Phytopathogenic Fungi - Science topic

Phytopathogenic fungi pose a serious threat to global food security. Next-generation sequencing technologies, such as transcriptomics, are increasingly used to profile infection, assess environmental adaptation and gauge host-responses. The accumulation of these large-scale data has created the opportunity to employ new computational methods to gai...

The purpose of this work was to compare the yeast Metschnikowia pulcherrima and strains of Bacillus subtilis in their ability to suppress the growth of phytopathogenic fungi.

La Sierra Nororiental es una de las principales regiones productoras de café en el estado de Puebla, donde destaca el municipio de Hueytamalco por la producción y superficie sembrada. En los últimos años, la producción en esta región ha disminuido de manera considerable debido a los daños ocasionados por la roya del café (Hemileia vastatrix). El ob...

As a conserved epigenetic mark, DNA cytosine methylation, at the 5' position (5-mC), plays important roles in multiple biological processes, including plant immunity. However, the involvement of DNA methylation in the determinants of virulence of phytopathogenic fungi remains elusive. In this study, we profiled the DNA methylation patterns of the p...

Fungal pathogens pose a major threat to food production worldwide. Traditionally, chemical fungicides have been the primary means of controlling these pathogens, but many of these fungicides have recently come under increased scrutiny due to their negative effects on the health of humans, animals, and the environment. However, the use of fungicides...

Ageritin from poplar mushrooms is a specific endonuclease that hydrolyzes a single phosphodiester bond located in the sarcin-ricin loop (SRL) of the large rRNA, thereby blocking protein synthesis. Considering the possible biotechnological use of this enzyme, here we report its antifungal activity against virulent fungi affecting crops of economic i...

Abstract The purpose of the study was to assess the susceptibility of phytopathogenic fungi to essential oils from hop cones. The material for the study consisted of filamentous fungi of the genus Fusarium – F. oxysporum and F. culmorum isolated from infested wheat grains. Using the hydrodistillation method in the Deryng apparatus, essential oils w...

Background The leaves of Serjania erecta Radlk (Sapindaceae) are renowned in ethnobotany for their medicinal properties and are significant as a medicinal resource for traditional Brazilian communities. As necrotic spots are common on these leaves, indicating interaction with phytopathogenic fungi, it was hypothesized that biotrophic fungal species...

Fungal phytopathogens and drug-resistant bacteria are two significant challenges in agriculture and public health, respectively. As a result, new sources of antimicrobial compounds are urgently needed. Taking into consideration these aspects, the present study was carried out to explore the antimicrobial activity of Streptomyces sp. SP5 against dru...

There is currently an extensive record of scientific studies on the general characteristics of filamentous fungus Trichoderma spp., which demonstrates its wide range of interrelation in ecosystems and its fungal activity that benefits the agricultural sector and agroindustry, as well as its importance in the preservation and restoration of the soil...

Rice blast is a worldwide fungal disease that poses a threat to food security. Fungicide treatment is one of the most effective methods to control rice blast disease. However, the emergence of fungicide tolerance hampers the control efforts against rice blast. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters have been found to be crucial in multidrug tolera...

The appressorium of phytopathogenic fungi is a specific structure with a crucial role in plant cuticle penetration. Pathogens with melanized appressoria break the cuticle through cell wall melanization and intracellular turgor pressure. However, in fungi with non-melanized appressorium, the mechanisms governing cuticle penetration are poorly unders...

Background Colletotrichum camelliae, one of the most important phytopathogenic fungi infecting tea plants (Camellia sinensis), causes brown blight disease resulting in significant economic losses in yield of some sensitive cultivated tea varieties. To better understand its phytopathogenic mechanism, the genetic information is worth being resolved....

La evidencia muestra que todas las plantas conviven con endófitos, lo cual indica que desempeñan un papel fundamental aún por dilucidar. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el potencial biotecnológico de endófitos provenientes de Passiflora edulis f. edulis, en dos aspectos: como acción promotora de crecimiento vegetal y como controladores del...

The species Eutypa lata is one of the most critical phytopathogenic fungi that presents a threat to vineyards by causing significant economic damage. This grapevine disease is hazardous because there is no adequate chemical protection, so after its progression, there is a decrease in yield and dieback of parts or whole infected shoots. There are al...

En México, la presencia de hongos fitopatógenos ocasiona severos daños en frutos de durazno (Prunus persica L.), después de la cosecha, causando disminución en la exportación de productos procesados y en vida de anaquel. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir el rango de hospedantes de hongos foliares en frutos de manzano (Malus domestica Borkh)...

