Phytochemistry - Science topic

Objectives The genus Cratoxylum contained medicinal herbs, which are widely distributed in South-East Asia and China. Plants of this genus were consumed as a vegetable side dish, a spice, an ingredient in soup, or a substitute for tea, as well as they are traditionally appropriate for various diseases such as fever, cough, flu, diarrhoea, etc. The...

Moringa oleifera Lam. is a pan-tropical plant well known to the ancient world for its extensive therapeutic benefits in the Ayurvedic and Unani medical systems. The ancient world was familiar with this tree, but it has only lately been rediscovered as a multifunctional species with a huge range of possible therapeutic applications. It is a folk rem...

This study evaluated the phytochemistry, male sexual function (MSF)-enhancing and toxicity potentials of aqueous root extract of G. erubescens (AREGE). For the MSF test, 30 rats were randomly divided into groups A, B, C, D, E and F, each group containing 5 rats. Group A represented the control and received only distilled water. Sexual dysfunction w...

Andrographis paniculata (King of Bitters), also known as Kalmegh, is a member of the Acanthaceae family. Andrographis paniculata is widely cultivated, and its relevance as a medicinal plant is expanding as evidence of its several therapeutic applications grows. Considering the plant's beneficial properties, it might be recommended as a safe and vit...

The complexity of secondary metabolites in different medicinal plants, including Tagetes minuta, defines the general properties and uses of the plant. Tagetes minuta is reportedly a valuable medicinal plant that has long been used as a spice herb, medicine, a natural herbicide for weeds, and pest control in agriculture. In this study, the secondary...

Ricinus communis Linn. is a rapidly growing perennial herb (aka Eranda or castor plant) that has long been used to cure a range of ailments in traditional medicine. An extensive search on its ethnomedicinal, phytochemistry, and pharmacotherapeutic potential is completed by meticulously examining information retrieved from Web of Science, PubMed, Sc...

Purpose: To undertake an overview of the potential pharmacological properties of Ficus benghalensisis. Methods: Data were acquired from several online sources, including Scopus, Elsevier Science Direct, PubMed, and Sci-Hub, using the keywords “Ficus benghalensis”, “medicinal plants”, “anti-oxidant”, “anti-inflammatory”, and “anti-cancer”. Results:...

This study focused on chemical profiling and assessed the total phenolic and flavonoid content as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial effect of the medicinal plant Berberis asiatica. The results revealed that this plant has high concentrations of TPC (Total phenol content) and TFC (Total flavonoid content) of 37.686 ± 2.728 mg GAE/g and 115.5...

Cucumis maderaspatanus L., commonly known as Madras Thorn or Maderaspatna cucumber, is a lesser-known plant species with significant botanical, ecological, and medicinal importance. This comprehensive review explores the taxonomic classification, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological review of Cucumis maderaspatanus. The taxonomy and morphology sectio...

Medicinal plants have been utilized for centuries and continue to be a global resource for healthcare. They offer a potentially safer and more cost-effective alternative to conventional pharmaceuticals, which can pose health risks and financial burdens, especially in low-income communities. This study investigated the antimicrobial properties of Pl...

Actinidia arguta (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch ex Miq. (A. arguta) is a highly valued vine plant belonging to the Actinidia lindl genus. It is extensively utilized for its edible and medicinal properties. The various parts of A. arguta serve diverse purposes. The fruit is rich in vitamins, amino acids, and vitamin C, making it a nutritious and flavorful...

Rural and tribal populace use different types of plants against tooth ache having less or no side effects. Keeping this in view, an attempt was made to gather the information on plants used in tooth problems by the local community of Similipal Biosphere Reserve (SBR) and its peripheral areas. Validation of the claims was done using phytochemistry a...

Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai is a perennial evergreen herb categorised within the Sarcandra Gardner genus under the Chloranthaceae family. Indigenous to tropical and subtropical regions of East Asia and India, this species is extensively distributed across China, particularly in the southern regions (Sichuan, Yunnan, and Jiangxi). In addition to...

