Phonology - Science topic

thanks prof. Kindly provide us one paper to be published in own platform. The editorial's paper would be an example for further authors!

Will that contaminate the sample? Will the results be influenced?

The recent changes and developments in Optimality Theory (OT) within phonology:

i can and i will

Safiul Haque Chowdhury

Thank you very much

Dear Maria,

First of all, I would like to congratulate you on obtaining such an important qualification as a doctorate.

Before I became a doctor, I worked in the public administration and once I obtained my degree, it allowed me to obtain the position because my merits increased. I think you should focus on the field in which you were trained and make different applications depending on your interests. In the European Union the job placement rate for doctors is very high. I don't know about other parts of the world.

Best regards and good luck in the new year.

MRI is helpful in getting spatial information of vocal tract with good spatial resolution. Problem comes when u want time dependent variation in vocal tract during speech. some attempts are being made to develop 3D recontructions from many MRIs obtained.

Alternatively ultrasound and articulographs are helpful for temporal variation studies.

some of references i have read, are here...many more info is available online.

1.

2.

Articulating Finnish Vowels: Results from MRI and Sound Data by jani saunavaara

4.

phonological awareness is tested in IPAS through subtasks of sound deletion and rhyme...

phonological awareness test ( PAT-2) by Carolyn Robertson and Wanda Salter is commonly used.

Metaphonological Skills Test (Prema, 1997) is one test available is Kannada. like that tests are available in different languages.

eye tracking allows to study auditory -visual integration or lack of it, in phonological processing. Studies are available in normal individuals as well as Hearing impaired.

1. to study individual differences in acoustics of speech production e/g stop consonants variability in a native English speaking person.

2. to study variations in phoneme production across groups of individuals like AUS, UK and USA english accents.

3. automated transcription of recorded words / phonemes in non english languages.

For acoustics you use a scalar velocity potential function, then derive a boundary integral equation and solve it using boundary elements. Myself, I did elastodynamic scattering for ultra sonic QNDE (see Achenbach) it works real good and the BIE is in my opinion most rigorous an you get displacements you can use in Hook's law etc. you can get everything from solving the BIE (see my current spotlight paper on this topic).

The assimilation phenomena are the influences that a sound makes to another. We have the progressive assimilation when the preceding sound changes the characteristics of the following: [aθ't̪̟eka] the voiceless interdental fricative consonant interdentalized the voiceless dental oclusive consonant. In the other hand, the regressive assimilation takes place when the following sound influences to the preceding: [an̪dalu'θia] the voiced dental occlusive consonant dentalized the alveolar nasal, but here we have also the progressive assimilation because the alveolar nasal made the voiced dental occlusive consonant mantain its occlusion. Finally, the dissimilation is the process by which two sounds variate their characteristics in order to emphasise the difference between them: an example could be the evolution of the medieval Spanish sibilants.

No

Autosegmental is a generative theory. Read Goldsmith (1990) for explanations.

No

CV phonology is a generative framework

I too am a bit unsure of what this question is about.

There is clear evidence at a phonetic level that lexical stress, sentential contour, and segmental forms are all processed in parallel. Some of these effects can be phonologically significant.

Perhaps nasalizad vowels are the simplest example of two segmental features operating in parallel: the vowel positioning and the opening of th velum - naso-pharynx. A similar interpretation of palatalization, or complex consonants in general, shows two phonological processes acting in parallel.

Thank you all for your very helpful answers

Meymouna Bourzeg أحمد البايبي Eunice Kingsley Ukaegbu Felipe Flores Kupske Suresh Thontadarya Masehloho Matjotjo

Dear Mr Ezekiel,

I hope you will be able to get what you need from the following publications. You can download them online or from researchgate.

Bamisaye, T.,Ojo, G.A.(2015).Phonotactic Adjustments in Yoruba Adaptation of English Syllable Structures. Open Journal of Modern Linguistics, 5(4),379-388.

Oyinloye, M.E. (2020).Monophthongization in the Adaptation of Selected English Loanwords in Yorùbá: A Constraint-Based Analysis. Journal of Universal Language, 21(1),29-67

Ogundepo, A.O.(2015). Contrastive study of English and Yoruba morphological systems- implications for Nigerian teachers and learners of English.

International Journal of English Language and Linguistics Research, 3(4),1-8.

