Physical Metallurgy - Science topic

The geometry of glide was studied on a macroscopic scale. The geometrical results on this scale are adequately described by the model of blocks of crystal sliding over one another rigidly. However, when glide occurs in a real crystal, all the atoms above the slip plane do not move simultaneously over those below. At any given time some of the atoms...

The cryogenic processing of materials is an intriguing topic that has attracted attention over the past 80 years with the promise of a possible, often unexplained, improvement in the mechanical properties and performance of materials as a result of its application. A scientifically superficial treatment of the subject has fostered the establishment...

Steels with medium manganese (Mn) content (3∼12 wt-%) have emerged as a new alloy class and received considerable attention during the last decade. The microstructure and mechanical response of such alloys show significant differences from those of established steel grades, especially pertaining to the microstructural variety that can be tuned and...

Dislocations have been subject to theoretical study for some 60 years, starting with the investigations reported by Volterra. In the last 20 years there has been a steady increase in sophistication of dislocation theory from the early almost intuitive models to current theories, which range over a large portion of continuum mechanics and solid stat...

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies and advances made globally in medicine, construction, aerospace, and energy sectors are discussed. The paper further explores the current state of AM innovation and development landscape in Africa as a late comer to this area of smart manufacturing. Peer-reviewed and published literature were retrieved from...

Weld solidification cracking occurs preferentially along SGBs and, occasionally, subgrain boundaries in the fusion zone. Weld solidification cracking is a phenomenon that has been the subject of considerable study, in a wide variety of engineering alloys, over the past 40 years. Despite the large body of information currently available concerning w...

A highly active interface is extremely critical for the catalytic efficiency of an electrocatalyst, however, facilely tailoring its atomic packing characteristics remains challenging. Herein, we report a simple yet effective strategy to obtain copious high‐energy atomic steps at the interface via controlling the solidification behavior of glass‐for...

This study examined the interface microstructure that developed between 63Sn-37Pb (Sn-Pb) solder and the Au protective layer that was not fully consumed during the soldering process. This scenario leads to a Au interface embrittlement failure mode that places at risk high-reliability electronics using the eutectic Sn-Pb solder and Au protective fin...

The enhancement of both low-temperature impact toughness and the hardness of a high strength steel heat-affected zone (HAZ) is investigated by using high-density electropulsing (EP). The athermal and thermal effects of EP on HAZ microstructure and resultant mechanical properties were examined based on physical metallurgy by electron backscattered d...

O e-Book "Materiais metálicos: Composição, fabricação, propriedades e desempenho" traz uma coletânea de 26 capítulos e aborda a relação entre as fundamentações teóricas (revisões) e suas aplicações e relações com a formação nas engenharias. O e-Book, no formato PDF, tem o acesso e a distribuição livres (gratuito) e é destinado para os profissionai...

This paper presents the relationship between the chemical composition and size of steel balls, the parameters of the nitriding process, and their magnetic properties, defined in this study by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and SQUID. Balls made from AISI 1010 and AISI 52100 steels, with diameters of 2.5 and 3 mm, respectively, were investigated. On...

Uranium metallic alloys are prominent candidates for the next generation of nuclear fuels in some reactor projects. Alloying elements, such as Nb and Zr, are added to improve the stability of the body-centered cubic phase of U (γ-U), but many aspects of the physical metallurgy of these alloys are still to be understood. Present work investigates th...

A micro-macro model based on deterministic continuum mechanics and the modified source term method has been used to study the solidification problems involving binary Al-4.0 wt% Cu eutectic system. The model is further tested with other equiaxed eutectic binary aluminium alloys that include Al-3.0 wt% Si, Al-6.0 wt% Mg and Al-3.0 wt% Zn. All the he...

Carbon neutrality of the steel industry requires the development of high-strength steel. The mechanical properties of low-alloy steel can be considerably improved at a low cost by adding a small amount of titanium (Ti) element, namely Ti microalloying, whose performance is related to Ti-contained second phase particles including inclusions and prec...

