Physiological Adaptation - Science topic

" In stark contrast to classical theory, the total heritable variance in a trait can be larger than the phenotypic variance in the trait, Var(TBV) > Var(P)..... In that case, a population contains a heritable variance which is greater than the observed phenotypic variance. Social interactions, therefore, result in hidden heritable variation ".( In book : Julius van der Werf et al. 2009 Adaptation and Fitness in Animal Populations - Page 116 )

Can Piter Bijama's sentence in the book be interpreted in this way: If in the formula heritability, genetic variance is greater than phenotypic variance, the heritability would be greater than one.!

Hello everyone

Please, based on the research and experience you have gained, please answer the following question.

"What are the best modalities for low and high -both- physiological responses to resistance training in rats?"

Thank you

Adaptations correspond to physiological ranges (reaction norms, somatic adaptations). According to the theory of facilitated variation, such dynamic physiological restorations of the phenotype in response of variable environmental conditions are the outcome of genetic constraints (e.g. plasticity and robustness of developmental pathways). Therefore, when somatic adaptation occurs, exposing the phenotype to different selective conditions, physiological ranges can be "easily" shifted (i.e. their evolutionary shift is facilitated) by mutation, or genetic reassortments from the existing variability in the population (Baldwinian evolution). In other words, one of the key characteristics of adaptations would be their evolvability, or to say this with the words of Gould and Vrba (1982), "cooptability for fitness". Evolvability can thus be strongly conserved at the level of core molecular processes. Adaptations would then be selected to be both physiologically adaptable, i.e. to function in "a range of ways" in response to changed conditions ("dynamic restoration" or somatic adaptation), and to be evolvable. In other words, the "cooptability for fitness" would be under selection.

In my view, this idea implies that all adaptations at the organismal level should be partly selected to be "preaptations" (sensu Gould and Vrba 1982, Paleobiology), i.e. structures that retain the potential to enhance fitness (adaptive function) in variable conditions. Gould (2002, the structure of evolutionary theory) suggested that this selection should act at higher hierarchical level (species selection). However, the fact that adaptations that are selected in specific conditions are also selected to be physiologically modifiable, or to function in “a range of ways”, would make them likely to have fitness-increasing effects (aptations) that are not those they were selected for during their historical genesis, i.e. to become exaptations. Could this be a bet-hedging strategy also selected at organismal level?

That is, exaptations would also have a non-random origin (contra Gould & Vrba 1982), while this does not rule out the possibility of non-aptations as a possible source of exaptations. In this scenario, exaptations from nonaptations (spandrels s.s.) would be less frequent than exaptations from previous adaptations. Note also that the measurable adaptations are a subset of the extant ones, due to the overall scarcity of available historical data.

I will often modify my comments.

I would expect my negative control not to produce bands as there is no DNA to migrate towards the anode. However, the components of the negative control includes the loading which like DNA has a negative charge, will it not migrate towards the anodes producing bands as well?

I will be assessing the production of carbon dioxide in Puff Adders, and am trying my best to avoid glass or plexiglass. Are there any suitable ones? Many of the papers I have read typically leave out the specific details of what their respirometer chambers were made from.

Many athletes become injured early on in their introduction to a sport do to total immersion of the activities without the time needed to physiologically adapt to the stresses caused by the particular sport they have chosen to participate in. Bone remodeling is essential to the sport of running and many other sports that need structural reinforcement by the musculoskeletal system. Long term injuries can develop due to adverse events at an early age. Health/wellness is in a nurse's interest for their clients.

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum is a prostrate succulent plant native to Africa, Sinai and southern Europe, and naturalized in North America, South America and Australia. I need the detailed internal processes behind the physiological adaptations seen in it.

Overbreathing resulting in Hypocapnia - reduced carbon dioxide in the body and out breath - accompanies threat. When threat is prolonged it results in the individual moving beyond their tolerance or anxiety and resulting fight, flight or fold responses. 

Reducing CO₂ tightens arterioles resulting in the shunting of blood into large arteries, enabling the flight response to proceed. Similar physiological mechanisms move blood supply away from the cerebral cortex to the deep mid-bearing areas controlling emotions.

These are adapted responses and accompanied - if threat is prolonged - by respiratory alkalosis (Henderson - Hasselbalcht equation) and via the Bohr Effect a reduction of available oxygen to tissues which affects limbic system regulation via autonomic, HPA, axis, immune, and neuro-peptide mechanisms.  

How robust and consistent has the effects of Hypocapnia been in preparing us to respond to threat? 

Looking to know how important it is to identify the dominant or non dominant leg in muscle biopsy and protein expression. Will appreciate very much your help and guide. Best Wishes.

Interesting!

Do you think the difference in effect sizes between cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses may point to underlying adaptation processes?

Not only vultures, ostriches and many other birds that live in hot habitats also have dark feathers. Considering their extremely hot habitat and there are not many objects with such a dark color, why do they have black feathers?

Black colors can absorb sunlight better than other colors so that it can increase body temperature (like in penguins). Besides that, it's hard to camouflage since black color is easily seen in their habitats, which mostly light-brown colored.

While recording skin temperatures from the medial anterior thigh/upper arm, increases in skin temperature were associated with orthostatic instability during LBNP exposure. How much pooled blood is needed to raise skin surface temperature by 0.5 degrees Celsius for example? Can you in fact determine venous pooling or vasomotor activity via skin temperature readings? Does anyone have any experience with this method? Is there a blood heat flux formula that anyone has used?

We know that an organism or species can adapt to environmental change or a novel environment. But this can happen due to one or a combination of several adaptive mechanisms. What are these mechanisms and what do we know them as? My current classification, based on reviewed literature, is genetics (evolution by natural selection), phenotypic plasticity, and behavioral adaptation.

Dear Researchers,

I wish to know who the first in life.. whether male or female ?

I feel that males are adaptive form of females, where the males possess some of the female characters like chest and nipples. But how extend it can be evident that the males are adoptive form of females or vise-versa.

I read some articles concerning the "Kamp activity", usually 7 or 10 days, with specific results. What about your experience?