Pharmacotherapy - Science topic

The human brain, a pivotal organ governing the intricate activities of the body, is susceptible to various disorders stemming from defects or abnormalities. While genetics and environmental factors stand as primary influencers, the etiology of mental disorders is multifaceted, encompassing a myriad of genetic predispositions and environmental trigg...

Objetivo: Discutir as potencialidades e limitações dos serviços farmacêuticos voltados à transição hospital-domicílio e estratégias para otimizar resultados. Revisão bibliográfica: Boas práticas no cuidado voltadas à alta hospitalar são importantes para evitar agravos aos pacientes e reincidência de internação decorrentes de problemas relacionados...

A mania de Bell, também denominada de mania aguda delirante e outras nomenclaturas, é um quadro clínico grave, de etiologia e fisiopatologia pouco conhecidas, caracterizada pela manifestação súbita e simultânea dos sintomas de mania e delirium. Atualmente inexistem critérios diagnósticos consensuais e diretrizes terapêuticas para seu manejo adequad...

Objective This study reports on patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) therapy trends across the Children’s Hospital Neonatal Consortium. Study design We performed a 12-year (2011–2022) retrospective study of premature infants (< 33 weeks) with a PDA. We utilized descriptive statistics to compare demographic, inpatient, and discharge characteristics in 3-...

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic condition necessitating comprehensive management to prevent complications. Emerging evidence underscores the critical role of sleep duration and quality in influencing glycemic control. This review synthesized longitudinal studies to evaluate the interplay between sleep and glycemic outcomes in adults with T2D. Op...

Background Obesity is a predisposing factor for the onset of hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP). Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) has demonstrated significant short-term efficacy in the treatment of HTG-AP. The current evaluated the long-term efficacy of MBS for the management of recurrent HTG-AP. Methods Between 01 Janu...

Background/Objectives: Education plays a crucial role in encouraging and aiding diabetic patients to take active responsibility for the day-to-day management of their condition and can reduce disease burden, thus minimizing the risk of complications, as well as morbidity and mortality. Lack of information increases the chances of diabetes complicat...

Introduction: The International Classification of Orofacial Pain (ICOP) recognizes orofacial migraine (OFM) and neurovascular orofacial pain (NVOP) as migraine-related entities affecting the facial and oral regions. The diagnostic features of OFM and NVOP indicate that there are many similarities between the two. However, we recently demonstrated t...

Introduction and purpose Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting joints, heart, kidneys, and lungs. It is often bilaterally associated with depression, presenting with sleep troubles, fatigue, and chronic pain, inevitably leading to disability and significant worsening of patients' quality of life. This review aims to summa...

Purpose Although cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is considered the preferred treatment for insomnia in patients with comorbid insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (COMISA), the remission rate with CBT-I is generally considered lower than in insomnia-only populations. There is also a sizable variability in individual treatment resp...

Objective To identify and map systematic reviews on the effectiveness of treatment for depressive disorders among adults. Methods We retrieved systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials involving adults with depressive symptoms from twelve English and four Chinese databases (June 21, 2022). Using an interactive map, we vi...

Background Accumulating evidence supports a role of the microbiota in health and disease, including in multiple sclerosis (MS). How MS drugs affect the microbiota and whether this is part of their mode of action is yet unknown. Objectives To assess how dimethyl fumarate (DMF) affects the gut microbiota and whether the microbiota is associated with...

Dirofilariasis is an uncommon zoonotic infection transmitted by mosquitoes. In humans, it generally presents as nodules in the lungs, subcutaneous tissue, peritoneal cavity, or eyes. However, the present case series is regarding adult worms of Dirofilaria repens recovered from the masseter muscle of two patients in the fourth decade of life. Diagno...

Radiation induced lung injury, known as the main complication of thoracic radiation, remains to be a major resistance to tumor treatment. Based on the recent studies on radiation-induced lung injury, this review collated the possible mechanisms at the level of target cells and key pathways, corresponding prognostic models including predictors, pati...

