Science topics: ChemistryPharmacology
Science topic
Pharmacology - Science topic
Pharmacology is the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action.
Questions related to Pharmacology
Are there any high-impact papers in top journals (Cell, Nature, Science publications) that show the possibility of mimicking mechanical stimulation tissue responses such as skin growth and muscle hypertrophy via drugs?
Review paper publishing for pharmacological studies.
I would like to buildup a small active research group including a comprhensive subspecialities in Clinical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Internal medicine, statisticians to be shared in writing research articles, review, chapters and books. Who see him a suitable he can comment here with his email or whatsapp no to communicate later.
why do people prefer non pharmacological pre operative anxiety theraphy to its parmarchological counterparts
Propranolol came into migraine research by pure accident or simplistic chance or retrogressive serendipity in 1967, leaving science and the migraine research community to struggle for its pharmacological mode of action in migraine. Propranolol also made a major dent or detour in theoretical considerations and therapies for migraine, driving neurologists away from reason and logic in the understanding of migraine.
Science is not free of fashion. Propranolol is the old-fashioned lady left far behind in the vogue of research, but the secret of migraine is hidden carefully in the folds of her clutch handbag (it could well also be the almost-ancient gentleman clutching his wallet, carrying the prized possession with somewhat wanton malice) that generations of scientists / migraine researchers have sought with desperation laced with nihilism. However, when migraine researchers call themselves 'scientists', a high wall (and loud wail) of beliefs and myths immediately stands up to question the honour.
Since tertiary-care / Institutional researchers and august Headache Conferences around the world are not seized with the matter over 50 years later, busy as they are with CGRP and other neuropeptides, let us join together and explore our collective wisdom and insight or even speculation.
Or shall we leave this scientific resolution to the next millennium?
I assure the fraternity of migraine researchers that no meaningful progress will be made unless this conundrum, the Rubik Cube of migraine, is resolved
I set the ball rolling with 4 of my published articles.
Come, join me.
ORCID: hrttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6770-5916
What are the innovative methodologies and experimental models currently being investigated in the field of pharmacology and toxicology research to comprehensively evaluate the long-term consequences and potential hazards associated with the use of pharmaceuticals, chemicals, or environmental exposures?
In a simple experiment, I measured the pH of Tween 80 solutions and observed that the pH decreased. investigation results :
3 ppm tween80 = 8.43
6 ppm tween80 = 8.24
12 ppm tween80 = 7.51
15 ppm tween80 = 7.31
1780 ppm tween80 = 4.22
3560 ppm tween80 = 4.05
7120 ppm tween80 = 4.09
Solutions were made in distilled water. It seems that pH increased first and then increased with increasing concentration.
I am currently working on IHC for Per1 protein expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of mouse brain coronal sections 40um thickness.
The ABC kit that I have, has the expiry date of June 2022. It was used a couple of times and was always store in the fridge (at 4 Degree Celsius).
It is a good idea to use that kit and have a good result in IHC? Because these kits are expensive and I do not want to purchase a new one unless the kit is absolutely ruined.
How do I know if the kit still works?
When performing pharmacological assays, can I prepare dose response curve of specific assay and keep in freezer to be used over few days? Or I should do it fresh every time.
Dear Friends and connection
I believe in the power of community. So, I post this,
I am excited to explore the possibility of collaborating with someone who works on network pharmacology. As, network pharmacology is an interdisciplinary field that combines principles of network analysis, bioinformatics, and pharmacology to investigate drug-target interactions and predict the therapeutic effects of drugs.
I have some projects related to bioinformatics and I believe that our collaboration can result in significant progress in this exciting field.
I am looking forward to hearing from you and exploring our collaboration for network pharmacology.
Regards
Shopnil Akash
WhatsApp: +8801935567417
Email: shopnil.ph@gmail.com
After inducing cells overnight by doxycycline, how can cells be detached and suspended to perform pharmacological cell based assay? Do they need to be kept serum starved for at least one hour?
Could you help me regarding Scopus WOS pharmacological journals with maximum month acceptance timeline which is freely or with low cost.
