Philosophical Logic - Science topic

This study discusses Scholastic Philosophy as one of the main intellectual legacies of the Middle Ages (5th to early 17th centuries) and its contribution to the philosophical tradition and the Western educational system. Scholastic Philosophy is an approach that integrates philosophical logic with theology, where major figures such as Thomas Aquina...

My primary goal in this article is to provide a historical reconstruction of Heidegger’s relationship to Hermann Lotze’s logic of validity (Logik der Gültigkeit). Lotze’s characterization of truth’s “actuality” solidifies the fallacious presupposition that the essence of truth is to be understood primarily in terms of logical assertions. In Heidegg...

Despite the temporal and conceptual distance between the doctrines of Augustine and Kant, their thinking reveals many kindred ideas. On the one hand, this allows us to classify them according to the topics of Kant's three "Critiques" and to read Augustine in a Kantian way. In the sphere of theoretical philosophy, the central point they have in comm...

Latin and English are good examples of languages in which temporal information is expressed to a significant extent by the tense system of verbs. Medieval speculative grammar dealt extensively with the grammar of tensed sentences and temporal adverbs. And starting in the 1960s, there was an explosion of theorizing about linguistic temporal indicato...

We analyze three interesting arguments from the literature, where ascribing a probability of 1 to a certain right-nested conditional A→(B→C) leads to strong theses concerning conditionals: they serve as counterexamples to important general claims. The first is the classic and much discussed McGee’s counterexample to Modus Ponens from McGee [“A Coun...

In philosophical logic and proof theory, we often find multiple-conclusion systems that induce a conjunctive reading of premises and a disjunctive reading of conclusions. In mathematical logic, in contrast, we often find multiple-conclusion systems that induce a conjunctive reading of both premises and conclusions. This paper studies some technical...

This paper proposes a semantics of anaphora in attitude contexts within the framework of Discourse Representation Theory (DRT). The paper first focuses on intentional identity, a special kind of cross-attitudinal anaphora. Based on the DRT semantics of attitude reports summarized by Kamp et al. (in: D. Gabbay and F. Guenthner (Eds.), Handbook of ph...

In (Barbero and Sandu 2020 Journal of Philosophical Logic, 50, 471-521), we showed that languages encompassing interventionist counterfactuals and causal notions based on them (as e.g. in Pearl’s and Woodward’s manipulationist approaches to causation) as well as information-theoretic notions (such as learning and dependence) can be interpreted in a...

To explain phenomena in the world is a central human activity and one of the main goals of rational inquiry. There are several types of explanation: one can explain by drawing an analogy, as one can explain by dwelling on the causes (see e.g. see [Woodward (2004, Making Things Happen: A Theory of Causal Explanation. Oxford University Press, Oxford)...

Aristotelian diagrams, such as the square of opposition and other, more complex diagrams, have a long history in philosophical logic. Alpha-structures and ladders are two specific kinds of Aristotelian diagrams, which are often studied together because of their close interactions. The present paper builds upon this research line, by reformulating a...

В статье кратко освещается прошедшая в июне 2023 года международная научная конференция «XIII Смирновские чтения по логике». Предлагаются аннотации докладов, прочитанных на пленарном заседании и в рамках заседаний секций «Символическая логика», «Философская логика», «Логика научного познания» и «История логики».

We introduce a basic intuitionistic conditional logic $$\textsf{IntCK}$$ IntCK that we show to be complete both relative to a special type of Kripke models and relative to a standard translation into first-order intuitionistic logic. We show that $$\textsf{IntCK}$$ IntCK stands in a very natural relation to other similar logics, like the basic clas...

The article recapitulates what logic is about traditionally and works out two roles it has been playing in philosophy: the role of an instrument and of a philosophical discipline in its own right. Using Tarski's philosophical-logical work as case study, it develops a logical reconstructionist methodology of philosophical logic that extends and refi...

