Science topic
Plant Breeding - Science topic
Plant breeding, Plant breeders, Crops, Crop Improvement, Genetics
Questions related to Plant Breeding
What is the importance of path analysis in plant breeding ?
In plant breeding research, line x tester mating designs are often used to assess gene action for various traits. Some studies suggest that the simultaneous significant mean squares for lines, testers, and their interaction (lines x testers) indicate the involvement of both additive and non-additive gene action. Conversely, others propose that Baker's ratio, with a value less than one, signifies non-additive gene effects.
Can someone clarify the relative strengths and limitations of these two approaches (mean squares vs. Baker's ratio) in determining the type of gene action governing a trait?
Are there situations where one approach might be more informative than the other?
State the reasons in the case of non crop plants, which is a timber yielding one?
Hybridization is a technique used in plant breeding to create new plant varieties by crossing two genetically different parent plants. This process involves transferring pollen from the male reproductive organs of one plant, called the pollen donor or male parent, to the female reproductive organs of another plant, called the female parent. The resulting hybrid plants inherit desirable traits from both parents, such as improved yield, disease resistance, or enhanced quality.
R Studio, Plant Breeding, Agriculture Statistics.
I am a MS thesis student in Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Labratory, University of Dhaka.
in terms of abroad and in India
In plant breeding, what are uses discrimination function.
How can genomic selection be used to improve the efficiency of plant breeding programs?
In the estimation of genetic parameters such as heritability, degree of dominance etc.
Pre breeding is essential for linking genetic diversity arising from wild relatives and other unimproved materials to utilization in crop improvement. It is the main link between the germplasm conservation and its use in plant breeding for developing new varieties.
Genotype x environment interactions refer to the phenomenon where the performance or expression of a plant's traits is influenced by the specific environmental conditions in which it is grown. This interaction is crucial in plant breeding as different genotypes may exhibit different responses to various environmental factors such as temperature, soil type, moisture availability, and disease pressure. Breeders need to evaluate and select plant varieties that perform consistently well across a range of environment.
What are the differences between genetically modified (GM) and non-GM seeds in terms of seed quality?
Molecular markers are specific DNA sequences that can be used to identify and track particular genes or genetic traits of interest in plant breeding programs. These markers serve as tools to assist breeders in selecting plants with desired traits more efficiently and accurately. Molecular markers can be used to determine genetic relatedness, assess genetic diversity within populations, identify specific genes responsible for traits, and facilitate marker-assisted selection (MAS) or marker-assisted breeding (MAB) techniques.
Pre breeding is essential for linking genetic diversity arising from wild relatives and other unimproved materials to utilization. It is the main link between the germplasm conservation and its use in plant breeding. The major challenges of pre-breeding are lack of characterization, evaluation of genetic diversity, documentation of data; inter species relationship and strong breeding program and funding sources.
Genotype x environment interactions refer to the phenomenon where the performance or expression of a plant's traits is influenced by the specific environmental conditions in which it is grown. This interaction is crucial in plant breeding as different genotypes may exhibit different responses to various environmental factors such as temperature, soil type, moisture availability, and disease pressure. Breeders need to evaluate and select plant varieties that perform consistently well across a range of environments to ensure broad adaptability and stability of the developed cultivars.
Inbreeding depression occurs when closely related individuals are bred together over multiple generations, leading to a decline in the overall fitness and performance of the offspring. In plant breeding, inbreeding depression is a concern because it can result in reduced vigor, lower yields, increased susceptibility to diseases, and other undesirable traits. To counteract inbreeding depression, breeders often employ techniques like selective outcrossing or hybridization to introduce genetic diversity and restore vigor to the breeding population.
Genetic and Breeding (Maize)
Plant Breeding it's my DNA
How can plant breeding and biotechnology be used to develop crop varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases, drought-tolerant, and have higher yields?
Hello,
I am working with maize drought tolerance. I am analyzing data under drought stress and normal condition. While doing data analyses I have found that traits like Anthesis silking interval, thousand kernel weight has a heritability of zero under drought stress condition. But when I combine data of both drought stress and normal condition heritability of those two traits is not zero. Is there any problem with my data? or is it explainable in other ways?
Looking forward to answers..
