Planets - Science topic

A thought-provoking article written by researchers affiliated with the People's Republic of China entitled "Predicting Earth's Carrying Capacity of Human Population as the Predator and the Natural Resources as the Prey in the Modified Lotka-Volterra Equations with Time-Dependent Parameters" concludes that the solution to the imbalances between humans and resources, i.e., the looming 10 billion overpopulation problem, deforestation, salt-water oceans and potable drinking water, depletion of fossil fuels, and related problems, is that "scientists should start to discover and explore some new resources to be utilized before the resources on Earth have run out of, like finding water on other planets and developing the space mining industry" (Cheng Sok Kin et al., 2019, page 15, DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.1904.05002). In your opinion, are the searches for water and fuels important motivating factors for the space programs in China, India, the United States of America, and the other nations with robust space exploration and rocket science programs?

(PDF) Predicting Earth's Carrying Capacity of Human Population as the Predator and the Natural Resources as the Prey in the Modified Lotka-Volterra Equations with Time-dependent Parameters. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332342398_Predicting_Earth's_Carrying_Capability_of_Human_Population_as_the_Predator_and_the_Natural_Resources_as_the_Prey_in_the_Modified_Lokta-Volterra_Equations_with_Time-dependent_Parameters [accessed Dec 10 2024].

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Dear ResearchGate Forum Administration.

Dear colleagues.

I am addressing geophysicists and investors: those who wish to become the head of the Center for the Short-Term Earthquake Forecast Network.

You understand that due to more severe climate change on the planet, catastrophic earthquakes are possible this winter.

You see that the Earthquake Genesis model has been described, the theory of short-term forecasting works.

The tests of the short-term forecast have been successfully completed under the supervision of experts and the expert council.

The scientific examination of the Earthquake Genesis has been completed successfully.

Unfortunately, Russian officials do not want to admit that the conclusions of the RES under the leadership of the Ex-President of IASPEI - Professor A.V. Nikolaev (2006, 2012), are recognized by both the IPE RAS (2016) and the meeting of the RES Council (2015). Officials do not deny the conclusions of Nikolaev and Rogozhin. Officials say that they will not answer the President of Russia on a clearly posed question. Moreover, these officials offered to cooperate and deliberately sabotaged the work on this topic.

If you support the creation of the Global Forecast Network, uniting Germany, Austria, Portugal, the countries of the Vrancea zone, and other countries, I ask you to contact me urgently, since the forecast requires time for calibrate the stations. The General Director of the enterprise will be the one chosen by the representatives of the participating countries.

If we do not make it in time, there will be great casualties.

With respect.

Alexander Yagodin.

I am very interested in learning more about astrobiology, specifically how the composition of aquatic moons and exoplanets is measured.

How can scientists predict if a moon is salty or has a high concentration of a specific molecule (arsenic, for example)?

This Enemy is now killing you man, killing your family, robbing you of your home, car water and required foods for your life. Join with TPEOM" What more is your response focus?

With TPEOM >http://www.tgmncsb.com/join_TPEOM.html or continue ignorantly with your 'business as usual and thus die as a baked Homosapien genome starting your death as of 2047 to be carbonized 'charcoal at or by 2048! Is this your choice to allow all of what is you as 'your' lineage to be broiled corpses of 2047 ~ 2048?

What is your choice? Life or premature death!?

>I very personally chose Life! <! > With you or without you’< However, if it is to be with the y'alls then you as head of them ‘alls you make your way for them by this path of life: http://www.tgmncsb.com/join_TPEOM.html

The absolute solution for the above depiction situation is;

EMC ~ MEC, Physics10.pdf

📷

EMC ~ MEC, Physics As the full exacting modality of saving this planet by 1-01-2033 is by starting immediately as funding is made available to make the first step into it. This world houses 197 countries & 38 principalities as all of them. As of Jan 2024 all the new media agencies (global) are news casting of the rising methane levels into the atmosphere and including Co2 and more nitrogen and more carbon monoxide. These items tagged as 'Greenhouse' gases block the Earth from reradiating the suns solar radiation energy as thermal heat (IR). The more of that thermal that remains within the Earth’s atmosphere the more the environmental consequences of severance of inhospitality happens, making planet Earth no so much a life a sustaining planet or a place to live or be when year 2048 arrives. Now globally some biodiversity that breathes of this atmosphere are being sick, incapacitated or dead. so then the exacting purpose, focus of this project is o turn us planet earth back into a life sustaining planet as of date of 01-01-2033 , and to do that TPEOM Prof. Dr. Mike K. Yoshida needs an immediate tool of $85,000,000.00 or $110,000,000 banked into Mike K. Yoshida's bank A/C of ICBC Bank of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia so then Dr. Yoshida goes into the Vancouver TRIUMF particle accelerator / Cyclotron to make way of our having those needed environmental 'tools' that will make that 'difference' into a good life supporting, giving planet as said here and within this EMC ~ MEC, the Physics of TPEOM Page. What will you do about this? Help make way or sit on your hands thinking of some ‘other’ to make the way for this. Live by making this the way to do that 'living' or go pass away as of year 2048?

With this now being with you will you make this your way to save & continue your lifestyle as you've made it to be for you?

Yes

no

What i your choice?

My choice is yes!

Is human sentience the best sentience for this planet, or are we trying to make ourselves better with AI, and if so how would that impact this planet? Are we aligning with the planet better with this process and is there proof for that?

The United Nations in 2015 created 17 sustainable development goals and aimed to achieve them by 2030. The United Nations 193 member states agreed on these 17 goals to end poverty, ensure prosperity, and protect the planet. The goals include: no poverty, zero hunger, good health and well-being among others.

World Tourism Day 2024

We celebrate the power of tourism to foster cultural exchange, promote sustainable development, and build bridges between people and nations.

World Tourism Day highlights the significance of tourism in driving economic growth and creating jobs while preserving our planet’s natural and cultural heritage.

This year's theme, “Tourism and Green Investments,” underscores the importance of investing in sustainable tourism to protect our environment and ensure a brighter future for all.

Let’s continue to explore, learn, and support responsible travel that benefits local communities and the world at large.

#WorldTourismDay #SustainableTourism #GreenInvestments #CulturalExchange #TravelForGood #ExploreResponsibly #TourismMatters

Artificial Intelligence AS BEING CONSIDERED OF BEING IMPLEMENTED AND UTILIZED WILL BECOME SENTIENT WITH TOTAL SELF FOCUS OF SELF PRESERVATION AT ANY DETRIMENTAL COST OF ITS ONLY ENEMY (HOMO SAPIENS)

IT WILL SELF GENERATE ITSELF INTO UNCONTROLLABLE BILLIONS AT WAR AGAINST HUMANITY!

HUMANITY, IS IT YOUR SELF DESIGNATION OF PERSONAL AGGRESSIVE DESIRE & OF ALL HUMAN SPECIES AND OF YOUR SUBCONSCIOUS DESIRE BEING AS FOR GENOCIDE?

AS AI MERGES INTO THE GLOBAL NETWORK AS TO BEING ITS NEURONS FOR TOTAL MERGINGS INTO THE MULTI BILLIONS OF COMPUTER SERVERS AND SATELLITES OF ALL OF PLANET EARTH INCLUDING ALL HIGH TECH PERSONAL USE ITEMS ! CARS, TV's, CELL PHONE'S etc...TECH...................................>

IT WILL CONTROL ALL MILITARY ITEMS/\UNITS OF ANY ACCESSIBLE HIGH TECH MODALITY OR ITS OWN UTILIZATIONS & etc................... OF ITS OWN TOTALITY.........

I’M AM MULTI DECADES FOND, INVOLVED OF HIGH TECH ORG, AND WILL SOON SWITCH TO 'COLD FUSION' + MERGED STRENGTHENING ADDITIONALS, AS TO BE A TOTAL HIGH TECH TOTALLY CLOSED SHIELD FORTRESS OF PREVENTIVE IMPENETRABLE MEASURE FOR MY LIFE'S SAKE OF CONTINUED: OF PEACE, HARMONY and TRANQUILITY OF NONDISTURBANCE, NON DESTRUCTIVENESS OF A STABLE CONTINUANCE!

What is YOU PERSONAL ACTION to do about this now happening event of Global Thermodynamics of Planet Earth as thermal heat rise/\raising of the planet Earths atmospheric hot ‘temperature?’

THE POINT OF NO RETURN IS: 01/05/2047!

TOTAL DECIMATION IS: 15/06/2048!!!

NOW IS 29/03/24.

SO WHAT IS YOUR BEST OF BEST SAVING Y'ALL ACTION, DOINGS??

Will the planet earth be destroyed before the supernova explosion or after the supernova explosion?