Fungal phytopathogens are the major agents responsible for causing severe damage to and losses in agricultural crops worldwide. Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum, Fusarium proliferatum, and Magnaporthe grisea are included in the top ten fungal phytopathogens that impose important plant diseases on a broad range of crops. Microbial natural p...

In a survey to evaluate the potential of lichens associated with gypsum areas as sources of new antifungal metabolites, six species of lichens were collected in the gypsum outcrops of the Sorbas Desert (Diploschistes ocellatus and Seirophora lacunosa) and the Tabernas Desert (Cladonia foliacea, Acarospora placodiformis, Squamarina lentigera and Xan...

Gray mold is a destructive plant disease caused by a fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. The use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has proven to be a promising method to control this disease. Bacillus velezensis K01 was isolated from the rhizosphere of planting tomatoes. Strain K01 has a range of roles, including the ability to solubiliz...

Objective: To evaluate the fungistatic capacity of aqueous extracts obtained from Citrus × aurantium (sour orange) and Aloe vera L. on phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium spp. Design/Methodology/Approach: Three aqueous extracts were made (aloe peel, aloe peel and gel, and sour orange peel). The inhibition capacity in the in vitro growth of...

El Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) es una especie nativa de los bosques húmedos tropicales ecuatoriales en América del Sur, la cual fue domesticada por nativos centroamericanos como lo fueron los Mayas y Aztecas (Nair, 2021). Este cultivo se establece en regiones cálidas y húmedas en latitudes que abarcan los 10°N y 10° S del Ecuador y su producción se...

Eucalyptus species are known to produce metabolites such as essential oils (EOs) that play an important role in the control of weeds, pests and phytopathogenic fungi. The aims of this study were as follows: (i) to determine the chemical composition of the EOs derived from eight Eucalyptus species growing in Tunisia, and (ii) to study their possible...

The mycobiota of various plants used for food and fodder purposes in Azerbaijan was studied in the presented paper. It was shown that 127 species of fungi participate in formation of the mycobiota from 19 species of the studied plants, 115 species of which belong to fungi (mycota) and 12 species belong to mushroom-like organisms (chromistan fungi)....

The largest family of transmembrane receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). These receptors respond to perceived environmental signals and infect their host plants. Family A of the GPCR includes opsin. However, there is little known about the roles of GPCRs in phytopathogenic fungi. We studied opsin in Leptosphaeria maculans , an importa...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous particles released by different organisms. EVs carry several sets of macromolecules implicated in cell communication. EVs have become a relevant topic in the study of pathogenic fungi due to their relationship with fungal–host interactions. One of the essential research areas in this field is the characte...

Soil-borne diseases cause significant economic losses in global agricultural production. These diseases are challenging to control due to the invasion of multiple pathogens into host plants, and traditional chemical control methods often yield unsatisfactory results. In this study, we isolated and identified an endophytic Streptomyces , designated...

The target-directed efficient extraction and antifungal activities of extracts against seven phytopathogenic fungi from flowers, leaves and seeds of Carpesium abrotanoides L. (Asteraceae) were evaluated. In the seven tested fungi, the extracts of three parts of this plant produced by petroleum ether and chloroform, as well as extracts of flower and...

The target-directed efficient extraction and antifungal activities of extracts against seven phytopathogenic fungi from flowers, leaves and seeds of Carpesium abrotanoides L. (Asteraceae) were evaluated. In the seven tested fungi, the extracts of three parts of this plant produced by petroleum ether and chloroform, as well as extracts of flower and...

The in vitro antagonistic activity of Bacillus velezensis LABIM40 (strain CMRP 4489) was assessed against Alternaria linariae, Botryotinia squamosa, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Gibberella zeae, and Rhizoctonia solani. An experiment was conducted using treated seeds under growth chamber conditions to determine the impact of various LABIM40 formul...

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a means of exchanging genetic material asexually. The process by which horizontally transferred genes are domesticated by the host genome is of great interest but is not well understood. In this study, we determined the telomere-to-telomere genome sequence of the wheat-infecting Pyricularia oryzae strain Br48. SNP...

Background The entomogenous fungus Beauveria bassiana is used as a biological insecticide worldwide, but its application is affected by pathogenicity degeneration in the field. Previous studies showed that multiple factors contribute to this phenomenon. Mycovirus infection causes hypovirulence of phytopathogenic fungi and mycoviruses have been used...