This paper makes first steps toward a systematic investigation of how pertinence to topic contributes to determine deductively valid reasoning along with preservation of designated values. I start from the interpretation of Weak Kleene Logic WKL as a reasoning tool that preserves truth and topic pertinence, which is offered by Jc Beall. I keep Beal...

Goodsell, Journal of Philosophical Logic, 51(1), 127-150 2022) establishes the noncontingency of sentences of first-order arithmetic, in a plausible higher-order modal logic. Here, the same result is derived using significantly weaker assumptions. Most notably, the assumption of rigid comprehension—that every property is coextensive with a modally...

In this paper, we argue that the trajectory of intergroup relations in Nigeria is, for the most part, founded on the prevalent ontology of the West, which is dualistic and is also at the background of Western Two Valued Logic (TVL). This temper of intergroup relations holds that "if he is not one of us, then he is against us," and hence, it has sus...

The Completeness Theorem for first order logic that was first demonstrated by Kurt Gödel in his Vienna dissertation [Gödel, 1929, Gödel, 1930] got entrenched as a cornerstone of logic, also for philosophers, around 1975. Henkin's novel method of demonstration for predicate logic [Henkin, 1949] had been extended to various new "logics" such as L(Q)...

This article focuses on the applications of philosophical logic in the discipline of philosophy of religion of both ‘Eastern’ and ‘Western’ traditions, in which the problem of apparent ontological contradictions can be found. A number of philosophers have proposed using the work of those non-classical logicians who countenance the violation of the...

This paper investigates the so-called ‘unconnectedness-4 (U4) hexagons of opposition’, which have various applications across the broad field of philosophical logic. We first study the oldest known U4 hexagon, the conversion closure of the square of opposition for categorical statements. In particular, we show that this U4 hexagon has a Boolean com...

This short note is about how to fit Language into the constraints of Logic. Such a move should not be always possible, but if we want to say The Liar is a logical problem, then we have to be able to fit the piece of human language it deals with entirely inside of Logic. If we talk about logical systems, we need to find the right logical embedment o...

In “What is Enlightenment?” Kant (1784) proposed the close connection between the Enlightenment political project, the aims of education and the philosophical logic of emancipation. In short, he confirmed the Enlightenment subject and condition as an “ultimate destination” of humanity and thus a central aim of education. In this chapter, I aim to a...

It has been clarified that the State as an integral mechanism exists due to the implementation of its tasks and functions by the system of institutional formations, but it is still unclear how these institutions should ensure administrative functionality of the State, that is, its ability to effectively and efficiently perform its tasks and functio...

Boolean-valued models for first-order languages generalize two-valued models, in that the value range is allowed to be any complete Boolean algebra instead of just the Boolean algebra 2. Boolean-valued models are interesting in multiple aspects: philosophical, logical, and mathematical. The primary goal of this paper is to extend a number of critic...

The relation evidentiality bears on the coding of some information as presupposition or as implicature is still an underexplored research field. In this paper, such an interplay is addressed by looking into how presupposed and implied contents (differently) respond to contexts of challenge and deniability. As taken for granted information (Stalnake...

The present article includes thematically connected questions on negation in the areas of the philosophy of logic, philosophical logic and metaphysics. It highlights a central problem negation poses to a certain area of philosophy. The purpose of the article is also to analyze negation in the areas of the philosophy of logic, philosophical logic an...

It is with great pleasure that I introduce the second edition of An Illustrative Dictionary of Semantics (ILLUDS). As an assistant professor of English Language and Literature with over twenty years of teaching linguistics and literature courses, it has always been my concern to provide a comprehensive guide to semantic concepts and issues as a com...

The main problem of Plato᾿s Republic and of contemporary Russia is the fusion of the state power and philosophy in order to improve both the state and the individual. The article deals with the problem of widening the logic causing the defacement of sciences and endangering the existence of the state. There is a hidden agenda, a hidden problem: The...

This article proposes the use of temporal logic for an analysis of instrumentality inspired by the work of G.H. von Wright. The first part of the article contains the philosophical foundations. We discuss von Wright’s general theory of agency and his account of instrumentality. Moreover, we propose several refinements to this framework via rigorous...