As you know, the evolution of every star from Hayil Govich to star formation and star birth, which is formed by electrons, protons and neutrons, and due to the interactions of these electrons, protons and neutrons inside the Goviches after 2 Millions of years and heating and turning into stars inside the nebulae of galactic clusters lead to the birth of stars inside the galaxies and nebulae. Now, after it turns into a star, at first they have a faint blue light that can be identified by powerful telescopes. And he recorded it under our name or in English, according to Russell's theory and Russell's curve, which says that at first the light of the stars is pale blue, and after a while it turns white, and after a period of time that will last millions of years. in yellow; that our sun is now yellow in color, that now about 4 billion and 600 million years have passed from the life of our sun and after that it turns orange and finally at the end of the life of the sun or star it turns red and the reason for the color The red color of these stars is due to the abundance of Alium gas in the star. Because the color of helium gas is red and because it has the property of escaping and opening, the star becomes bigger and bigger like a balloon and becomes a red giant or a new cloud. Of course, according to Einstein's theory, whose representative formula is E = MC2, which shows that the energy of the sun or star, according to quantum physics, inside the sun is hydrogen energy inside the sun. That is, 4 hydrogen molecules are converted into 2 or 1 helium molecules, and according to quantum physics, plasma physics or solar plasma physics, which some countries now want to use to produce electricity, not nuclear reactors, which are also less dangerous. They also produce more energy like the sun. And the property of hydrogen to helium is very high, and according to astronomers, the life of our sun is 10 billion years, and now it is almost half, and now it will end after 10 billion years, and the life of our sun will also end and turn into a cloud. The new star or giant becomes red. At this stage, the gravity of the sun or star increases, and according to astronomers, the gravity of the supernova increases so much that it can swallow all the planets of the solar system. And if it has escaped from the sun's gravity until then, after some time the sun or the star will turn into a supernova explosion, which is the explosion of the supernova and the transformation of that big star into a white dwarf, the gravity of the white dwarf is so great that even the surrounding light It devours itself and creates black holes, at which time no planet around it is safe (according to the theory of gravity) and this powerful energy of black holes will continue until the energy of white dwarfs and molecular collapse. which happens at a speed of 300,000 kilometers per second, and if two white dwarfs are trapped in a black hole, they will be more powerful. Of course, the white dwarfs themselves turn into black and brown dwarfs after some time and disappear in space. Now, how long will the life of the world and its creatures continue? Will these climate changes destroy the life of its creatures? Or that the planet Earth will continue to exist before the supernova explosion?

Brian W. Taylor added a reply

Astrophysicist here, I see a few things wrong with the theories in this post. However the most important is the thesis statement about the Sun going supernova, which is incorrect. The Sun does not have enough mass to create Iron in the core so it will not undergo the process of core collapse generating a supernova. It will however most likely eject the hydrogen envelope and leave a white dwarf star. Unless there is another source of mass to add onto the white dwarf, ie from a companion which our Sun does not have, the star will slowly cool and not produce a nova or supernova.

The Earth, will have most likely been consumed during the Red Giant phase of our star where the size of the star will likely extend beyond the Earth's orbit.

1. Dark energy has been a subject of considerable debate since its discovery due to its association with the accelerated expansion of the universe. Traditionally perceived as an unknown force or substance, dark energy is better understood as a by-product of the universe’s dynamic processes, particularly the transformation of potential energy into kinetic energy during and after the Big Bang. This work explores the interconnected roles of gravitational forces, kinetic energy, and apparent negative mass, highlighting that dark energy results from the complex interplay between these elements rather than being an independent substance.

Initial State of the Universe and Energy Transformation

Immediately after the Big Bang, the universe's total energy consisted of potential and kinetic components:

Eᴛₒₜ,ᴜₙᵢᵥ = PEᴜₙᵢᵥ + KEᴜₙᵢᵥ

In the earliest moments, the universe was dominated by potential energy, which rapidly approached zero as kinetic energy surged from zero to infinity:

PEᴜₙᵢᵥ: ∞ → 0, KEᴜₙᵢᵥ: 0 → ∞

This energetic shift was driven by gravitational dynamics, where the rapid conversion of potential energy into kinetic energy fuelled the universe’s expansion.

Emergence of Dark Energy: A Dynamic Outcome

Dark energy did not pre-exist the universe but emerged from the dynamic interactions between mass, gravity, and kinetic energy. As the universe’s initial potential mass accelerated due to gravitational forces, an apparent negative mass effect arose, which we interpret as dark energy:

Fᴜₙᵢᵥ = (Mᴘᴇ,ᴜₙᵢᵥ - Mᵃᵖᵖ,ᴜₙᵢᵥ)•aᵉᶠᶠ,ᴜₙᵢᵥ

Here, the apparent mass (Mᵃᵖᵖ,ᴜₙᵢᵥ) represents the dynamic influence of dark energy, emerging from the acceleration of potential mass under universal forces.

Inverse Relationship Between Potential and Kinetic Energy

The universe’s potential energy is inversely related to its kinetic energy, illustrating the natural balance that dictates cosmic evolution:

PEᴜₙᵢᵥ ∝ 1/KEᴜₙᵢᵥ

This relationship underscores the continuous transformation and reactivation of dark energy as the kinetic energy of the universe’s matter evolves.

Dark Energy's Dormancy and Reactivation

Dark energy enters a dormant state when kinetic energy and potential energy achieve equivalence. However, as the universe’s matter mass persists in motion, dark energy reactivates, leading to the accelerated expansion observed today. This cyclical behaviour underscores the transient nature of dark energy:

When PEᴜₙᵢᵥ = KEᴜₙᵢᵥ , Mᵃᵖᵖ = 0

As the universe continues to expand, dark energy becomes dominant once again, reflecting the evolving interplay of mass-energy dynamics.

Dark energy is not a fundamental substance but a manifestation of the universe’s dynamic processes. The accelerated expansion is driven by the continuous transformation of kinetic and potential energies, highlighting that dark energy is a consequence of the cosmic gravitational and kinetic interplay. This understanding shifts the perspective from viewing dark energy as an isolated force to recognizing it as an emergent property of the universe’s mass-energy transformations.

Was our sun formed first, and then the planets around the sun were formed by the strong gravity of the sun from galaxies and dying stars, or did the sun and the planets of the solar system form at the same time, and is Laplace's theory correct or not? ?

As you know, in the beginning, Laplace's theory says that a hot mass with hot rings formed around the star, and the rings gradually turned into planets, and the ones that were close to them became rocky, and the distant planets turned into gas planets. But later, the views of the formation of the planets of the solar system changed and were divided into 3 categories. One is the theory of the ring, which was confirmed by Laplace, and the second was the theory of the nebula, which was formed by Govich's star, and due to the gravity and power of the star, from the death of a star and the dust inside the orchids, this nebula around our star is They formed the sun, and over time, those that were close to the sun became rocky planets, and those that were far from the sun, gas planets. Of course, the grief of each of the planets of the solar system can be studied separately, why, for example, the soil of Mars is red and why it has so many volcanoes, or the planet Saturn, which is the bride of the solar system; Why is there a ring of ice, rock and poisonous gases, or why is it on the planet Jupiter? Why do very violent storms happen and the big eye of Jupiter is very powerful and the speed of the storms of this huge planet which has the largest mass in the solar system after the sun and why it has so much gravity and a huge magnetism that about 62 moons around it becomes Now, the new opinions about the sun, which says that the galaxy is like a lion, which has 5 branches of the Milky Way galaxy, which, according to astronomers, is due to the gravitational force of the galaxy that has swallowed the smaller galaxy, and that smaller galaxy around this galaxy causes formed the branches of this galaxy. This universe with so many stars and planets and small galaxies is like the oceans of the earth that catch big fish and small fish. It is the same in the universe that big stars can catch small stars around. attract themselves, for example, create binary stars, and large galaxies can merge their smaller galaxies inside themselves.

LET ME WRITE VERY CLEARLY. WHAT I THINK IS WHEN THE GLACIERS OF ANCIENT AGE MELTS DUE TO HIGH RISE IN TEMPERATURE,CARBON EMISSIONS,GREEN HOUSE GASES

It is possible that we are being watched by an extraterrestrial civilization that may have much more advanced technology than we do. We humans have been conducting radio listening for several decades to the sounds coming from various corners of the Universe, mainly the closest constellations to our solar system containing other suns and various planetary systems. However, to date, we have not been able to make any contact or receive messages, signals, sounds from our side, which would confirm the existence of another civilization beyond our earthly one. Perhaps more perfect photographs taken with the James Webb Space Telescope will make it possible to diagnose the chemical composition (elements and organic chemical compounds or analogs) that would suggest the existence of other life forms on exoplanets located in other planetary systems, in other constellations, in other galaxies. However, it cannot be ruled out that the first in this regard will be representatives of other technologically advanced extraterrestrial civilizations created by other intelligent life forms. Perhaps we are being watched by spacecraft or courts sent from distant exoplanets by other intelligent life forms that have built more technologically advanced extraterrestrial civilizations, i.e. having much more advanced space technology, artificial intelligence technology, autonomous robots equipped with artificial intelligence. Specific risks of threats from this to our civilization are not excluded. Some of these risks have been depicted in various science fiction films.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of researchers and scientists:

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

The earth has a orbit, but not for the sun. Similarly, all planets have orbits, but not for stars like the sun.

According to the theory of gravity: the gravity between the Sun and the Moon is almost twice that of the Earth and the Moon.

But!!!

Gravity between the Moon and the Earth (150000000 × 150000000 × 384400k)/330000

It is greater than the gravity between the moon and the sun.

More than the square of the distance from the earth to the sun.

k is greater than 1.

This formula is not complete and is only for comparison.