I am investigating the effect of environment on gca, sca and heritability degree. Line x tester = 4 x 5.
How can you identify and isolate specific genes involved in crop yield or disease resistance?
Dear All
I have scored plant height and spike length in three replication in two years.
The analysis of anove was
genotypes+replicaiton+years+ R*G+R*Y+R*G*Y
I have found high significant correlation between the two years and no significant interaction G*Y
the correlation between 2021 and 2022 for plant height is 0.99. I really astonished how I have high significant differences between the two years in Ph and found such high correlation between the two years for pH. the same trend also was found for SL
In an experiment with 10 varieties of maize of 3 replications. The researcher taken the data of NCLB (Disease) incidence as score (0-9). In the scale, 0-9 are the percentage disease incidence on those treatments (varieties) viz.,
0- 0%
1- 1-3%
2- 3-6%
3- 6-12%
4-12-25%
5-25-50%
6-50-75%
7-75-87%
8-87-99%
9- 100%.
Taken this ordinal data! three times during crop cycle.
Now i want to know, among which treatments (varieties) there is statistical significant difference present in disease incidence and which treatments are statistically at par among eachother?
How can I calculate that?
Can I use Normal ANOVA for this non-quantitative data?
Thank you
Dear All greetings! I was studying a paper describing combining ability. I found the word per se value, per se performance. I searched on google but did not get a satisfactory answer. Can anyone cooperate?
Thank you.
We are currently studying different genotypes for evaluation of panicle architecture. Can anyone suggests any softwares that can be useful for this investigation?
I want to grow cacao plant, but whats the best procedure to cultivate this plant?
I couldn't see much paper where plant breeders use biochemical such as proline content Malondialdehyde (MDA) and dyes such as NBT or DAB( for ROS detection) for screening stress-tolerant accession on a large scale (100-200 which I suppose is possible to do). Are not these methods better than phenotyping grain yield, biomass, plant height, NDVI, LAI, etc?
Genetic engineering should be seen as one of the many tools available for use by plant breeders to improve crop varieties so that we increase food production, control pests, and improve farm profits.
Some domestic oilseed rape genotypes express extra long seed viability (>80% are germinated after 13 years of storage at room temperature). Is it a genetically controlled trait? I know that hybrid seeds have shortest length of life, does this correlate with homozygosity? There is no references exept of a few ones devoted more to seed dormancy: http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/b83-405#.U2w-yIF_unM, and seed coat properties: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02857926/
Genotypes: 138
Replications: 3
Site: 1
Dear colleagues,
I used the R package for line*tester analysis (Agricolae library).
It calculated the GCA effects, SCA Effects, S.E. (gca for line), S.E. (gca for tester) and S.E. (sca effect).
The experimental material comprises eight genotypes. Five genotypes were used as females (line) and three genotypes were used as males (testers).
The 15 F1’s and their parents were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications.
I want to know the degree of freedom (T-test table) for performing the significance test of General combining ability (gi) effects and Specific combining ability (sij) effects.
Regards
Dear all,
I want to analyze a factorial split-plot in time using SAS.
Factorial Experiment using Completely Randomized Design (CRD);
Factor A: treatments (a1-a4)
Factor B: harvest time, different days after treatment (b1-b5)
Replication: 3
Does anyone have SAS codes for this analysis?
Regards,
What is the advantages of estimating BLUPs for GWAS studies
Typically exposing plant parts such as seeds, stems, pollen grains etc. to radioactive isotopes (e.g. gamma radiation and x-ray) and chemical mutagens (e.g. ethyl methanesulfonate [EMS]) induce vital mutations for plant breeding programs.
BUT Natural radiation and microgravity in space induce genetic mutations for selection. Below is a summary:
- Grow plants in the space station to maturity for one or few cycles.
- Space grown plants are exposed to natural stresses (reduced soil moisture, nutrients, and carbon dioxide during reproduction).
- This stress is induced by natural cosmic radiation (cosmic rays and effluvia from the sun) and earth’s gravity both enhancing genetic mutations.
- Seeds harvested from space-grown plants can be grown on Earth to select novel mutants under glasshouse and field conditions for various traits (e.g. tolerance to drought and heat stress, resistance to insect pests and diseases, early maturity, flower colour, plant architecture, reduced plant height, improved gas exchange, better root growth etc.).
