Phytopathogenic Fungi - Science topic

BACKGROUND Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum and Rhizoctonia solani AG‐4 are the two most important fungal pathogens causing soil‐borne fungal diseases of cucumber; they are difficult to control and cause serious economic losses. Given the detrimental effects of the indiscriminate use of chemical fungicides, biocontrol emerges as an efficient a...

Objective: To determine the frequency of fungi associated with strawberry dry wilt and to evaluate the antagonistic impact of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis. Design/Methodology/Approach: Three sampling sessions were conducted in strawberry plantations in the Zamora Valley to isolate and identify fungi associated with strawberry dry wil...

Our study investigates the intra- and interpopulation diversity of phytopathogenic fungi, using Microdochium nivale as a model organism. A total of 136 strains, representing two populations, were collected from different winter cereal crops (rye, wheat, and triticale) across two agrocenoses. In these strains, we analyzed and compared genetic and ph...

Background Plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi had a wide impact on various crops and caused serious economic losses. Compared to traditional antibiotics and fungicides, alkaloids are noteworthy for their significant biological activities. Tetrahydrocarbazole (THCz) was widely present in many indole alkaloids and had various pharmacological activit...

BACKGROUND The potential application of vanillin as a fungicide has garnered significant attention in the agricultural product market and food industries. Consequently, a novel series of vanillin derivatives containing thiazole and hydrazone fragments were strategically designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their antifungal activity against six...

Hydroponic systems are examples of controlled environment agriculture (CEA) and present a promising alternative to traditional farming methods by increasing productivity, profitability, and sustainability. In hydroponic systems, crops are grown in the absence of soil and thus lack the native soil microbial community. This review focuses on fungi an...

The Parque Nacional La Campana (PNLC) was recently recognized for its high soil surface microbial richness. Here, we explored the microbial community structure in soil profiles from contrasting facing slopes where sclerophyllous forest (SF) and xerophytic shrubland (XS) develop. Soil physicochemical conditions (dry density, pH, and organic matter C...

Botrytis cinerea is the most important and most frequently isolated pathogen within the genus Botryotinia. This necrotroph is considered to be one of the most destructive pathogens in agriculture in greenhouses and in the field. In tomatoes, B. cinerea causes grey mould, with symptoms appearing on ripe fruit, but can also be spread to leaves and st...

Mucorales includes saprobic and facultative phytopathogenic fungi that cause soft rot in various fruits and vegetables. Among Mucorales, Rhizopus and Mucor are frequently reported associated with post-harvest losses and devaluation of agricultural products. The aim of this study was to identify and describe Mucorales species from fruits and vegetab...

Phytopathogens are causing global food security concerns, resulting in approximately 12.5% crop loss. These fungi significantly impact plant physiology, growth, and development. Traditional fungicides used for control are known to be harmful to both humans and the environment. Therefore, this study advocates an eco-friendly approach using biologica...

Fusarium wilt in eggplant caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. melongenae is a major devastating soil-borne disease on a worldwide scale. Effectors play important roles in the interactions in pathogen–plant interactions. Identifying effectors is essential for elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms of phytopathogenic fungi. In this study, bioinformatic pred...

The article presents the results of the control of hawthorn plantations in the nut-fruit zone of the Burchmullinsky forestry enterprise, Bostanlyk district, Tashkent region in order to identify the most common hawthorn diseases. Phenological observations of the development of the identified diseases on different vegetative parts of hawthorn are des...

Background Rice blast is a devastating disease caused by Magnaporthe grisea, and it is not well controlled globally. As a Traditional Chinese Medicine, Artemisia argyi has been proven to have inhibitory effects on a variety of phytopathogenic fungi. Here, we used bioactivity-guided isolation method and transcriptomics to clarify the antifungal acti...

Microorganisms and plants can produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) by mechanisms that either involve tryptophan or do not involve tryptophan. The control of Zone of inhibition (ZOI) ranged from 1.2 cm to 1.0 cm. A promising antagonistic isolate, Streptomyces sp. VSMKU1027, exhibited robust antagonistic activity against two significant soil-borne phyt...

In this study, the electrochemical coupling of nitrosoarenes with ammonium dinitramide is discovered, leading to the facile construction of the nitro-NNO-azoxy group, which represents an important motif in the design of energetic materials. Compared to known approaches to nitro-NNO-azoxy compounds involving two chemical steps (formation of azoxy gr...