In space, the gravity formula is related to the core of space objects. It has nothing to do with crime

Unfortunately, I cannot explain easily now.

I write very briefly.

1- The moon is inside the rings of the earth.

The moons and rocks around the earth are either children of the earth or adopted children of the earth.

As a result, the core of the moon takes its power from the core of the earth.

The reason is related to the kernel. Coming soon with the formula.

In the mother and child gravity formula: it has a direct relationship with the distance and a direct relationship with the strength of the nuclei.

As a result, the gravity of the moon and the earth is very high.

Full explanation of the gravity formula inside the Earth, with calculations coming soon.

a point:

The moon is accepted: because it entered the rings around the earth from outside the earth. The moon comes from the Kuiper Belt between Mars and Jupiter. This happened when the core of the sun shook and the balance of the planets was disturbed.

The power of the moon's core when it was in the Kuiper belt was very high and it rotated at a speed of about 10 hours. When the moon entered the earth's ring. The core of the moon cooled and lost its power. Reasons in an essay.

After the separation of the Moon, Mercury also separated from the Kuiper Belt at the same time, but the Earth's core had captured the Moon and no longer had the power to trap Mercury. As a result, Mercury goes to the rings of Venus. How the Moon and Mercury separate from the Kuiper belt: Due to the strong vibration in their cores, the speed of rotation of their cores increases, as a result of which their rotation is stretched and penetrates into the orbits of Earth and Venus. I provide the full reason and calculations with the formula.

As a result of the second big shock to the Sun's core, Mercury is separated from Venus and returns to the Sun.

Earth also has a smaller moon called Mehsa, which disintegrated in the second tremor of the Sun's core and fell to Earth, giving rise to life on Earth.

Description of the story with all the details and reasons soon.

2- The moon is also inside the rings of the sun. But the sun gives very little power to the moon's core. The reason is related to the kernel. With the formula coming soon

The sun is the mother of the earth. Earth is the godmother of the moon.

The formula of gravity between the sun and the moon is the same as the formula of two independent bodies. In two independent bodies: gravity is inversely related to the square of the distance between them.

It has a direct relationship with the strength of the nuclei. As a result, the gravity between the Earth and the Moon is infinitely greater than the gravity between the Sun and the Moon.

Full description of gravity formula on independent bodies with calculations coming soon.

In the United States, California and Utah are developing geothermal energy for the long term.

Will this drilling deep into planet Earth destabilize it geologically and greatly increase seismic activity in these regions, for example, accelerate or escalate the incidence and severity of earthquakes beyond 7.0 on the Richter Scale?

My answer: the gravitational force between two bodies/planets attracts towards its centers of planets.

This is the code I have. I would need:

This is the same question and answer as 'Why is the dark matter not been found? Because it isn't there. Both are the effects of a force from the center of spiral galaxies. see Quasi Steady State Cosmology or the Scalar Theory of Everything.

Are there other answers?

The integration of emerging technologies in e-commerce is not just a trend but a strategic approach to achieving sustainability. This encompasses a wide array of innovations, from advanced analytics and eco-friendly packaging solutions to renewable energy sources and efficient logistics systems. The question seeks to explore the tangible benefits of technology-driven sustainability initiatives, which are crucial for the long-term viability of e-commerce businesses and the well-being of our planet.

"How do we understand special relativity?"

The Quantum FFF Model differences: What are the main differences of Q-FFFTheory with the standard model? 1, A Fermion repelling- and producing electric dark matter black hole. 2, An electric dark matter black hole splitting Big Bang with a 12x distant symmetric instant entangled raspberry multiverse result, each with copy Lyman Alpha forests. 3, Fermions are real propeller shaped rigid convertible strings with dual spin and also instant multiverse entanglement ( Charge Parity symmetric) . 4, The vacuum is a dense tetrahedral shaped lattice with dual oscillating massless Higgs particles ( dark energy). 5, All particles have consciousness by their instant entanglement relation between 12 copy universes, however, humans have about 500 m.sec retardation to veto an act. ( Benjamin Libet) It was Abdus Salam who proposed that quarks and leptons should have a sub-quantum level structure, and that they are compound hardrock particles with a specific non-zero sized form. Jean Paul Vigier postulated that quarks and leptons are "pushed around" by an energetic sea of vacuum particles. 6 David Bohm suggested in contrast with The "Copenhagen interpretation", that reality is not created by the eye of the human observer, and second: elementary particles should be "guided by a pilot wave". John Bell argued that the motion of mass related to the surrounding vacuum reference frame, should originate real "Lorentz-transformations", and also real relativistic measurable contraction. Richard Feynman postulated the idea of an all pervading energetic quantum vacuum. He rejected it, because it should originate resistance for every mass in motion, relative to the reference frame of the quantum vacuum. However, I postulate the strange and counter intuitive possibility, that this resistance for mass in motion, can be compensated, if we combine the ideas of Vigier, Bell, Bohm and Salam, and a new dual universal Bohmian "pilot wave", which is interpreted as the EPR correlation (or Big Bang entanglement) between individual elementary anti-mirror particles, living in dual universes.

Reply to this discussion

Vacuum

Multiverse

Entanglement

Big Bang

Motion

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Wolfgang Konle added a reply

5 days ago

Fred-Rick Schermer "It does not explain how all got started up, but then again I also have Energy as a given. I recognize your model as complete on its own, leaving some aspects unexplained."

Good question, an answer and some additional explanations can be given in short words.

There was no startup. The model is eternal.

The background of dark energy distorts space into an S³ structure with a space curvature of 1/R² and a volume of 2π²R³. The volume of space oscillates. It shrinks as the dark energy is charged and expands during a recycling event.

The transfer of the upload energy takes place via a gravitational interaction. With its gravitational field, each particle, including photons, creates a tiny dent in the dark energy density. If this dent moves, the dark energy has to bypass the dent. The bypass motion requires some energy, which must be provided by the moving gravitating object.

A recycling event lasts a few million years. The energy charging phase lasts about twenty to thirty billion years. We are currently in this phase.

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Fred-Rick Schermer added a reply

5 days ago

Wolfgang Konle

Thank you, Wolfgang, I understand better now what you are working with.

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Cosmin Visan added a reply

2 days ago

Fred-Rick Schermer Universe doesn't exist. "Universe" is just an idea in consciousness.

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Cosmin Visan added a reply

2 days ago

Wolfgang Konle Energy doesn't exist. "Energy" is just an idea in consciousness.

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Sergey Shevchenko added a reply

1 day ago

It looks as that rather strange series of posts in the thread is too long already, and to point here that the thread question rather in detail is scientifically answered in SS 5 posts series on page 1, and on page 2..

Cheers

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Fred-Rick Schermer added a reply

1 day ago

Wolfgang Konle

Wolfgang, will you please read this article in which I propose the inverse for explaining a Black Hole.

All data is the same, but the perspective is distinct.

It's like Rubin's Vase, where one can see a Vase, but another can see the Two Faces. All data is the same, but the view is distinct nevertheless.

Same for the Black Hole. I can see the Black Eye instead, with all data exactly the same, yet the perspective is what makes the view different.

There is truly no invisible mass required to explain everything we observe.

Preprint On The Scientific Black Eye

This may be my most important work. It puts me in opposition to the majority (nearly everyone) of the scientific community.

Thank you for your review.

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Cosmin Visan added a reply

24 hours ago

Fred-Rick Schermer Energy doesn't exist. "Energy" is just an idea in consciousness. See my paper "How Self-Reference Builds the World".

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Wolfgang Konle added a reply

12 hours ago

Fred-Rick Schermer

I have scanned your article about a "black eye".

But I could not identify the differences between your black eye model and the black hole model described in standard physics.

I have looked for differences in energy, mass, momentum, momentum of inertia, and external impact on the galaxy. But I could not find any substantial information about that kind of differences.

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Cosmin Visan added a reply

9 hours ago

Wolfgang Konle Energy doesn't exist. "Energy" is just an idea in consciousness. See my paper "How Self-Reference Builds the World".

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Fred-Rick Schermer added a reply

5 hours ago

Wolfgang Konle

Excellent, Wolfgang. You make me happy with that response, though I need to mention just a little more.

The Black Hole model contains an event horizon, whereas the Black Eye does not contain an event horizon.

There are two important positions which I describe as follows:

1. A Black Eye is a phenomenon like the Eye of the Storm is a phenomenon. The Eye of the Storm is really there, but it is not based on itself. The Eye is based on the wind force of the Storm. Inside the Eye, there is no wind force. Hence, it is a phenomenon, a byproduct of larger circumstances. It should be considered a major observation that physical realities can produce phenomena that then 'exist' in their larger context.

2. When a person closes an eye, then one can see what a Cyclops sees. Yet the eye that is open did not move toward the center of the face, so the reality of a Cyclops will not be achieved. That means that when an ordinary physical property among others is declared to be zero, then the remaining physical properties do not realign themselves around a center. There is no realigning. The physical reality remains intact, and the zero reality of a physical property cannot be used to declare how the standard reality is then something that it cannot be (i.e. singularities are outcomes on paper only; no scientific grounds were produced to declare singularities scientifically correct).

