generation of diversity in ecological communities posit a central role for the chemical differences among plants, namely as defenses against herbivores and pathogens. Research on Barro Colorado Island (BCI) has contributed major advances in our understanding of plant chemistry and it...

Natural ingredients have been used in skincare products for thousands of years. The current focus is on novel natural bioactivities that shield the skin from UV rays and free radicals, among other damaging elements, while enhancing skin health. Free radicals significantly contribute to skin damage and hasten ageing by interfering with defence and r...

Plants are hosts for above- and belowground insect communities that can influence each other via above-belowground plant-physiological dynamics. To mediate interactions, plants produce secondary metabolites, including terpenoids, and mixtures can differ intraspecifically. While intraspecific variation in plant chemistry gained increased interest, t...

Herbivore–plant interactions are fundamental processes shaping ecosystems, yet their study is challenged by their complex connections within broader ecosystem processes, requiring a nuanced understanding of ecosystem dynamics. This study investigated the relationship between nutrient availability and insect herbivory in the Australian Wet Tropics....

Chemodiversity, the diversity of specialised (secondary) metabolites, plays a crucial role in mediating interactions between plants and animals, including insect herbivores and mutualists. Chemodiversity can be observed at both the individual and the population level. However, the impacts of chemodiversity at these two levels on interactions betwee...

Boerhavia species have been of keen interest in phytochemical research due to their excellent medicinal values. In recent time phytochemical studies attend a very significant role in solving problems of systematics. The potential importance of chemical evidences in taxonomy was suggested by a number of early taxonomists. Application of chemical dat...

Medicinal plants have been integral to traditional medicine systems across the world due to their diverse phytochemical profiles and therapeutic potentials. This paper aims to elucidate the chemical repertoire of medicinal plants and their remarkable antioxidant properties, which contribute to their therapeutic efficacy. We conduct a comprehensive...

Climate change is profoundly altering insect populations and their interactions with ecosystems, with significant implications for agriculture and biodiversity. Rising temperatures and shifting precipitation patterns are driving changes in insect phenology, distribution, and population dynamics, potentially leading to increased crop losses and disr...

Associational effects, whereby plants influence the biotic interactions of their neighbors, are an important component of plant–insect interactions. Plant chemistry has been hypothesized to mediate these interactions. The role of chemistry in associational effects, however, has been unclear in part because the diversity of plant chemistry makes it...

Diversification of plant chemical phenotypes is typically associated with spatially and temporally variable plant–insect interactions. Floral scent is often assumed to be the target of pollinator‐mediated selection, whereas foliar compounds are considered targets of antagonist‐mediated selection. However, floral and vegetative phytochemicals can be...

Plant chemistry mediates interactions between plants and their environment. While intraspecific chemodiversity at the plant level is well-studied, the effects of groups of plants differing in chemistry on interactions need more attention. We conducted a field experiment to test how intraspecific chemodiversity affects plant-arthropod interactions....

A low-toxic (LD50 7600 - 10800 mg/kg) substance extracted from the buds and unripe fruits of Capparis spinosa, predominantly containing water-soluble polysaccharides, proteins and flavonoids (PPF), has an analgesic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effect. It has a similar effect to Levadopa, which is recommended for the prevention of Parkinson's...

Streptomyces is the largest source of microbial antibiotics with about 50% of marketed antimicrobial drugs originating from this genus. Endophytic streptomyces are the link between medicinal plants and the microbial world. Edible plants endophytic streptomyces were not targeted before despite their uniqueness and importance. In this review, we anal...

When facing new climate extremes, aquatic plant communities may experience more frequent or increasing durations of water shortages. Aquatic macrophytes of permanently inundated habitats (true hydrophytes) may lack the physiological or morphological characteristics that protect terrestrial plants from drying out. Aquatic hydrophytes with floating o...

Tannins, integral to plant survival, serve diverse functions from herbivore defence to influencing plant development. Classified into hydrolyzable and condensed types, these water-soluble polyphenols contribute to the nutritional profile of plant-based meals, offering taste, colour, and potential health benefits. Extraction methods, including solve...