The reviewed monograph presents the concept of analytical pedagogy as a new sub-discipline in the landscape of Polish scholarship on education. Its subject is intellectual pursuits consisting in categorizing, typologizing and systematizing concepts relevant to education professionals. The epistemic potential of philosophical logic provides the grou...

Background. The question of apostasy, or rather, the possibility of applying legal punishment for leaving Islam, is perhaps one of the most “inconvenient” for modern Muslim scholars, since it forces them to reproduce the concept developed in the early Middle Ages, but at this moment irrevocably outdated, implying the need to execute an apostate. Su...

The real problem of the emergence of autonomous consciousness of AI comes with the underlying principles of the philosophy and mathematics that AI uses. That is, the algorithms of AI are wrong in their philosophical logic; another set of algorithms to go with them is missing, i.e., AI uses algorithms that count only "1"s but not "0"s, however, the...

The philosophy of logic is about thinking, thought and reason. Mathematics comes with its own branch of philosophy and physics comes with its own branch of philosophy in the form of logic. Computer coding can also be broken down into a philosophical logic. Mathematical logic This involves using mathematics to think about reality in groups, sets, re...

Life and Death are two contrastive facts of this universe. Many literary authors have expressed their views and thoughts with diverse protocols of expression including philosophical, logical, rational, deep and shallow levels on the topics related to life and death. However, the metaphysical style employed by some writers of high position for the...

Regulation of the digital sex industry is a topic of debate at both national and international levels. While there is an increasing interest in decriminalizing sex work, digital prostitution remains illegal in many countries. Therefore, it is crucial to analyze the international experience of criminalizing and decriminalizing digital prostitution,...

Resumen: El texto está dirigido al estudiante especializado que desee no solo aprender distintos sistemas lógicos, sino que, también, quiera acercarse a las bases epistemológicas y ontológicas que conforman la naturaleza de la disciplina, esto es, en principio, a la filosofía de la lógica. Pero, esto hay que aclararlo, pues en el prefacio de la obr...

Massimo Dell’Utri proposes the idea of an ‘epistemological compass’, which he alleges provides a common intuitive sense of objectivity, the existence of which defenders of ‘post-truth’ positions would perversely try to deny. I argue that Dell’Utri’s choice of a compass – metaphorical or otherwise – is unfortunate because it is a device that presupp...

This paper argues that Identity and Diversity can be understood as purely formal structures in Russellian facts. It considers Russell’s possible reasons for denying the existence of facts of identity and diversity and shows how problematic these reasons are. In particular, I argue that identity statements are not tautologies, and their denial does...

Before emerging as a science, the essence of balaghah had been ingrained in the use of Arabic in both poetry and prose. During this period, the Al-Quran came down with miracles so that it beat others in terms of the accuracy and beauty of its language. The science of balaghah with its three divisions began to appear and be known during the second a...

Al-Milal wa al-Nihal, an august piece of writing by Shahrastani, serves as his introduction to the field of Ilm-al-Kalam (Muslim Dialectical Theology). The paper aims to highlight Shahrastani's adopted philosophical, logical, and descriptive methodologies on the five Jewish schisms, and shortcomings in them. Shahrastani's primary goals in writing a...

The market orientation of Ukraine's economy requires radical institutional changes in order to establish the decentralization of power, to balance the relations in its structure between the subjects of the central, regional and local levels. One of the directions of such radical changes is the formation of special andnew subjects of local self-gove...

This contribution is an essay of formal philosophy—and more specifically of formal ontology and formal epistemology—applied, respectively, to the philosophy of nature and to the philosophy of sciences, interpreted the former as the ontology and the latter as the epistemology of the modern mathematical, natural, and artificial sciences, the theoreti...

The paper discovers the presence of abduction in teachers' activities and emphasises the role of trichotomous systems (abduction, deduction, induction) in discovering human reality. The paper focuses on the presence of abduction in education sciences research, and its main goal is to detect abduction in teaching activities and classroom interaction...

