Science topics: MedicinePharmacy
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Pharmacy - Science topic

Pharmacy is the safe formulation and administration of pharmaceuticals.
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Dear Researchers and Academicians,
The Blambangan Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences (BJNHS) is delighted to announce a call for papers for publication in Volume 3, Issues 1 and 2, 2025. We welcome high-quality original research articles, reviews, and case studies in the fields of nursing and health sciences.
Why Publish with Us?
- No Publication Fee: Submissions for these upcoming issues will be published free of charge.
- Open Access: All articles are freely accessible to the global academic and professional community.
- Rigorous Peer Review: A robust peer review process ensures the quality and credibility of your work.
We welcome original research articles, review articles, case studies, and other scholarly works in the following areas:
- Nursing
- Public Health
- Medicine
- Midwifery
- Pharmacy
- Health Education
- Healthcare Management
- Other health-related disciplines
Submission Guidelines:
Manuscripts should be prepared according to the journal’s submission guidelines, available on our website. Please submit your articles directly through the following link: https://blambangan-scholar.com/index.php/BJNHS/about/submissions
Important Dates:
Submissions for Volume 3, Issues 1 and 2, will be accepted until further notice. Early submissions are encouraged for timely review and publication.
We look forward to receiving your valuable contributions and collaborating with you to advance the fields of nursing and health sciences. Should you have any questions or require assistance, feel free to contact us.
Warm regards,
Editorial Team
Blambangan Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences (BJNHS)
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Anjai Anjali Singh ,
We would like to invite you to submit your article to the Blambangan Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences (BJNHS). We welcome high-quality research contributions in the field of nursing and health sciences.
Please feel free to submit your manuscript through our submission portal. Kindly note that there is no Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in our journal.
We look forward to receiving your submission. Should you have any questions or require further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us.
Best regards, Mahmud Ady Yuwanto Editor-in-Chief Blambangan Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences (BJNHS)
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Dear Researcher,
As the editor of the Blambangan Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences (BJNHS), I am pleased to invite dedicated professionals and researchers to join our peer review team. Your expertise and insights are invaluable in advancing the quality of research and scholarship within the fields of nursing and health sciences.
By serving as a peer reviewer, you will play a critical role in ensuring the integrity and excellence of the articles we publish while contributing to the growth of scientific knowledge. This collaboration also offers an opportunity to expand your professional experience and strengthen your academic profile.
We welcome experts in the following areas:
1. Nursing
2. Medicine
3. Midwifery
4. Public Health
5. Pharmacy
Other related disciplines
As a token of our gratitude for your valuable contributions, you will also have the opportunity to publish your articles in our journal free of charge.
If you are interested in becoming a peer reviewer, kindly email us at bjnhs.scholar@gmail.com with the following details:
1. Name:
2. Contact email:
3. Affiliation:
4. Area of expertise:
5. Scopus ID:
6. Google Scholar ID:
Your participation will be instrumental in maintaining the high standards of our publication. We look forward to welcoming you to our peer review team and working together to make a significant impact in the nursing and health sciences community.
Thank you for considering this meaningful opportunity.
Best regards,
Mahmud Ady Yuwanto
Editor-in-chief
Blambangan Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences (BJNHS)
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Thank you for your kind response. We truly appreciate your willingness to join us in the future. We look forward to the opportunity to collaborate with you when you are available.
Please do not hesitate to reach out whenever the time is right. Your contributions will be highly valued.
Best regards,
Mahmud Ady Yuwanto
Editor-in-Chief
Blambangan Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences (BJNHS)
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The Important Question Healer gel™ composition is Indian Patented Product launching after Trial 1st from Jalpaiguri City and 1st emulgel from India has Triple Action Healing Diabetic Wounds,Bed Sores,Antiinflammatory and Antifungal invented by Individual Inventor cum Applicant Shibanjan Paul Roy but no news coverage in 2024 but before 15-20years when Dr.Mihir Chatterjee Former Principal of Pharmacy College launched a Indian Patented product but more media coverage.Because we have no connection with reporters and media.Our product totally branded with high quality.Only prescribed by Doctors not pushing.Main reason Dr.Mihir Chatterjee was a Principal of Institute of Pharmacy Jalpaiguri that time connection with more media.But our name know very less persons internationally and nationally.At present Media Channel trying to avoid this type of news so,we never highlighted.
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1st time i watch a true Principal always saying correct words against worst media.I also reading regulary uttarbanga sambad and i like Jyoti Sarkar news very much because he is the true reporter always saying truth and gives vital news.But Pradyut Das type reporter is the black spot of media.
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I want to study medicine, become a doctor. What courses should I self-study?
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Then study pharmacy, there u get the most knowledge you need.
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Hello, My name is Anh Phuong. Currently I am studying Pharmacy in 4th year at Tra Vinh University. I am doing a thesis topic on preparing lozenges from cordyceps lime concentrate. I want to find related documents about the method of preparing lozenges and the ingredients needed to make them. Please help me, thank you
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API lozenges were prepared by heat and congealing method. In this method, sugar syrup was prepared by blending sugar and water. Sugar was dissolved in a little amount of water and warmed it to 110-120°C till sugar breaks down totally forming clear thick syrup. The sugar syrup was warmed to 160-165°C till the color changes to brilliant yellow. The temperature was decreased to 90-100°C, solid dispersion of API and other excipients was then included. The entire preparation was then filled in the cavities of molds. The lozenges formed were enclosed by aluminium foil and kept in desiccators to prevent moisture uptake
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I'm working on carboplatin which i bought from local pharmacy. It is a Carboplatin injection IP 150mg/15ml which is sterile aqueous solution for intravenous use. Unfortunately, I cannot able to get the Raman Spectra and FTIR spectra. Is there any way to solve this problem? OR is there any way to get the Carboplatin in tablet form?
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Analyzing carboplatin with Raman and FTIR spectroscopy may pose difficulties when dealing with a sterile water-based solution as the presence of water can potentially mask or disrupt the spectral information. One possible option is to separate carboplatin from the aqueous solution by using lyophilization or solvent evaporation which will result in a solid form that is better suited for Raman and FTIR analysis. If it is not possible to isolate carboplatin then obtaining it in tablet or powder form somehow could greatly enhance your capacity to gather clear spectral data. carboplatin is not often found in pill form because it is primarily used as an injectable medication but if you can get into a pharmaceutical laboratory you might try to crystallize the carboplatin from the solution by evaporating the solvent in a controlled manner. This solidified version would be much easier for spectroscopic analysis.