Achieving a porous architecture with multiple‐length scales and utilizing the synergetic effects of multicomponent chemicals bring up new opportunities for further improving the electrocatalytic performance of nanocatalysts. Herein, the synthesis of a self‐supported hierarchical porous electrocatalyst based on a high‐entropy alloy (HEA) containing...

Compared with traditional alloys with one principal component up to 40–90%, multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) were born in the complicated intermingling of traditional and non-traditional physical metallurgy, and brings us a great amount of excellent performances. Here, we would briefly summarize the potential applications in some key areas, w...

Interdisciplinary research groups are interested in corrosion because it combines materials science, chemistry, physics, metallurgy, and chemical engineering. Corrosion is caused by the chemical and electrochemical action of an environment on metals and alloys. The consequences are severe in a variety of fields, particularly industry: production ha...

A metalurgia física é um dos ramos mais recentes da metalurgia. Enquanto a metalurgia extrativa e o refino de metais são milenares, a metalurgia física na sua configuração contemporânea (centralidade na microestrutura e propriedades dos materiais metálicos) tem pouco mais de 100 anos. Se por um lado, a idade dos metais corresponde ao último período...

As H13 steel is a common material for cutters of Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM), the research on surfacing remanufacturing performance is of great value. In this paper, the phase composition of the surfacing layer of H13 steel after gas metal arc welding (GMAW) was analyzed by exploring the precipitation of hard phase in the molten pool, and the micro...

The study of solidification microstructures is of ever-increasing importance in the field of engineering since the properties of most alloys, whether cast, forged, welded or rapidly solidified, will depend to a large extent upon the degree of control which can be exercised during solidification. Furthermore, various new solidification processes sh...

While there exists in nature abundant examples of materials with site-specific gradients in microstructures and properties, engineers and designers have traditionally used monolithic materials with discrete properties. Now, however, additive manufacturing (AM) offers the possibility of creating structures that mimic some aspects of nature. One exam...

Owing to the world population aging, biomedical materials, such as shape memory alloys (SMAs) have attracted much attention. The biocompatible Ti-Au-Ta SMAs, which also possess high X-ray contrast for the applications like guidewire utilized in surgery, were studied in this work. The alloys were successfully prepared by physical metallurgy techniqu...

Based on the need to fabricate new or modified materials that possess demanding mechanical and wear properties that are needed for operation in extreme environmental conditions, it is necessary to understand the fundamentals of such materials based on their physical metallurgy and fabrication techniques to match up with industrial growth. The uniqu...

Precipitation strengthening has been the basis of physical metallurgy since more than 100 years owing to its excellent strengthening effects. This approach generally employs coherent and nano-sized precipitates, as incoherent precipitates energetically become coarse due to their incompatibility with matrix and provide a negligible strengthening eff...

Aluminium alloys are widely used in many industries due to their high strength-to-weight ratios and resistance to corrosion. Due to their specific thermophysical properties and intricate physical metallurgy, these alloys are challenging to weld. Work-hardened alloys may experience strength loss in heat-affected zones (HAZ). The strength of precipit...

A short historical review of stages of formation of the G. V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics (N.A.S. of Ukraine) in connection with its 75th anniversary is presented. (According to both the decree of the Council of Peoples Commissars of the Ukrainian S.S.R. of 15 November, 1945 and the decision of Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the...

This study aimed to look into Turkish learners’ examples of success and failure, and attributions to their perceived achievements and failures in learning English as a foreign language. Data were collected from 41 students majoring in physics, metallurgy engineering and paramedics at a public university in Turkey. An open-ended questionnaire was tr...

Materials innovation calls for an integrated framework combining physics-based modelling and data-driven informatics. A dislocation-based constitutive model accounting for both transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) and twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) was built to interpret the mechanical characteristics of metastable titanium alloys. Particul...

Selective laser melting (SLM) is rapidly evolving to become a mainstream technology. However, the fundamental mechanisms of solidification and microstructure development inherent to the non-equilibrium conditions of this additive manufacturing method, which differ largely from those typical of conventional processing techniques, remain widely unkno...