Aims Infections with soil-borne pathogens have considerable detrimental effects on asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) growth and production, notably caused by the Fusarium species F. oxysporum f.sp. asparagi, F. proliferatum, and F. redolens. To get insight into the systemic effects of fungal infection on plant physiology to identify candidate resis...

A total of 49 species of aphyllophoroid fungi (Agaricomycetes) were recorded for the first time in Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District. The ranges expansion of phytopathogenic fungi associated with alien and native woody plants to the north, as well as the increase in the number of the wooden infrastructure destroyers, are discussed.

The study demonstrates the potential of forestry waste from Himachal Pradesh in biofuel production and biocontrol applications. Various forestry biomass were pretreated, yielding increased lignin and holocellulose content. The pretreated residues were used for nanoparticle synthesis and bioethanol production, with Bacillus strains producing cellula...

Crop diseases cause significant quality and yield losses to global crop products each year and are heavily controlled by chemicals along with very limited antibiotics composed of small molecules. However, these methods often result in environmental pollution and pest resistance, necessitating the development of new bio‐controlling products to mitig...

Objective: Essential oils (EO) from aromatic and medicinal plants (AMP) are considered a viable alternative for controlling phytopathogenic fungi of agronomic importance. This study evaluated the antifungal activity of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and rue (Ruta graveolens L.) essential oils against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc....

Purpose: The objective of this work aimed to assess the wood vinegar (WV) from the carbonization of Eucalyptus wood in the inhibition in vitro of Fusarium sp., Ganoderma sp., Macrophomina sp., and Sclerotium rolfsii. Method: WV was added to a culture medium and poured onto Petri dishes. After, the fungi were picked up in 1-mm disks and placed in th...

Dieback diseases are caused by Fomitiporia and Botryosphaeria two genus of fungi that colonize wood tissue in grapevine. After the prohibition of sodium arsenite in 2001, no chemical treatments are available to control these diseases. Curettage is a possible substitute solution. The results depend on many factors. The use of essential oils can be a...

Mycotoxicosis is a term used to describe a series of toxic conditions caused by the ingestion of food contaminated with the toxins of different saprophytic and phytopathogenic fungi and molds. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced naturally by filamentous fungi. They do not have any known metabolic function but are toxic to humans causing h...

Capparis spinosa L. is a Mediterranean shrub and one of the most important species of the gender Capparis due to its ecological, medicinal and economic importance. This species has strong adaptation characteristics to regions with fluctuating climates. This work aims to evaluate the effect of the locality’s climate and plant’s parts on the content...

Bark beetle-vectored phytopathogenic fungi can play critical roles in how beetle outbreaks affect the health of forest trees. However, trees can defend themselves against fungal infection. How Grosmannia abietina, a sym-biotic fungus of spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis), affects the health of mature hybrid white spruce (Picea engelmannii x gl...

This work describes the characterization of Trichoderma atroviride strain CMU-08, isolated from Michoacán, Mexico. CMU-08 demonstrated robust growth and conidiation across a temperature range from 16 to 32 °C and a pH range from 4 to 9 on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and malt extract agar (MEA) media. The strain is an efficient antagonist of six spec...

A botanical nanoemulsion (NE) comprised of cinnamaldehyde (from Cinnamomum cassia oil) and annonaceous acetogenin (AAs) (from Annona squamocin seeds extract) was fabricated using sonication. The nanoemulsion was tested for their in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity against Colletotrichum sp. and Fusarium oxysporum the disease-causal agents in f...

Phytopathogenic fungi are significant contributors to dieback in various plant hosts. During surveys in Tunisian forests, Pinus pinea trees were observed exhibiting symptoms such as dieback, leaf spot, necrosis, trunk cankers, and canopy wilt, though these occurrences remain underreported. This study aimed to identify the causal agents of P. pinea...

En los viveros de eucalipto las malezas y los hongos fitopatógenos pueden ingresar a través del sustrato contaminado y afectar la calidad de las plantas.Él objetivo de este trabajo fue probar alternativas para la desinfección del sustrato y evaluar la respuesta en la germinación y el crecimiento de plantines de Eucalyptus grandis en vivero.

Postharvest losses remain a significant challenge, particularly in developing countries that have inadequate infrastructure. Medicinal plants offer an eco-friendly and sustainable solution for managing diseases and pests in agricultural systems. These plants are rich in bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, and...