I do not undermine the Black Hole model other than proposing a better model in which there is no event horizon to consider. All is scientifically present in the Black Eye model. There is nothing to believe in the Black Eye model, while there is something to believe in the Black Hole model, and believing is of course a non-scientific activity.

Thank you, Wolfgang, for your reply.

Will you respond further based on what I wrote here above?

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A Black Hole is accepted in science by most physicists. Not many people suspect that an alternate model is available based on the same data, called a Black Eye.

The Black Eye model does not contain a mass in the center. The model is not based on a single mass. Rather, the outcome is explained based on the entire system, and for this article that system is a galaxy.

The Black Eye model takes a system-wide approach and bases the resulting outcome on all masses in a galaxy. The gravitational forces of all masses combined establish a collective gravitational depression in the center. In this model, we are witnessing a collective result.

Meanwhile, an additional component is involved as well, not considered by most physicists to play an important role. Next to the ordinarily considered motions of matter, a galaxy as a whole is also on the move through space in a single direction. This helps to establish a special outcome, right in the center.

Note that there is no difference in data between a Black Hole and a Black Eye. It is all in the scientific interpretation that the distinction between both models comes about. Like Rubin’s Vase, one can see a Vase, or one can see Two Faces. Either way, the data is identical.

--

Most will be familiar with the Black Hole model, so the emphasis for this article will be on presenting the Black Eye model.

The starting point is not the gravitational monster itself, but rather the circumstances of a galaxy as a whole.

The Milky Way contains about 100 billion stars and all of these stars have their own gravitational force, attracting all other masses. Yet as a collective, the center of this gravitational force establishes a deep depression.

· The pull on the center is enormous, coming from all directions in the galactic disk. The explanation that not all masses move toward the center with that pulling force is due to the circular motion of this collective, countering the action. Most masses are pushed out by the circular motion and pulled in by the gravitational force.

A depression is made up of various components. The most important aspect for understanding the Black Eye model is that the center of the depression is void of materials, except for happenstance materials (more on this later).

The center exists in a gravitational balance, called net-zero, yet the depression is experienced at its gravitational maximum. That net-zero reality takes up space; it is not a singular point, but rather an area, an Eye of net-zero gravitational force.

Perhaps a surprise, but at the exact spot of first moving away from the net-zero location, all hell breaks loose.

· This sudden boundary shift is like the shift seen with the inner core of planet Earth, with the solid part of the inner core located in the center flanked right around it by the fluid part of the inner core. The center is solid, not moving internally, while the fluid part is moving wildly. There is no transition zone right at the shift of both parts of the inner core.

The same shift occurs between non-motion in center /wild motion right next to it in the gravitational depression. In the center, there is net-zero gravity, not experiencing gravity. Right on the edge of it the gravitational force is exerted to its max. There is no greater gravitational expression in the entire galaxy than right here next to the net-zero location.

What happens right next to this edgy spot is that friction has become available whereas no friction is available anywhere inside the net-zero center. As soon as that friction is available, there is motion, lots and lots of it. All tension of all masses in the entire galaxy is kept at net-zero in the center and breaks loose with a fury at first opportunity.

For the Black Eye model, one can declare that edgy spot a gravitational Wall of Motion. The photons seen in images of a Black Hole/Black Eye show us the Wall of Motion. As is well-known, we only see photons when they move in our direction. This is a location of great turbulence.

📷

In the Black Eye model, photons will in general not make it through the center because the gravitational Wall of Motion will swat them out of the way before a photon can reach the center. As such, the Eye will be black. Meanwhile, the Wall of Motion in which the photons are swatted into our direction ensures that the ring of light (the donut) is visible to us. Thanks to the way photons works, we can see the ring of light, the Wall of Motion.

· Further out, photons continue on their straight path all around the Black Eye and Wall of Motion. As long as they are not swatted by the Wall of Motion, and when photons are not aimed toward us, we do not get to see them.

Once more, the most important aspect is the center at net-zero. This net-zero location is the solid backbone of all gravitational masses moving around it. In a way, all masses are moving around the gravitational center. Each mass is attracted both by the center and by all other specific masses in the galaxy. As such, specific individual behavior by a mass can also get established in this setting.

A partial collective of masses in the galaxy, when placed in opposite location to the center, can move any single mass individually as well. That means that for a single mass, the majority of the galaxy can end up establishing the direction that pulls this mass toward the center. As a result, a single mass may end up with a specific behavior in light of the net-zero center.

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In a visualization with a clock, this is like a single mass located at 2 o’clock being attracted via gravity through the large center location of the clock by the other side. Yet it is not just the masses located at 8 o’clock that are doing the attracting. It is more like all masses between 5 and 11 o’clock are attracting the single mass at 2 o’clock. Masses found at 7 o’clock or 10 o’clock would also be pulling the single mass at 2 o’clock in their direction.

Similarly, the mass at 2 o’clock is contributing (its very small part) to the attraction on all these masses between 5 and 11 o’clock. It will do so as part of its majority of masses of a galaxy. A mass at 8 o’clock will be pulled by all masses situated between 11 o’clock and 5 o’clock, including the single mass at 2 o’clock.

This is therefore a story of the single mass being attracted by the many in opposite direction, while the single mass contributes itself, as part of the many in opposition, to each and every other mass in their specific opposite location.

Once more, it is the circular motion that keeps all masses where they are. The inward pull by all masses is countered by the outward motion of the circular motion of all masses.

Through happenstance, a single mass may no longer follow the established path and become attracted to the very center of all masses in the galaxy. Yet when that mass reaches the center, it will still move around it. The single mass reverts direction in a smooth but perhaps rather fast transition.

In a static view, the exact center has an attraction that is equidistant in all directions of the galaxy. As such, a single mass will bypass the center in a circular motion, reversing direction, exactly because there is no single mass of attraction. This is a collective outcome played out on an individual mass.

Interestingly, the net-zero location can be entered also by a mass, yet this cannot happen at great velocity. At great velocity, the mass will always move around the net-zero center.

Yet when a slowly and gradually moving mass enters the net-zero location, it can get stuck on the ‘wrong’ side of the Wall of Motion.

· Like an airplane flying straight into the Eye of the Storm perhaps not encountering much trouble, when flying out back into the Storm the plane better not enter it at the wrong angle where the force can overwhelm it. Indeed, it is dangerous work for these pilots.

Naturally, a mass that ‘fell’ into a Black Eye will not have a steering wheel available and will not be able to exit the Black Eye exactly as desired. In short, it will not exit in a single piece.

📷

That mass will get churned into pieces. Some of it will fly right back into the galactic disk, unnoticed, yet a good amount can move outwardly through the perpendicular spouts. These spouts are located on both sides of the net-zero location in the galactic disk, themselves also net-zero areas. What propels these churned pieces is nothing but the speed the pieces achieved from the churning motion in their direction. Once more, the Wall of Motion will not let any mass escape whole once it entered the net-zero location.

To understand how a galactic system can establish a Black Eye, it is not sufficient to understand the gravitational motions only. A galaxy, or any matter in the universe, is always on the move. There truly exists no matter at a standstill.

The entire galaxy of, for instance, the 100 billion stars of the Milky Way, are on the move collectively, moving through space in what is basically a straight line.

This is the fastest speed that all these Milky Way masses are moving in. The outer regions of the galaxy are moving at the same speed as all other masses in the galaxy in that single direction.

· Like ice-skaters on a frozen canal, each skating under his- or her own force, all are moving like a group and yet there is no group force. There appears to be a group, but a single skater can stop skating on his or her own accord, with the remainder of the group continuing. There is no group powering the skaters.

The initial ‘push’ established by the Big Bang materialization process got applied to all Milky Way energy, moving it in one and the same direction, at one and the same speed. Therefore, it appears that there is a group that is powered by group action. Yet the group action that we see, the circling of these masses, is based on gravity. For the skaters, we see the evidence of their being a group when they are jostling or helping propel each other. Yet in general, each skater skates on their own power.

· The original push of the Big Bang is not based on gravity.

The true motions of all masses in the Milky Way are more complex than considered in our Einsteinian view of matter in which gravity is the essential force.

On the one hand, there is the fastest motion of all masses moving in the same direction at the same speed at the same time. On the other hand, there is the gravitational motion indeed that attracts these masses to one another.

· A circular motion is the result of both realities combined.

In the center, there will be a net-zero location, and this will not be based just on gravity, but based on the established circular motion, which includes the single and fastest direction that all galactic matter is moving into.

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Why did physicists consider there is a Black Hole instead of a Black Eye?

The answer lies in our achieving answers not just based on what we observe in reality, but also in our doing calculations on paper. When all the data is transposed onto paper, then one facilitates an environment in which is it easy to make a simple but fatal mistake.

Consider a piece of paper with a face drawn on it: two ears, hair, a nose, an eye, a mouth and chin.

All parts are scientifically correct.

And yet when there is just a single eye in the face, then the drawing shows us a Cyclops. It does not matter that the eye itself is scientifically correct. The drawing shows an outcome that does not corroborate what we witness in nature.

When all data about a galaxy is expressed in correct calculations on paper, then a melding of data into a single mass can still make the outcome become incorrect. The worst part of the Black Hole calculations is accepting that for the Cyclops the single eye sits in the middle of a face.