Free logics are a family of first-order logics which came about as a result of examining the existence assumptions of classical logic (Hintikka The Journal of Philosophy, 56, 125–137 1959; Lambert Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic, 8, 133–144 1967, 1997, 2001). What those assumptions are varies, but the central ones are that (i) the domain of inte...

The article is dedicated to the analysis of stable verse forms in the poetry of great Armenian poet Yeghishe Charents (1897-1937), introducing the structural opportunities for the development of the theme and the idea with some philosophical logic. It has long been criticized that the structure of these verse forms has a clear logic, the roots of w...

The ethnocentricity of literary theory is a pervasive phenomenon that garnered attention from comparativists, postcolonial critics, cultural studies scholars alike. Attempting to redress the colonial woes propagated by ‘theory’ against non-Western cultures has been gaining momentum lately yet falling short of fully addressing the resounding decolon...

I propose a theory of space with infinitesimal regions called smooth infinitesimal geometry (SIG) based on certain algebraic objects (i.e., rings), which regiments a mode of reasoning heuristically used by geometricists and physicists (e.g., circle is composed of infinitely many straight lines). I argue that SIG has the following utilities. (1) It...

As shown in Fan (Journal of Philosophical Logic, 48, 425–445, 2019), there are some similarities/resemblances between contingency and accident. Given this, one may naturally ask if we can unify the two operators to manifest all of their similarities/resemblances. In this article, instead of looking at the interactions between the two operators like...

An in-depth study of the concept of a consequence relation, culminating in the concept of a Lindenbaum-Tarski algebra, intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in mathematics and graduate students in philosophy, as well as researchers in the field of mathematical and philosophical logic. The book is aimed to fill the niche left aft...

Background Psychology and logic have similar disciplinary backgrounds. When searching for “psychology” or “logic”, there are many academic papers. When searching for relevant keywords, there are even more papers. However, searching the database for “the relationship between psychology and logic” will only find dozens of papers. This study focuses o...

The article is a summary of the contents of the round table held in April this year. Topic of discussion: philosophical traditions of Russian regions. Different points of view are presented regarding the understanding of the phenomenon of the philosophical traditions of the regions of Russia, its essence and various aspects of existence. An attempt...

Philosophical issues often turn into logic. That is certainly true of Moore’s Paradox, which tends to appear and reappear in many philosophical contexts. There is no doubt that its study belongs to pragmatics rather than semantics or syntax. But it is also true that issues in pragmatics can often be studied fruitfully by attending to their projecti...

This paper proves a precisification of Hume’s Law—the thesis that one cannot get an ought from an is —as an instance of a more general theorem which establishes several other philosophically interesting, though less controversial, barriers to logical consequence.

We establish a novel connection between two research areas in non-classical logics which have been developed independently of each other so far: on the one hand, input/output logic, introduced within a research program developing logical formalizations of normative reasoning in philosophical logic and AI; on the other hand, subordination algebras,...

This 70-year retrospective of the Chinese work on philosophy of logic is presented mainly in terms of the notion of the “philosophy of logic”, the notion of logic and the social-cultural role of logic. It generally involves three kinds of questions, namely, how to distinguish philosophical logic from the philosophy of logic, what the nature and sco...

This article analyzes the historical development of the philosophical logic syntax from the standpoint of the unity of historical and logical methods. According to this perspective, there are three types of logical syntax: the elementary subject-predicate, the modified definitive-specificative, and the standard propositional-functional. These types...

Logicians participating in this conference stand united for peace. Logic4Peace invited contributions in any area of logic, including: • philosophical logic, philosophy of logic and history of logic; • mathematical and computational logic; • applied logic and logical structures used in science and the humanities. All registration fees and donations...

In order to reply to the contemporary skeptic’s argument for the conclusion that we don’t have any empirical knowledge about the external world, several authors have proposed different fallibilist theories of knowledge that reject the epistemic closure principle. Holliday (Journal of Philosophical Logic, 44(1), 1–62 2015a), however, shows that almo...