The interactions between the terrestrial biosphere, atmospheric chemistry, and climate involve complex feedbacks that have traditionally been modeled separately. We present a new framework that couples the Yale Interactive terrestrial Biosphere (YIBs) model, a dynamic plant-chemistry model, with the RegCM-Chem model. RegCM-Chem–YIBs integrates mete...

The ecological impacts of roads are well-researched for many vertebrates, but studies are relatively lacking with regards to invertebrates. Here, we document changes in the abundance of ground-dwelling species of the three most common insect orders, Hymenoptera (specifically ants), Hemiptera (true bugs) and Coleoptera (beetles), with distance from...

As the world's climate changes, there is growing concern about how it is affecting human health, including the rise of antimicrobial resistance. Medicinal plants have been used for centuries and their antimicrobial properties have been recognized by many cultures. This article focuses on exploring the potential of medicinal plants for antimicrobial...

The strive toward sustainability increases the demand for bio‐based material production, forcing expansion of the biorefinery feedstock supply from forest wood to non‐woody materials such as agricultural residues. As a model organism for legume crops, the aptness of agricultural lupins as a lignocellulose feedstock is investigated. Principle chemic...

Background and aims Iron (Fe) plaque on rice roots is a mixture of Fe oxide and oxyhydroxide minerals thought to protect rice from high levels of arsenic (As) in flooded paddy soils. Silicon (Si), phosphorus (P), and selenium (Se) also exist as oxyanions in rice paddies, but the impacts of Fe plaque on uptake of these nutrients are unknown. Method...

Background and aims Intercropping-induced plant resistance to herbivorous pests is explained by different factors such as pest deterrence, attraction of natural enemies, microclimate, soil fertility, and soil microbial communities. The role of plant chemistry in this context has received less attention. Here, we investigated the impacts of intercro...

Light-emitting diodes (LED) offer energy-efficient and customizable light sources that can be tailored to optimize plant chemistry and growth characteristics. Indoor cannabis production is the most energy-intensive crop in the United States and suffers from insect pest infestations including the cannabis aphid, Phorodon cannabis Passerini, which ca...

The interactions between the terrestrial biosphere, atmospheric chemistry, and climate involve complex feedbacks that have traditionally been modeled separately. We present a new framework that couples the Yale Interactive terrestrial Biosphere (YIBs), a dynamic plant-chemistry model, with the RegCM-Chem model. RegCM-Chem-YIBs integrates meteorolog...

Plant-soil feedback can influence aboveground interactions between plants and herbivores by affecting plant chemistry. Such interactions can be utilized in pest management. However, cropping systems such as maize-legume intercropping (MLI) can influence these interactions which is not well understood. In this study, we explored effects of MLI syste...

Carbon sequestration to soils counteracts increasing CO2 levels in the atmosphere, and increases soil fertility. Efforts to increase soil carbon storage produced mixed results, due to the multifactorial nature of this process, and the lack of knowledge on molecular details on the interplay of plants, microbes, and soil physiochemical properties. Th...

Background Within the Hymenoptera, bees are notable for their relationship with flowering plants, being almost entirely dependent on plant pollen and nectar. Though functionally herbivorous, as a result of their role as pollinators, bees have received comparatively little attention as models for insect herbivory. Bees often display dietary speciali...

Insect herbivory may influence arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal colonisation by changing plant chemistry, and these effects can vary from negative to positive. Yet the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We investigated AM fungal colonization of Chinese tallow tree (Triadica sebifera) after exposing its seedlings to four different foliar‐feeding i...

The chemical sciences in present day instances owe no small debt to the improvement of enhancements in analytical techniques. Cinematographic methods, in particular, have served as successful, systematic separations in chemistry, biology, and biochemistry. The founder of chromatography is identified as the Russian botanist M. S. Tswett (1), who in...