An important element of supporting pharmacotherapy in hypothyroidism is a pro-health lifestyle, with rational nutrition and recreational physical activity playing important roles. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse selected behavioural determinants of depressive states in women with Hashimoto’s disease. Methods: This study was conduct...

Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de tipo transversal, basado en la recolección de datos clínicos desde 2018 hasta junio de 2023; el enfoque de investigación fue no experimental. La recopilación de datos se realizó en el Hospital Universidad del Norte e incluyó a pacientes diagnosticados con VIH y sida como población objetivo

Objective This study evaluated the feasibility and satisfaction of using a wearable brain activity sensing device for stress reduction among patients experiencing Long COVID (LC). Patients and Methods Patients with LC (N = 45) were invited to participate in an open-label pilot study. Participants were asked to use a brain-sensing electroencephalog...

Objectives The number of elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is increasing due to the extension of life expectancy and advances in pharmacotherapy. Although exercise therapy has shown to be effective in patients with RA, there is a lack of evidence specifically focusing solely on elderly patients. We aimed to review the evidence for the...

Originally native to North America, ragweed has become a pervasive invasive species worldwide over the past century, posing a substantial public health risk as a potent allergen. This review explores the key allergens found in common ragweed, assesses global trends in ragweed sensitization, particularly in China, and examines various therapeutic an...

Atherosclerosis is one of the principal contributors to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is a chronic disease characterized by the accumulation of lipid plaques and immune cells within the walls of arteries, leading to vascular inflammation, decreased blood flow to critical tissue regions and increased risk of heart attack and stroke. It is increas...

RESUMO Este relato de experiência em educação médica é baseado em um relato de caso que teve como objetivo descrever a importância do manejo clínico integrado em pacientes com fibromialgia e comorbidades psiquiátricas, enfatizando o papel dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS). Por meio de uma análise temática, a experiência de uma paciente com...

Background Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) face both personal and system-based barriers in receiving first-line treatment, i.e. cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention (ERP). The present study comprehensively investigated help-seeking behavior, treatment barriers and facilitators, attitudes and...

Background: Bipolar affective disorder is a chronic condition with high relapse rate, morbidity, and psychosocial impairment that often persist despite pharmacotherapy highlighting the need for psychosocial treatments. Non pharmacological intervention like family focused therapy (FFT) can improve the disease outcome i.e. depression and mania sympto...

Alcohol use Disorder( AUD) poses a significant global public health challenge due to its widespread prevelance and substantial impact on individuals and society. Depsite existing pharmacological and psychosocial interventions, treatment outcomes remain varied abd often suboptimal. This review explores the efficacy, safety and mechanistic actions of...

Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains the leading cause of mortality among non-communicable diseases in Ukraine and is often accompanied by various comorbid conditions. Providing pharmaceutical care to patients with CHD and comorbid conditions requires a comprehensive approach that includes ensuring access to medications, supervising rational pharma...

Introduction: Headaches represent a significant global health issue in terms of both prevalence and the complexity of the disorder. The etiology remains unclear, with numerous factors contributing to their development. Pharmacotherapy represents the primary method of treatment, although the influence of physical activity on headache occurrence is a...

Background: Osteoporosis and diabetes mellitus (DM) are both prevalent chronic conditions associated with significant morbidity, particularly in aging populations. Patients with DM are at increased risk of developing osteoporosis due to complex pathophysiological interactions between glucose metabolism and bone health. Although pharmacological inte...

Background: Numerous individuals suffer from attentional issues, such as ADHD. While medication is considered the first-line treatment, it is unavailable to some. As a result, certain individuals are choosing to self-medicate with novel stimulants, a phenomenon that remains poorly understood. We aimed to investigate which NPSs are being used to sel...

Background Heart failure (HF) is a significant global health issue. Appropriate and timely treatment at target doses significantly reduces mortality and enhances quality of life. However, studies indicate suboptimal pharmacotherapy among patients. This study aims to assess the medical treatment of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fr...