Active biodegradable packaging with Bixa orellana extract has potential for producing new products that combine natural renewable use and food conservation. B. orellana seeds were collected and their extract was produced. The packages were produced and incorporated with different concentrations of B. orellana extract. Phytochemical parameters were...

Six new lipids, trichoderols B-G (1–6), along with a known one, triharzianin B (7), were isolated from the culture of Trichoderma sp. Z43 obtained from the surface of the marine brown alga Dictyopteris divaricata. Their structures and relative configurations were identified by interpretation of 1D/2D NMR and MS data. Compounds 1–7 were assayed for...

In this paper, four new compounds with quinazolinone structure were designed and synthesized based on the special biological activity of quinazolinone. The four new compounds containing quinazolinone structures were synthesized using a one-pot method after intramolecular cyclization and dehydration catalyzed by aqueous methylamine solution. Their s...

Background A number of molecular marker systems have been developed to assess genetic diversity, carry out phylogenetic analysis, and diagnose and discriminate plant pathogenic fungi. The start codon targeted (SCoT) markers system is a novel approach used here to investigate intra and interspecific polymorphisms of phytopathogenic fungi. Materials...

Oilseed cakes (OC) are natural sources of lignocellulosic biomass, produced every year in large amounts. In addition to their main applications as animal feed, plant or soil fertilizer, and compost, they present enormous potential for being used in biotechnological processes for the obtainment and extraction of valuable bioactive compounds. This wo...

Plant extracts are a valuable alternative for the control of phytopathogenic fungi in horticultural crops. In the present work, the in vitro antifungal effect of ethanol and aqueous extracts from different vegetative parts of 40 native plants of the Yucatan Peninsula on Curvularia lunata ITC26, a pathogen of habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense), and...

Background Trichoderma species are able to cause significant changes in the metabolism of host plants, by that means it trigger the plant growth and increasing plant defense to diverse fungal diseases. Trichoderma harzianum has been identified as potential biocontrol agent of many phytopathogenic fungi. Therefore, the aim of this study was to asses...

Introduction: B. velezensis strains are of interest in agricultural applications due to their beneficial interactions with plants, notable through their antimicrobial activity. The biocontrol ability of two new lipopeptides-producing B. velezensis strains ES1-02 and EFSO2-04, against fungal phytopathogens of Diaporthe spp., was evaluated and compar...

Introducción. El cultivo de palma datilera (Phoenix dactylifera L.) es de gran relevancia económica en el noroeste de México, particularmente en el estado de Baja California. La superficie cultivada y el volumen de producción de dátiles se incrementó exponencialmente durante la última década; sin embargo, la presencia de enfermedades disminuye algu...

In recent years there has been a growing need in agriculture to reduce and replace the use of synthetic chemicals with the application of plant extracts and essential oils in crops for the control of phytopathogens. The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro effect of the essential oil and aqueous extract of the plant species Lippia pa...

The present work aims to improve the uses of the carboxymethyl cellulose–polyacrylamide (Na-CMC– PAAm) blend for energy storage, optoelectronic applications, biological control, and plant disease management. Nano-sized materials (α-Fe2O3 nanoplates (NP), CuO NP, and GO nanosheets (NS), were synthesized and incorporated into the blend. The phase p...

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) is a devastating soil-borne fungus causing Fusarium wilt in watermelon. The present study investigated the biochemical mechanism underlying the antifungal activity exhibited by the antagonistic bacterial strain DHA41, particularly against Fon. Molecular characterization based on the 16S rRNA gene confirmed tha...

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is a highly nutritious crop that is resistant to adverse conditions. Due to the considerable increase in its commercial production in Andean soils, the plant is suffering the negative effects of monocropping, which reduces its yield. We used for the first time a high-throughput Illumina MiSeq sequencing approach to explo...

Plants have the ability to recognize the essential chitin molecule present in the fungal cell wall, which stimulates the immune response. Phytopathogenic fungi have developed various strategies to inhibit the chitin-triggered immune response. Here, we identified a chitin deacetylase of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), known as PsCDA2, tha...

Forty-six promising chitinolytic isolates were recovered during a screening for chitinolytic bacteria in the environment of Saudi Arabia. The top three isolates belonged to the genus Streptomyces. Streptomyces variabilis Am1 was able to excrete the highest amount of chitinases, reaching the maximum at 84 h with 0.5% yeast extract and nitrogen sourc...

A series of 1,4-benzoxazin-3-one derivatives containing an acylhydrazone moiety were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antifungal activities against Gibberella zeae , Pellicularia sasakii , Phytophthora infestans , Capsicum wilt , and Phytophthora capsica . The structures of target compounds were characterized by ¹ H NMR, ¹³ H...