Achillea millefolium L. herb and flowers have high biological activity; hence, they are used in medicine and cosmetics. The aim of this study was to perform morpho-anatomical analyses of the raw material, including secretory tissues, histochemical assays of the location of lipophilic compounds, and quantitative and qualitative analysis of essential...

The genus Amorphophallus belongs to the family Araceae. Plants belonging to this genus are available worldwide and have been used in traditional medicines since ancient times, mainly in Ayurveda and Unani medical practices. Amorphophallus species are an abundant source of polyphenolic compounds; these are accountable for their pharmacological prope...

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a Mediterranean plant that has been used in various countries for the treatment of various diseases in traditional medicine for many generations. These reported medicinal properties of pomegranate are mainly attributed to the presence of various phytochemical compounds in the plant. Scientific literature search w...

Kaempferia species have contained various crucial ethnobotanical features, and are being used as traditional folk medicines in some Southeast Asia. This review tends to highlight important information (phytochemistry, biosynthesis, synthesis, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics) of Kaempferia principal phytochemical classes diterpenoids and flavonoi...

Guilandinabonduc L. is popularly known as a fever nut that grows widely in evergreen forests and moist deciduous forests with a pantropical distribution. The plant is highly therapeutic in various systems of medicine, including Ayurveda, Siddha, and homeopathy. The purpose of this review is to analyze the published data on G. bonduc, including trad...

Canthium Lam. is a genus of flowering plants of the Rubiaceae family with about 80–102 species mainly distributed in Asia, tropical and subtropical Africa. The genus is closely related to Keetia E. Phillips and Psydrax Gaertn. and plants of this genus are used in folk medicine for treatment of diarrhea, worms, leucorrhoea, constipation, snake bites...

Abstract Background Despite significant advances in synthetic medicine, medicinal plants are still widely utilized to treat peptic ulcer disease. This study synthesized evidence on commonly used medicinal plants to manage peptic ulcer disease in Ethiopia. Methods The evidence was synthesized using electronic databases such as PubMed/Medline, Web of...

Laportea bulbifera (Sieb. et Zucc.) Wedd. (L. bulbifera) is a significant plant belonging to the Laportea genus. It has been traditionally used in ethnomedicine to treat various conditions such as rheumatic arthralgia, fractures, falling injuries, nephritis dropsy, limb numbness, pruritus, fatigue-induced internal imbalances, and irregular menstrua...

Since the earliest times, essential oils (EOs) have been utilized for medicinal and traditional purposes. However, in the past few recent decades, an increasing interest has developed due to the need to rediscover herbal remedies and adjuvant therapies for the management of various diseases, particularly chronic ones. The present narrative review e...

Ethnopharmacological relevance: The genus Alchemilla L. (lady's mantle) comprises 1000 species, of which more than 300 have been characterized from Europe. Notably, as folk medicines, Alchemilla species have long been prescribed for the treatment of dysmenorrhea, pruritus vulvae, menopausal complaints, and related diseases in women. This review sum...

Quercus species have been widely used in traditional medicine, and recently, researchers’ attention has focused on galls of the genus Quercus as a source of health-promoting phytochemicals. This review presents a summary of the most recent findings on the phytochemistry and bioactivity of oak galls, following the screening of scientific papers publ...

The leading cause of death worldwide has been identified as chronic illnesses, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Chronic inflammatory conditions such as asthma, cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and obesity account for three out of every five deaths. Although many people benefit from using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NS...

Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo, also known as Himalayan Marsh Orchid or Salam Panja, belongs to the Orchidaceae family. It is found in sub-alpine to alpine regions at 2500–5000 m above sea level. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the botany, phytochemistry, medicinal uses, toxicity, and conservation status of D. ha...