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) involves excessive worry impacting daily life. While standard treatments include pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, this case report shows the usefulness of homoeopathic medicine Natrum Arsenicum for managing symptoms related to GAD. A 29-year-old male diagnosed with GAD presented with symptoms of public anxiety,...

During Ramadan, Muslims fast from dawn (Fajr) to sunset (Maghrib), abstaining from food, drink, and oral medications. Adjusting medication regimens is crucial to maintain efficacy and safety while respecting religious observance. This presents unique challenges in maintaining effective pharmacotherapy, especially for chronic conditions and time-sen...

Purpose To summarise the association between potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in older adults, with a special focus on those with atrial fibrillation (AF) and multimorbidity, while exploring potential interventions to improve prescribing quality and their impact on HRQOL. Methods A comprehensiv...

Background: Munchausen Syndrome, classified as a factitious disorder, is a psychiatric condition in which individuals deliberately fabricate or induce medical symptoms to assume the role of a patient. Despite its rarity, the disorder poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its deceptive nature and frequent comorbid psychiatri...

Introduction and purpose: Treatment of conduct disorders is complex, reflecting their combined etiology in organic developmental issues and improper environmental influences. Therefore therapy involves complex psychotherapeutic interventions, focusing not only on the individual, but also on his family system, and sometimes including drug treatment....

The Japan Association of Endocrine Surgery published the first edition of the “Clinical guidelines on the management of thyroid tumors” in 2010 and the revised edition in 2018. The guideline presented herein is the English translation of the revised third edition, issued in 2024. The aim is to enhance health outcomes for patients suffering from thy...

Background Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive treatment modality that is gaining prominence due to the limitations of existing pharmacotherapy approaches. To date, there is a paucity of research examining the awareness of rTMS among psychiatrists in the Arabian Gulf region. In this region, treatment resistance is...

Introduction and purpose Migraine is a prevalent neurological disorder affecting up to 1 billion individuals worldwide. Histamine intolerance, caused by reduced activity of the diamine oxidase enzyme, has been increasingly linked to migraines, with headaches being one of its hallmark symptoms. Clinical studies reveal that migraine patients often ex...

Background Control of major drug-modifiable risk factors for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) remains unsatisfactory in the secondary prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to analyze patient knowledge and attainment of LDL-C, BP, and HbA1c treatment goals and associate...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent and disabling disease with an unmet therapeutic need. The characteristic cartilage loss and alteration of other joint structures result from a complex interaction of multiple risk factors, with mechanical overload consistently playing a central role. This overload generates an inflammatory response in the c...

Introduction and Purpose: The prevalence of obesity is increasing year by year all over the world. Along with the progression of the disease, there is also progress in the pharmacotherapy of obesity. The developing epidemic of obesity indicates that non-pharmacological methods are not able to solve this problem. For over 60 years, there has been a...

Metabolic syndrome encompasses a cluster of predictive metabolic risk factors, including obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and hypertension. It is strongly associated with the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Given the increasing morbidity and mortality associated with metabolic syndrome, along with...

The Hydrocephalus Association organized two workshops with the support of the Rudi Schulte Research Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center entitled “Developing Non-Invasive Hydrocephalus Therapies: Molecular and Cellular Targets”, held September 27–29, 2023, in Dallas, TX, and “Developing Non-Invasive Hydrocephalus Therapies: A...

Introduction The aim of this study was to directly compare behavior therapy (exposure & response prevention; ERP) with pharmacotherapy (risperidone) with respect to tic severity and quality of life in patients with Tourette's disorder or tic disorders. Method A total of 30 participants were randomly assigned to either ERP (12 weekly 1-hour session...

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a significant global health issue, with increasing incidence rates, high treatment costs, and poor prognosis. Adjusting drug dosages in patients with CKD is essential to prevent worsening conditions and ensure proper therapy. This study examines the drug adjustment practices at Hospital X. This research method uses a...