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Please guide me how do i add my paper in scholar if i have published in paid journal. The journal name is IJBPAS (International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Sciences)
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I have extracted essential oil from a medicinal plant and want to make several concentrations for some biological activities (Antidiabetic assay). How can i prepare the several concentrations to determine the IC50.
What will be the solvent for the dilution of the essential oils?
Your kind help in this regard will be highly acknowledged.
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To assess the biological activity of essential oils, such as their antidiabetic properties, it is necessary to prepare several concentrations to determine the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). The following steps outline the process for diluting essential oils and the choice of solvent:
Dilution of Essential Oils for Biological Assays
1. Selection of Solvent:
The choice of solvent is critical for the solubility of essential oils and the accuracy of the biological assay. For essential oils, organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol, or methanol are commonly used. These solvents help to dissolve the hydrophobic components of essential oils efficiently. Water can also be used, but it often requires an emulsifier or surfactant to achieve proper dissolution.
2. Preparation of Stock Solution:
- Begin by preparing a concentrated stock solution of the essential oil. Typically, a stock solution of 10 mg/mL or higher is prepared in the chosen solvent. For instance, dissolve 100 mg of essential oil in 10 mL of DMSO.
- Ensure thorough mixing to achieve a homogeneous solution. This can be done using a vortex mixer or by gentle heating if necessary (within the stability limits of the essential oil).
3. Serial Dilution:
- To create a range of concentrations, perform serial dilutions of the stock solution. For example, if the desired concentration range is from 0.1 mg/mL to 10 mg/mL, you can follow these steps:
1. Take 1 mL of the stock solution (10 mg/mL) and add it to 9 mL of solvent to obtain a 1 mg/mL solution.
2. Take 1 mL of the 1 mg/mL solution and add it to 9 mL of solvent to obtain a 0.1 mg/mL solution.
3. Repeat this process as necessary to achieve lower concentrations.
4. Assay Preparation:
- Once the different concentrations are prepared, they can be used in biological assays. For antidiabetic assays, in vitro methods such as enzyme inhibition assays (e.g., alpha-glucosidase or alpha-amylase inhibition) are common.
- In these assays, add varying concentrations of the essential oil solution to the reaction mixture and measure the inhibitory effect compared to a control without the essential oil.
Determination of IC50
- The IC50 value represents the concentration of the essential oil required to inhibit 50% of the biological activity. To determine this, plot the percentage inhibition against the logarithm of the essential oil concentration.
- Fit the data to a suitable model, such as the logistic regression model, to calculate the IC50 value using software tools like GraphPad Prism or similar.
References
For accurate scientific referencing, you can refer to the following sources:
- Nazzaro, F., Fratianni, F., De Martino, L., Coppola, R., & De Feo, V. (2013). Effect of essential oils on pathogenic bacteria. Pharmaceuticals, 6(12), 1451-1474.
This paper discusses the methodologies for evaluating the biological activities of essential oils and provides insights into solvent choices and dilution techniques.
- Pandey, A., & Tripathi, S. (2014). Concept of standardization, extraction, and pre-phytochemical screening strategies for herbal drug. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2(5).
This article provides details on extraction methods and solvent selection for essential oils.
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The topic should relate to pharmacy ,drug, methos of drug discovery, or any other topic but related to dug or pharmaceutical field
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In the field of pharmaceutics, it is possible to do a systematic review of clinical applications of cyclodextrin nanoparticles.
This is because cyclodextrin-conjugated nanoparticles are able to combine the advantages of cyclodextrins and nanoparticles: enhanced water solubility and drug loading, targeted drug delivery with minimum toxicity to normal cells, greater surface area, improved drug loading and higher stability than other nanocarriers such as microparticles and liposomes.
The following two systematic reviews were already published in 2022 and 2021 respectively:
[1]Cyclodextrin nanoparticles for diagnosis and potential cancer therapy: A systematic review
[2]Cyclodextrin-based nanoparticles for pharmaceutical applications: A review,
Therefore, it is possible to conduct a new review on cyclodextrin nanoparticles for pharmaceutical applications as an antimicrobial agent, if such a review has never been conducted before.
The title of this new review shall be “Cyclodextrin-based nanoparticles for pharmaceutical applications as an antimicrobial agent: A review”.
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Inflation of unqualified unv-diplomas cause unemployment among graduates. Children of high social statue families most will be employed ! While others, most will be unemployed or underemployed. With board exams not only graduates but also universities will also be objectively classified for their BA/BS.
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  1. Degree Inflation: It's true that the value of a BA/BS degree may be perceived as diminishing over time due to the increasing number of individuals obtaining these degrees. This can lead to what is often referred to as "degree inflation," where a bachelor's degree becomes less of a distinguishing factor in the job market.
  2. Unemployment: While a BA/BS degree is still a significant milestone and can open doors to many career opportunities, the unemployment rate for recent graduates can be influenced by various factors, including economic conditions, the job market's demand for specific skills, and the individual's preparedness for the workforce.
  3. National Board Exams: In professions like medicine, pharmacy, dentistry, and law, rigorous national board exams are required after graduation to ensure that graduates meet a certain standard of competence. These exams are a form of quality control that helps maintain the integrity and reputation of the profession.
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Dear Friends,
I want to know about upcoming International conferences that will be held on any top best pharmacy organization/university throughout the world..If anybody know, then please let me know about it...
Thanks
Dr. Aman Shrivastava
Associate Professor
INDIA
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welcome
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I need help, what would be the alternative for this two for type 1 diabetes that can be bought on a pharmacy
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Pharmacological agents are routinely used for diabetes induction in animal studies. Despite STZ alone, researchers can use some agents along with STZ to reduce its harmful effects. Methylglyoxal is a second metabolite of glucose metabolism that is naturally produced in glycolysis. Methylglyoxal converts to lactate and other metabolites that have no toxic impact through the glyoxalase system. In diabetics, because of a dysfunction of the glyoxalase system, methylglyoxal accumulates over the optimum level leading to damage to beta cells and progressive diabetes induction. So, methylglyoxal alone or accompanied by STZ can be used for diabetes induction.