No matter the impact factor
Thanks in advance
How I can measure concentrations of TNF in tissues, eg in inflamed mouse ears?
hi, I am a PGR student and doing some pharmacology cell based assays. Is there any resources to read from? how % of inhibition in c AMP inhibitory assay?
Hello everyone,
We are having problems with our competitive binding assays, and I wanted to see if you have any recommendations. I will begin by explaining our protocol and the optimizations we have already done so that you have some background, then I will describe our problems.
Protocol:
Four ValiScreen GPCR cell lines from Perkin Elmer are used.
Specifically, we use HEK-293 transfected with adenosine receptor A2A, HEK-293 transfected with adenosine receptor A2B, CHO-K1 transfected with adenosine receptor A1, and CHO-K1 transfected with adenosine receptor A3.
Cells are cultured in T-25 flasks at 5 % CO2 and 37º C. Two days before an assay, cells are plated at 30,000 cells/well into a black-wall, 96-well plate. On the day of the assay, the cells are examined under the microscope to ensure that the cells are covering at least 80% of the bottom of each well. (100% coverage is preferred, and usually we get 100% coverage.)
According to a treatment layout, the media in each well is replaced with 100 uL of one of the following solutions
1) media only
2) media + 60 nM of CA200623 from Hello Bio (our fluorescent control compound)
3) media + 1X 10-5 M of test compound (to test for autofluorescence of the test compound. The two test compounds we are working with are curcumin and cis-trans curcumin, the latter of which is abbreviated as CTCUR.)
4) media + 60 nM of CA200623+ 1X 10-x of test compound (where “x” can be 4,5,6,7,8, or 9).
Once the cells are treated, they incubate for 2 hours at 5 % CO2 and 37º C.
After incubation, the cells are washed once with PBS, then 100uL of clear DMEM is added to each well. The plate is then read at 620 nM excitation and 657 nM emission, which is appropriate for detecting fluorescence from CA200623. Our microplate reader is a Synergy H1 from BioTek.
Optimizations we have already done:
When we worked with HEK cell lines, we had a lot of problems with cells coming off of the bottom of the wells. We solved this by coating the wells with poly L lysine. For CHO cells, adherence has not been a problem, so we have not used poly L lysine.
We have run tests to see whether it is better to wash the cells once with PBS or twice with PBS. There does not seem to be much of a difference between the two, and we therefore opted to wash once because doing so allows more cells to stay attached to the bottom of the well.
We have run tests to see whether it is better to set the gain of the reader at 100 or 150. Again, the two are not that different, but gain=150 produces larger values, which are more intuitive to work with, so we have opted for gain=150.
The excitation/emission for CA200623 is actually 638nM/657nM, but our plate reader will not allow that. 620nM/657nM is the best we can do.
Problems we are still working with:
First, I will provide some examples of what one of these assays looks like when it works, so that you have a point of comparison (see CBA #40 and #1001). In both of these datasets, you can see that the media control is the lowest value, the fluorescent control (60 nM CA fluor only) is the highest value, and the treatment compound control (10-5 CTCUR only) is low, close to the media control. You can also see that the treatments (10-x CTCUR + 60 nM CA fluor) go from low to high such that one can see a dose response to the CTCUR.
Problem 1:
We have often had wells fluoresce higher than they should, that is, they fluoresced substantially more than the positive control (60 nM CA fluor only). Over time, we noticed that these wells that were too bright were typically within the bottom half of the plate. In response to this problem, we recently transitioned from treating in rows of 10 to treating in columns of 8. At least when the treatments are in columns, the abnormally-bright-values-at-the-bottom-of-the-plate problem affects every set of replicates equally, so the results are not biased toward one particular treatment group.
Even though switching to treating in columns constitutes an effective workaround for this problem, it does not solve the problem itself. We are still curious about whether anyone has an actual solution to this. Attached, you can see examples demonstrating that this abnormally-bright-values-at-the-bottom-of-the-plate problem occurs regardless of whether the treatments are in rows (CBA #36) or in columns (CBA #52). The issue also occurs regardless of who is running the assay, since it also sometimes occurs when one of my co-workers runs her competitive binding assays (CBA #1003, the fluorescent control is in row A).