Tone Loans: The Adaptation of English Loanwords

into Yoruba by Michael Kenstowicz. You can download it from Research gate

Johan Schalin Thanks for the reply. I will read it with great interest.

Dear عائشة عبد الواحد thank you for the invaluable answer.

Regards

Hazim Al Dilaimy

Thank you for this great question,

For me, my favorite lessons are:

Distinctive features in structural phonology and generative phonology,

And the generative phonology in general, especially the modern generative phonology,

Prosodic phonology,

And the leadership of Indians and Arabs in the Ancient phonological studies.

I'd focus on memory span for sounds, louds, words and/or sentences as it's a well researched performance and part of working memory.

Alternative you could chose another performance related to the phonological loop of the working memory.

Did you try Python word count?

There are 5 vocal cord positions

1. Median (midline)

2. Paramedian (1.5 mm from the midline)

3. Cadaver (3.5 mm from the midline)

4. Partial Abduction (7 mm from the midline)

5. Full abduction (9.5 mm from the midline)

specialized journals would help .

If I were you I would use advanced dictionaries which help you find out the entomology of both words.

Hola,

Para el cálculo de la frecuencia léxica de unidades simples o complejas, se suele utilizar WordSmith o AntCon.

Saludos

It will help if you use a suitable and powerful qualitative research software as Atlas.ti (https://atlasti.com/) or equivalent. This software allows you to introduce and research large amounts of text, written or oral, images, videos, etc. Then, you can select diverse research techniques, including frequencies, correlations, modulations, structures, and several other tools.

Deborah Dinstel ,

Não tenho certeza, entretanto, se você estiver interessado em Português do Brasil, entre em contato comigo. Fico feliz em trocar ideias. I am making an effort to communicate, hoping that one day, it will be easier! Um abraço

Depending on the analysis, I'd go for LabPhon or Phonology. But more phonetics oriented journals (Phonetica, Journal of Phonetics, Journal of the International Phonetic Association) would I'm sure also be good outlets if the analysis includes phonetic aspects as well.

You can use Pratt software for analysis(open source),what parameters you are concentrating.

Wouldn't it depend in part of your native language?

Following.

Linguistically,we do not have an accent that is much knottier than others,nor more prestigous,but it is a matter that is mainly accompained with it spread and usage by the speakers.

Accent is a variety of pronunciation whereas dialect is a variety of language. Allophone is a member of the same phoneme. Allomorph can be tackled within the framework of Grammar. These are some basic concepts. For further details, just have a look at the books of Grammar, Phonetics and Phonology.

Fortis is a term that refers to voiceless consonants as their production is stronger than the production of lenis consonants. They need much more effort. Lenis is a term referring to voiced consonants that need less effort in their production. As for phonemic transcription, both should be enclosed between slashes to make them different from the letters used in ordinary spelling.

You can buy Peter Roach's "English Phonetics and Phonology Paperback with Audio CDs (2): A Practical Course"

if ROC can be estimated for each task and then that can be compared for all three tasks to decide which task is better...probably..

Manova/ ANOVa for group comparison might help,, i guess...

selection of paramtric tests would depend on normalcy of data

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/68a7/3ae53136c0d7141608b0be8bae256ebe5256.pdf .

This may have answers for you

The optimal unit of phonological system is a separated sound when it is meaningful and able to form a meaningful semantic unit in combination with other well organized sounds. Of course the sound quantity changes causes grammatical categorization. Please read my papers about that subject, i hope that they would be useful for you, especially PHONO-GRAMMAR.

Hi, Carey

Check: Hou, L., & Meier, R. P. (2018). The morphology of first-person object forms of directional verbs in ASL. Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics, 3(1), 114. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.469

Christina

yes, it can help at a considerable degree. I recommend using CALL programs as Pronunciation Power, it is very effective in the teaching of vowels and consonants for foreign learners as it demonstrates the lips movements, the tongue articulation and the jaw shape ( place and manner of articulation).

هل نستطيع أن نتبع آلية محددة لدراسة النص التراثي بلاغيا؟

I also suggest you contact the authors on Researchgate. I'm sure they'll provide answers to your questions.

I can also provide the extended abstract which gives a detailed description of the experiment, methods and material, in English. Just let me know and I'll attach it in a message.