Essential oils play a significant role in the plant chemistry. Natural products have been widely used in antiviral, antibacterial, antiparasitic, antifungal, insecticidal, medicinal and cosmetic applications since the Middle Age. Our aim in this study was to investigate the volatile components of the Genista carinalis Griseb. (Fabaceae) plant grown...

Extended abstract: The pear psyllid Cacopsylla pyri is a major pest in pear growing regions all over Europe (Garcia-Chapa et al., 2005). Infested pear trees can suffer directly from feeding damage due to massive psyllid colonization. Additionally, trees can be indirectly damaged in the event of mass occurrence, when enormous amounts of honeydew, es...

When foraging optimally, mammalian herbivores should select food items that confer the greatest nutritional benefits (such as crude protein and non-structural carbohydrates) and impose minimal to no costs. Many plants defend themselves from herbivores by producing plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) that defend against herbivores. PSMs, such as tann...

Intensifying drought conditions across the western United States due to global climate change are altering plant-insect interactions. Specialist herbivores must find their host plants within a matrix of nonhosts, and thus often rely upon specific plant secondary chemistry for host location and oviposition cues. Climate-induced alterations to plant...

Diverse specialised metabolites contributed to the success of vascular plants in colonising most terrestrial habitats. Understanding how distinct aspects of chemical diversity arise through heterogeneous environmental pressures can help us understand the effects of abiotic and biotic stress on plant evolution and community assembly. We examined hig...

With the current environmental issues, the use of bio-based products and/or ma-terials is becoming a necessity, especially in the field of construction, where moisture is most likely to stagnate and therefore lead to fungal growth. The Berkem Group has developed and patented a biosourced anti-mould microemulsion for use in wood wool and/or natural...

With the current environmental issues, the use of bio-based products and/or ma-terials is becoming a necessity, especially in the field of construction, where moisture is most likely to stagnate and therefore lead to fungal growth. The Berkem Group has developed and patented a biosourced anti-mould microemulsion for use in wood wool and/or natural...

Aim: Intraspecific variations of specialized metabolites in plants, such as terpenoids, are used to determine chemotypes. Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) exhibits highly diverse terpenoid composition profiles in leaf tissues, particularly of mono- and sesquiterpenoids. The substantial chemotypic variation in tansy plants influences their associated in...

Arjuna 's anti-inflammatory properties may be directly related to its anti-cancer properties. Terminalia arjuna bark is commonly known as Arjuna or Arjun bark and is abundant throughout India. This plant contains 15% tannins, triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids, calcium, aluminum and magnesium salts as well as dyes and sugars which are other componen...

Climate change is increasing temperature, decreasing precipitation, and increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations in many ecosystems. As atmospheric carbon rises, plants may increase carbon-based defenses, such as phenolics, thereby potentially affecting food quality, foraging habits, and habitat suitability for mammalian herbivores. In alpine hab...

Soil biota have strong effects on plants, but we have a poor understanding of how plant chemistry might modify these effects. We examined the effect of soil biota associated with an exotic invasive tree, Prosopis juliflora, versus that associated with native species, from seven sites across India on conspecifics and two other plant species. We then...

One of the major impacts of climate change is increasing global temperatures. Because warming is expected to affect plant morphological and chemical traits, it may therefore also influence plant interactions with other trophic levels, including herbivores. Here, we simulated a climate warming scenario of +2.7°C in the field using open-top chambers...

The systematics of plant taxa may be done using an integrated assessment of their morphological, anatomical, phytochemical and genetic characteristics, which may ultimately contribute to their sustainable utilization and value. This study adopts chemotaxonomy, morphometry and anatomical investigations to differentiate two Cissus species—Cissus popu...

Intraspecific phytochemical variation across a landscape can cascade up trophic levels, potentially mediating the composition of entire insect communities. Surprisingly, we have little understanding of the processes that regulate and maintain phytochemical variation within species, likely because these processes are complex and operate simultaneous...

Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam. (Rhamnaceae) is a plant species found across the Mediterranean area. This comprehensive overview aims to summarize the botanical description and ethnobotanical uses of Z. lotus and its phytochemical compounds derived with recent updates on its pharmacological and toxicological properties. The data were collected from electr...