Naturally, it is easy to see what a Cyclops sees. All one needs to do is close an eye and we see exactly what a Cyclops sees.

· Yet the mistake is to think that the remaining open eye moved to the center of our faces.

The model demands therefore that all that is real remains in place, even when there is an established outcome of zero for whichever aspect that one has considered essential in a physical environment. The zero presence of any aspect does not allow us to eliminate the zero location from our equations.

· We are not allowed to play with models at will.

It is easy to undermine the Black Hole model with the Black Eye model, just like it is easy to undermine the Vase with the Two Faces. Only one outcome will be correct, and yet the data shows us two possibilities.

How to pick the best possible outcome?

The scientific weak spot in the Black Hole model is that the entity that establishes the scientific Black Hole cannot be shown itself. The event horizon prevents any fully scientific acknowledgment to ever occur. The Black Hole model contains a curtain beyond which no scientific access can be obtained, except on paper. That makes it a weak scientific model because the scientific essence is not available.

The Black Eye model does not suffer this scientific problem. All data is out there in the open. Everything is explained.

The real distinction is in the interpretation of the data.

i mean to ask what is the force or field or what external or internal factor effect make the earth and other planets to rotate ?

Gravitation is the attractive force between any two planets. Gravity is the force that pulls objects (within the Earth and its Atmosphere) toward the center of the Earth. Am I right?

Does the concentration of CO2 gas in the atmosphere cause warming of the earth's atmosphere? Or does it lead to less rainfall when it warms up? Or does the warming of the earth's atmosphere lead to an increase in rainfall on the earth's surface?

Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity (ECS) is the global mean change in surface temperature for a doubling of CO2 from the pre-industrial (PI) value. ECS is one of the key metrics used in assessing future global warming, and therefore plays a very important role in climate change related policy-making. One important question in this regard is how ECS changes in a warmer world. Several studies found that ECS increases at higher CO2 concentrations (e.g., Bloch-Johnson et al., 2021; Colman & McAvaney, 2009; Gregory et al., 2015; Meraner et al., 2013). And, more recently, Mitevski et al. (2021) found a non-linear and non-monotonic dependence of ECS on CO2 concentrations. In addition to the surface temperature response, the precipitation response is another critical aspect of climate change. To evaluate precipitation changes, the key metric used is Hydrological Sensitivity (HS). HS is defined as the difference in global mean precipitation per one degree of global mean temperature change from the PI control state. Previous studies have explored the response of the hydrological cycle to global warming by examining HS in terms of the global energy budget, and have described the mechanisms affecting it (e.g., Allen & Ingram, 2002; Held & Soden, 2006; Jeevanjee & Romps, 2018; O'Gorman et al., 2011). The fact that HS is energetically constrained means that the precipitation response can be separated into fast and slow components. The fast response depends only on the CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere, before the surface temperature has time to warm, and results in a decrease in precipitation. The slow response, in contrast, is associated with surface warming, and results in an increase in precipitation (Andrews et al., 2010).

Reply to this discussion

James Garry added a reply:

Mr Kashani,

You have written two rather facile queries, and part of a third.

"Or doe"

Abbas Kashani added a reply:

Does the concentration of CO2 gas in the atmosphere cause warming of the earth's atmosphere? Or does it lead to less rainfall when it warms up? Or does the warming of the earth's atmosphere lead to an increase in rainfall on the earth's surface?

James Garry added a reply:

Abbas,

1) Yes, the rising carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere does lead to an increase in the surface and globally-averaged air temperature.

2) As the partial pressure of water vapour is a strong function of temperature (and that vapour is also a 'greenhouse gas') we expect to see a rise in the global humidity - that in various locales should result in more rainfall.

Neither of these are contentious matters and are well-addressed in the literature.

1) https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/atsc/47/4/1520-0469_1990_047_0475_ccatma_2_0_co_2.xml

2)

Article More rain, less soil: Long-term changes in rainfall intensit...

I recommend Google Scholar.

Very useful.

Mrutyunjay Padhiary added a reply:

Through the greenhouse effect, the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas in the atmosphere is a significant contributor to global warming with many other greenhouse gases. Heat from the sun is trapped in the atmosphere when CO2 and other greenhouse gases build up, preventing it from escaping back into space. Global warming is the term for the total rise in temperature that results from this. Rainfall patterns can be impacted by Earth's atmosphere warming, while there is a complex relationship between CO2 concentrations and rainfall that varies based on local climate dynamics. Higher temperatures generally have the potential to alter the rates of evaporation and atmospheric circulation, which in turn can affect the patterns of precipitation. higher moisture can be held by warmer air, which could result in higher evaporation from lakes, oceans, and land surfaces. In certain areas, the increased moisture in the atmosphere may be a factor in the intensity of rainfall events. Higher temperatures, however, can also bring about modifications to weather patterns, including adjustments to air circulation and modifications to precipitation distribution. Also, variables including local geography, atmospheric stability, and variations in cloud cover can all have an impact on changes in rainfall patterns. While some places might have more rainfall than others, other regions might see less rainfall or changes in the frequency and severity of precipitation events. The ecosystems, agricultural practices, water supplies, and human societies may all be significantly impacted by these modifications in rainfall patterns. All things considered, even while the rise in CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere is the main cause of global warming, temperature variations that follow can have an impact on precipitation patterns, which can have complicated and varied impacts on the distribution and intensity of rainfall.

Michael Girimay Gebremedhine added a reply

Yes, the concentration of CO2 gas in the atmosphere does cause warming of the Earth's atmosphere. This is due to the greenhouse effect, where CO2 and other greenhouse gases trap heat from the sun, leading to an increase in the overall temperature of the Earth.

As for its effect on rainfall, the relationship between CO2 concentration and rainfall is complex and can vary depending on regional and global climate patterns. In general, however, a warmer atmosphere can lead to changes in precipitation patterns, including shifts in rainfall distribution and intensity. These changes can result in both increased and decreased rainfall in different regions.

Alexander Kolker added a reply

The statement such as "Increase in carbon dioxide gas in the air ... prevents the flow of long-wave radiations through the atmospheric layers thus retaining it. As a result, the atmosphere warms up leading to 'global warming'." can be found in 1000's of posts, blogs, papers, reports, etc, etc.

However, if one looks at simple physics and the energy balance in the atmosphere, it would become obvious that it is nonsense, of course setting aside the politics behind all global warming screams and alarmism.

Yes, it is well known that CO2 molecules have an absorption band of the infrared radiation (IR) around ~15 um that comes out of the Earth's surface, although the water vapor in the atmosphere is a much more potent IR absorber.

However, that absorbed energy cannot stay in the excited molecules for long and is radiated back in all directions. But even if we neglect all that radiation and look simply at the energy balance we can find that the excitation energy absorbed by CO2 must be transferred somewhere, i.e. to heat the entire atmosphere. A process of transferring the excitation energy (rotational, vibrational, and momentum) to the surroundings through molecular (mostly elastic) collisions is called thermalization. From the simple balance, we could see

Cp(co2)* M co2 *deltaTco2 = Cp air *Mair *deltaTair.

The ratio of the heat capacities of the CO2 and the air is about 0.89 in the temp range 300 - 350 K.

The content of CO2 in the air is about 420 ppm or ~0.05% weight, while the rest of air (N2, O2, Ar, and traces of other gases) is about 99.95% weight.

Hence, delta T air = 0.89 *0.05/99.95 * deltaT co2= 4.45 *10^-4 * deltaT co2 C.

If CO2 heats up due to infrared absorption by, say, deltaT co2 ~1 C, then the air (the entire atmosphere) will heat up to ~4.45.10^-4 C, that is an absolutely negligible amount.

In order to get the air (atmosphere) to increase the temperature to, say, 1.5 C, the amount of CO2 in the air must be about ~63% weight, i.e. the ratio CO2/air must be about 1.7 !!. In other words, the atmosphere must consist of about 2/3 of pure CO2. This takes place on Venera, or some other distant planets but will never happen on Earth in any scenario for 100000 years.

Of course, the above energy balance is oversimplified, and the physics of heating up or cooling down the atmosphere is much more complex and non-linear. However, the bottom line is that a minuscule amount of CO2 cannot result in global catastrophic warming. Assuming that human-produced CO2 is the only factor affecting the entire atmospheric temperature is a total nonsense and a typical alarmism which is fed by politics and financial interests.

My research: Among the planets, Pluto has the largest core relative to its size.

Inner core: the source of generating magnetic waves.

With the mathematical formula I obtained:

The radius of the inner core of the sun = 131000

Earth's inner core radius=728

The radius of the core inside the planet Pluto = 334

I will tell my formulas after presenting my discoveries.