In this paper, by slightly generalizing an observation of Dalla Chiara and Giunti-ni in their chapter on quantum logic in Handbook of Philosophical Logic, we propose a relational semantics for propositional language with negation and conjunction, which unifies the relational semantics of intuitionistic logic and that of ortho-logic. We study the se...

The paper explores new dimensions of meanings in Tawfik Al-Hakim's play The Tree Climber by adopting a possible world theory perspective that is characterized by its interdisciplinarity that lies in its fusion of philosophical logic, literary theory, philosophy of science, linguistics and aesthetics.

It is widely accepted that classical logic is trivialized in the presence of a transparent truth-predicate. In this paper, we will explain why this point of view must be given up. The hierarchy of metainferential logics defined in Barrio et al. (Journal of Philosophical Logic, 1–28, 2019) and Pailos (The Review of Symbolic Logic, Forthcoming) recov...

The Unified Foundational Ontology (UFO) was developed over the last two decades by consistently putting together theories from areas such as formal ontology in philosophy, cognitive science, linguistics, and philosophical logics. It comprises a number of micro-theories addressing fundamental conceptual modeling notions, including entity types and r...

Globalisation entails the process of production and exchange at the planetary level, making the world a global village. At global epistemic levels, it has been dominated by Eurocentrism and Western knowledge production paradigms and platforms. Characterised by asymmetrical and superior- inferior relationships between the global North generally and...

Any war, the war of aggression in particular, brings countless suffering: There is nothing worse than it, says the captured, the character of the novel by J. -P. Sartre "Iron in the soul", and it seems "chameleon", reminded Karl Clausewitz of the appearance of its new modules, always changes its color, i.e. nature. Today, when the first socio-cultu...

Edward Jonathan Lowe was one of the most distinguished metaphysicians of the last 50 plus years. He made immense contributions to analytic philosophy in as diverse areas as metaphysics, philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, philosophical logic, history of Modern philosophy (especially on John Locke), and philosophy of religion

This paper develops a theory of propositional identity which distinguishes necessarily equivalent propositions that differ in subject-matter. Rather than forming a Boolean lattice as in extensional and intensional semantic theories, the space of propositions forms a non-interlaced bilattice. After motivating a departure from tradition by way of a n...

This paper extends the theory of situated inference from Mares (Relevant logic: a philosophical interpretation. Cambridge University Press, Cambrdge, 2004) to treat two weak relevant logics, B and DJ. These logics are interesting because they can be used as bases for consistent naïve theories, such as naïve set theory. The concepts of a situation a...

Non-bivalent semantics of the future tense assert that propositions regarding future contingents are neither true nor false. One of the most relevant non-bivalent semantics is supervaluationism (Thomason in Theoria 36(3):264–281, 1970; Thomason, in: Gabbay, Guenthner (eds) Handbook of philosophical logic, Springer, Berlin, 1984), which preserves im...

Building on early work by Girard (1987) and using closely related techniques from the proof theory of many-valued logics, we propose a sequent calculus capturing a hierarchy of notions of satisfaction based on the Strong Kleene matrices introduced by Barrio et al. (Journal of Philosophical Logic 49:93–120, 2020) and others. The calculus allows one...

In this paper we discuss sequent calculi for the propositional fragment of the logic of HYPE. The logic of HYPE was recently suggested by Leitgeb ( Journal of Philosophical Logic 48:305–405, 2019) as a logic for hyperintensional contexts. On the one hand we introduce a simple $$\mathbf{G1}$$ G 1 -system employing rules of contraposition. On the oth...

The aim of this paper is to bring to light the pattern underlying botanical nomenclature in the Renaissance. The analysis shows that this nomenclature was conceived within the framework of the Renaissance episteme, i.e. with-in a logical and religious framework and that it is characterized by a three-fold purpose: the appellations must give an esse...