The classic paradigm of physical metallurgy is that the addition of alloying elements to metals increases their strength. It is less known if the solution-hardening can occur in nano-scale objects, and it is totally unknown how alloying can impact the strength of defect-free faceted nanoparticles. Purely metallic defect-free nanoparticles exhibit a...

The study of diffusion processes is relevant in various fields: chemistry, physics, metallurgy, medicine, and others. The paper considers and solves the problem of diffusion of charged particles under the action of an electromagnetic field in a semi-infinite thin tube. The mathematical formulation is a boundary value problem for an inhomogeneous pa...

Preface As when I was a co-organizer of Ni-Co 2013, the Markets, Mineral Processing, Extractive Metallurgy, Recycling and Physical Metallurgy of Nickel and Cobalt have been a focus of activity for both TMS EPD and MetSoc of CIM. As such, these two metals have evolved significantly since ancient times. Then, they were both named after unidentifiable...

The classic paradigm of physical metallurgy is that the addition of alloying elements to metals increases their strength. It is less known if the solution-hardening can occur in nano-scale objects, and it is totally unknown how alloying can impact the strength of defect-free faceted nanoparticles. Purely metallic defect-free nanoparticles exhibit a...

Stacking fault energy (SFE) plays an important role in deformation mechanisms and mechanical properties of face-centered cubic (fcc) metals and alloys. In many concentrated fcc alloys, the SFEs determined from density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental methods are found having opposite signs. Here, we show that the negative SFE b...

The ability to watch the three-dimensional (3D) evolution of structural materials is a breakthrough in non-destructive characterization. In particular, X-ray tomographic imaging techniques have found success in revealing the underlying mechanisms of microstructural transformations in partially and fully solidified metals. Here we review the most im...

In metals additive manufacturing (AM), materials and components are concurrently made in a single process as layers of metal are fabricated on top of each other in the near-final topology required for the end-use product. Consequently, tens to hundreds of materials and part design degrees of freedom must be simultaneously controlled and understood;...

The article is an homage to professor Marcelino Torralba, former Physical Metallurgy department head at CENIM (CSIC)

The structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of perovskite molybdates are a topic of frequent study in materials science. In this study, the influence of Mg doping on the physical metallurgy of perovskite molybdates is investigated using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simu...

Semi-continuously cast AlSi12 alloy was investigated by our research group at the University of Miskolc in the Institute of Physical Metallurgy, Metalforming and Nanotechnology under laboratory condition. Our goal was to define correlation and tendency between casting parameters and solidified microstructures. The examined alloy is used as filler m...

The multi-principal-component concept of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) generates numerous new alloys, among them, nanoscale precipitated HEAs have achieved superior mechanical properties and shown the potentials for structural applications. However, it is still a great challenge to find the optimal alloy within the numerous candidates. Up to now, the...

In modern materials science, solid-state physics is a multidisciplinary field that describes the advancements in physics, chemistry, and material engineering. Solidstate physics deals with the behavior of solid matters in terms of physical metallurgy, quantum mechanism, crystallography, and electromagnetism. The concept of solid-state physics is cu...

Stacking fault energy (SFE) plays an important role in deformation mechanisms and mechanical properties of face-centered cubic (fcc) metals and alloys. In metastable fcc alloys, the SFEs determined from density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental methods often have opposite signs. Here, we show that the negative SFE by DFT reflect...

High entropy alloys have attracted much interest over the last 16 years due to their promising an unusual properties in different fields that offer many new possible application. Additionally, additive manufacturing has drawn attention due to its versatility and flexibility ahead of a new material challenge, being a suitable technology for the deve...

In metals additive manufacturing (AM), materials and components are concurrently made in a single process as layers of metal are fabricated on top of each other in the near-final topology required for the end-use product. Consequently, tens to hundreds of materials and part design degrees of freedom must be simultaneously controlled and understood;...

The paper reviews the events that led to the understanding of the recrystallisation of metals throughout history, covering the timeline from 3500 BC until the 1950s and dealing mainly with the misconceptions related to the "recrystallisation" and "amorphisation". This history begins with the thermomechanical processing of native metals in pre-Colum...