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Greetings, I am Zahraa Suhail Nassir, a lecturer at the University of Baghdad's College of Pharmacy. I am grateful that you have forwarded the suggested scientific journal titles, including Scopus.
With regards
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Recommended Topics
  • Assessing learning outcomes /assessment strategies in health professions education;
  • Bridging the gap between academia and professionals;
  • Case Based/Problem Based/Project Based Learning in health professions education;
  • Comparative analysis of teaching pedagogies;
  • Competency-based training for the modern health workforce;
  • Curricula design and accreditation;
  • E-learning innovations in health professions education;
  • Evolution of health professions roles in the changing healthcare landscape;
  • Future trends in health professions education;
  • Inclusion, diversity and accessibility in health professions graduate programs;
  • Integrating digital health technologies into curricula;
  • Integrating evidence-based practice education in health professions curricula;
  • International perspectives on health professions education;
  • Lifelong learning for health professionals;
  • Perspectives on learning and teaching in health professions education;
  • Simulation based learning;
  • The impact of undergraduate interventions on patient outcomes;
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I like your "Future trends in health professions education" chapter because the education of a healthcare professional is of foremost relevance in his or her functioning as that professional. And the future should rely on the past to mold the techniques in schooling. I wish you success in your chapter-writing as some of my published papers have been referenced in chapters in books. Good luck!
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Kindly share your opinion on the "Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology" journal.
Is this journal genuine or Scopus-indexed?
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Hi sir,
RJPT has Scopus coverage from 2011 to 2023. it may be updated soon. it is not indexed by Web of Science, Scopus impact factor is 0.8 (2 years)
I attached the link here.
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Can anyone share a link to a publication in which this is announced as a novelty? I am curious who first invented this kind of protection against infectious transmissions from patients to drugstore staff. I'm curious how old this idea is.
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Where is the list of UGC approved pharmacy journals available?
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The University Grants Commission (UGC) of India provides a list of approved journals across various disciplines, including pharmacy. The UGC maintains a dedicated website called the "UGC-CARE List of Journals" where you can find the approved journals.
To access the UGC-CARE List of Journals:
1. Visit the UGC-CARE website at https://ugccare.unipune.ac.in/.
2. On the homepage, you will find a section titled "UGC-CARE List of Journals." Click on it.
3. This will take you to the UGC-CARE List of Journals page, where you can see different categories of journals. Look for the "Pharmacy" category or use the search function to find pharmacy-related journals.
4. Click on the relevant category or search results to view the list of approved journals in pharmacy.
5. The list will provide information about the journal's title, ISSN, publisher, and other relevant details.
Please note that the UGC-CARE List of Journals is regularly updated, so it is advisable to check the website periodically for any revisions or additions to the list. Additionally, it is important to verify the specific requirements of your institution or organization regarding the acceptance of publications from these approved journals.
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Hi,
I am new to research in the field of medicine. What would be the best way or method to find the prescribing cascade ? Should I have excel file and check it against the patient pharmacy record ?
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Dear Doctor
Go To
Prescribing Cascades: How to Detect Them, Prevent Them, and Use Them Appropriately
Tobias Dreischulte, Faiza Shahid, Christiane Muth, Sven Schmiedl, and Walter Emil Haefeli
Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2022 Nov; 119(44): 745–752.
Published online 2022 Nov 4. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0306
"Conclusions
Implications for clinical practice
Numerous prescribing cascades have already been described in the literature. A differentiated consideration of these shows, on the one hand, that unintentional and avoidable prescription cascades must be prevented more effectively in order to reduce unnecessary polypharmacy and its associated risks. On the other hand, prescribing cascades may be part of good prescribing practice and necessary for a positive benefit–risk balance in the overall treatment approach. One can also assume that many prescribing cascades have yet to be detected and that with the use of novel drugs, new ADR profiles will emerge (for example, checkpoint inhibitors) that lead to new prescribing cascades.
Implications for research
It has been shown that it is important to further develop current approaches for the systematic identification of previously undetected prescribing cascades and enable a better distinction between clinically relevant prescription cascades and spurious signals in which the prescription of a second drug has no causal relationship to the prescription of the precipitating drug. A systematic review compiles currently known prescribing cascades (40).
The extended classification system for prescribing cascades proposed here can provide a theoretical framework to classify the identified prescribing cascades into appropriate, necessary, and potentially inappropriate prescribing cascades. This can be used to develop practically implementable, potentially electronic instruments, aiming to alert physicians to both potentially inappropriate and potentially omitted prescribing cascades."
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Research Journal of Pharmacy and technology
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Yes, it is in the Scopus Q3 quartile this year from June onwards before that, it was in the Q2 quartile.
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State board exams must be compulsory in some professions since diplomas of so many universities can't be trusted at all and are founded for profit & they act as diploma mill !
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Yes, state exam should be necessary for willing professional who, want to go abroad.
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Looking for international co-researchers for my 8 on going researches.
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Yes, it is needed as per my understanding.
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Drugs Informations
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Alendronate:
  • Chemical Structure: Alendronate is a bisphosphonate with the chemical name [4-amino-1-hydroxybutylidene]bisphosphonic acid. Its chemical formula is C4H13NO7P2 and its molecular weight is 249.1 g/mol.
  • Functional Groups: Alendronate contains two phosphonic acid groups (-PO3H2) and one hydroxyl group (-OH).
  • Drug Class: Alendronate is a medication used to treat osteoporosis and Paget's disease of bone. It is classified as a bisphosphonate drug.
Paclitaxel:
  • Chemical Structure: Paclitaxel is a natural product with the chemical name (2aR,4S,4aS,6R,9S,11S,12S,12aR,12bS)-12b-(acetyloxy)-12-(benzoyloxy)-2a,3,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11,12,12a,12b-dodecahydro-4,6,11-trihydroxy-4a,8,13,13-tetramethyl-5-oxo-7,11-methano-1H-cyclodeca[3,4]benz[1,2-b]oxet-9-yl (2R,3S)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate. Its chemical formula is C47H51NO14 and its molecular weight is 853.9 g/mol.
  • Functional Groups: Paclitaxel contains several functional groups including an ester group, two hydroxyl groups, and an amide group.