Conservation of forests and ecology is one of the pressing needs of human kind today. The topic is widely spoken about in academic circles, various local, national and international forums and also Pope Francis has stressed on the importance of caring for our common home, especially in his encyclical 'Laudato Si'. In this paper, I shall present how...

The trivalent and functional theory of the truth of conditionals developed by Bruno de Finetti has recently gathered renewed interests, particularly from philosophical logic, psychology and linguistics. It is generally accepted that de Finetti introduced his theory in 1935. However, a reading of his first publications indicates an earlier conceptio...

Politics, a cognitive behaviour, with its phenomenal spectrum is believed to be elementary for social formation. Despite its capacities politics spontaneously and almost innately patronised the exercise of power in every stage of human relations from interpersonal to international and subversively contributed to the darkest part of history with nar...

Barrio et al. ( Journal of Philosophical Logic , 49 (1), 93–120, 2020) and Pailos ( Review of Symbolic Logic , 2020 (2), 249–268, 2020) develop an approach to define various metainferential hierarchies on strong Kleene models by transferring the idea of distinct standards for premises and conclusions from inferences to metainferences. In particular...

In every aspect of scientific research, model predictions need calibration and validation as their representativity of the record measurement. In the literature, there are a myriad of formulations, empirical expressions, algorithms and software for model efficiency assessment. In general, model predictions are curve fitting procedures with a set of...

Kremer presented three approaches of comparing fixed-point and revision theories of truth in Kremer (Journal of Philosophical Logic, 38(4), 363–403, 2009). Using these approaches, he established the relationships among ten fixed-point theories suggested by Kripke in (Journal of Philosophy, 72(19), 690–716, 1975) and three revision theories presente...

I explore, from a proof-theoretic perspective, the hierarchy of classical and paraconsistent logics introduced by Barrio, Pailos and Szmuc in ( Journal o f Philosophical Logic , 49 , 93-120, 2021). First, I provide sequent rules and axioms for all the logics in the hierarchy, for all inferential levels, and establish soundness and completeness resu...

In a recent paper, Negri and Pavlović (Studia Logica 1–35, 2020) have formulated a decidable sequent calculus for the logic of agency, specifically for a deliberative see-to-it-that modality, or dstit. In that paper the adequacy of the system is demonstrated by showing the derivability of the axiomatization of dstit from Belnap et al. (Facing the f...

This book is divided into two parts, "Argumentation in Critical Discourse Analysis" and "Questions and Doubts about Visual Argumantation", each part containing two chapters. In the first chapter, "Topoi in Critical Discourse Analysis", I am concerned with how topoi are used (and misused) in the Discourse-Historical Approach. The Discourse-Historica...

This article explores the Aristotelian logic and the sentential logic in explaining Jesus Christ as described in Manunggaling Kawula Gusti concept. First, it studies the dimensions of Jesus as the manifestation of manunggaling kawula, a concept that roots in Kejawen spirituality. Second, to analyze the feature of divinity-humanity union in Manungga...

In the introduction, we discuss the inadequate reception of Polish scientists and scholars in the world of scientific and academic ideas. This nonreception can be attributed to the tragic historical situation of the country – the Hecatomb suffered by Poland. The philosophical logic heritage of Jerzy Łoś is one such forgotten discovery. The present...

This paper continues my work of [9], which showed there was a broad family of many valued logics that have a strict/tolerant counterpart. Here we consider a generalization of weak Kleene three valued logic, instead of the strong version that was background for that earlier work. We explain the intuition behind that generalization, then determine a...

John Damascene’s use of philosophical logic in his theological treatises has remained a somewhat unclear subject. We know that John compiled purely logical and philosophical works, such as the Institutio Elementaris and the Dialectica . But it is not clear how much, if at all, John’s purely philosophical projects contributed to his later theologica...

Stone representation theorems are a central ingredient in the metatheory of philosophical logics and are used to establish modal embedding results in a general but indirect and non-constructive way. Their use in logical embeddings will be reviewed and it will be shown how they can be circumvented in favour of direct and constructive arguments throu...