Christina

Thanks, @diana.

No

Phonetics is the study of the the physical properties of human speech, such as how basic sounds are physically produced, their acoustics, and how they are perceived.

Phonology deals with language sounds in abstract, grammatical terms. It often focuses on the systems of phonemes in particular languages and describes how they work. Phonology also deals with acoustic phenomena at syllable level (e.g., morae) or even sentence-level (e.g., sentence level stress).

Thank you Christina Valaki! I have also come across that paper since my inquiry! However, I am still looking for information for the Turkish language.. This is turning out to be more complicated than anticipated..

Thank you all for giving me tips! This is all very helpful and highly appreciated!

Mohammad Hamad Al-khresheh Thank you for your answer. My study design is cross-sectional, and the sample size will be 200 participants. I know that a longitudinal study is more useful than cross-sectional. But I cannot conduct this design because it is a PhD project and I will travel collect the data, so it would be impossible to follow the participants.

On page 21 of your book on Dagaare, you state that there are nine oral vowels in Dagaare and as you note in your response to our paper, on page 23 of your book you state that ‘even though /a/ is realised phonetically as a [-ATR] vowel it occurs both with the set of [+ATR] vowels and the set of [-ATR] vowels.’ The paper of ours that you refer to reports on data from 5 speakers and appears to be inconsistent with this position. Taking measurements for tongue root values at three points throughout the low vowel, including points where we would not expect to see significant coarticulatory effects from the following vowel, we interpret our data as motivating a tenth phonological vowel. The formant differences observed are larger than what we would expect from coarticulation alone. We certainly know that ATR systems can vary as to whether they have nine or ten contrastive vowels. The data we report on in this short paper suggest that at least the variety of Dagaare that we examined is indeed a ten-vowel system phonologically. The question of whether Dagaare has nine or ten vowels is an interesting one and will be resolved through data collection and analysis. It is unclear why raising this question, and contributing data to it, would be interpreted as a dishonest framing of the issue.

ربما

Dear Monika! Please see related articles in Attachment. All the best. Vladimir

In our paper "Sound to meaning mappings in the Bouba-Kiki effect." we've created hundreds of nonsense words with the aim of determining how the various phonemes contribute to attributed meanings (related the object shape). I don't have the other papers handy, but in our paper we reference several papers that similarly attempt to isolate/characterize how various phonemes are related to meanings. Some reads I would recommend 1) Nielsen, A., & Rendall, D. (2011). The sound of round: evaluating the sound-symbolic role of consonants in the classic Takete-Maluma phenomenon. 2) Magnus (2001) What's in a Word? Studies in Phonosemantics 3) Fort, Martin and Peperkamp (2014) Consonants are More Important than Vowels in the Bouba-kiki Effect

Most of these papers focus on specific sound-to-meaning mapping (e.g. sound-shape mapping)

The thesis by Margaret Magnus takes a more comprehensive look at how sounds in English are mapped to a variety of meanings.

Here’s a paper on prosodic structure and musical structure: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01962/full

Hi,

the page in researchgate does not state in what journal it was publish. However, there is probably another related paper available, also by Majerus. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3709421/

As suggested above for each group you can provide median and Interquartile range.

.

Also you can go for kruskal Wallis test for the comparison between the groups, and then further you can do pairwise comparisons also for each pair so that you can see which pair is differing.

I am completing a study on VOT effects in a standardized reading, one of the most interesting findings is the neutralization of regional prosodic variation within the study group, therefore, I recommend a data collection strategy that allows comparing speech in different contexts in order to be able to measure prosodic variations.

Quite simple selection criteria

- Height + or - 2.5 SDS

- Unknown cause for growth disorder

- DNA available (index case and family members)

- Phenotype well characterized

For short children We give priority to syndromic children born small for gestational age AND children with autosomal dominant disproportion short stature (abnormal sitting height : total height ratio SDS) without clear skeletal dysplasia

I think letter names are words so they are stored in the lexicon as words (dee, tee etc).  Just because they represent a visual item (letter) there is no difference between a word representing a physical item such as a table.  Hope this helps.