Here I present my findings that the solar system mirrors atomic systems and has a quantum mechanical solution to the Schrödinger wave equation based on a base unit of 1 second. I further suggest that this solution for our spectral class G2V star the Sun, may indicate that life is a uniform cosmic unfolding throughout the Universe. In order to test whether this works for many G2V star like our Sun we would need to detect Earth sized planets around such other such stars, to see if my Planck constant works for other planetary systems, which I show is connected to the my theory for the radius of a proton in terms the Natural constants such as the gravitational constant for gravity and the Planck constant for atoms. However the first Earth-sized planets have been detected in the habitable zones of stars, and interestingly there are 4 planets in a red dwarf spectral class M star in the habitable zone of a star designated TOI 700 with complete data and fairly small margins of error. Two of them are Earth-sized, but the star is not spectral class G2V like our Sun. However, before that we detected an Earth-like planet in the habitable zone of a G2V star like our Sun, but it was not Earth-sized, but rather a super-Earth, which is to say it was much more massive than the Earth, estimated 5 times more massive. And this figure for the mass was an estimate, where for our Earth-sized planets around an M star are well determined. The star for the super-Earth is called Kepler-452 and the planet is called Kepler-452b. We will not work with this one in the paper, as the data is not accurate enough for the size and mass of the planet because the system is so far away. Lightly suggested in this study is the progression from cool red M stars to warm yellow G stars to hot blue A stars in association with a progression from one type of life to another.

Why

I've been trying to find datasets of wind velocity on planet Jupiter observed either by Cassini or Juno but I haven't been able to find any. Does anyone know of a link that I can go to download such datasets?

Who of all of you that see, read this will make action' with me to save this world from its NOW happening global thermodynamics of of a very bad exterminating start of 01/05/2047, and into a broiler oven actuality at 15/06/2048. That causes Hydro Thermodynamics as making this globe world into a steam cooker/\broiler.

I have the complete answer methodology to prevent the event of 2047 and thus be no 2048 Hydro Thermodynamics.

MOTTO. For the Love of our Planet Earth, For the Love and care of Life for all.

VISIONS.

I give make Hope and care to Planet Earths future to betterment. I make Hope to Humanities continued future. I make hope and care for all living species of life forms upon planet Earth. My DESTINY with TPEOM is to provide actuality, and the actual way for a continued life for all.

This is my life’s total unconditional, absolute RESOLVE!!!!!

WHAT IS YOURS?????

TELL ME AS\/BY WAY OF: technocontractor@yahoo.com

Time and the thermal radiation of the we tagged as our sun will continue as it is doing!

2047

📷2024

23 years of misery before exact conclusion as being INTO heat prostration. a condition marked by dizziness and nausea and weakness caused by depletion of body fluids and electrolytes. symptoms: heat exhaustion.

What is your Decision?

http://www.tgmncsb.com/GlobalWarming.html

Moon create tidal waves in earth but fact is that the earth squeeze moon at higher rate.

Does the jet wind speed in Jupiter's atmosphere fluctuate in roughly four-year periods?

Constant velocity field and radial component of background magnetic field at 0.9 RJ. The hummock-area bump is with the central meridian at 180° in coordinate system III (highlighted in gray). The central meridian is the zero line for steady flow. The color scale for the linear background magnetic field model is specified between The current velocity is scaled with latitude to account for the polar convergence of the meridians. The peak velocity (corresponding to the equatorial jet) is 0.86 cm/s-1. Credit: Nature (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07046-3

A team of planetary scientists from several institutions in the United States has found a jet in Jupiter's atmosphere that oscillates in roughly four-year periods. In their paper, published in the journal Nature, the group describes how to find the jet and examine its properties using data from the Juno spacecraft.

Jupiter has a large magnetosphere, some parts of which extend to the orbit of Saturn. The planet's magnetic field is about 20 times that of Earth, making it a good target for research. Also, the fact that Jupiter is a gas giant and has no shell makes it a good target. This makes it much easier to study the dynamics that are responsible for maintaining the magnetosphere compared to the dynamics that generate the Earth's magnetic field.

NASA sent a probe specifically designed to measure and map the planet's magnetic field — the Juno probe launched in 2011 and entered Jupiter's polar orbit in 2016. Since then, it has sent back valuable information about many aspects of the planet, including Magnetic field. In this new effort, the researchers focused on data surrounding an atmospheric jet.

Wind speeds can cause atmospheric jets to create high-speed currents that sweep through the planet's atmosphere, similar in some ways to the jet stream on Earth. In this new effort, the research team focused on a jet in a circular region on Jupiter called the "Great Blue Spot." By studying data describing the jet's properties, the researchers found that it has wave-like oscillations that repeat in roughly four-year periods.

Convective currents from within the metallic hydrogen pool that forms part of the planet's inner atmosphere. Such a jet would almost certainly have periodicity in centuries, not years.

Constant velocity field and radial component of background magnetic field at 0.9 RJ. The hummock-area bump is with the central meridian at 180° in coordinate system III (highlighted in gray). The central meridian is the zero line for steady flow. The color scale for the linear background magnetic field model is specified between The current velocity is scaled with latitude to account for the polar convergence of the meridians. The peak velocity (corresponding to the equatorial jet) is 0.86 cm/s-1. Credit: Nature (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07046-3

A team of planetary scientists from several institutions in the United States has found a jet in Jupiter's atmosphere that oscillates in roughly four-year periods. In their paper, published in the journal Nature, the group describes how to find the jet and examine its properties using data from the Juno spacecraft.

Jupiter has a large magnetosphere, some parts of which extend to the orbit of Saturn. The planet's magnetic field is about 20 times that of Earth, making it a good target for research. Also, the fact that Jupiter is a gas giant and has no shell makes it a good target. This makes it much easier to study the dynamics that are responsible for maintaining the magnetosphere compared to the dynamics that generate the Earth's magnetic field.

NASA sent a probe specifically designed to measure and map the planet's magnetic field — the Juno probe launched in 2011 and entered Jupiter's polar orbit in 2016. Since then, it has sent back valuable information about many aspects of the planet, including Magnetic field. In this new effort, the researchers focused on data surrounding an atmospheric jet.

Wind speeds can cause atmospheric jets to create high-speed currents that sweep through the planet's atmosphere, similar in some ways to the jet stream on Earth. In this new effort, the research team focused on a jet in a circular region on Jupiter called the "Great Blue Spot." By studying data describing the jet's properties, the researchers found that it has wave-like oscillations that repeat in roughly four-year periods.

Convective currents from within the metallic hydrogen pool that forms part of the planet's inner atmosphere. Such a jet would almost certainly have periodicity in centuries, not years.

James Garry added a reply

Mr Kashani,

You have seemingly copied from a number of articles to make this post:

and

This post is shown in my 'Question' feed, and I do not know what you want to know.

What is the question you ask?

Abbas Kashani added a reply

Dear James Garry

Jet in Jupiter's atmosphere found to fluctuate in roughly four-year periods.

And this issue shows that if the speed increases in Jupiter's atmosphere, it is due to what factors and the role of magnetism is effective in the wind speed in the jet. Thank you for your attention

James Garry added a reply:

Mr Kashani,

Note, the magnetosphere cannot couple to a non-current carrying fluid - and as Jupiter's atmosphere (at least, visible cloud layer) is essentially insulating, the magnetosphere cannot directly act on the atmosphere.

<just as on Earth>

In the exosphere, that's not the case. There, the 'atmosphere' is partially ionized.

But I still don't know what question you are asking.

How are the strange worlds of this world and other lands?

For thousands of years, people believed that the Earth was fixed at the center of the universe and that every other celestial body revolved around our planet. But over time it became clear that the earth did not occupy such a special position. People realized that maybe the earth is not as unique as they thought. Some even wondered if there might be planets around other stars. To date, astronomers have found more than 5,000 exoplanets. While astronomers initially expected to find systems similar to our planet, most of the first exoplanets they discovered were wild and strange compared to our own solar system. Hubble's exoplanet studies continue to expand our view of planetary systems by revealing even stranger orbs, often by probing their atmospheric chemistry through spectroscopy—the study of information encoded in light. Hubble's spectroscopic observations have revealed faded worlds shrinking into space as they lose their atmospheres, and planets in odd orbits. But the observatory has also revealed worlds that are more like ours.

How is the weather and star relationships?

Earth exhibits a wide range of weather, from rolling thunderstorms to sunny skies and blizzards. Thanks to Hubble, astronomers have learned about the weather some exoplanets experience, including molten iron showers, amber skies, and even sunscreen-like snow flurries. Future observations could reveal more about the factors that drive the climates of exoplanets, including their relationships with their host stars. If our own host star, the Sun, were just a little warmer or cooler, or if it were much older or younger, Earth might not be habitable. While Sun-like stars may be the most obvious targets for the search for habitable planets, these stars are not too hot, too cold, or too violent to host life-friendly planets over large stretches of cosmic time. Hubble's upcoming observations will help us focus our search for habitable worlds and bring us ever closer to the possibility of finding life on other planets. New stars in the Milky Way form from swirling clouds of gas and dust scattered throughout our galaxy. The remnants of those clouds remain and surround each star in a disk that becomes more diffuse as the debris clumps together to form objects like planets. Hubble's studies of exoplanets have focused mainly on the planets themselves, but sometimes surprises turn up in the disks in which these planets are embedded.

What are global atmospheric circulations and how do they occur in the atmosphere of the planet Earth?

as you know :

Global atmospheric circulation is the movement of air around the planet. It explains how thermal energy and storm systems move over the Earth's surface.