The fungi kingdom consists of a vast group of macro- and microscopic eukaryotic organisms characterised by a heterotrophic mode of nutrition and sexual and asexual forms of reproduction. Their history dating back millions of years attests to their remarkable capacity for adaptation, their diversity and their evolutionary plasticity. They encompass...

BACKGROUND The phytopathogenic genus Fusarium can cause damage such as root and stem rot in economically important crops, with significant implications. To seek a sustainable method for controlling this phytopathogen in seeds, the antifungal activity of essential oils (EOs) from thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and oregano (Origanum vulgare) was evaluated a...

Maize (Zea mays L.), an herbaceous plant of Poaceae family, is the staple food of many people in developing countries. However, this product, as all crops, suffers from several biotic constraints during post-harvest storage. Among these constraints, molds caused by phytopathogenic fungi are the most important. The present study aimed to contribute...

A three‐component reaction of 1,3‐diketones with H2O2 and alcohols was discovered. 3,5‐Dialkoxy‐1,2‐dioxolanes are formed in yields ranging from 13% to 83% using an excess of acids such as H2SO4, MeHSO3, p‐TsOH⋅H2O or BF3⋅Et2O. This reaction proceeds with the formation of 3,5‐dialkoxy‐1,2‐dioxolanes despite the diversity of possible reaction pathwa...

Elsinoë species are phytopathogenic fungi that cause serious scab diseases on economically important plants. The disease symptoms arise from the effects of a group of phytotoxins known as elsinochromes, produced via a type-I polyketide synthase (PKS) biosynthetic pathway. The elsinochrome gene cluster was first annotated in Elsinoë fawcettii where...

Rhizobial exopolysaccharides (EPS) may provide stabilization of membranes against external factors, as well as improved surface adhesion, but their role in interaction with legume and non-legume plants is still far from understanding. In this work, the transcriptional regulator RosR of Rhizobium ruizarguesonis, which regulates the synthesis of EPS,...

Since the domestication of plants, pathogenic fungi have consistently threatened crop production, evolving genetically to develop increased virulence under various selection pressures. Understanding their evolutionary trends is crucial for predicting and designing control measures against future disease outbreaks. This paper reviews the evolution o...

Fusarium head blight in wheat is mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum and results in significant economic losses. Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is ubiquitously produced across organisms and functions as a hydrogen carrier in energy metabolism. While UbiH in Escherichia coli serves as a hydroxylase in CoQ biosynthesis, its role in phytopathogenic fungi is not w...

Citation: Custódio FA, Pereira OL (2025). New treasures in Cordycipitaceae: Fungicolous fungi associated with Pseudocercospora fijiensis and P. musae in Brazil, including Matutinistella gen. nov. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 15: 133-152. Abstract: Cordycipitaceae is a large family belonging to the order Hypocreales, including cosmopolitan speci...

As principais doenças do maracujazeiro são causadas por microorganismos. O fungo Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn é um fungo fitopatogênico e na cultura do maracujá, este fungo é responsável pela queima foliar, causando sérios prejuízos ao seu cultivo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo buscar extratos bioativos de fungos endofíticos de noni (Morinda ci...

Phytopathogenic fungi are a group of organisms that cause diseases in plants through disturbances in their cellular metabolism. They have major impacts on agriculture, accounting for 8 - 40% of the losses in world agricultural production. Meanwhile, microalgae synthesize a wide variety of allelopathic chemicals and can be used for different biocida...

Chenopodium quinoa, globally recognized as quinoa, stands out as one of the cereals with the highest nutritional value native to the Americas. It is cultivated in the Andes Mountain range, and Colombia is no exception, with the Boyacá department emerging as a significant quinoa-producing region. The quinoa ecosystem harbors a rich array of microorg...

Recently, there has been a growing interest in the biocontrol activity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by microorganisms. This study specifically focuses on the effects of VOCs produced by the co-culture of Burkholderia vietnamiensis B418 and Trichoderma harzianum T11-W for the control of two phytopathogenic fungi, Botrytis cinerea an...

Stored maize is frequently attacked by different pests, such as insects and microorganisms. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bioactivities of sulcatone (6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one) against the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais and the phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium verticillioides, Aspergillus flavus, and A. parasiticus. Sulcatone showed...

The use of pesticides causes significant environmental problems, which drives the search for natural and non-toxic alternatives. In this study, a glycolipid biosurfactant (BS), produced by the yeast Starmerella bombicola ATCC 22214, was utilized as an active ingredient in natural agricultural defensive blends. The mixtures were tested for their fun...