Globally, large herbivores (e.g., cattle, elk) graze over 2.6 billion hectares of land. These lands can also be used to conserve pollinators that rely on similar resources, specifically diverse plant communities. Pollinator conservation will benefit from management in lands that are used for livestock grazing and wildlife conservation. However, max...

Aims The aim of this study is to develop and test the applicability of a rapid in situ plant chemistry profiling technique to determine elemental composition of small-volume plant and soil samples obtained from a woody bioenergy crop species, Populus trichocarpa. Expanding the research tools available to characterize the nutrient element correlatio...

PhD Studentship in Tropical Ecology Rainforest succession trajectories along an elevation gradient in times of climate change: a community-transplantation experiment in New Guinea We are looking for an enthusiastic candidate to join a project exploring plant-insect food webs in tropical rainforests in Papua New Guinea, using manipulative experimen...

The use of environmentally friendly growth regulators and micro fertilizers makes it possible to use energy-saving technologies and maximize the physiological capabilities of plants. At the Institute of Plant Chemistry named after Academician S.Yu. Yunusov, a biostimulator Uchkun was created, which has a low consumption rate and low toxicity. The d...

From the perspectives of pathway evolution, discovery, and engineering of plant specialized metabolism, the nature of the biosynthetic routes represents a critical aspect. Classical models depict biosynthesis typically from an end-point angle and as linear, e.g., connecting central and specialized metabolism. As the number of functionally elucidate...

Abandoned anthropogenic sites are transformed when they come into use. In the present study, such objects were abandoned Evangelical cemeteries located in the Land of the Great Mazurian Lakes (northern Poland). This study aims to compare the concentrations of selected major (Ca, Na, Mg, Al, Fe) and potentially toxic elements (Zn, Cd, Pb) in the roo...

Secondary plant chemistry mediates a variety of communication signals among species, playing a fundamental role in the evolutionary diversification of communities and ecosystems. Herein, we explored diet-mediated host plant effects on development and immune response of a generalist insect herbivore. Vanessa cardui (Nymphalidae) caterpillars were re...

The impact of climate change drivers on cultivated plants and pest insects has come into research focus. One of the most significant drivers is atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is converted into primary plant metabolites by photosynthesis. Increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations therefore affect plant chemistry. The chemical composition of non-vo...

Whether nutrient availability interacts with induced resistance to alter plant chemistry and, consequently, the preference and performance of herbivores on plants remains unclear. We hypothesized that changing fertilizer inputs modulates responses induced by exogenous application of the defensive phytohormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) against Tuta ab...

Bottom‐up effects from host plants and top‐down effects from predators on herbivore abundance and distribution vary with physical environment, plant chemistry, predator and herbivore trait and diversity. Tri‐trophic interactions in tropical ecosystems may follow different patterns from temperate ecosystems due to differences in above abiotic and bi...

Intraspecific genetic diversity is an important component of biodiversity. A substantial body of evidence has demonstrated positive effects of plant genetic diversity on plant performance. However, it has remained unclear whether plant genetic diversity generally increases plant performance by reducing the pressure of plant antagonists across troph...

Injudicious and indiscriminate use of toxic chemicals in tea deteriorates the plant, soil, and environment and escalates maximum residue limits (MRLs) in the end products. This requires for the adoption of safe, eco-friendly and non-chemical sustainable alternatives in tea. Beauveria bassiana is an entomopathogenic fungus that displayed high potent...

Context The legume shrub/tree leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit.) is highly regarded as a cattle fodder, although it is considered an environmental weed in many parts of Australia. Aims We investigated the feasibility of developing a forage variety of triploid leucaena through interspecific hybridisation that is sterile (without seeds)...

Insect herbivory is a key process in ecosystem functioning. While theory predicts that plant diversity modulates herbivory, the mechanistic links remain unclear. We postulated that the plant metabolome mechanistically links plant diversity and herbivory. In late summer and in spring, we assessed individual plant above‐ground herbivory rates and met...