Problem 2:
In our most recent assay (CBA #53), we had very high fluorescence values in some of the wells that were not treated with anything at all, as well as in the media control column. (Columns 1, 2, and 12 were not treated with anything. Column 11 was treated with plain media. None of these four columns should have shown fluorescence much above 300.) We are at a loss to explain this. It seems that the cells themselves must be fluorescing. But, if that were the case, then all wells should show high fluorescence values—we should not see such a broad variation in the fluorescence values.
Has anyone one else had these problems with inexplicably high fluorescence values when running competitive binding assays? What did you do to solve these issues?
Thank you for your time,
Luke Hamilton
I need to examine the in vitro antiviral activity of a drug in the presence of a series of dilutions of
human serum up to 40 percent (e.g., 5 percent, 10 percent, 20 percent, 40 percent).
An EC50 value for 100 percent human serum can be extrapolated from these data and the serum-adjusted EC50 values reported. In addition, I need to determine EC50 values in the presence of physiological concentrations of α-acidic glycoprotein and human serum albumin.
What will be the difference between the data from the first paragraph vs the second?
I'm looking for protocols that mimic clinically relevant the exposure to oral methylphenidate in mice. More specifically, I'm looking for the protocols that achieve the exposure we see in humans following continuous oral dosing with extended release methylphenidate formulations. I am aware of the acute studies that attempted to establish such a protocol (e.g. Bhide's group: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.07.025) or the attempts in rats (e.g. Thanos group: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.01.005), but I can't find what would be a relevant chronic oral dosing regimen with methylphenidate in mice. Do you have any ideas who might be using such a protocol? What would be important to take into account when trying to establish it if it still does not exist (e.g. the metabolic rate seems to be quite different between humans and rodents? Also can we expect the same brain exposure given stable plasma concentrations?).
Thanks!
Jan
I had recently some doubts about the proposal of a comparative study, comparing botulinum toxin type A and a non pharmacological treatment like dry needling. DN has shown to be effective to decrease spasticity in stroke patients but it has never compared against the gold standard. Could be a comparative (feasibility) study be considered to be until proof of concept stage? Because by definition this should be only for a novel treatment. I also had the doubts of which kind of measurements/outcomes it should include to be a fesibility study
Hi everyone, I am asking for some help here. I am currently recording MSN in the striatum brain slice without genetic marker to identify D1-MSN or D2-MSN. I am wondering if there is a pharmacological way I can use to identify D2-MSN while I am recording MSN. Which drug should I use and to test what (Voltage-clamp or Current-clamp measuring what changes)? Thanks!
How precision, accuracy and recall value of these databases can be find to evaluate this methods in network pharmacology study for target identification?
What softwares do you use for network pharmacology? Anything intuitive and relatively easy to use?
Please suggest some good impact factor journals (IF: 3.0 or above; hybrid or subscription-based only) for review articles related to ethnobotany, photochemistry, and pharmacology. I submitted the article to different journals like the Journal of ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry reviews etc. but didn't get a positive response.
Waiting for your valuable suggestions.
Thanks
Preety Rohilla
In most contexts, the terms alternative medicine, complementary medicine, integrative medicine, holistic medicine, natural medicine, and unconventional medicine are almost synonymous.
Dear researchers we write and publish research articles in the Discipline of Microbiology, molecular biology and Pharmacology. If someone wants work in collaboration with us please let us know. Thank you
Whatsapp: 00923145099045
Email: microbiologist713@gmail.com
How to prevent Hydroquinone cream from oxidation during manufacturing and storage? The colour of my cream changes to brownish. However, the assay value does not decrease in stability.
In the article titled "FDOPA-(18F): a PET radiopharmaceutical recently registered for diagnostic use in countries of the European Union", two half-lives are reported for FDOPA.