  • Drug Class: Paclitaxel is a chemotherapy medication used to treat various types of cancer including breast, ovarian, and lung cancer. It is classified as a taxane drug.
Thiophene:
Thiophene can be dissolved in various solvents including ethanol, ether, benzene, and toluene. The solubility of thiophene in water is very low (0.052 g/L at room temperature) and it is generally not recommended to dissolve it in water. To dissolve thiophene, it can be added to the solvent slowly with stirring and heating may also be necessary to increase solubility. It is important to handle thiophene with care as it is flammable and toxic.
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Hello, i'm student in Faculty of pharmacy and i never Published any Articles or Scientific Papers but i see one paper in my profile, i afraid it's not mine, there is some mistake and i think it's just Names similarity.
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This is a frequent problem in ResearchGate, caused by an automatic algorithm of RG. See "A publication in my profile doesn’t belong to me" in https://explore.researchgate.net/display/support/Authorship for instructions how to remove this publication from your profile.
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nil
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Yes
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-nil-
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It is definitely a valuable field, but sadly the PCI is considerably less influential than MCI or DCI and is accompanied by the associated drawbacks.
With a Diploma, becoming an MR is the most common career choice. After BPharm and MPharm, the probability of getting a decent and competitive salary increases in the industry.
In India, Industrial Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Management, and Pharmacovigilance are the main 3 fields that generate consistent employment.
It depends on what you are trying to pursue with your pharmacy degree. Also, to get reasonable increments as you work, having a Master's degree does give a good boost.
Decide what you would want to pursue as a career and choose your field and the level of education accordingly, as there is something called being "overqualified" as well (especially after doing a Ph.D.) in India.
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How many grams of K2Cr2O7 to dissolve it in 1 liter Distilled water to obtain 50 ppm of Chromium? to become aqueous solution, Is there a specific equation to apply? Thanks
Ali
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Ali Safaa I think that depends on what purpose you need that solution for. For example, if you needed to make a solution with a concentration of just the chromium(IV) ion in an analytical study, you would need half of that mass you calculated above because for every mole of potassium dichromate, there are two moles of chromium(IV). Here I post the stoichiometric relationship that I made to calculate that concentration and I hope it makes sense.
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What are the Secondary Metabolites that present? Is it necessary to do the tests to prove them in the lab by color changing chemicals?
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Olive bark is a term used to describe the outer layer of the bark from an olive tree. It is composed of layers of thick, dark-colored cork cells, which protect the inner bark from weather and pests. Olive bark is harvested for use in various products, including homeopathic medicines, cosmetics, and dyes.
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Hello! What are the oldest literary sources you know that would mention pharmaceutical salts? I am aware of the first cocrystal [benzoquinone + hydroquinone] (1:1) investigated in 1844, but I could not find any mention of the first (or even the first described) pharmaceutical salt (Wohler, F. Untersuchungen über das Chinon / F. Wohler // Ann. Chem. Pharm. – 1844. – V. 51. – P. 145-163). If you know of such sources, please share them. Thanks in advance
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Interesting situation. As soon as I write a question here, I immediately find the answer. Here are some papers on pharmaceutical salts (responding to my comment above): 1) 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120993; 2) 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102913
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In almost all countries students can enter medical, dental, pharmacy, law schools after high school education but not in USA & Canada. Probably the reason to this is to avoid most of the bright students prefer to enter directly to these branches just due to their relatively higher average incomes. So let them see other branches also and if they can excel let them go to their path rather than medical, dental, pharmacy, law schools since every branch needs best students. It is relatively difficult to enter medical, dental, pharmacy, law schools with very competetive entrance examinations such as MCAT, DCAT, LCAT and other credentials whereas most of them fail due to lack of places in these schools. Other than these, after admission to these schools courseworks also require much more effort since they are directly involved with the well being of each individual person by the service these professionals. Since I entered in most popular medical school in my country after high school I rather prefer to enter medicine after secondary school.
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This a great question! US and Canada have their own educational philosophy. This question can not be answered with one or two arguments. Only if somebody visits high prestige medical, law etc schools in the New Land and witness how they really work, they will understand why they don’t get in these schools directly after high school.
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Can you please add in the comments the outline /content of the undergraduate Pharmacology courses taught to undergrad students in your institution?
What type of simulation program do you use in your pharmacology courses/What university?
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Master of Pharmacy ( Pharmacology) at GLA university and I am working on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury
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Simulation programs for In Vivo experiments
Pharmacology Practical course for Undergrad students
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Ex-Pharm Series Software : https://heb-nic.in/ex-pharm/
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Before submitting a paper work to a journal, knowing its reputability is important.
What we look at to identify whether a journal is reputable or not? If two journals are reputable, is/are there way/s of selecting the better one?
Thank you
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I want to do liposomes release profile, I was wondering if I can use dialysis bags as I already have them cut of 12 kda instead of using dialysis tubes as I have seen everyone is using that.
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Hi Bayan Rashad abu ras Yes, you can use dialysis bags to check the release kinetics. You can try Amicon 10 kDa filters. This should retain your liposomes.
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Hello everyone !!
What do you think about veterinary pharmacy? I want to know about veterinary pharmacy in other country because in my country, veterinary pharmacy is not popular and not have many veterinary pharmacy. So can you tell me how about veterinary pharmacy in your country?? and what do you think about it?? i mean is it really important or maybe not important?? thanks for your opinion
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I believe its good to have trained pharmacist providing meds for animals. In my country most Vets carry their own medical supplies and dispense or have a technician give the medicine. Its an area that needs addressing
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Can anybody suggest me research paper or materials that discuss mobile or web-based pharmacy recommender systems with list price and nearest location?
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Hello.
I'm planning to grow an E. coli DH10B (Amp-r). My question is, as I'm an student, it's kinda hard to afford to buy lab grade Ampiciline...
Can I use common Ampicillin to grow these bateria? I mean, the Amp you can get in a pharmacy, which is Trihydrate Ampiciline...
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Yes you can use marketed Ampicillin.
There will be difference of solubility in marketed ampicillin vs lab grade ampicillin.
.
As previously answered by @ResalifaYusita's for research purpose lab grade ampicillin is recommended.
If possible you can perform assay for ampicillin referring latest Pharmacopoeia.