IntroductionType 2 diabetes is the most common disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, characterized by high blood glucose levels. This disease has become one of the major global health issues. Treatment of type 2 diabetes involves both pharmacotherapy and lifestyle changes, with patient education playing a key role in the effectiveness of therapy. Th...

Background Subthreshold post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with nearly the same impairment level as full PTSD. However, the standard treatment for subthreshold PTSD remains unclear. Furthermore, no consensus has been reached on the best way to address grief following the improvement of PTSD symptoms. Case Presentation A single Jap...

Anxiety Disorders and Public Health Strategies for Early Detection and Intervention A Comprehensive Review of Anxiety Disorders Diagnosis, Management, and Challenges, Fear is an automatic neurophysiological state of alarm that triggers a cascade of physiological and psychological responses designed to prepare an individual to confront or escape fro...

Introduction and purpose Polyphagia is a rare symptom described as an excessive food intake due to an abnormally strong and persistent sensation of hunger or desire to eat. Diseases that can lead to polyphagia are numerous and include several medical specialties, such as endocrinology, neurology and psychiatry. Polyphagia leads to overweight and se...

Objectives: Randomized evidence on the role of heart failure guideline-directed medical therapy for patients with functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) is lacking. The present meta-analysis sought to investigate the prognostic impact of different pharmacotherapy categories recommended in heart failure on subjects with FMR. Methods: A systematic lit...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) management has traditionally emphasized dietary protein restriction to slow disease progression and delay end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, evidence from trials questions the supposed efficacy of this approach and also highlights potential risks such as malnutrition and reduced quality of life. This review discus...

Resumo Tradicionalmente, o manejo da doença renal crônica (DRC) tem enfatizado a restrição dietética de proteínas para retardar a progressão da doença e atrasar a doença renal em estágio terminal (DRET). No entanto, evidências de estudos clínicos questionam a suposta eficácia dessa abordagem e também destacam potenciais riscos, como desnutrição e r...

Purposeof Review Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections continue to steadily increase in the United States and remain a major public health challenge. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of HCV infection in children, focusing on recent advancements in screening, diagnosis, and treatment. Recent Findings Effective screening strategies,...

Pathological pain is defined as pain that outlives its usefulness as a protective warning system and becomes debilitating, disrupting normal life function. Understanding the mechanism of transition from physiological to pathological pain is essential to provide the effective prevention of chronic pain. The main subcategories of pathological pain ar...

Audyt Kliniczny Krajowego Forum Orphan 2025 ma pokazać perspektywę klinicystów, która razem z perspektywą pacjentów wyrażoną w Audycie Pacjenckim KFO 2024 przedstawi pełny obraz potrzeb i kierunków optymalizacji opieki nad chorymi na choroby rzadkie w Polsce na tle Unii Europejskiej. Ideą Audytu Klinicznego Krajowego Forum Orphan 2025 jest skonfron...

Objective To compare the effectiveness and safety of different acupuncture-related therapies combined with pharmacotherapies for treating symptomatic endometriosis. Methods A pre-defined search strategy was conducted across eight databases (Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data Knowledg...

Benzodiazepine (BZD) therapy has been associated with several side effects in hospitalized patients. We developed a protocol-based pharmacotherapy management (PBPM) to recommend BZD discontinuation for patients at high risk for postoperative delirium (PD) following cardiovascular surgery. This study investigated whether implementing PBPM affects BZ...

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a well-characterized form of cranial neuralgia that affects one or more divi- sions of the trigeminal nerve. The first-line treatment for TN is pharmacotherapy, though over 40% of patients may become refractory to medication or experience intolerable side effects. A Gasserian ganglion block is a minimally in...

This study investigates the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy in treating Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) among mental health professionals in Punjab, Pakistan. A quantitative research design was used to collect and analyze numerical data through a self-administered questionnaire distributed to 133 mental health professionals, incl...

