Physical Fitness - Science topic

-Developing Microvid Instructional Material to Enhance Students' Critical Thinking Skills in Physical Fitness

-Tailoring Micro-Video Instructional Material to Enhance Critical Thinking Skills in Physical Fitness Education

-Using Microvids as an Instructional Tool to Strengthen Students' Critical Thinking in Physical Fitness

Yes, boys have better physical fitness than girls because of their natural body structure and more physical exertion than girls.

Preventing overtraining in professional athletes requires a multifaceted approach that addresses both physical and mental aspects of their training regimen. Firstly, periodization, a systematic planning of training cycles, helps manage intensity and volume, allowing for periods of rest and recovery. Coaches must tailor programs to individual athletes, considering their fitness levels, injury history, and response to training stress. Monitoring tools, such as heart rate variability and subjective wellness assessments, aid in early detection of fatigue, enabling timely adjustments to the training plan. Additionally, incorporating sufficient rest days and active recovery sessions into the schedule is crucial to prevent cumulative fatigue.

The excessive hours of physical training in professional athletes are driven by the pursuit of optimal performance. Rigorous training enhances cardiovascular fitness, strength, agility, and skill mastery, crucial for excelling in competitive sports. It also builds mental resilience, fostering focus and determination. However, striking a balance is essential to avoid the detrimental effects of overtraining, such as decreased performance, increased injury risk, and mental burnout. Therefore, a holistic approach that integrates smart training, regular monitoring, and adequate recovery is imperative to sustain long-term athletic success while safeguarding the athlete's well-being.

Physical fitness in young people is of paramount importance as it lays the foundation for a healthy and active lifestyle throughout their lives. Regular physical activity not only helps in the development of strong muscles and bones but also contributes to overall well-being. It plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy weight, reducing the risk of chronic diseases, and promoting mental health.

Engaging in sports or other physical activities fosters teamwork, discipline, and resilience in young individuals. It also provides an avenue for stress relief and improves cognitive functions. Additionally, establishing healthy habits early in life increases the likelihood of their continuation into adulthood.

In the modern age, where sedentary lifestyles and screen time are prevalent, promoting physical fitness in young people is a countermeasure against the rising rates of obesity and related health issues. Encouraging diverse physical activities ensures that individuals find enjoyable ways to stay active, making it more likely for them to maintain a fitness routine.

Felix Sempf Unfortunately, i do not have some of the equipment needed for the study. Gas analyser is a major equipment and its not available here

That is a great idea! Tofu is a very affordable and nutritious food that can be a great source of protein for children in impoverished countries. Social enterprises are a great way to address social and environmental problems while also being profitable. They can use their profits to reinvest in their mission and expand their reach.

There are a few challenges that would need to be addressed in order to establish social enterprises to sell tofu to impoverished countries. One challenge is the cost of transportation. Tofu is a delicate food that needs to be transported carefully, which can be expensive. Another challenge is the lack of infrastructure in some impoverished countries. This can make it difficult to store and distribute tofu effectively.

Despite these challenges, there are a few things that can be done to make this idea a reality. One is to partner with local organizations in impoverished countries. These organizations can help with transportation and distribution, as well as with marketing and promotion. Another is to use technology to reduce costs and improve efficiency. For example, social enterprises can use online platforms to sell tofu directly to consumers.

I think that establishing social enterprises to sell tofu to impoverished countries is a great way to improve the physical fitness of poor children. It is a sustainable and scalable solution that can have a positive impact on the lives of many people.

Here are some specific examples of how social enterprises could be used to sell tofu to impoverished countries:

* A social enterprise could partner with local farmers to grow soybeans and produce tofu. The social enterprise could then sell the tofu to schools, hospitals, and other institutions in impoverished countries at a discounted price.

* A social enterprise could develop a mobile app that allows consumers to order tofu online. The app could also provide information about the nutritional benefits of tofu and how to cook it.

* A social enterprise could set up tofu kiosks in impoverished communities. The kiosks could sell tofu at a discounted price to residents.

I believe that social enterprises have the potential to make a real difference in the lives of poor children in impoverished countries. By providing access to affordable and nutritious food, social enterprises can help to improve the physical fitness and overall health of children.

U use national physical fitness awards

Ask Biostatistian

In regards to anthropometrics you could measure height, weight, body composition, upper/lower limbs length. You could also classify players by body type.