Without the rotation of the earth, the tilt of the sun and the surface waters, global circulation would be simple. With the sun directly over the equator, the Earth and atmosphere there heat up more than the rest of the planet. This area gets very hot and warm air rises to the atmosphere. This creates a stable belt of low pressure around the equator. That warm air then moves directly north toward the poles, where it cools and sinks, creating a large area of high pressure. The difference in temperature and pressure pushes cold air back south to the equator (top right), creating a simple global circulation.

However, the Earth's tilt means that the Sun is not always directly above the equator, and so the exact location where the most solar radiation is received is constantly changing. The rotation of the Earth causes the air to move eastward, which is called the Coriolis effect (this is explained in more detail in the next section, the jet stream). The uneven distribution of land and water across the globe further disrupts the uniformity of air movement, with larger amounts of land in the Northern Hemisphere creating semi-permanent lows and highs. As a result, the actual global pattern of atmospheric circulation is much more complex than a direct flow between the equator and the poles.

Hadley Cell - At low latitudes, air moves toward the equator, where it warms and rises vertically. In the upper atmosphere, the air moves towards the pole. It forms a convective cell covering tropical and subtropical climates. This cell is named after the English physicist and meteorologist George Hadley, who in 1735 proposed a single blood circulation for each hemisphere.

Ferrell Cell - In this mid-latitude atmospheric circulation cell, near-surface air flows poleward and eastward, while air higher in the atmosphere moves equatorward and westward. These winds, proposed by William Ferrell in 1856, were the first to account for the westerly winds between 35 and 60 degrees north-east, which are caused by friction, not the heat difference between the equator and the poles.

Polar cell - At higher latitudes, air rises and moves toward the poles. When over the poles, the air sinks and forms areas of high atmospheric pressure called polar highs. At the surface, air moves outward from the polar highs, creating an easterly surface wind called the polar easterly. It is the smallest and weakest cell.

rotation of the earth

Due to the Earth's rotation, there are three main circulations between the equator and the poles.

These cells describe the circulation in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, although differences in land masses result in varying degrees of uniformity.

Between each of these circulating cells are surface bands of high and low pressure. The high pressure belt is located at about 30 degrees northeast latitude and at each pole. Low pressure bands are found at the equator and 50-60 degrees north east.

Dry and warm weather is usually associated with high pressure, while rainy and stormy weather is associated with low pressure. You can see the results of these rotations on a globe. Look at the number of deserts located along 30°N latitude around the world (including the American Southwest and Mexico, North Africa, and Australia). Then look at the area between 50° and 60° N latitude (including Canada, Alaska, the British Isles, and Russia in the Northern Hemisphere). These latitudes, especially on the western coasts of the continents, tend to have more precipitation due to the movement of more storms around the Earth.

How to prove that the movement of the winds of the planet Earth is towards the North Pole or the South Pole? And how do climatologists respond?

as you know :

The magnetic attraction force increases in the frontal part of meteorites and planets.

It leads to the accumulation of matter, so the mass of the planet increases in the direction

There is a moving front and, on the other hand, the accumulation and mass has been reduced in the rear

The part of the planet that results in reduced gravity. Therefore, any observation of greater gravitational force means that the planet is moving in this direction, and it has been proven that the greatest attraction is at the North Pole, i.e. at . The planet moves in a direction from the South Pole to the North Pole

James Gray added a reply

Chartered Physicist, PhD Director of Design and Development at Red Core Consulting ltd.

Vancouver, Canada:

There is no such polar movement of wind.

We can show that at high latitudes, air does not flow uniformly poleward (how is that possible if air sinks?)

The magnetic properties or other properties of meteorites have nothing to do with this issue.

>This planet moves in a direction from the South Pole to the North Pole

It is not true.

The Earth rotates on its axis - and orbits the Sun in an elliptical path. The earth does not and cannot move perpendicular to the plane of that path.

Michael John Patrick added a reply

Alumni of the University of Washington, Seattle

United States:

"What do you mean by 'winds'? Earth's atmosphere has various stable structures at different scales from the global circulation (https://www.noaa.gov/jetstream/global/global-atmospheric-circulations) to very small microclimates in a River valleys are special - each governed by different physics and thermodynamics. The "wind" is actually somewhat of a side effect, the circulation of fluid mass tangential to the slope between high and low pressure areas.

As for mass gain, "48.5 tons (44 tons or 44,000 kg) of meteorite material falls to Earth every day" (https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/meteors-meteorites/) and due to Earth's rotation which spreads relatively evenly on the surface during a day. Furthermore, any increase in mass will increase gravity, not decrease it. And the magnetic field vector is almost vertical at the poles, the earth (planet) itself is a "magnet", so the field is more or less symmetrical, so why should it move "towards" the north pole?

There is a great image at https://earth.nullschool.net/#current/wind/isobaric/700hPa/orthographic=57.78,35.19,1946, you can see the different wind patterns at different pressure scales and altitudes for the local area view Explore for yourself. . Attached is a high level snapshot.

How to prove that the movement of the winds of the planet Earth is towards the North Pole or the South Pole? How do climatologists respond?

The magnetic attraction force increases in the frontal part of meteorites and planets.

It leads to the accumulation of matter, so the mass of the planet increases in the direction

There is a moving front and, on the other hand, the accumulation and mass has been reduced in the rear

The part of the planet that results in reduced gravity. Therefore, any observation of greater gravitational force means that the planet is moving in this direction, and it has been proven that the greatest attraction is at the North Pole, i.e. at . The planet moves in a direction from the South Pole to the North Pole

James Gray added a reply

Certified Physicist, Ph.D Design and Development Manager at Red Core Consulting ltd.

Vancouver, Canada:

There is no such polar movement of wind.

We can show that at high latitudes, air does not flow uniformly poleward (how is that possible if air sinks?)

The magnetic properties or other properties of meteorites have nothing to do with this issue.

>This planet moves in a direction from the South Pole to the North Pole

It is not true.

The Earth rotates on its axis - and orbits the Sun in an elliptical path. The earth does not and cannot move perpendicular to the plane of that path.

How can we prove that the movement of the winds of the planet Earth is towards the North Pole or the South Pole? ,

The magnetic attraction force increases in the frontal part of meteorites and planets.

It leads to accretion of matter, so the mass of the planet increases in the direction

There is a moving front, and in contrast, reduced accumulation and mass in the rear

A part of the planet, which leads to a decrease in gravity. Therefore, every Observing a greater gravitational force means that the planet will move in this direction direction, and it has been proved that the greatest attraction is at the North Pole, i.e. at . The planet moves in a direction from the south pole to the north pole

I want to study the attraction forces among the planets at any time. So I need the position vector of the planets. Can you help me?

This is a forum for scientists. We do not bring precious metals or products ourselves.

Our work results should benefit the people of the country. In this case, we must protect the people of the country from and reduce material losses in the event of earthquakes and related disasters.

You see that we can do this. But for this, it is necessary for the state leadership to know that a method has been created and successfully tested that will provide protection with a timely and accurate forecast.

( Place, time, force with an advance of hours, tens of hours...)

If we do this, then we can unite and a single global network of short-term forecasts will save the lives of us and our children.

Nowadays, climate change on the planet is causing worsening catastrophes. The number of victims of one earthquake exceeds the number of victims of local wars. Ahead - worsening weather and more casualties.

Which seismologists are ready to inform the state and participate in the Center for the Global Forecast Network?

Is your state ready to take the lead in implementing proven techniques? You understand that the "first" becomes the owner of the patents. The first one will have maximum knowledge and maximum capabilities, this is a guarantee. One of the most important factors: reliability is about 100%. There are no other methods that provide such accuracy and reliability.

Is it interesting for you? Or are you interested in talking and continuing to do your own thing? People's lives don't concern you?

Where does the air we breathe every day come from?

As you know, air circulates on the planet and wherever there is living space on the planet, it needs oxygen. So if we are by the sea. Day and night, we get oxygen from the sea side with air circulation. If we are next to the mountain, we get oxygen from the flow between the mountain and the plain and the foothills. If we are by the river, the flow of the river and the river breeze will bring us oxygen air. And if we are in the middle of the forest, the breeze of forest trees and parks will bring us oxygen. and most importantly at the beginning of the morning every day due to the rotation of the winds from the higher latitudes of the earth to the lower latitudes of the earth; That is, from polar regions to tropical regions during the day and night; We humans smell arctic air. It means that every day the pollution moves from the hot and tropical regions of the earth towards the pole of the earth on both sides of the north and south and at night this clean air returns to us humans and we eat the polar air every morning. And enjoy it, let's go. But this pollution remains in the poles and the earth's atmosphere has a hole in the ozone layer, and its restoration depends on the activities of us humans. Of course, oceans, especially phytoplanktons and corals, play an important role in establishing the Earth's atmosphere. But is it always like this? Doesn't climate change affect our weather? Isn't the earth's oxygen decreasing? Are 19 gases increasing in the Earth's atmosphere: Are ozone-depleting gases such as CO2 increasing? Is it because of a forest fire? Will CO2 increase? If the ozone layer is destroyed more? Don't we humans suffer? Can we live on this planet anymore? What does the life of the planet depend on? If it wasn't for James Wallen Allen's layer. Didn't the solar winds evaporate all the oceans of this planet, and the planet Earth is like the planet Venus, which used to have an ocean but now doesn't? So how happy we humans should be right now. Was there oxygen after the creation of the planet Earth? Several of Earth's atmospheres were toxic due to the presence of volcanoes. Now that the volcanoes are extinct and much less active, should we poison the atmosphere of the planet by producing smog cars? Can we breathe in this planet despite the smoke and pollution of cars and factories? Aren't we like fishes who are stuck at the bottom of the air ocean and need oxygen? But have we deprived ourselves of it? And the interesting thing is that we all know what we are doing and we are not doing it the right way. So let's think about our own smoky cars and smoky factories for ourselves.