"6-fluoro-(18F)-L-dopa is removed according to a bi-exponential kinetic process with biological half-lives of 12 hours (67-94 %) and 1.7 - 3.9 hours (6-33 %). Both these half-lives appear to be age-dependent. The 18F-activity is excreted through the kidneys, 50 % with a half-life of 0.7 hours and 50 % with a half-life of 12 hours.
On basis of these data, a biokinetic model for 6-fluoro-(18F)-L-dopa was developed. This model assumes that 100 % of the 18F activity is homogeneously distributed in the body and eliminated through the kidneys with biological half-lives of 1 hour (50 %) and 12 hours (50 %). This model was considered to be independent of age."
What does this mean?
Can you please add in the comments the outline /content of the undergraduate Pharmacology courses taught to undergrad students in your institution?
What type of simulation program do you use in your pharmacology courses/What university?
Simulation programs for In Vivo experiments
Pharmacology Practical course for Undergrad students
Why Levoamlodipine is developed, where already there is Amlodipine?
Is there any pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamic advantages?
So far I know both acts almost same!
we want to submit our manuscript to a special issue in the field of phytochemistry, pharmacology of natural products, or liquorice in particular. any suggestions?
I wish to know what clean room criteria I should use to detect Mycoplasma Pneumoniae contamination in a received pharmacological sample. Is there any GMP guideline or something from pharmacopeia?
Hi Everyone,
I will be teaching a bit more autonomic nervous system this semester, and I have come across two pharmacology websites indicating that epinephrine has a higher affinity for beta-2 receptors than alpha-1 receptors, and this is the purported reason why low levels of epinephrine are vasodilatory in some arterioles. However, the literature contradicts this information. Specifically these first two articles collectively suggest that epinephrine has a higher affinity for alpha-1 receptors. The last article that I listed suggests that alpha-1 receptors lose responsiveness during heavy exercise. So, after all these years, is it true that we still don't have a clear understanding of the affinities and intrinsic activities of these receptors, and how this is related to the response to epinephrine in different arterioles. Furthermore, the differential expression of these two receptors in various vascular beds is something I haven't seen published.
-Br J Pharmacol. 1995 Sep; 116(1): 1611–1618. PMCID: PMC1908909. Selectivity of the imidazoline alpha-adrenoceptor agonists (oxymetazoline and cirazoline) for human cloned alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtypes. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1908909/?page=3
-Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2004 Feb;369(2):151-9. Comparative pharmacology of human beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes--characterization of stably transfected receptors in CHO cells. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14730417/
-Exercise attenuates α-adrenergic-receptor responsiveness in skeletal muscle vasculature
John B. Buckwalter, Jay S. Naik, Zoran Valic, and Philip S. Clifford
Journal of Applied Physiology 2001 90:1, 172-178
Can any one help me regarding Q1 pharmacology journal with fast acceptance timeline?
Thanks and best wishes
Have a great day!
Good evening,
Please I prepared a finished product mixing 75% extract A and 25% extract B I obtained pharmacological responses (in IC50) better than using product A alone.
How can I scientifically justify the choice of blend (75/25) than other blends. Is there software that calculates the optimal quantity to choose to have the best pharmacological responses?
Did you ever experience a conceptual change in pharmacology where was a discrimination b/w phenomena/concepts that you previously regarded as a single phenomena/concept?
For instance, proton pump inhibitors are often thought to be interchangeable, but some differences have emerged in their pharmacological properties, which may be reflected in some aspects of clinical efficacy. Such differences include potency, speed of onset and duration of pH 'holding times' (2004)
Reference
Robinson M. Review article: the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of proton pump inhibitors--overview and clinical implications. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004;20 Suppl 6:1-10. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02160.x
Please list Zero Author Publication Fee charging journals in pharmacology subject which are indexed in Pubmed or Scopus or Science Index or Medline or Central Science Citation Index, or Science Citation Index, or Expanded Embase, Scopus, Directory of Open Access Journals (DoAJ)
Hi, all,
I have emailed many times from "Annals of Pharmacology" to invite me as a reviewer. Could anybody tell me this journal is a reliable one?
Naoto
Is there anyone who has found a clear description of the mechanism by which curcumin inhibits beta-amyloid aggregation in-vitro? So far most of the answers I find are very general and without meaningful explanations, and often there is not even an attempt to clarify.