For physical fitness parameters I would suggest doing some tests on maximal strength, power, speed, muscular endurance, and cardiovascular endurance.

For skills, each player will be proficient in a particular skill according to their role on the court, make sure to account for that. You could probably create a set of basketball specific drills, maybe 3, highlighting dexterity with the ball, dribbling skills, and or shooting skills.

Regarding tactics, it will be important to evaluate players during one or more games, or even practice. You could look for in-game intelligence (assist, defense, rebounds, possess) spatial awareness, efficiency of movements.

I fully agree with all the participants in this question. Warm up avoids injuries in the players' body. Best wishes

So are the NORMAL and PHYSICALLY FIT conditions something that you randomly allocated respondents to, or are they responses they gave to question? If it is the former then the 2x2 chisq or logistic regression, but if it is the later then like NO for finding if it "influences" the decision. There would be other (presumably unmeasured) variables related to both of these these..

Have a look at the following RG links.

In statistics, they have different implications for the relationships among your variables.

Association between two variables means the values of one variable relate in some way to the values of the other. Association is usually measured by correlation for two continuous variables and by cross tabulation and a Chi-square test for two categorical variables.

Can training in a training intensity commensurate with the person’s age. For young and middle-aged people, they are possible to start with a moderate intensity, but for the elderly, it is recommended to start with a light intensity?

There is a saying that says a healthy mind is in a healthy body, and this means that the functional apparatus of the human being must work with high efficiency in order for the human performance to be at a high level. A defect in any functional system (circulatory, respiratory, Nervous, bone, and muscular…) will lead to failure to obtain fitness Physical

Hello Kirstin,

Here you can find reference data for elite spanish population:

https://sede.educacion.gob.es/publiventa/variables-antropometricas-de-la-poblacion-deportista-espanola/ciencias-del-deporte/15676

You need to check this, I hope it will help you

Hello Drazenka,

The best choice will depend on several factors: (a) the reliability of each of the measures; (b) whether the relationship (if one exists) is linear or non-linear in form; and (c) sample size.

Reliability: Any time you form a difference score, the reliability of those differences will always be less than the reliability of either of the scores from which the difference is formed, unless both scores are perfectly reliable or the scores are uncorrelated (in which case, a difference would be pretty meaningless). My guess is that you could likely get a pretty reliable vertical jump measure by averaging the value of, say, six attempts on a given occasion (but it would still be subject to disturbances such as current injury status, health, time after eating, level of fatigue, etc.). I'm not sure how the aggression scores would fare, without more information about how you quantified them.

Relationship: If the relationship is linear in form, then ordinary Pearson or Spearman correlation would do a good job of quantifying the association (or incorporate into a regression model). If non-linear, you could either try polynomial regression, or categorize cases into subsets/groups (e.g., quartiles, quintiles) based on one variable and compare the groups on the other variable (via eta-squared in anova or R-squared in regression).

Sample size: the categorization might not work well with more than a few levels without an adequate sample size.

Good luck with your work.

I do agree that physical fitness can effect with positive impact on researchers capabilities and production.

Dear Kjartan,

You might find some relevant examples in this guidebook :@GretchenKerr

Regards, Eileen O'Connor

Hi Ben De Groeve , you could try the international fitness scale (F.B. Ortega, J.R. Ruiz, V. Espana-Romero, et al.The International Fitness Scale (IFIS): usefulness of self-reported fitness in youth. Int J Epidemiol, 40 (2011), pp. 701-711, 10.1093/ije/dyr039)

Specific to health, I know Marques et al utilised this "The perception of adolescents about their health was collected through the question, “You would say your health is … ?” Answers were given, through selection, on a 4-point scale (poor, fair, good, and excellent)" citing a pretty comprehensive, albeit dated, review by E.L. Idler, Y. Benyamini Self-rated health and mortality: a review of twenty-seven community studies J Health Soc Behav, 38 (1997), pp. 21-37

Not sure if any of those help or are useful. But they sprang to mind

Cain

May I add a view from Chinese medicine? In Chinese medicine, if the spleen is not healthy, nutrition absorption rate is low. western exercises cannot activate the spleen function except the Chinese exercise (qigong) or get Chinese medicine treatments of acupuncture, herbs, magnet therapy or the whole body healing system,

Dear Munib,

Although established around 100 years ago, our students still use the Harris–Benedict prediction in the physical activity lab. Due to changes in lifestyle, new predictions such as the Mifflin St Jeor equation are more accurate. Working with obese patients (BMI 30 or more) the Broca-Index correction makes sense.