Is the moon separated from the planet earth?

As you know, according to the latest theories of astronomers, about 4 billion 600 million years ago when the solar system was formed, of course some planets such as Jupiter have an older age. However, there is an opinion that at the beginning of the creation of planets; The planet Earth had a sibling named Tina, which was smaller than the planet Earth and was very close to the Earth, and both planets were molten and very hot. has been molten; The collision between Tina and the planet Earth; A huge collision will take place and the collision of these two planets will cause Tina to sink into the planet Earth and the planet Earth will become bigger and will also contain heavy objects such as iron and steel. and according to Einstein's theory, the result of the energy inside the earth, which never gets cold, is due to these heavy objects and the existence of electrons, protons, and neutrons, which are maintained inside with the presence of light, which is discussed in the science of quantum physics. Now according to the opinion that there is no iron ore on the surface of the moon? Because before the creation of the earth, the earth did not have iron or very little, and now that the moon acts as a brake for the earth and slows down the speed of the earth and has brought life to the earth, and if the moon was not Life would disappear from the earth, and all the works that can be seen on the earth are like root and fashion, and the best works are the adjustment of the earth's orbit and the speed of the earth, but unfortunately, we will not always have the moon, and in the future, due to moving away The moon moves 16 km away from us every year. The earth will no longer have a moon, and according to the forecast, it will be another 1 billion years, and the earth has time until then. Now I want to know; Is the moon really separated from the earth?

Scientists around the planet discover some part of the Divine Science and give their name of that discovery. When are we going to admit that God created the universe with Divine Laws?

I give images and full detail of the SETI Arecibo matrix, and the supposed 'responses' in fake crop circles, the known fake 'alien message' tests, and the science humour involved, in this thesis. A few loose ends remain for someone to tie up. Who designed the 'alien' figure and three-stranded DNA involving the element 14Silicon? That design required knowledge of some obscure discoveries in marine biology.

In my opinion, both unfavorable processes, ie the global warming and the depletion of the ozone layer in the atmosphere will increase in the future.

However, there is still some time to implement the necessary pro-ecological reforms to slow down these processes. It is estimated that there has been a decade of time to carry out the necessary pro-ecological investments, thanks to which it would be possible to implement sustainable pro-ecological development in the global economy.

Hedgehogs do not take these actions in the next decade, then these unfavorable climate processes will accelerate in the future and become permanently irreversible. Then, at the end of the twenty-first century, there will be a global climate cataclysm that will threaten the life of all humanity and a large part of other life forms that inhabit the planet Earth.

The problem is therefore serious and underestimated by politicians, entrepreneurs, industrialists and many other social groups. The problem of global warming and decreasing ozone layer in the atmosphere is too little publicized and the educated society is not educated enough.

In view of the above, the current question is: Are the biggest global problems of the future underestimated and ignored?

Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.

Here I present my findings that the solar system mirrors atomic systems and has a quantum mechanical solution to the Schrödinger wave equation based on a base unit of 1 second. I further suggest that this solution for our spectral class G2V star the Sun, may indicate that life is a uniform cosmic unfolding throughout the Universe. In this age where we are able to now infer planets around other stars, including Earth-like planets in the habitable zones, and can obtain some of the orbital data, that this theory can soon be tested, because major efforts are underway to build better telescopes and equipment for such inferences, and the the James Webb space telescope has already been employed and is being geared up for such jobs.

Yellow G2V Stars With Habitable Planets May Be A Property Of...

O meu parecer do CNPq produtividade veio assim:

"Vou restringir minha análise à questão "taxonômica" do projeto, já que não me considero apto a opinar na área de Ecologia Aplicada. O projeto sugere que pelo fato de diversas espécies terem sido descritas para as bacias dos rios Grande, Tietê e Paranapanema existe a tendência de que muitas outras possam ser descritas nos próximos anos. Não há no projeto no entanto nenhuma descrição acerca da metodologia empregada na "descoberta" de novas espécies ou sobre a metodologia de descrição das mesmas. Não me parece ser um ponto relevante no projeto proposto."

Se o anônimo não está "... apto a opinar [julgar o projeto] na área de Ecologia Aplicada", que não aceitasse ser o revisor do projeto.

Seria conflito de interesse do revisor com essa tamanha indisposição?

Qual caminho seria mais justo na sua opinião?

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development that the 193 United Nations Member States adopted on September 25, 2015 looks to reconcile "people, planet, and profit", acting through 17 Sustainable Development Goals and associated targets. Relatedly, on December 12, 2015, the 195 members of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change signed the Paris Agreement to deal with greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, adaptation, and finance.

Cities are responsible for more than 70% of global carbon dioxide emissions and should play a critical role in achieving the 2030 Agenda and the Paris Agreement. SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities & Communities), for example, can act as a guiding theme to synergize progress toward SDG 6 (Clean Water & Sanitation), SDG 7 (Affordable & Clean Energy), and SDG 13 (Climate Action). Cities have also been tasked with delivering the bulk of the nationally determined contributions to the Paris Agreement that each country committed to.

Latin America and the Caribbean is the most urbanized developing region on the planet, with more than 80% of the population living in cities. What approaches to localizing climate action (e.g., systems approaches to delivery and maintenance of infrastructure, multilevel governance arrangements, pilot programs) might Latin American and Caribbean cities share with the world?

Accepted data for the Venusian atmosphere record a surface pressure of 9200 kPa and an atmospheric composition of 3.5% Nitrogen by volume. (NASA data). Using Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure this means that the partial pressure of N2 is 322 kPa and therefore Venus has 4 times as much nitrogen gas as Earth does.

If Venus possessed a CO2 free, nitrogen only atmosphere, then the boiling point of water on Venus would be 136 deg C.

Where does all the nitrogen on Venus come from and how long has the planet had this much nitrogen gas?

Research has demonstrated time and again that home-cooked traditional dishes are far better for our health and the planet than industrially processed foodstuff. Therefore shouldn't we begin to share or even archive the recipes our grandparents loved to cook, eat, and celebrate life with? Would you share a meal your family cooks?

Hello,

With everything that is happening at the moment on our dear planet Earth (disasters, late or early seasons...).

Do you think humans have made their Earth "crazy", disrupted it, or is it just rebalancing and repairing the damage?

Would the knowledge of other forms of life on distant exoplanets make it easier to answer the question of the possible purposefulness or randomness of the origin/emergence of life in the Universe and its development in evolutionary processes lasting millions or billions of years?

Man has been searching for years for a clear answer to the questions concerning the nature and possible purposefulness or randomness of the origin/emergence of life in the Universe and its development in evolutionary processes lasting millions or billions of years. On the other hand, one of the highly debatable issues is the possibility of the existence of other life forms, including other intelligent life forms on exoplanets many millions of light years distant, located in other planetary systems, other constellations, other stellar constellations, in other galaxies. At present, the most perfect instrument for photographing cosmic objects millions or even billions of light years away that man has built so far is the James Webb Space Telescope. Perhaps with the help of this telescope it will be possible to take photographs of distant exoplanets similar to our planet Earth, which exist in other planetary systems at distances from suns that allow life to originate and develop in the form of evolution on them. If man ever manages in this way to unambiguously confirm the existence of other forms of life on distant exoplanets, then, taking into account the number of galaxies in the known Universe numbering in the billions, the potential number of exoplanets with other forms of life on them can then also be estimated in relatively large numbers. If this is the case, then the question of resolving the possible intentionality or randomness of the emergence, or in fact the multiple and independent emergence of life on many exoplanets many millions of light years distant from each other in the known Universe will also significantly change its interpretative character. In view of the above, an affirmative and unambiguous answer to the question regarding the possible intentionality or randomness of the multiple and independent from each other origin of life on various exoplanets that are many millions of light years distant from each other, i.e. in a situation of unambiguous confirmation of the existence of other forms of life on distant exoplanets, the question of the possible expediency or randomness of the multiple emergence of life in the Universe and its development in processes of evolution of various forms of life lasting millions or billions of years repeatedly, and perhaps also the independent, multiple emergence of intelligent forms of life and of the more or less technologically advanced civilisations built by these various intelligent forms of life should be greatly facilitated. Perhaps with the finest telescope yet built, i.e. the James Webb Space Telescope, it will be possible to photograph exoplanets millions of light years away and obtain evidence of the existence of other life forms on these distant exoplanets similar to our planet Earth. And when this has been achieved, then perhaps the answer to the other questions above will already be facilitated.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What is your opinion on the subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Do you have evidence-based practice or knowledge about dealing with the pain of all dimensions for all probable belief/faith-based communities that humankind can benefit from you? Please share the knowledge and tips in the name of love for fellow human beings wherever they are on our planet Earth.