Dear colleague,

   The following papers include  certain information about strategies of teaching. I suppose, they will be helpful.

     https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276542671_SOME_STRATEGIES_OF_THE_EFFECTIVE_TEACHING_OF_FOREIGN_LANGUAGES

Best regards

No. Iconic symbols must be perceptually similar to their targets (possibly in a broad way) and presumably at least partly understandable out of context. When an abstract symbol takes on a conventionalised meaning it does not change its nature.

Dear Sabah,

I work with discursive approach (oral and written text production) in order to not hygienizing the observed subjects’ ways and desires.  This assessment supports pluralities: this practice becomes effective social work. This perspective is called "fourth-generation qualitative assessment"

As far as I know, the evidence is not that clear. See for instance the work of Kathie Rastle and her colleagues: 

Reading aloud begins when the computation of phonology is complete.

Rastle, Kathleen; Harrington, Jonathan; Coltheart, Max; Palethorpe, Sallyanne

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, Vol 26(3), Jun 2000, 1178-1191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.26.3.1178

A lot will depend on the ecological validity of the task and whether or not participants will be able to make use of strategic behavior.

Dear Sabah Zaib,

The French Discourse Analysis (Pêcheux, Les Vérités la Palice) uses the method of Carlo Ginzburg (Clues, Myths and historical Method), with a research strategy  based on reading clues and traces that reveal hidden information.

I wish you success in your search!

Dionéia Monte-Serrat

In these pages you can find some scripts that you can be useful

Regards

You may find these books useful although quite old.

Lucile Charles & Annie-Claude Motron (2001). Phonetique Progressive du Francais avec 600 exercices. Paris: CLE International.

Lhote Elizabeth (1990). Le paysage sonore d'une langue, le francais. Hambourg: Buske Verlag.

Best wishes

A.C.Gimson - An Introduction to the Pronunciation of English

Hi David,

An interesting aspect is that some phonological variations within language are non-continuous in space (i.e, distinct locations may share features while closer locations may show different features). This was been found for intonation contours, for example, and draws a picture unlike that found for segmental variation in most cases. The sources for this 'dispersion' may be various: some sound patterns may depend and/or interact with other aspects of grammar (e.g., , morphology, syntax, pragmatics); population drift within a country may also have a relevant impact; cultural issues can lead certain local communities to easily adopt the more general pattern or, by contrast, to persevere in the more local pattern. So, the array of factors is complex. We provided some illustrations in the Interactive Atlas of the Prosody of Portuguese (for intonation contours, phrasing, and rhythm features).

Hope this adds to the discussion...

Murray Spiegel has done comprehensive work on name pronunciation for US place names and personal names for Text-to-Speech systems. He has an article "Proper name pronunciations for speech technology applications" in International Journal of Speech Technology 6, 419-427, 2003.  In this article you can find references of his earlier publications in 1985 and 1990, as well as other works on name pronunciations for speech technologies.

Hi David! Whether these concepts are legit might depend on the theoretical framework one adopts. For example, if length is used as a phonological feature [+long], then the notion lengtheme and the feature would be synonymous and could be justified simply by providing a minimal pair. However, if one adopts a theoretical framework where length is derivate, say as a sequence of two segments, then the notion is redundant and because it is not a primative.

In the treatment of tone, some researchers have analysed them as being compositional (features High and Low, see Hyman 1993 or Bao 1999 for details). In such approaches, the toneme would really just be a feature. For some researchers, tones may not be thought of as compositional. In Chinese languages, a syllable [ma] is contrastive if it has a high flat tone, a rising tone, a low tone or a falling tone. If you think of rising and falling tones as non-compositional (i.e. cannot be stated as aa sequence of tonal features), then the toneme would include all the various tone melodies. In African languages, it seems that there is a lot of evidence for treating tones as sequences of H and L, as can be seen in the patterns found in Mende, Margi etc (see Peng 2013: Chapter 4).

In the treatment of intonation, it is possible also to use only tonal features H and L. One merely has to state the locus where they occur in relation to the utterance (either the syntactic structure or the prosodic structure). If that's the framework adopted, then there is no need for the notion intoneme.

Best,

Lian-Hee

References

Bao, Zhiming (1999) The Structure of Tone. Oxford University Press.

Hyman, Karry M. (1993) Register tones and tonal geometry. In van der Hulst, Harry and Keith Snider (eds.) The Phonology of Tone: the Representation of Tonal Register. Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 75-108.