All these measurements simply rely on bodyweight, height, age and gender.

If you are able to measure lean body mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis you can predict the daily resting energy expenditure by Katch-McArdle and Cunningham formula, respectively.

Concerning you question, the difference between Harris–Benedict and Mifflin St Jeor equations is around 5 %, with higher accuracy of the later one.

Best wishes

Marc

Yes Gabriel,

It is published in portuguese. Please find attached the article.

Abraço

Thank you very much sir

I wish this guideline will show me the proper way.

Dear Dr Marisa,

see articles that might be worth reading. 

Kind regards,

Olaf 

No, it shouldn't in sports. Sudden death is a genetic, morphological and electrophysiological predisposition. It happens in athletes with perfect cardiorespiratory fitness. 

I can recommend you Freeletics®. It could be very helpful on the exercise assessment, always with the overview of a certified expert, specially in this case because even when the app is fine for strength training, it has to be complemented with other exercises for capacities such as flexibility...

dear Xiaodan Zhang 

i hope the following research help you

best regards hamdy

In our studies we use the Fitnessgram, I suggest you to do a quick online research about the uses of this program to evaluate physical fitness

Dear Eric,

Bone mineral density was shown to be a good predictor of physical performance. Maybe you can use the following Information…

Bennell KL, Malcolm SA, Khan KM, Thomas SA, Reid SJ, Brukner PD, Ebeling PR, Wark JD. Bone mass and bone turnover in power athletes, endurance athletes, and controls: a 12-month longitudinal study. Bone. 1997;20(5):477-84. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/14073704_Bone_mass_and_bone_turnover_in_power_athletes_endurance_athletes_and_controls_A_12-month_longitudinal_study

Zieliński J, et al. Changes in physical activity of elite track and field athletes in selected age categories. STUDIES IN PHYSICAL CULTURE AND TOURISM 2006;6(Supplement):185-87. http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/Content/61393/Zielinski_REV.pdf

Dregelid B. The association between physical fitness, body composition and bone mineral density among female athletes. Norwegian University of Science and Technology (Master’s Thesis); Trondheim 2013. http://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/271546/640831_FULLTEXT01.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Lemez S, Baker J. Do elite athletes live longer? A systematic review of mortality and longevity in elite athletes. Sports Med Open. 2015;1(1):16. http://www.sportsmedicine-open.com/content/pdf/s40798-015-0024-x.pdf

Best wishes from Germany

Martin

We are currently doing an ongoing RCT on exercise post stroke where patients are randomised into an exercise programme of preference for18 months post stroke. It is a multicenter study.Inclusion time is at 3 months follow -up after first time ever stroke. The programme of Choice needs to be focused on high intensity (Borgs scale 15-16),type of exercise : strength and / or endurance training; time: 45 minutes-60 minutes; frequency: 1/w and so be physically active 7/w for 30 minutes. The patients set goals and Write exercise diaries. They have their own "Coach" that visit them each month.

See: clintrials.gov NCT 01467206

The maximum achievable heart rate , HR max, of an individual is fixed and decreases with advancing age. When someone does intense exercise his/her HRmax can be achieved  earlier and that person who does the very intense exercises will work at close to this value for the period of intense exercise.

A person who is in a detrained state will also achieve heart rates close to HRmax on starting exercise programs (by doing relatively easy tasks) but as fitness increases the intensity of work required to achieve HR max increases.

In a nut shell HR MAX does not really increase at high work loads but a fit person is able to tolerate more work for longer periods at the HR max than an unfit person and also requires a higher volume and intensity of work to achieve this HRmax than an unfit person.

Dear Priyanka, 

                      Its an nice question, as  for my understanding fitness regime should prevent the injuries and should increase the performance also, generalising one kind of fitness program for all fast bowlers is hypothetical, for example  malinga and akhtar using their shoulder and trunk much to generate the phase where as in case of Glenn McGrath  has a fine bowling biomechanics he not stretching all his joints. its remains same in spin bowlers also each bowler has their own style  and biomechanical difference also. as simple bowling is a complex biomechanical movement so understanding each bowlers need is an concern. 