Objectives In persons with dementia, polypharmacy may be discordant with the goals of care. It is necessary to design interventions that align treatment regimens with the patient’s situation, prognosis and preferences. The objectives of this study conducted at an intermediate care were to: i) identify inappropriate prescribing per the main care goa...

Prescription privileges for psychologists (RxP) refer to the ability of appropriately trained psychologists to prescribe psychotropic medications to their patients. There are clear arguments that support or dismiss treatment privilege for psychologists. The movement for prescription privileges for psychologists has been a gradual and ongoing proces...

Introdução: A mullerianose vesical é uma neoplasia rara, com menos de 40 casos descritos na literatura. Resulta embriologicamente dos ductos de Müller e afeta predominantemente a bexiga urinária de mulheres em idade fértil. Relato de Caso: Paciente feminina, 41 anos, assintomática, com achado incidental em ultrassonografia transvaginal. Histórico d...

Os avanços farmacoterapêuticos das terapias-alvo na oncologia e os desafios enfrentados na personalização do tratamento é um tema relevante à sociedade científica, o artigo em questão, discute o impacto dessas terapias no tratamento do câncer, destacando sua precisão ao atuar sobre alterações moleculares específicas, minimizando efeitos adversos e...

Despite life‐long pharmacotherapy for many people affected by lysosomal storage diseases, no data are available on their beliefs about their treatments. Therapeutic options range from disease‐specific, with varying levels of effectiveness, to purely supportive. This spectrum is illustrated by the three diseases Gaucher disease type 1 (effective dis...

Background and Objectives:Medication safety is critical for pediatric cardiac care, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where limited resources contribute to high rates of medication errors. Studies in LMICs have shown that pharmacist interventions can reduce medication errors by up to 57% and proved that clinical pharmacists ar...

The huge mental health treatment gap in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is further exacerbated when infectious disease outbreaks occur. To address the increasing mental health needs during outbreaks, the availability of flexible and efficient mental health interventions is paramount, especially in low-resource settings where outbreaks are...

Introdução: A Farmácia Magistral é o estabelecimento farmacêutico responsável pela manipulação de medicamentos de forma individualizada mediante fórmulas prescritas, o que garante o atendimento de acordo com as necessidades e as demandas de doses específicas de cada paciente. Nisso entra a farmacotécnica a qual é uma disciplina abrangente que englo...

Background: Efficient utilization of anticancer agents is crucial for effective malignancy treatment and cost management. WHO Prescribing Indicators provide a standardized measure for assessing drug usage. This study aimed to evaluate anticancer drug utilization patterns in a specialized oncology hospital using these indicators. Methods: A cross-se...

Objective: To identify the demographics and most common comorbidities associated with hypertension and evaluate the prescription practices of Junior house officers for pharmacotherapy of hypertension, focusing on standard guideline adherence. Study Design: Descriptive, Cross-Sectional Study. Place and Duration of Study: Abbottabad, 03 months( Febur...

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality across the world. The global financial burden caused by CVD emphasizes the importance of preventive strategies and appropriate management. Chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) is a new term recently introduced for stable coronary artery disease (CAD), which...

Introduction: Approximately 65-70% of people with epilepsy respond to their first or second anti-seizure medication, while 15-40% are refractory to pharmacotherapy. Different epilepsy types have varying treatment approaches and prognoses and there could be significant early predictors of drug resistance. Patients with refractory epilepsy experience...

People with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a 2–3-time higher risk of developing sarcopenia, a musculoskeletal disease marked by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, compared to people without T2D. This narrative review examines the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in enhancing muscle mass and strength in people with T2D, emp...

Purpose of Review Esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) causes gastrointestinal (GI) complications that can begin in infancy and extend into adulthood. The etiology of these is frequently multifactorial, and they can adversely affect feeding, growth, respiratory health, and overall quality of life. This review highlights the importa...

Reducing Mortality in Bipolar Disorder Key Strategies for Clinicians, Management of bipolar disorder requires a multidimensional approach combining pharmacotherapy and psychosocial interventions. While mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and adjunctive medications play a central role in treatment, mood relapse and incomplete therapeutic response—part...