Learning discipline-specific terminologies or names of drugs (in Pharmacology discipline) is extremely challenging for a novice. Which theoretical framework supports this idea? How the novice can overcome this challenge?
How to correlated multiple protein with pathways related diseases?
And which software can be used?
The concentration of my protein is 14 μM and the Kd is 168 nM. I want to have the ligand in excess, but I am not sure how to go about it.
I will test a substance on mice at a dosage defined from DL50 results and will calculate plasmatic concentrations at different time (7 times) . I will need then a software program to calculate parameters from oral and IV routes.
Thank you
Hi, could anyone please help me understand why my dexamethasone calibration curve won't work and how to fix this? We are trying to measure drug encapsulation efficiency for dexamethasone but when we tried to do our standard curve the absorbance values for concentrations ranging from 1 - 10^-8 mg/ml were all the same as our standard and no absorbance peak was seen on the whole spectra. We are using dexamethasone dissolved in absolute ethanol and diluted the samples in both water and ethanol. We are also using FluoStar Omega UV-VIS machine to measure this.
Could anyone please tell me if they have done this before and how they managed it?
Thanks :)
Can any one suggest Q1 or Q2 fast Journals in pharmacology for revision my manuscript?
Thanks and best wishes.
In the structure of many drugs, there is a carboxylic group
What is the significance of this group? Why should it exist in the structure of a drug?
Do you know any article or book or reference about this subject?
Thanks a lot
Dear experts and scholars, it is known that the causes of diarrhea are based on different mechanisms. Based on this, how many and what methods do you recommend to induce diarrhea and transfer the drugs in them to animal models? Your suggestions are greatly appreciated.

I'm interested in analytical protocols for measuring exposure to methylphenidate in mice, especially HPLC-based methods. What are the possibilities regarding detectors and sample preparation procedures? Also, considering limited volume of blood can be obtained from mice (and sampling in more time-points probably affects the obtained results) - what would be the best option in the context of the minimal volume of sample needed for the analysis? What about enantiomers (e.g. 10.1002/bmc.3312). I'd like to find/establish a protocol for clinically relevant chronic oral dosing of methylphenidate in mice that reflects what we see in humans (https://www.researchgate.net/post/Protocols_for_clinically_relevant_chronic_oral_dosing_of_methylphenidate_in_mice)
Any info is greatly appreciated.
Jan
I am starting to use BiC/4AP for an experiment to stimulate hippocampal neurons. This technique has been used previously by other labs and a former member from my own lab. I have tried several times, but cannot seem to get the same results as others. I am using bicuculline and 4AP from at least 10 years ago that has been stored at room temperature in a dessicant box. The bicuculline is stored in aluminum foil also to prevent light exposure.
I'm wondering if my experiment is not working because the drugs are too old. I have tried to look for the shelf life of the drugs but cannot find much. Does anybody have experience working with these drugs and have any idea of how long they are good for when stored at room temperature?
Trying to research on influence of UGT1A9 variants on the pharmacology of frusemide.
BPH is a innocent bystander in later stages of male life in humans. Normally Benign Prostatic hyperplasia is curable by using the various avaliable treatments and medications like 5alpha reductase inhibitors and antiandrogenic therapies. TURP, TUIP and prostatectomy are also advised very often. But what is the indication of the progression of the problem which is not curable from the avaliable measures. Is it a cancerous situation then? Is herbal therapy the probable answer of the problem in complicated cases?
how we would treat it friendly for making it less harmful and more livophilic?
Respected researchers or professors,
I am Kumar Sharp, currently a third year MBBS student from India. I will be graduating medical school in 2024.
I have a very keen interest in Pharmacology, drug development, infectious diseases, microbiology and immunology. I have done my best to develop my interests in research and development, public speaking and leadership, publishing work in COVID-19 as well.,which you can see from my profile.
I would like to pursue my future career in these fields and teaching. I belong to a middle class family and do not have adequate resources to apply for international exams.