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When export is higher than import it creates employment. Bangladesh need creating employment opportunity badly. It seems demand for foreign goods is very much responsible for higher imports of Bangladesh. Bangladesh has a lot of industry which is reputable in world, like- RMD Garments, Shipbuilding, Cement, Ceramics, pharmacy etc.
But Bangladeshi people like to wear China's product, government prefer to buy Foreign Ship, people also prefer GSK Pharmaceuticals’ medicine over Square Pharmaceuticals, also want to buy foreign ceramics over ceramics product of Bangladesh. That’s why businessmen and government of Bangladesh imports a lot of product from other country but it can be provided by Bangladeshi companies, if that happened local production will increase, imports will decrease so, employment opportunity will increase.
In view of the above, Is Bangladeshi people's demand for foreign goods responsible for higher import?
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Yes, it's all game of demand and supply.
.
Higher the demand of other country's products, the higher the import in country vise versa.
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Hi, I was contacted by this Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy journal with a request to publish a study of mine in their journal. Can anyone give me information about it.
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I like to add a warning: the website https://www.resurchify.com/looks misleadingly trustworthy, but I see a number of disturbing things with this website. For example, in their list of journals https://www.resurchify.com/e/journal/all-categories/all-countries/all-years/page/1/there are suspect ones like (just check a couple of pages):
-International Journal of Information Technology, Control and Automation https://www.resurchify.com/ed/ijitca-2021-international-journal-of-information-technology/10285 https://wireilla.com/ijitca/indexing.html is published by Wireilla Scientific Publications a publisher mentioned in the Beall’s list https://beallslist.net/
-Numerous journals like International Journal of Ad hoc, sensor & Ubiquitous Computing (IJASUC) are published by AIRCC Publishing Corporation which is mentioned in the Beall’s list https://beallslist.net/ as well
So, despite some interesting and seemingly genuine information they also are linked to less reputed journals and publishers. Combined with the misleading suggestion that they give impact factor info (while this is an estimate based on Scopus info) and the total absence of real contact information I do not trust this source.
Best regards.
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In gastric environment (acidic pH), amino group from chitosan became ionized, so it forms ionic interaction with negative-charged-group at gastric mucose.
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Disulphide bond always facilitates mucoadhesive strength.
However, can un-thiolated chitosan have interaction with small intestine mucose (pH ~7/ not in acidic environment) and provide mucoadhesive strength?
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The ALG and PEG surface modification of chitosan nanoparticles improved the particle stability in both simulated gastric and intestinal fluids and improved the mucoadhesive properties, therefore constituting a potential nanocarrier platform for mucosal protein vaccine delivery
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I've come across a protocol which mentions the ability to reduce protein (bovine serum albumin) dissolution rate in aqueous media through some "special treatment". Unfortunately, no mention is made as to what this special treatment consists of. Do any protocols exist for the modulation of dissolution rates of proteins such as BSA?
Ref in question is:
Hoth, Matthias, and Hans P. Merkle. "Formulation of silicone matrix systems for long term constant release of peptides." Drug development and industrial pharmacy 17.7 (1991): 985-999.
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Actually, BSA stabilized the enzyme by hydrophobic interactions with the heated enzyme and that surface hydrophobicity is a major determinant of the extent of stabilization by a protein.
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I'm looking for the journal with no APC in the dept of Pharmaceutical science which should be included in Scopus
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I have provided you the SCOPUS rankings from 2020 and the last 3 years in an Excel table. Apart from the table, you can access the list via https://www.scimagojr.com/journalrank.php?category=3611&type=j
However, there are adjacent categories like Pharmaceutical Science, Pharmacology, Pharmacology (medical) etc. If you need other rankings, you can adjust the search terms. Unfortunately, it is not apparent which of these journals are free (That is if you do not mean Open Access; in this case, a litte symbol left to the journal name indicates it).
Some universitites, like mine, also use the Journal Citation Reports by Clarivate.
If you nee more information, please let me know!
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I received this in my email:
Dear (no name), Hello! As a representative of ENCYCLOPAEDIC PUBLISHING PTE.LTD., I sincerely invite you to serve as a member of the editorial board of the new international academic journal "Journal of North Pharmacy". With your professional experience and academic achievements in pharmacy, I sincerely hope that you will join us. "Journal of North Pharmacy" is an open-access international academic journal whose purpose is to publish innovative academic papers for the global "Journal of North Pharmacy" industry, introduce unique scientific research results, and expand international exchanges and cooperation. The language used in the journal is English.
I googled the name of this publisher and it actually exists. Is it just a startup or another spam.a
I am afraid that this is another predatory publisher, looks like the same start of MDPI and alikes.
Please let us know about this publisher or any similar ones. Thanks.
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The publisher “ENCYCLOPAEDIC PUBLISHING PTE.LTD.” http://en.encyclopub.com/ indeed seems to exist since 2019 (https://www.scilit.net/publisher/12746). It is/used to be primarily focussed on the Chinese market/researchers (by itself of course no problem but I see no real signs for their ambition to become internationally oriented).
Using their contact info (21 Serangoon North Avenue 5, #03-03 Ban Teck Han Building,Singapore 554864) you see a link to PiscoMed Publishing Pte. Ltd. http://www.piscomed.com/ and Frontier Scientific Publishing Pte. Ltd. http://www.front-sci.com/contact/where PiscoMed is mentioned in the Beall’s list (https://beallslist.net/ ) of potential predatory publishers.
Without looking at the actual publications it is to me all too vague and I would stay away from this one.
Best regards.
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Dear Fellows
With the developing stories of the spread of COVID-19 all around the world, which has been declared as a pandemic by WHO recently, I am wondering, in how much time this virus would vanish from the surface of the Earth? Is there any scientific study available for this?
Please share your opinions.
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Todavía no se puede predecir q desaparecerá el Covid 19. Al parecer tendremos q convivir con él e inmunizarnos con las vacunas aprobadas por la OMS.
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When you read about the treatment goals for Glaucoma, you'll find for example : the target IOP is determined by factors like baseline IOP, Rate of disease progession, etc... I want to know which branch of pharmacy the above Q relates to? The treatment targets and goals aren't clinical Pharmacology, so what branch if I want to delve deeper (How these goals are set, why these goals specifically) I should read?