The major cause of death around the world is cardiovascular disease, while cancer ranks second. Lung cancer stands out as a major cause of concern because it accounts for 12% of all cancer cases and is the leading cause of cancer-related death. Since prehistoric times, humans have relied on plants as a reliable resource for all three of these essen...

Background In nature and in cultivated fields, plants encounter multiple stress factors. Nonetheless, our understanding of how plants actively respond to combinatorial stress remains limited. Among the least studied stress combination is that of flooding and herbivory, despite the growing importance of these stressors in the context of climate chan...

Four major challenges present themselves to us for this 21st century. First, an increase in the world's population, leading to an increase in food and energy needs, all coupled with global warming. By 2050, the population is expected to increase by more than 50%, which will imply a demand of more than 70% in food needs and more than 100% in energy....

These papers present a study of the synthetic compound potassium salt 5-(o-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thione (D-361) at doses of 10; 30 and 60 mg/kg by oral administration on motor activity, locomotor action of phenamine, haloperidol catalepsy and M-cholinergic receptors in experimental animals. Based on the results of the experiment, it was...

Silicon (Si) accumulation in plants confers a mechanical barrier to insect herbivory and may alter plant chemistry to increase the attraction of natural enemies to host insect herbivores on Si−treated plants. The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a major insect pest of grain crops, including maize (Zea mays L.). This study examined whe...

Humanity is facing a set of existential challenges, including the handling of the parallel and interconnected crises of climate change and biodiversity loss. In an effort to address these challenges, international bodies like the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and E...

Plants produce an astonishing diversity of specialized metabolites as defences against herbivores, pathogens or detrimental abiotic conditions. Plants growing at different elevations are exposed to different biotic and abiotic conditions and typically show pronounced differences in their chemistry. Understanding how these differences arise through...

The importance of plant chemistry in the host specialization of phytophagous insects has been emphasized. However, only a few chemicals associated with host shifting have been characterized. Herein, we focus on the leaf-mining moth Acrocercops transecta (Gracillariidae) consisting of ancestral Juglans (Juglandaceae)- and derived Lyonia (Ericaceae)-...

Herbivores face a broad range of defences when feeding on plants. By mixing diets, polyphagous herbivores are assumed to benefit during their development by gaining a better nutritional balance and reducing the intake of toxic compounds from individual plant species. Nevertheless, they also show strategies to metabolically cope with plant defences....

Improving our knowledge on biotic and abiotic factors that influence the composition of the grapevine mycobiome is of great agricultural significance, due to potential effects on plant health, productivity, and wine characteristics. Here, we assessed the influence of scion cultivar on the diversity and composition of fungal communities in the berri...

A culture-independent mycobiome survey in Haplic Cambisol under Korean pine in a long-term field experiment in the Russian Far East was conducted using sequence analysis of the ITS region amplified with ITS3/ITS4 primers using the metagenomic DNA as a matrix. Overall 758 fungal OTUs were identified, representing 15 phyla, 47 classes, 104 orders, 18...

Species richness in tropical forests is correlated with other dimensions of diversity, including the diversity of plant–herbivore interactions and the phytochemical diversity that influences those interactions. Understanding the complexity of plant chemistry and the importance of phytochemical diversity for plant–insect interactions and overall for...

The plant microbiome is an increasingly intensive research area, with significance in agriculture, general plant health, and production of bioactive natural products. Correlations between the fungal endophytic communities and plant chemistry can provide insight into these interactions, and suggest key contributors on both the chemical and fungal si...

In the abundant literature on plant chemistry, little attention is paid to correlations among chemical elements in tissues. The goal of the research is to establish consistent correlations among elements in the xylem of four widespread Siberian conifers. X-ray fluorescent analysis has been applied to find out the elements contained in the xylem. Th...

Many plant species produce multiple leaf flushes during the growing season, which might have major consequences for within‐plant variation in chemistry and species interactions. Yet, we lack a theoretical or empirical framework for how differences among leaf flushes might shape variation in damage by insects and diseases. We assessed the impact of...