ALIEN PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI ON WOODY PLANTS IN DONBASS: THE CURRENT STAGE OF RESEARCH I.V. Bondarenko-Borisova1, T.S. Bulgakov2 1Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Donetsk botanical garden» 2Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Science The publication presents the main results of the curr...

Some strains of Bacillus vallismortis have been reported to be efficient biocontrol agents against tomato pathogens. The aim of our study was to assess the biocontrol ability of the endophytic strain BL01 Bacillus vallismortis through in vitro and field trials, as well as to verify its plant colonization ability and analyze the bacterial genome in...

NEW ALIEN MYCOPATHOGENS POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS FOR WOOD PLANTINGS OF DONBASS I.V. Bondarenko-Borisova Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Donetsk botanical garden» The appearance of two phytopathogenic fungi in the Donbass is predicted: Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (T. Kowalski) Baral, Queloz & Hosoya (Ascomycota: Pezizomycotina: Leotiomycet...

The study identified phytopathogenic micromycetes common on fruit trees and shrubs. The article was prepared on the basis of mycological analysis of herbarium data collected during planned expeditions. They grow Cydonia oblonga, Malus Domestica, Vitis vinifera, Prunus cerasus, Prunus persica, Prunus Armeniaca, Prunus Domestica, Diospyros kaki, Elae...

In screening for natural-derived fungicides, a series of 32 novel tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives were designed and synthesized based on tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids. Their structures were verified by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, HRMS, and single X-ray crystal diffraction analysis. Most of the target products exhibited medium to excellent antifungal act...

Cyanobacteria synthesize secondary metabolites with antifungal activity, making them potential biopesticide agents for sustainable, eco-friendly agriculture. Programmes to identify Cyanobacterial strains with effective bioactivity generally screen strains maintained in culture collections. These strains are often monoclonal but non-axenic and this...

A significant global problem affecting muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) is fruit rot caused by phytopathogenic fungi, which results in unsaleable products and substantial financial losses. In 2022 and 2023, fruit rot on muskmelon was found during the postharvest storage period in Phayao Province of northern Thailand. The aim of the current study was to...

In this study, a collection of promising endophytic bacterial strains F. solani, R. solani, Aspergilus isolated from some halophyte and xerophyte plants. sp., Alternaria sp. the results of research on determining antifungal activity in vitro against phytopathogenic fungi such as The obtained information can serve to increase the variety of tools us...

Developing new fungicides to compensate for the deficiencies of existing fungicides resistance in phytopathogenic fungi is a research hotspot in the field of pesticides. Aiming to discover novel template small molecules with excellent antifungal activity, thirty-eight arylthiazolamine derivatives were synthesized through bromination, cyclization, h...

Alligator weed ( Alternanthera philoxeroides ), originally from South America, is a notorious semi‐aquatic invasive species in many countries, including India. Due to its amphibious nature, it not only damages the aquatic environment but is also detrimental to the terrestrial ecosystem. To seek an environmentally sound control option for alligator...

This study reported the synthesis and characterization of chitosan-copper nanoparticles (Ch-CuNPs) using a 1% copper sulfate solution in 0.2% w/v chitosan. The Ch-CuNPs, displaying a stable brick-red hue, showed an absorption peak at 572 nm, indicative of monodisperse nanoparticle formation and surface plasmon resonance. X-ray diffraction confirmed...

The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize actinobacteria from the rhizosphere of medicinal and aromatic plants, specifically lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), and oregano (Origanum vulgare L.). Rhizospheric soil samples revealed a high abundance of culturable actinobacteria (6.97–7.23 lo...

Managing plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi, such as anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species, is challenging. Different methods have been used to identify compounds with antibiotic properties. Trichoderma strains are a source of novel molecules with antifungal properties, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), whose productio...

Mikania micrantha is one of the most threatening invasive plant species in the world. Its invasion has greatly reduced the species diversity of the invaded areas. The development of fungal herbicides using phytopathogenic fungi has attracted considerable attention in recent years. In this study, a tissue isolation method was used to isolate and scr...

O aumento da demanda por métodos agrícolas sustentáveis requer alternativas ao uso de agroquímicos, como o biocontrole. Microrganismos como fungos do gênero Trichoderma destacam-se pela capacidade de promover o crescimento das plantas e atuar no controle de fitopatógenos. Esses fungos produzem enzimas hidrolíticas, como quitinases, proteases e gluc...