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I am a clinical Pharmacy Specialist with about 4 years of experience. Mostafa Elsersy
To get this straight, the treatment goal is addressed under pharmacotherapy one area of clinical pharmacy. Unless you have a measurable goal or pre-defined goals (sign or symptoms improvements) it is difficult to assess whether the treatment is adequate or not. Specific to your question, the main goal of Glaucoma treatment is to halt or slow down the disease progression or to prevent further deterioration of the vision. Lowering IOP help to decrease the disease progression or prevents glaucoma in patients with ocular hypertension (without optic nerve damage). If you want to dig more you can read standard textbooks such as Pharmacotherapy: A pathophysiologic approach (Joseph T. Dipiro) or Applied Therapeutics: The Clinical Use of Drugs (Caroline S. Zeind)
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I read that diabetic retinopathy can affect people with type 1 and 2 diabetes, especially those who have uncontrolled blood sugar and have diabetes for a long time. How can uncontrolled blood sugar cause diabetic retinopathy? and how is the treatment for diabetic retinopathy patients? thank you.
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Initially, the main treatment was laser treatment to coagulate leaking retinal blood vessels. Today, intravitreal injections from the group of anti-VEGF drugs are standard in the treatment of both macular edema and diabetic retinopathy. The injections are given after local anesthesia with drops through the sclera and are completely painless. Treatment is carried out monthly for several months or years. With the help of these injections, better results are achieved than after laser treatment because the laser also damages the surrounding healthy tissue. Improvement of vision is often achieved, and not only stabilization of existing vision. After improving vision with injections, the treatment is supplemented with classic laser treatment, which then permanently preserves the existing condition. In our Clinic we have the most modern laser photocoagulator Pascal which is significantly less painful
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There are number of report in the literature where ruthenium or gold showing highly cytotoxicity towards cancer cells growth but we generally used cis-platin or its derivatives for the treatment of cancer cells line. What are the reason that platinum is so special?
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Dear Khushwant Singh many thanks for your very interesting technical question. It is well established that a variety of other metal complexes exhibit high cytotoxicity against cancer cells, including complexes of gallium, tin, titanium, palladium, gold etc. However, most of these have been studied only in a single lab, while cis-platin has undergone all clinical trials and has been approved as anti-cancer metallodrug. There are various useful articles available in which potential alternatives are described. However, most of them are still awaiting clinical trials. For more information about this issue please have a look at the following relevant articles:
1. Anticancer Applications and Recent Investigations of Metallodrugs Based on Gallium, Tin and Titanium
This review article has been published Open Access (see attached pdf file)
2. Palladium-Based Anti-Cancer Therapeutics
3. Novel Metals and Metal Complexes as Platforms for Cancer Therapy
and various others.
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Do anybody know anything about implementation of MIS in pharmacy or in a medical section???/
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dear Dani Mirza An effective pharmaceutical management information system (PMIS) can synthesize the large volume of data generated by pharmaceutical management operations. It then processes the data into information for use in planning activities, estimating demand, allocating resources, and monitoring and evaluating pharmaceutical management operations. This information can be in the form of a few key indicators that allow staff at all levels to monitor both their own performance and that of the units for which they are responsible. A good PMIS also alerts staff to problems and triggers critical actions. Another important function is to improve health system accountability. Much of the recording and reporting in a PMIS is intended to create an audit trail for products as they enter or leave a pharmaceutical supply system.
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Hello there!
I am a junior pharmacist at the University of Mosul, college of pharmacy.
This topic is my graduation project research!!
I hope you will help me with it.
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Dear Sufyan Ali Turmeric and especially its most active compound curcumin have many scientifically-proven health benefits, such as the potential to prevent heart disease, Alzheimer's and cancer. It's a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant and may also help improve symptoms of depression and arthritis.In traditional medicine turmeric is used to enhance the immune system and as a cure for different respiratory diseases such as asthma and for allergy [4]. Tumeric has also been traditionaly used for the treatment of diabetes, cough, sinusitis, flu, rheumatism and liver disorders
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 I describe in my PhD thesis the status and fates Jewish pharmacists in the interwar Czechoslovakia and their fate during Second World War. The largest number of Jewish pharmacists was located on the territory of Carpathian Ruthenia, followed by Slovakia and ultimately historic lands - Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia. 
The Munich Agreement, the Second Republic and the beginning of World War II meant a tragedy for Jewish pharmacists .  Only a few individuals of them emigrated in time. Largely Jewish pharmacists from Czech lands finished in the Terezin ghetto (where it served as a hospital pharmacy), some killed right in the ghetto, some in the subsequent concentration camps (Dachau, Auschwitz and others). Pharmacies of Jewish owners were Aryanized. The fates of the Jews, who lived in  Slovakia and Hungarian Kingdom (occupied Carpathian Ruthenia and south of Slovakia), Sudetenland (occupied Germany) and Cieszyn Silesia (occupied Poland) were somewhat different, but their fate was no less tragic.  But I have lack information about their fates.
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للاسف كلا
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I have decided to examine the effect of potassium nitrate on certain disease symptom. Unfortunately, there are a few companies which produce potassium nitrate capsules and their capsules are not pure potassium nitrate and some sort of vitamins are added to them which can interfere with my results.
Potassium nitrate is readily available in form of powder. I wanted to know that is that possible that I simply put a desired amount of potassium nitrate powder in empty capsules and give them to patients to use them? I have this questions since capsules usually have excipients such as silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, etc.
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How Baldelli says, check the toxicity. Nitrate is extraordinary odidazing and irritangt.
The reason because capsules carry more products are (between others) 3. Is the quantity is very small you can easily make a mistake in the weight, for this the product is diluted in a solid excipient and the quantity to put is bigger (less mistake). Second if you use a automatic machine to fill the capsules you need a phisical properties for the solid, so you must add more excipients in order to be sure the solid flow correctly, etc, etc. If you fill the capsules one to one by hand, weighing individually, this is no necessary. The third is that the product can be harmless if it contacts gastric or esophagical mucose, so again is diluted with sokid product to be sure it dissolves and no remain in the mucose.
Galenic its no simply, so be sure what you are doing with a so dangerous product.
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How do you feel about prescribing standardised Chinese herbal medicine to patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, especially for irregular or no period?