You can see my article with the title of:

Comparing The Effects of The Plyometric Exercise on Sand, Grass and

Wood Surfaces on Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Of Young Athletes" in "International Journal of Sport Studies. Vol., 4 (4), 441-447, 2014"

Hi Karel,

Brian MacKenzie, a UK track and field level 4 coach, produced a book which gives an overview of various types of performance testing, and some references for their normative scores, and reliability. This may be a simple place to get a good overview of some choices.

If you search his name (but make sure you get the correct person, perhaps by putting UK or level 4 coach), you may get more information about him. I also found his personal coaching website, but the book is able to be downloaded free. (There is another strength and fitness person of the same name, different background knowledge.)

Other field tests that are already in use would include those in the NFL field test battery from the pre-season testing combine. For example: Robbins, D. W., & Goodale, T. (2012). Evaluation of the Physical Test Battery Implemented at the National Football League Combine. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 34(5), 1-10.

Sprinting speed, power and agility are high priority there, so the tests reflect those areas of focus.

Good luck with your research.

Jeremy

Hi Llinos,

There is a systematic review by Rees et al (2013) on The views of young people in the UK about obesity, body size, shape and weight. 

I hope this helps.

Itodo.

Dijon Sports Science, Burgundy University

In 1994 we developed a Field Intermittent Test call 45s-15s (45s-15s FIT). It is particularly suitable for the evaluation of the maximum aerobic speed for children and all person who practice intermittent activity. Try this test you will be delighted.

Best regards.

I suggest reviewing some articles on the subject:

Chaddock L, Pontifex MB, Hillman CH, Kramer AF (2011) A review of the relation of aerobic fitness and physical activity to brain structure and function in children. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 17: 975- 985.

Chang YK, Labban JD, Gapin JI, Etnier JL (2012) The effects of acute exercise on cognitive performance: a meta-analysis. Brain Res 1453: 87-101.

Churchill JD, Galvez R, Colcombe S, Swain RA, Kramer AF, et al. (2002) Exercise, experience and the aging brain. Neurobiol Aging 23: 941-955.

Cui Z, Hardy LL, Dibley MJ, Bauman A (2011) Temporal trends and recent correlates in sedentary behaviours in Chinese children. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 8: 93.

Ekeland E, Heian F, Hagen KB (2005) Can exercise improve self esteem in children and young people? A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Br J Sports Med 39: 792-798.

Erickson KI, Voss MW, Prakash RS, Basak C, Szabo A, et al. (2011) Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: 3017-3022.

Fedewa AL, Ahn S (2011) The effects of physical activity and physical fitness on children's achievement and cognitive outcomes: a meta-analysis. RQES 82: 521-535.

Gomez-Pinilla F, Vaynman S, Ying Z (2008) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor functions as a metabotrophin to mediate the effects of exercise on cognition. Eur J Neurosci 28: 2278-2287.

Hillman CH, Buck SM, Themanson JR, Pontifex MB, Castelli DM (2009) Aerobic fitness and cognitive development: Event-related brain potential and task performance indices of executive control in preadolescent children. Dev Psychol 45: 114-129.

Hillman CH, Erickson KI, Kramer AF (2008) Be smart, exercise your heart: exercise effects on brain and cognition. Nat Rev Neurosci 9: 58-65.

Hillman CH, Kamijo K, Scudder M (2011) A review of chronic and acute physical activity participation on neuroelectric measures of brain health and cognition during childhood. Prev Med 52: S21-28.

Says:-

Thank you so much for your valuable comments.

I agree that TTM might help you classify the individuals within your cohort into loose groups based on their behaviour. But TTM is somewhat silent on the specific interventions you might need to employ to progress or maintain PA motivation. TTM is your framework but you'll still need a theoretically driven intervention programme. If you're focussing on motivation then I would suggest SDM as it is widely accepted and accessibly published. I've got a general framework on how these two relate, DM me your email if you want me to send anything through.

Physical activity," "exercise," and "physical fitness" are terms that describe different concepts. However, they are often confused with one another, and the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. This paper proposes definitions to distinguish them. Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure. The energy expenditure can be measured in kilocalories. Physical activity in daily life can be categorized into occupational, sports, conditioning, household, or other activities. Exercise is a subset of physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive and has as a final or an intermediate objective the improvement or maintenance of physical fitness. Physical fitness is a set of attributes that are either health- or skill-related. The degree to which people have these attributes can be measured with specific tests. These definitions are offered as an interpretational framework for comparing studies that relate physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness to health.