Peng, Long (2013) Analyzing Sound Patterns: an Introduction to Phonology. Cambridge Univ. Press.

Yip, Moira (2002) Tone. Cambridge Univ. Press.

Stephen, that's really cool stuff! Thanks. 

The prime historical example of lexical leveling in English is American English. Regional differences brought from England were "leveled" over time as children grew up forming new varieties. In England, the spread of Northern forms into the South in the late Middle English and Early Modern periods contributed to the loss of grammatical forms such as case endings, and of course famously, the spread of Danish plural pronouns from East Anglia wiped out the Old English forms. The processes which contributed to such changes are alive and well today. It is much easier to study lexical and grammatical variation/change by questionnaires than phonological variation, though people are always hypersensitive to school-taught notions of correctness, and tend to identify any inquiry as a test of knowledge of social correctness, so there are always hazards. Nowadays, corpora of telephone conversations are probably the best resources to tap for relatively unmonitored usage, but these may not exist in sufficient size or social variety in enough different regions to allow for lexical or grammatical research (phonology is always easier here).

Most leveling will be evident in age-graded differences in usage, so the old regional dialect dictionaries are probably your best starting-point. Most of the early research in England on regional differences was entirely lexical, so there is a large data-base to begin with. It should be easy to construct questionnaires based on these sources. Students can interview grandparents and parents to pick up on generational shifts (and the students can learn in the process).

   Rudy

I found this video on how to pronounce "Muslum"

I'd love to hear comments not only on the tips/ steps to pronounce "Muslim" but also on the comments made by viewers of the video.

Thank you :-)

Hallo Sorour,

I am not sure I understand you correctly (whether you talk rather about phonology in general or intonation or both). Transfer in learning ?

The things I have in mind (and which at least I found exciting) for intonation and neural models are these papers here:

But I am not sure they speak to your topic.

Best Susanne

Interesting but complex questions! Without going into any of them directly, I would like to mention an unpublished (and now lost, alas!) paper I wrote on the ability of a speaker who made the COT:CAUGHT distinction regularly and natively, to distinguish it after having lived among speakers who lacked it. The surprising result (to me) was that the speaker failed to recognize the distinction when listening to recorded word lists. I am sure that I have seen this point documented elsewhere, but I don't recall where just now. The moral is that what happens in production does not necessarily always mirror what occurs in reception. (Sometimes the result runs the other way: the hearer recognizes the distinction in the speech of others, but does not produce it -- pointing to the hazards of making internal psycholinguistic inferences based on external events.)

    --Rudy

Dafydd Gibbon thank you so much.

I'm tempted to say that abbreviations are only useful (in phonology as elsewhere) if one remembers what they mean. Oops, I said it! Please bear with me, formalisms are so pedantic ...

1. Pankaj's formulation says nothing about word-initial position. The rules can apply anywhere within a word, initially or not, provided that the context terminates at a word-final boundary.

2. The rule

A→B/_

actually means that A is replaced by B everywhere (whether there is a word boundary or not). But Pankaj's formulation implies simply

A→B#

which means that A is replaced by B only before a word boundary (forgetting the other rules for a moment).

3. The full resolution of Pankaj's formulation

A → B / (C)__(D)(E)#

is the following set of 8 rules (i.e. 2^3 rules, as there are 3 binary options):

CADE# → CBDE#

CAD# → CBD#

CAE# → CBE#

CA# → CB#

ADE# → BDE#

AD# → BD#

AE# → BE#

A# → B#

This means that I have to revise my previous comments, as I had ignored the word boundary in the formulation. The solution is neither sound (in that it generates unwanted items) nor complete (in that it only generates contexts which contain a word-final boundary). In contrast, the original rule apply whatever follows, i.e. whether there is a word-final boundary or not (since no word boundary is specified in the rules).

4. Interestingly, in a context CADE, application of the rules is indeterminate: either of the following original rules can apply:

CAD → CBD

ADE → BDE

In each case, the output would be CBDE.

If the two rules had different rule changes, e.g. if the second of these two were

ADE → GDE

it would mean that a principle of rule ordering would be needed in order to decide whether the output should be CBDE or CGDE. Since the output is the same in each case in the given example, the ordering is irrelevant and the rules can be said to be unordered.

Next challenge: find a real language to which rules with comparable structural descriptions and structural changes apply! :)