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Ayurveda has many medicines for PCOD. Among them, Pushpadhanwa Rasa is a very effective Ayurveda medicine for PCOD. Kindly find the research paper on PCOD.
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Top-tier biomedical journals have very few articles on " pharmacy/pharmacy practice". Do people think there are any specific reasons for this? Comments are welcome.
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Most Clinical Pharmacists/Pharmacy Practitioners publish in journals such as Int. J. Pharmacy practice, Int. J. Clinical Pharmacy, Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research, Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy etc.
We are a relatively Large profession and publishing in these journals brings our research to the attention of our peers.
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I endeavour to establish the mental health impact Covid-19 has had on pharmacy personnel in South Africa. I need help designing quantitative questionnaire to attain the required information. Any input will be appreciated
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You may consider adapting already established validated and reliable tools to assess mental health status. You can choose any one or two tools based on your research questions and target population. I am sharing some tools for the adult population.
Common Mental Disorders Questionnaire (CMDQ)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder- 7 (GAD-7)
Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10)
Patient Stress Questionnaire (PSQ)
Patient Health Questionnaire -9 or 12 (PHQ-9/12)
Global Mental Health Assessment Tool - Primary Care Version (GMHAT/PC)
General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12)
You can check out standardized tool developed in local context and use for your study or adapt any of the above in your local cultural context with appropriate permission or procurement of the tool.
Hope this is helpful.
Best Wishes for your research!
Apurva
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An editorial in the International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy by van Mil and Fernandez-Llimos entitled: What is ‘pharmaceutical care’ in 2013? poses several relevant questions about the current definitions of PC. It shed a light on the mesh of working definitions since the original definition proposed by Hepler and Strand and the subsequent alternative terms proposed by other organizations and groups. I invite those individuals with interest in the subject to share their thoughts in this forum.
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Pharmaceutical Care is a patient-centered, outcomes oriented pharmacy practice that requires the pharmacist to work in concert with the patient and the patient's other healthcare providers to promote health, to prevent disease, and to assess, monitor, initiate, and modify medication use to assure that drug therapy
The principal elements of pharmaceutical care are that it is medication related; it is care that is directly provided to the patient; it is provided to produce definite outcomes; these out- comes are intended to improve the patient's quality of life; and the provider accepts personal responsibility for the outcomes.
These outcomes are (1) curing a disease, (2) elimination or reduction of a patients' symptomatology, (3) arresting or slowing down a disease process, or (4) preventing a disease or symptomatology.
Clinical pharmacy was originally defined as the area of pharmacy concerned with the science and practice of rational medication use, pharmaceutical care as the responsible provision of drug therapies to achieve definite outcomes
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  • What is the time taken for steady state to be established in adults for ( Mycophenolate mofetil ) ?
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Please bear in mind that there is a large interindividual variability in the bioavailability and therefore the plasma concentration of parent mycophenolate and active metabolite. The variation can b as large as 30%. You may consider checking the plasma concentration in critical cases.
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  1. I had published books as a part of my research interest related to pharmacy field (Pharmacology). Now, I am interested to submit books to review in academic journals (Book review publish). Can any one answer me how to submit book reviews and what are the free pharmacy journals without any fee that accepts the book reviews for publication.
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You should ask it to the book editor of the journal.
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They've invited me to publish and to become a reviewer/editor.
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The journal ”International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry” is published by SciencePG (or Science Publishing Group) which is listed in the Beall’s list of potential predatory publishers:
This is an important red flag. Other red flags are:
-In the indexing info no serious indexing in fact for example “Directory of Research Journals Indexing (DRJI)” is an example of a misleading metrics: https://beallslist.net/misleading-metrics/
-Misleading location: ‘office’ is USA is a virtual office (something predatory publisher often use to suggest another location than the real location Pakistan)
-See for numerous examples of predatory features of this publisher: http://flakyj.blogspot.com/2017/01/science-publishing-group-sciencepg.html
So better to avoid.
Best regards.
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Dear Dr. Greetings from Cuba. We develop a project to obtain a formulations of EPN (Cuba strain), did you have possibilities to received young lady fellow? I am agronomic engineer but I have in my team a young lady with a bachelor in Pharmacy but we need help in formulation. Thanks in advanced.
Dr. Mayra G. Rodriguez
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Respected mam@
Thank you for your interest. But I don't deal with the formulation part.
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Hello all, I am unable to get knowledge of one basic function of Surescripts. I do understand that physician sends directly Rx to a one chosen pharmacy (or a chain of pharmacies?). Now what happens when patient wants (for any reason) to fill his/hers Rx in different pharmacy? Is that somewhat possible? We all talking about Surescripts-sent Rx, not a paper traditional form...
Thank a lot for answer.
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Here are the steps to transfer your prescription to a different pharmacy:
  1. Call or visit the new pharmacy to request an Rx transfer.
  2. Give the new pharmacy the names of all the medications you want to transfer, along with dosage and Rx numbers.
  3. Provide your current pharmacy’s contact information. The new pharmacy will contact your old pharmacy and take care of most of the process.
  4. Wait for the transfer to be completed, allowing at least 1-3 business days. Jan Bruthans
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Indeed, I have observed that there is some scientific journals that listed in Scopus sources of not good quality from scientific point of view. At the same time some Universities are depending on Scoups in a similar manner to that of Thomson & Routers or Clarivate analytics.
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LanguagesEnglishAccessProvidersElsevierCostSubscriptionCoverageDisciplinesLife sciences; social sciences; physical sciences; health sciencesTemporal coverage2004–presentGeospatial coverageWorldwideNo. of records69 millionLinks
  • Website
  • Title list
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What is the best way to get the plasticizer Oligomeric lactic acid ?
Which is found in scientific article (Luc Avérous, 2001) and they purchased from Sigma.
And in another article(Nuria Burgos, 2012) also used but it says that it is a patent for one company (Condensia Química) which located in Spain?
And is there any chance to purchase here from Malaysia ?
With Thanks 
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Hi,
You may make an inquiry at Alfa Chemistry, they offer kinds of chemicals for research use.
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Genome sequencing helps find vital information, for example the strain type, virulence, location of origin and differences between strains transmitted within the country and in other countries
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You can find a centralized database of genomes on https://www.gisaid.org/ . To access them, you have to register and it can take some time to actually obtain the info. Nevertheless, you can see the authors of the publications and contact them directly.