AJMAP is an international research journal that promotes the exchange of knowledge and research in the following areas: Natural products, Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Analytical & Processing Techniques, Biological Activity, Pharmacology & Toxicology Botany, Clinical Studies, Phytotherapy, Perfumery, Agronomy, Crops Marketing & Trade...

Plants are one of the primary sources of natural products for drug development. However, despite centuries of research, only a limited region of the phytochemical space has been studied. To understand the scope of what is explored versus unexplored in the phytochemical space, we begin by reconstructing the known chemical space of the plant kingdom,...

Background Panax japonicu s C.A. Meyer (Zhujieshen) is widely used in traditional medicine as a tonic hemostatic and anti-inflammatory agent in China, Japan, and Korea. Furthermore, it is used as an important substitute for ginseng roots by minority ethnic groups in China. The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest research on Zhujieshen...

Hippomarathrum scabrum L. is an endemic medicinal plant in Turkey; however, there have been few studies investigating the phytochemistry and biological properties of these plants has not been investigated. The aim of this work is to determine the chemical composition of different extracts (extracts obtained by using supercritical carbon dioxide ext...

This research paper delves into the realm of pharmacognosy and phy-tochemistry, offering an in-depth exploration of phytochemical properties. It investigates the diverse compounds found in plant sources, emphasizing their potential applications in healthcare and pharmaceuticals. The study employs advanced analytical methods to characterize and quan...

Plant-based phytochemicals are known for their potential sources of anti-inflammatory agents. Various studies reported the potential disease-healing efficiency of medicinal plants' crude extracts, pure compounds, and their metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (M/MONPs) against inflammation. The purpose of this paper is to review the current research sta...

This review summarizes information about the chemical composition and beneficial properties of species of the genus Eranthis Salisb. from the world's flora. To date, seven out of ~14 species found in Asia and parts of Europe have been studied to various degrees. Here, data are presented on the diversity of sets of chromones, furochromones, triterpe...

Plants have evolved a diverse arsenal of defensive secondary metabolites in their evolutionary arms race with insect herbivores. In addition to the bottom-up forces created by plant chemicals, herbivores face top-down pressure from natural enemies, such as predators, parasitoids and parasites. This has led to the evolution of specialist herbivores...

Plants are nature’s reserve for vitality and health-boosting agents. Despite ever-rising interest and research on plant medicinal chemistry, many stones are still being left unturned. Moreover, many traditional medicinal plants are yet to be discovered or functionally characterized. This study presented an up-to-date review of a poorly explored mem...

Achyranthes aspera, commonly known as "Prickly Chaff Flower," is a medicinal plant with significant ethnopharmacological importance, deeply rooted in various traditional healing systems worldwide. This comprehensive review paper aims to consolidate and analyze the existing scientific literature on Achyranthes aspera, focusing on its ethnopharmacolo...

Haemodorum coccineum, commonly known as scarlet bloodroot, is a plant native to New Guinea and the northern most parts of Australia. The highly coloured H. coccineum is used by communities in Larrakia country for dyeing garments and occasionally to treat snake bites. Previous studies into H. coccineum have focused on its taxonomic classification, w...

The use of traditional medicine in treating a variety of both human and animal infections is ancient and still relevant. This is due to the resistance exhibited by most pathogenic microbial stains to currently-used antibiotics. The current work reports the phytochemistry, ethno-medicinal uses, toxicology, and most important pharmacological activiti...

Secondary metabolites derived from plants have demonstrated significant biological activity and hold both edible and medicinal significance. These compounds play a crucial role in the development of pharmaceuticals, particularly in the context of inflammatory disorders and chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress. The objective of this stu...

Insect herbivores and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) often occur simultaneously on a host plant, altering plant morphological and biochemical traits and thereby not only affecting each other’s performance, but also plant interactions with subsequent above- or belowground herbivores. Here, we investigate the combined effects of AMF and above- an...