- The new mutant varieties can be bred further or the seed deployed to farmers for commercial production.
Satellite missions and subsequent selections have produced some 200 improved crop varieties in China.
StarLab Oasis, a private organisation, is set up to raise plants in space for this purpose.
It reads like science fiction, but it is a fascinating, optimistic and complementary tool to conventional breeding.
I hope this service will be available for major crops in the near future. I cannot wait to send my seeds to the International Space Station (ISS), and I hope you do too.
The above read is extracted from
Shimelis Hussein
Professor of Plant Breeding
University of KwaZulu-Natal
South Africa
E-mail: Shimelish@ukzn.ac.za
Dear All
I am writing this concern to find out if any author (as a corresponding author) belongs to one of developing countries and tries to submit his work in the Crop Journal (The Crop Journal | ScienceDirect.com by Elsevier). I have submitted twice and got a rejection from the editor without convincing reasons (your paper doesn't meet the standards of the journal)
1- The first rejection, I have contacted the handling editor providing many similar articles published in the journal in the same year (2020) and with fewer analyses than I did in my paper. His reply was, "submit it again and select another editor"). The same manuscript was successfully published in BMC Plant Biology
2- second rejection was in 2021. Imagine I submitted a new article (two years data, with three locations) and after three hours I got a rejection from the handling editor telling me the same silly reason. I am quite sure that three hours for a manuscript including many figures and tables and more than 6-8 supplementary files were not enough to make a fair judge on the paper. I resulted from it again asking the chief in the editor to assign another editor. After one house, I got the rejection by the same handling editor.
So, it looks to me that the editor just read the affiliation and decide to reject the paper without reading it carefully. I officially complain to the Elsevier publisher about this situation.
Does any face the same situation?
Your feedback is extremely important.
Dear colleagues,
I used the R package for line*tester analysis (Agricolae library).
It calculated the General combining ability effects (GCA) of parents, but I don't know how to calculate the significance of the results.
In addition, I want to Estimate Narrow sense heritability and Heterosis (Better Parent (BP) and Mid-Parent (MP)) for hybrids by R.
Does anyone have a solution?
Regards
What open-source softwares are available to generate a heat map of the Jaccard similarity coefficient for SSR diversity from the available data set?
Hi,
I'm new here so sorry If I'm in the wrong place.
I've been working in UK Agriculture for around 10 years now and I've decided to pursue a career in R&D and plant breeding after working for a seed production company with a local breeding site. I found it all fascinating so I've started a biology degree at Open University and I'm hoping to get a job as a technician or something similar soon.
I know I'm still a fair way from my ultimate goals but in the mean time I'm looking for any good books that go into detail on agricultural plant breeding methods, plant biology, genetics and modern techniques such as Marker Assisted Selection, Doubled Haploid and tissue culture.
I'm looking for something that covers these subjects in detail but on a suitable level for a student (I like diagrams and pictures haha). One of the best looking ones I've found so far is "Plant Biotechnology and Genetics: Principles, Techniques, and Applications" by C. Neal Stewart Jr. But i could do with some advice from anyone who's read any books like this in the past.
Thanks
Stuart
Greeting to all researchers,
As we all know that YVMV in okra is not yet all seed transmitted viral disease, so, what happens if we go for harvesting of those infected plants. because, breeding for viral disease resistance is not only concerned trait.. so, the question arises can we go for harvesting of YVMV infected plants for generation proceeding?
CMS lines are important in breeding programs. Crossing CMS with maintainer line maintains CMS lines.
But How lines with heritable Male sterility Characteristics are produced initially?
Is there anyone empirically investigating agrobiodiversity loss? Specifically I'm asking about Crop Genetic Diversity and thus not the loss of cultivars by itself or the variety of cultivated crops. Accordingly, the loss of genes (or traits) can be prevented by Ex-Situ conservation.
I found only one source empirically investigating crop genetic diversity loss and this was stating that on the gene level, there is no loss for the 8 crops investigated (Van de Wouw et al. 2010).
Then there is this famous FAO-Statement: «Since the 1900s, some 75 percent of plant genetic diversity has been lost as farmers worldwide have left their multiple local varieties and landraces for genetically uniform, high-yielding varieties.» However, I couldn't find any empirical support for this statement. And this document links to a paper about women's role for agrobiodiversity, but nothing about agro biodiversity loss.