Aspirin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has garnered significant attention for its anti-cancer potential. This review explores the pharmacological properties, chemical dynamics, and evolving therapeutic applications of aspirin, with an emphasis on its integration into advanced cancer therapies. Aspirin demonstrates broad-spectrum e...

Endothelial keratoplasty (EK) is defined as an umbrella term comprising methods for selective surgical replacement of corneal endothelium and adjacent corneal tissue, which retains healthy portions of a patient's cornea while replacing diseased innermost corneal layer(s) with healthy donor tissue, to achieve corneal dehydration and transparency bef...

Here we compare the efficacy of anti-obesity drugs alone or combined with exercise training on body weight and exercise capacity of obese patients. Randomized clinical trials that assessed the impact of any anti-obesity drug alone or combined with exercise training on body weight, body fat, fat-free mass and cardiorespiratory fitness in obese patie...

Crohn’s disease, a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, necessitates a comprehensive treatment approach tailored to the individual’s specific disease characteristics and overall health. Treatment strategies aim to induce and maintain remission, alleviate symptoms, normalize biomarkers, improve the endoscopic appearance of the intestine, and improve...

Background This cross-sectional study examined the relationship of sports and perceived social support with social anxiety in young adults. We aimed to find out whether participation in sports and good social support were associated with lower social anxiety symptoms in individuals aged 18–40 years in Switzerland. Methods Participants aged 18–40 y...

Background: Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder with significant global health implications. Its pathophysiology is deeply rooted in chemobiological processes involving adipose tissue dysfunction, hormonal imbalances, and inflammatory pathways. Recent advances in bariatric research have expanded beyond surgical interventions to include pharmaco...

Introdução: Os transtornos psiquiátricos ligados ao abuso de substâncias envolvem complexas interações de fatores genéticos, neurobiológicos, ambientais e psicossociais, resultando em altas taxas de comorbidade com depressão e ansiedade, além de riscos aumentados de recaídas, hospitalizações e suicídio. Essas condições demandam uma compreensão prof...

Objective: This study describes and compares the practices of the nurses, pharmacists, and physicians from a Japanese university hospital on cancer patient support during pharmacotherapy and gather suggestions for enhancing the effectiveness of the pharmacotherapy delivery system for patients with cancer. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional s...

The aim was to determine the influence of a complex intervention based on pharmacotherapeutic follow-up (PTF) and the application of therapeutic education (TE) protocols on the clinical and educational parameters of patients at cardiovascular risk (CVR) attending community pharmacies (CPs). A prospective, longitudinal, randomized, controlled clinic...

In Switzerland, consumers are exposed to drugs with pharmacogenetic (PGx) recommendations in 78% of cases. Pre-emptive PGx testing for seven drugs (abacavir, carbamazepine, 6-mercaptopurine, azathioprine, 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, and irinotecan) has been covered by basic health insurance since 2017. PGx testing for other drugs is only covered...

Introduction Chronic depression represents a common and highly disabling disorder. Several randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigated the effectiveness of psychological, pharmacological and combined treatments for chronic depression. This is the first overarching systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) based on aggregated and indivi...

The irrational use of antibiotics is one of the biggest threats to public health, as recently highlighted in the documents from the World Health Organization. It includes both the choice of an inappropriate drug, dose, form, or length of therapy for the patient, and a lack of attention to the global cost of treatment. One of the effects of excessiv...

Background Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has become the leading chronic liver disease globally, and there are no approved pharmacotherapies to treat this disease. Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (Enpp1) has been found to be related to insulin resistance and lipid accumulation. However, the role and...

Purpose of review RNA therapeutics came to global attention when mRNA-based vaccines provided an answer to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The immense significance of this development notwithstanding, it is important to note that almost a decade prior to the pandemic, RNA drugs had made important inroads toward the amelioration of disease. The first class...