Laboratory Manual of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry II is designed for 'outcome-based education' and each experiment is arranged in a uniform way such as practical significance, practical outcomes (PrOs) and its mapping with course outcomes, theory, resources used, procedure, precautions, observations, result, conclusion, references, and synopsis...

Ethnopharmacological relevance Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. is a well-known perennial herb that is used in traditional medicine in China, Japan and Korea. It's drawing worldwide interests in medicinal applications owing such as anti-diarrhea, lipid-lowering, anti-tumor, anti-cough, expectorant, anti-gastric ulcer, etc. Aim of the study This re...

Capparis sepiaria (Capparaceae) is a plant used in African traditional medicine to treat psychiatic disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the anti-amnesic effect of aqueous lyophilisate of the root bark of Capparis sepiaria (C. sepiaria) on scopolamine-induced animal model of memory impairment using Swiss albino adult mice of both sexes. M...

The well-known medicinal plant milk thistle (Silybummarianum) has a long history of traditional use, and a growing body of scientific study is demonstrating its therapeutic potential. In-depth information about milk thistle's phytochemistry, pharmacology, and customary usage is provided in this review article. We explore the numerous phytochemicals...

Illicium verum Hook. F., also known as star anise, is one of the most important plants of the genus Anise in the family Magnoliaceae. I. verum not only has the functions of warming Yang, dispersing cold, regulating Qi and relieving pain but can also be used as a condiment to increase flavor as well as reconcile and remove fish smells. Currently, 20...

Cassia species have a long history of utilization in various traditional medicine systems worldwide, and they are widely consumed for medicinal purposes, particularly the officinal species. The aim of this review article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the Cassia genus. A t...

Bergenia purpurascens (B. purpurascens, Saxifragaceae) has been used to treat several diseases in different countries, such as lung diseases, stomach problems, rheumatic pains, boosting immunity etc. However, the information on phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of this plant has rarely been comprehensively and critically reported. This pa...

For the purpose of treating many illnesses, traditional medicine is based on mangrove plants that are derived from a number of secondary metabolites. The Rhizophora species of mangroves are known to be widespread on tropical waterways. Uncontrollable use of broad-spectrum antibiotics has been associated with a rise in the frequency of multidrug res...

Many traditional system of medicines highly consider khubazi (Malva sylvestris Linn.) for the therapeutic properties of its leaves, seeds, and roots. The plant grows in Punjab, Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Maharashtra, but it can be found throughout India's plains. Unani System of Medicine is one of the oldest system of medicine where th...

Essential oils (EOs) from Indian spices like Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton (small green cardamom), Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry (clove), Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (cinnamon quills), and Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) T. Nees & C. H. Eberm (Indian bay leaves) exhibit a broad spectrum range of biological activity including antibact...

Bryophytes are one of the main resources for bird nest construction; however, studies are limited and have been oriented to preliminary species lists. We evaluated for the first time in Ecuador the changes in the richness and composition of bryophytes in 17 nests of the species Myadestes ralloides and Catharus fuscater, of the family Turdidae. The...

The genus Clerodendrum consist of flowering plants, which was once classified as a member of the Verbenaceae family, was recently classified as a member of the Lamiaceae family. Various species of this genus have been generally used for treating several ailments and disorders as well as ornamental plants. Secondary metabolites found in abundance in...

Viola L. is the largest genus of the Violaceae family with more than 500 species across the globe. The present extensive literature survey revealed Viola species to be a group of important nutritional and medicinal plants used for the ethnomedicinal treatment of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, asthma, lung diseases, and fatigue. M...

The extracts of Aquilaria crassna pericarp were investigated on the MDA-MB-468, a breast cancer cell line, at desired concentration (1–50 μg/mL). The results showed that the dichloromethane (DCM) extract exhibited the strongest toxicity and was carried out subsequently. A total of nine compounds were isolated from the DCM extract using column chrom...

Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim (ZBM) belongs to Rutaceae family and has been used as traditional spice and herb for hundreds of years in China. Accumulating evidence suggests a series of pharmacological effects associated with ZBM. This review aims to provide a systematic analysis of the composition, structural properties, pharmacology, and pharmacoki...

With both antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant bacteria, the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts and phytochemicals was assessed. The activity of leaves of Lantana camara was found by using two different solvents i.e. petroleum ether, and ethanol. Lantana camara is a traditional medicinal plant that was determined against two bacterial strain...

Therapeutic plants are of extraordinary worth in the field of treatment and fix of infections. Throughout the long term, logical examination has extended our insight into the compound constituents of the therapeutic plants, which decide the restorative properties. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the progress of modern research, and provid...

Mentha longifolia is an aromatic and medicinal herb extensively found in China, India, Egypt, Turkey, Iran, Europe, North Africa and the Mediterranean region. It is a popular folk remedy used in various traditional system of medicine. Phytochemical analysis of M. longifolia revealed the presence of a plethora of compounds that represents different...

Ashwagandha, also known as Withania somnifera (WS), is an ayurvedic botanical plant with numerous applications in dietary supplements and traditional medicines worldwide. Due to the restorative qualities of its roots, WS has potent therapeutic value in traditional Indian (Ayurvedic, Unani, Siddha) and modern medicine recognized as the “Indian ginse...

Kaempferia galanga Linn is an endangered medicinal plant that contains high value essentials. This plant belongs to the Zingiberaceae family and is used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, as well as food. This paper aims to review the research progress on K. galanga Linn, particularly on the phytochemistry and extraction process of this plant, inclu...

Purpose With the aim of proposing an effective and accessible alternative for small ruminant gastrointestinal parasitosis control, the in vitro anthelmintic activity of Euphorbia hirta on Haemonchus contortus biology was evaluated. Methods Aqueous extracts were used to determine phytochemistry and for the biological tests of adult worm mortality a...

Plants have been vital to human survival for aeons, especially for their unique medicinal properties. Trees of the Eucalyptus genus are well known for their medicinal properties; however, little is known of the ethnopharmacology and bioactivities of their close relatives in the Corymbia genus. Given the current lack of widespread knowledge of the C...

Cancer is one of the main causes of death globally and a serious public health problem. One in every six mortalities worldwide is caused by cancer. Several chemotherapeutic medications are used to treat cancer without any selectivity, which has long-lasting negative consequences. Nigerian Medicinal Plants (NMPs) have been used in traditional and fo...

Plants have been used since the earliest times to manage various diseases, and many of these plants are being used as conventional remedies for various disorders today. Biologically active ingredients isolated from medicinal plants and extracts are receiving a lot of attention these days, partly because modern-day medication has a lot of side effec...

Pongamia pinnata (L) is one of many plants which possess various medicinal properties, and its chemical constituents have been used for the prevention and treatment of various human diseases in many countries as traditional medicine. It contains a wide range of phytoconstituents and has a wide range of pharmacological effects. It contains glycoside...

Background Clausena indica (Dalzell) Oliv. belongs to Rutaceae family and it is native to South and South-East Asia. The plant is used in the traditional medicine to treat malaria, rheumatism, bone fracture etc. Objective In the present review, the previous reports on C. indica concerning its ethnobotanical uses, morphological description, eco-geo...

This work studies the chemical composition of the leaves of the plant species Annona exsucca DC. Through phytochemical tests and analysis by high efficiency liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization source (LC-ESI-IT-MS/MS) and ion trap type analyzer in addition to direct infusion experiments (FIA-ESI- IT-MS) i...

South Africa is rich in diverse medicinal plants, and it is reported to have over 35% of the global Helichrysum species, many of which are utilized in traditional medicine. Various phytochemical studies have offered valuable insights into the chemistry of Helichrysum plants, hinting at bioactive components that define the medicinal properties of th...