Can anyone help?
References:
FAO (n.d.): What is happening to agrobiodiversity? Online available under: http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/y5609e/y5609e02.htm [Accessed July 5, 2013].
FAO. 1999b. Women: users, preservers and managers of agrobiodiversity. http://www.fao.org/sd/nrm/Women%20-%20Users.pdf
Van de Wouw M., Van Hintum T., Kik C., Van Treuren R., & Visser B. (2010): Genetic diversity trends in twentieth century crop cultivars: a meta analysis. In: Theoretical and applied genetics., vol. 120:6, 1241–52.
Several stability statistics can be used for evaluating the mean performance and stability of genotypes across a set of environments. Aiming at improving the R package 'metan' <https://tiagoolivoto.github.io/metan/> I would appreciate know from the community which are the most used stability methods, and if someone knows or use a method not yet implemented in open-source software. If you use R to compute stability statistics, what is the main difficulty you face? Which would you expect from an R package for multi-environment trial analysis?
There is very little publication where functional characterization(cloning, overexpression, silencing, etc.) of genes identified through GWAS has been performed. However, most of the publications on functional characterization are on genes identified through transcriptome. Why is this? I doubt whether there is any usefulness of GWAS on crop improvement or not? if yes then give me some successful publication examples?
good morning
Through this scientific initiative, I would like to present an initiative to form an international scientific team among us to develop joint ideas and research from the brothers who are sick and working in the field of cotton. From the field of plant breeding, genetics, physiology and agricultural transactions.
Waiting for your responses
The approver puts the name, institute, university, country, and email
Large germplasm collections may have several duplicates which need to be removed from the set. DUS characterization based on morphological traits are the best way to differentiate them. But it is very tough to DUS characters in large germplasm lines. Is there any method in molecular breeding to identify the duplicates in huge germplasm collections of rice? Kindly give your opinion and suggestions.
Turmeric is a polyploid. Mostly sterile. However, it sets seed occassionally. I have collected seed and kept in poretrays filled with cocopeat. I have not observed any germination even after 15 days. Yesterday I have kept some seed on germination paper spread in a petridish. Can any one tell me what is the viability and time taken for germination of turmeric seed. Seed was collectd from inflorescences fifteen days ago, the flowering was complete about five months ago. Seeds were within the inflorecences for about five to six months before collection and sowing.
As SSR are most widely used markers in major cereals. They are highly reliable (i.e. reproducible), co-dominant in inheritance, relatively simple and cheap to use and generally highly polymorphic. What other factors can affect polymorphism in case of SSR markers?
In between Genetic and plant breeding, plant physiology, agriculture biotechnology and plant pathology which one subject have maximum contribution in crop improvement? Which one is better for research?
Hii, please give me a complete guide or any material to analyse the Experimental data of RBD, CRD etc. to a find Genetic diversity, Character association, Path analysis & other Plant Breeding related experiments by using IBM SPSS
I am from Nepal and we lack adequate resources/ infrastructures for advanced researches in this field. Also, I do not have sufficient knowledge at present to pursue these researches independently. I am willing to devote a lot of time if given the opportunity to collaborate.
I hope to get some updates regarding the ongoing researches in Nepal (in Plant breeding/ genetics.)
Thank you!
Happy learning!
Which one software is best for agricultural data analysis?
Experimental design
Plant Breeding Trials
Quantitative Genetics
I use the R package agricolae a lot in my work but it doesnt offer the option to design an Alpha-Lattice experiment. There are a few packages on how to calculate means from experiments like this but I can't find packages to set up trials like this. Any suggestions
can anybody help me to brief about how to do stability analysis in plant breeding, based on wheat rust data how can i do the stability analysis for wheat rust resistance and how much time it take to do that
In your opinion, what plant breeding plant can be important and useful in the future?
Considering the present situation of the world for a safer future, In which direction plant breeding research mostly require to focus? Quantity(higher productivity) or quality (more nutritious)
Now a days, speed breeding is becoming famous for rapid varietal development through rapid generation advancement.