Ppt reiews the superalloys , their physical metallurgy and processing

Presentation is an overview of superalloys physical metallurgy and their processing

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has been considered as a promising technology for the production of large metallic structures with high deposition rates and low cost. Stainless steels are widely applied due to good mechanical properties and excellent corrosion resistance. This paper reviews the current status of stainless steel WAAM, coverin...

Opening - Group Leader Position: Sustainable Metallurgical Synthesis Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Germany Your tasks The successful candidate is expected to build up a creative and internationally competitive initiative with academic excellence and strong 3rd party funding. Excellent metallurgical equipment and a team of technicians a...

The field of physical metallurgy is one of the primary beacons that guide alloy developments for multipurpose materials such as the in-core structure materials for pressure vessel components and heat exchangers. The surface microstructure of new ferritic steel with significant local constituent materials was characterized by high resolution powder...

Some aspects of deformation, precipitation, and recrystallization behavior in medium carbon V-microalloyed and low carbon Nb/Ti-microalloyed steels are presented in the paper. Changes in microstructure are explained together with methods of quantification. The temperature of No-recrystallization (Tnr) is defined as a milestone to show the onset of...

The paper employs an ELV-6 accelerator to surface low-carbon steel with a tungsten carbide powder thus obtaining steel coatings with high hardness but low wear resistance. The abrasive wear resistance is considerably increased by changing the composition of the surfacing mixture due to the introduction of nickel as an austenite stabilizer and titan...

The analysis of structure, phase compositions and mechanical properties of the surface layer of Al–11Si–2Cu hypoeutectic aluminium alloy subjected to the complex treatment including the electroexplosion alloying followed by electron beam processing was carried out by the methods of modern physical metallurgy. A stronger material, namely, Y2O3 yttri...

The development of materials with advanced or new properties has been the primary aim of materials scientists for past centuries [...]

Elastocaloric cooling, which exploits the latent heat released and absorbed as stress-induced phase transformations are reversibly cycled in shape memory alloys, has recently emerged as a frontrunner in non-vapor-compression cooling technologies. The intrinsically high thermodynamic efficiency of elastocaloric materials is limited only by work hyst...

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) attract growing interest due to their remarkable properties. However, our knowledge of the mechanism of phase stability of HEAs is still very limited. Herein, CoCrFeNixAl1-x (x = 0.5 and 0.75) were compressed to high pressures to investigate the lattice distortion effect on their phase stability. It was discovered that bo...

material engineering

Non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) occur typically in low or very low volume fractions (from 10−2 in a high oxygen weld deposit to 10−5 in very clean bearing steels) but play an important role in many properties of steel. NMIs play a decisive role in processes involving ductile fracture, fatigue and corrosion, for instance. These are some of the proper...

Overview of the current advances in lead-free solder, with highlighting the effects of various alloying elements is discussed in this paper. Also discussed is nanoparticle additions in solder alloy, as new prospects for innovative ways to enhance solder strength and reliability. Developing a high strength solder not containing lead is a challenging...

Although high-entropy alloys (HEAs) are attracting interest, the physical metallurgical mechanisms related to their properties have mostly not been clarified, and this limits wider industrial applications, in addition to the high alloy costs. We clarify the physical metallurgical reasons for the materials phenomena (sluggish diffusion and micro-twi...

As a classical structural phase transformation with a long history in physical metallurgy, the face-centered cubic (fcc) to body-centered cubic/tetragonal (bcc/bct) martensitic transformation in steels is one of the most studied crystal structure changes induced by either temperature or stress. However, it has yet to be realized that besides the we...

This paper is to discuss the principle of fatigue crack length behaviour. The fatigue testing method was done at Physical Metallurgy Lab of Research & Development Centre for Iron and Steel (RDCIS), SAIL, Ranchi to know the utilization of fatigue properties of RAIL STEELS. Samples were produced by SAIL at Bhilai Steel Plant. In addition to the fatig...

The design of new metallic alloys is faced with the challenge of an increasing complexity of the alloys composition, processing and resulting microstructures necessary to answer to multiple property targets, together with a requirement that the design stage be faster and less expensive. This paper shows that combinatorial methods, combining numeric...