In philosophical logic and metaphysics there is a long-standing debate around the most appropriate structures to represent indeterministic scenarios concerning the future. We reconstruct here such a debate in a computational setting, focusing on the fundamental difference between moment-based and history-based structures. Our presentation is center...

Recent historical discussion of conceptual engineering by analytic philosophers has largely focused on precedents for contemporary conceptual engineering within the history of analytic philosophy. However, I suggest that we can and should look outside of the analytic tradition for further examples of conceptual engineering, and inspiration for furt...

In the article we present an extension of the minimal, normal positional logic, i.e., the logic with realization operator MR. Positional logic is a philosophical logic that makes it possible to relate sentences to contexts that can be understood in many ways. We enrich the basic language of minimal positional logic with additional expressions built...

Advances in Philosophical Logic

The city in its physical and moral concept and in general reflects the components and fundamentals of its scientific and philosophical logic .The city gives its various images ranging from physical and spiritual images as a result of which the city acquires its identity and privacy from those images. It is a human industry based on the behavioral o...

In this paper, we argue in favour of the applicability of logical tools for the analysis of various philosophical issues. Different systems of the modern non-classical (philosophical) logic are considered, and a promising approach of research represented by informal logic. We conclude with some remarks about the prospects for a fruitful interaction...

The thesis investigates logical and computational aspects of normative reasoning using deontic logic and theorem provers. This interdisciplinary study draws inspiration from logic-based knowledge representation in Artificial Intelligence, deontic modality in Linguistics, and Philosophical Logic. The modal logic and norm-based paradigms in deontic l...

This paper tries to discuss how Western philosophy critically examined the thought of Thomas Aquinas in the scholastic era. The scholastic era or known medieval philosophy whose style is the philosophy of collaborating with theology in harmony. Philosophy in the scholastic era gave birth to many famous theologians-philosophers, one of whom was Thom...

RESUMEN: La siguiente investigación es de naturaleza historiográfica y tiene como objetivo ofrecer datos relativos al origen y evolución de la definición lexicográfica em-pleada en los diccionarios generales del español, así como una perspectiva general de su desarrollo. Para su realización se han tomado dos tipos de fuentes: textos metalin-güístic...

Many philosophy majors are shocked by the gap between the relative ease of lower-level philosophy courses and the difficulty of upper-division courses. This book serves as a necessary bridge to upper-level study in philosophy by offering rigorous but concise and accessible accounts of basic concepts and distinctions that are used throughout the dis...

This paper presents a new approach in arriving at a solution to the ongoing debate on the existence of intelligent design within Darwinian evolution. Remarkably, biologists and theologians at least have committed the classic fallacy of Cartesian elimination-there are more unthought-of alternatives than the mutual exclusion or synthesis of creationi...

Following Smiley’s (The Journal of Symbolic Logic, 28, 113–134 1963) influential proposal, it has become standard practice to characterise notions of relative necessity in terms of simple strict conditionals. However, Humberstone (Reports on Mathematical Logic, 13, 33–42 1981) and others have highlighted various flaws with Smiley’s now standard acc...

The purposes of this research are finding out the behaviour and creativity patterns of students in making “batik cap”. Subjects of this research were students of the Primary School Teacher Education Department at Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta who took the Art and Skills Education course in the even semester of the Academic Year 2018/2019. The...

Over the last four decades, environmental ethics has become an increasingly significant field of philosophy. Yet, many of its practitioners question its goals and effectiveness. Above all, environmental philosophers voice uncertainty about the extent to which the field has been able to influence action, behaviour, and policy in relation to the envi...

Recent work has clearly established the fundamental place of the siddhis in almost all Indic mokṣa traditions. This paper seeks to excavate a fundamental metaphysical dimension to this phenomenon, by excavating the philosophical logic of these claims from within the contours of Sāṃkhya metaphysics as expressed in the Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali. It wi...