However, it's applicability and feasibility for everyone and everywhere is still not wider. What you think about it? How will it be useful in future breeding for crop improvement.?
Dear all
I am wondering what is the advantage of multi response models of the form
trait1,trait2 = Genotype + Environment + GenotypexEnvironment
Where trait1 and trait2 are traits that are measured at the same experimental unit, e.g. yield and protein content of a certain plot in a cultivar trial.
The GNU R package sommer offers in its function mmer() the possibility to specify such a model.
What I had expected, is that the residuals (for trait 1 and trait 2) after such an analysis are uncorrelated since the information of the covariance is used to have a more precise estimate for the effects in the model (BLUPs, variance components).
However, for simulated data with correlated experimental error, I see no difference/advantage of such multi-response models.
So what are the advantages? Does anyone have an idea?
Kindly suggest the name of free softwares available for LxT analysis and heterosis estimation in crop plants.
Please recommend some simple software that is available in free for analysis of different conventional breeding experiments
Dear all, Please suggest the plagiarism checker software which is 100% free and also don't have the restriction of word limits.
Scientific community is now facing a new threat of unethical publications in predatory journals.
How someone can identify the predatory journal?
Scientific community is now facing a new threat of unethical publications in predatory journals.
How someone can identify the predatory journal?
Is there any authenticate list of predatory journals available?
how can linkage disequilibrium used in plant breeding
In 2016 I have developed a set of mutants in two varieties of turmeric-Mydukur and Prathibha. Now, in M1V4 evaluation, have identified a few are performing better than the parents. I am going to analyze quality parameters in these selected lines. I have sown M1V5 (selected mutants) along with parents this 2020-21 season. From here, I want some of these to be developed and released as varieties. Whate are the steps to be taken from here. Please help me.
Seeds obtained from heterozygous T0 mutants obtained through CRISPR CAS9 were sown and the plants raised were properly genotyped. Following normal segregation pattern, T1 generation had WT, heterozygous and homozygous plants. The homozygous were not producing normal seeds but strangely few (2 in many) produced more than 50% normal seeds, when those seeds and the plants raised from them were genotyped they were found to be heterozygous. In T1 I ignored this (thinking that T0 plants from CRISPR CAS9 might carry chimeric mutation for the gene).
To get T2 generation, seeds obtained from T1 heterozygous were planted, but T2 homozygous plants also had such plants. The situation even continued to the next generations. I am wondering what might be the cause. I know that cross pollination in rice occurs to small extent but if that is the cause then all homozygous plants must bear small number of such seeds. In this case homozygous usually don’t produce normal seeds at all, unusually few homozygous bear normal heterozygous seeds. Your suggestions will be highly appreciated to explain this situation. Thanks.
Can anyone help to confirm whether I am using correct stages for Chickpea crossing? I am using hooded bud for crossing and half open flower to collect pollen (please find attached pictures for stage).
I feel, highly focused conventional breeding methods give better target results than a MAS exercise with all the cost:benefit worked out. Maybe, there would be a time loss in conventional breeding, but we end up in a highly adapted concrete product, even though this point may be debatable. In that, MAS can give better results. But looking at an average plant breeder's lack of laboratory, money, skill etc type of resources, will it not be prudent to slog rather than be protocol driven? The practical learning that conventional breeding gives is unparalleled. Of late, there has been a significant shift of even conventional breeders to some molecular breeding aspects. Good, if the target is well defined and the work plan gives a better result. But again, look at the voluminous data being produced and published in the molecular breeding field as against conventional breeding, and it now longer has remained a level playing field. Journals are also attracted towards molecular breeding papers. Where are we heading?
In Jamun there is no phenotypic differences in the growth of both nucellar and zygotic seedling also the point of initiation of these seedling are also same.
Software should be able to phenotypic as well as marker genotypic data analysis. Kindly suggest probable price and the authentic source from where it can be purchased.
Different chemical mutagens are available with different modes of action.
What is the best statistical analysis software for agricultural sciences especially for plant breeding & agronomic research?
As we do not know how many markers are required for screening of background during marker assisted breeding and if we cover the whole chromosome with marker still it will not impart accurate results. According to me intermittent phenotyping is important aspect in MABB.
Any free software for the design of experiments for agronomic and plant breeding data??