Fungal diseases, especially those that affect the root systems of plants, caused by Rhizoctonia and Macrophomina are limiting factors for achieving high crop yields. Alternatives to controlling fungi with chemical products drive the search for new options for bioactive compounds from plants. Attalea geraensis, a palm tree from the Brazilian Cerrado...

Legume plants rely upon multipartite interactions between rhizobia and bacterial endophytes within root nodules to facilitate plant growth. This study aimed to isolate and identify indigenous endophytic bacteria from root nodules of Sulla aculeolata L. in Northeast Morocco. Based on their tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) solubilization capacity, five en...

Transcription factors in phytopathogenic fungi are key players due to their gene expression regulation leading to fungal growth and pathogenicity. The KilA-N family encompasses transcription factors unique to fungi, and the Bqt4 subfamily is included in it and is poorly understood in filamentous fungi. In this study, we evaluated the role in growth...

Foliar diseases caused by Stemphylium and Colletotrichum species are among the major biotic factors limiting Welsh onion production in Taiwan. Owing to concerns about the environment and the development of pathogen resistance to existing fungicides, biological control using endophytes is emerging as an eco-friendly alternative to chemical control....

The world's population is increasing at a rate not seen in the past. Agriculture, providing food for this increasing population, is reaching its boundaries of space and natural resources. In addition, changing legislation and increased ecological awareness are forcing agriculture to reduce its environmental impact. This entails the replacement of a...

Aim. To study the metabolomic profile of bacterial strains of the genus Bacillus promising for the development of biofungicides using thin layer chromatography (TLC), bioautography and high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS). Materials and Methods. The objects of study are strains of bacteria of the genus Bacillus. E...

Biocontrol fungi for plant disease research Susanne Zeilinger, University Professor for Microbiology, underscores sustainable solutions for plant disease research, focusing on the power of biocontrol fungi. Plant diseases represent a significant threat to global food security and agricultural sustainability. Fungal pathogens, in particular, can cau...

Fibrous materials composed of core-sheath fibers from poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), beeswax (BW) and 5-nitro-8-hydroxyquinoline (NQ) were prepared via the self-organization of PEO and BW during the single-spinneret electrospinning of a homogeneous blend solution of the partners. Additionally, the application of the same approach enabled the preparati...

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de isolados de Trichoderma no controle de fungos fitopatogênicos de importância florestal. Os testes foram realizados com os fungos patogênicos Alternaria sp., Botrytis cinerea, Cylindrocladium candelabrum, Pestalotiopsis sp. e Sclerotium rolfsii. Foram utilizados isolados de Trichoderma spp. coleta...

The search for vegetable extracts for phytosanitary control has been expanded to find new active ingredients to control plant diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of the fixed constituents of Copaifera luetzelburgii, Croton zehntneri and Lippia lasiocalycina, at the concentrations of 2, 20, 200 and 2,000 μg mL⁻¹, on the percen...

Kosakonia cowanii strain Ch1 was isolated from Mexican chili powder, and the genome was sequenced. The genome was 4,765,544 bp in length, with an average G + C content of 56.22%, and a plasmid (pCh1) of 128,063 bp with an average G + C content of 52.50%. A phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relation with pathogenic strains; nevertheless, some v...

The Brussels sprout (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera) is a cruciferous vegetable with high health-promoting value and Mexico is one of the most valuable exporters worldwide (Data Mexico 2023). From September to November 2021, white mold symptoms (Rimmer et al. 2007) were observed in Brussels sprouts (cv. Confidant) fields in Tonatico, Estado de Mé...

Anthracnose, caused by hemibiotrophic Colletotrichum spp., is a destructive disease of legumes and many other crops worldwide. Colletotrichum spp. constitute one of the top 10 phytopathogenic fungi, infecting ~3,000 plant species, attacking food and forage legume crops at all growth stages; including seed, seedlings, young, and mature plants; with...

The main objectives of the present study include purification of the active Compounds from the medecinal mushroom, Ganoderma spp. for inhibiting the growth of the pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria tenuissima . The antifungal activity of the protein content separated by gel filtration chromatography for four strains of Ganoderma mus...

Mycoviruses are natural inhabitants of fungi and have been identified in almost all fungal taxonomic groups. Mycoviruses that infect phytopathogenic fungi are now becoming a hot research area due to their potential for the biocontrol of important plant pathogens. But, before considering a mycovirus for biocontrol, we should be fully aware of the ef...