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FDA has issued guidance to provide recommendations to health care providers and investigators on the administration and study of investigational convalescent plasma collected from individuals who have recovered from COVID-19 (COVID-19 convalescent plasma) during the public health emergency.
The guidance provides recommendations on the following:
  • pathways for use of investigational COVID-19 convalescent plasma
  • patient eligibility
  • collection of COVID-19 convalescent plasma, including donor eligibility and donor qualifications
  • labeling, and
  • record keeping
Because COVID-19 convalescent plasma has not yet been approved for use by FDA, it is regulated as an investigational product.  A health care provider must participate in one of the pathways described below.  FDA does not collect COVID-19 convalescent plasma or provide COVID-19 convalescent plasma.  Health care providers or acute care facilities should instead obtain COVID-19 convalescent plasma from an FDA-registered blood establishment.
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I am making home-made sanitizers according to the WHO protocol. One of the ingredients is hydrogen peroxide. One need to use 3% of hydrogen peroxide, so that the final concentration is 0.125% v/v. The bottle I bought at the pharmacy is written 40 Volume. What does this mean, and how much of hydrogen peroxide of this can I add, if I am making a total volume of 1000mL?
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I fully agree with Theopoline Itenge in that "40 Volume H2O2" means a 12% v/v aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide. A problem with this specification is that it is not used in chemistry but in hairdressing /hairstyling (see attached pictures). 40 Volume is the highest concentration using for hair bleaching. The second picture comes from a book entitled "Science for Hairdressing Students" and explains the situation in detail.
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Looking on how students in pharmacy relate their knowledge to disease stage or how they relate mechanisms of action of drugs, I discovered that these areas are not well-addressed. Such design that does integrate physiology, pathophysiology and mechanisms by which drugs act, and understanding that setting in a clinical format is affecting the knowledge of pharmacy students and pushing them into the memorisation of pieces of factual knowledge from here and there.
Do you see what I am saying? I am sure that this problem is everywhere and is not graduating students at the standards that we would like to see. What is your experience? And what did you do with such a problem in the design of the curriculum?
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I agree with the answer of Dr. John Jackson.
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Probiotics are live microorganisms that are intended to have health benefits when consumed or applied to the body. They can be found in yogurt and other fermented foods, dietary supplements, and beauty products.
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The virus is primarily spread between people during close contact, often via small droplets produced by coughing, sneezing, or talking. While these droplets are produced when breathing out, they usually fall to the ground or onto surfaces rather than remain in the air over long distances.People may also become infected by touching a contaminated surface and then touching their eyes, nose, or mouth. The virus can survive on surfaces for up to 72 hours. It is most contagious during the first three days after the onset of symptoms, although spread may be possible before symptoms appear and in later stages of the disease.
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Khem Raj Meena I agree with you. But everyone is scared again of the vaccination because of the numerous rumours around it
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Dengue fever is a disease caused by a family of viruses transmitted by infected mosquitoes. It is an acute illness of sudden onset that usually follows a benign course with symptoms such as headache, fever, exhaustion, severe muscle and joint pain, swollen lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), and rash.
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A hospital-acquired infection (HAI), also known as a nosocomial infection, is an infection that is acquired in a hospital or other health care facility. To emphasize both hospital and nonhospital settings, it is sometimes instead called a health care–associated infection (HAI or HCAI).
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Please see the following RG link.
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Biological techniques are methods or procedures that are used to study living things. They include experimental and computational methods, approaches, protocols and tools for biological research.
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The SARS-CoV-2 genome was rapidly sequenced by Chinese researchers. It is an RNA molecule of about 30,000 bases containing 15 genes, including the S gene which codes for a protein located on the surface of the viral envelope (for comparison, our genome is in the form of a double helix of DNA about 3 billion bases in size and contains about 30,000 genes).
Comparative genomic analyses have shown that SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the group of Betacoronaviruses and that it is very close to SARS-CoV, responsible for an epidemic of acute pneumonia which appeared in November 2002 in the Chinese province of Guangdong and then spread to 29 countries in 2003.
A total of 8,098 cases were recorded, including 774 deaths. It is known that bats of the genus Rhinolophus (potentially several cave species) were the reservoir of this virus and that a small carnivore, the palm civet (Paguma larvata), may have served as an intermediate host between bats and the first human cases.
Since then, many Betacoronaviruses have been discovered, mainly in bats, but also in humans. For example, RaTG13, isolated from a bat of the species Rhinolophus affinis collected in China's Yunan Province, has recently been described as very similar to SARS-CoV-2, with genome sequences identical to 96 percent.
These results indicate that bats, and in particular species of the genus Rhinolophus, constitute the reservoir of the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 viruses.
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The Sarbecoviruses (SARS and SARS-related beta coronaviruses) are a faily diverse clade of coronaviruses. Merbecoviruses (MERS and MERS-related beta coronaviruses) are another clade with similar diversity. The SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 sarbecoviruses are quite distant from each other.
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A man in China has reportedly died from the hantavirus, which is one of a family of viruses spread by rodents that can cause disease in humans. The man from Yunnan Province in southwest China was traveling east by bus to Shadong Province, and the 32 other people on board are also being tested for hantavirus, according to the state-run Global Times newspaper as reported by Newsweek on Tuesday.
What is the hantavirus?
This family of diseases is spread mainly by rodents — particularly the deer mouse in the U.S. — and can cause different diseases in people around the world. Each hantavirus has a specific rodent host species. Hantaviruses in the Americas are known as “New World” hantaviruses, and can cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), with symptoms including fatigue, fever and muscle ache in early stages, and coughing and shortness of breath later on. Other hantaviruses, known as “Old World” hantaviruses, are mostly seen in Europe and Asia, and can cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), with symptoms including intense headaches, back and abdominal pain, fever, chills, nausea and blurred vision. Both diseases are considered rare, but can be fatal.
How dangerous is it?
Developing HPS (hantavirus pulmonary syndrome) and HFRS (hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome) can be fatal. HPS has a mortality rate of 38%. Depending upon which virus is causing the HFRS, death occurs in less than 1% to as many as 15% of patients. But both of these are also pretty rare, and while some patients have long recovery times of weeks or months, many patients make a full recovery without lasting complications.