Can you all suggest if there are any ways to apply for these specialization in countries other than India.?
Case study patient (age 29, F) presents with chronic reoccurring major depressive episodes (MDD) which last anywhere from 2 weeks to 2+ years; comorbid generalized anxiety (GAD), PTSD, borderline personality disorder (BDP), chronic nightmares (does not include night terrors or sleepwalking -- no additional sleep studies performed).
After more than 20 separate medication trials including stimulants, non-stimulants, mood stabilizers, several kinds of antipsychotics, anxiolytics, and several classes of antidepressants over the course of 8 years, Patient's depressive, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms continue to chronically reoccur.
Currently, Patient takes lamotrigine @ 50mg once daily for anxiety and nightmares management. Patient has been on lamotrigine @ 50mg since 2017.
A GeneSight® Psychotropic Pharmacogenomic Test was done in 2021.
Most genetic components presented as normal.
Patient is homozygous for the short promoter polymorphism (S/S) of the serotonin transporter gene SLC6A4. The short promoter allele is reported to decrease expression of the serotonin transporter compared to the homozygous long promoter allele. The patient has displayed a moderately decreased response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, most likely due to the presence of this short form of the gene.
Additionally, Patient's symptoms are concurrent with undermethylation -- anxiety, depression, insomnia, allergies, recurring moderate-severe headaches (but not migraines), digestive issues, multiple miscarriages, and key traits of autism.
Patient reported a partial hysterectomy in 2017 (age 25) - uterus and fallopian tubes removed, ovaries biopsied. Pathology reports confirmed endometriosis. Currently, Patient reports resurgence of endo symptoms - chronic inflammation, pain, digestive issues, etc.
Known pharmacological treatment options are limited at this time. We have found inconclusive, but possibly promising research into serotonin agonists that could help treat the MDD. Other options to address some of the inflammation exacerbating the depressive pathology include Rx strength NSAIDs, Cyproheptadine HCl*, or dexamethasone (Glucocorticoid).
*H1-antagonist cyproheptadine acts by competing with histamine for H1-receptor sites on effector cells. It also has potent 5-HT (serotonin) antagonist activity through its 5-HT2A receptor-blocking action. In addition, it also has weak anticholinergic and central depressant properties.
Collective recap:
-chronic reoccurring depressive episodes
-chronic anxiety and sleep disturbances
-chronic reoccurring inflammatory processes
-multiple failed pharmacological treatments
-short promoter polymorphism (S/S) of the serotonin transporter gene SLC6A4
If you have any info into the pathologies, medical treatment options available, additional DSM-V classifications, or studies pertaining to any of this, please send them our way.
I was wondering which databases would be best for a scoping review on how drugs effect the microbiome. Not sure if this falls into pharmacology, microbiology or metagenomics, but I would probably want to search a database that contains all of them!
Please share your experience regarding conduction of SDL session in Pharmacology?
I'm a community Pharmacist and I'm interested in writing, especially writing scientific papers. I'm offering my help and assistance in case you need a hand with your current research. My areas of interest: Pharmacotherapy, psychology, neurology, psychiatry. So send me a message in case you need help.
Is there anyone who is good in network pharmacology and know how to use cytoscape properly?
Hello, I wonder if someone knows which is the LD50 of conduritol beta epoxide (CBE) used to generate pharmacological models of Gaucher Disease. :(
Acyl-CoA:lysocardiolipin acyltransferase-1 (ALCAT1) is a polyglycerophospholipid acyltransferase of the endoplasmic reticulum which is primarily known for catalyzing the acylation of monolysocardiolipin back into cardiolipin (Wikipedia).
I am looking for (pharmacological) ways to inhibit the enzyme ALCAT1. Are there any drugs or chemicals that could do the trick?
In some cases you see structurally similar ligands work as agonists/antagonists for the same receptors, but it's not always the case. Do receptors allow molecules to bind because of their shape/structure or is it independent from ligand to ligand?
Higher affinity for CO induce suffocation which may be fatal.
Dear colleagues,
I would like to ask you some questions regarding your experience or research in the pharmacologic treatment and rehabilitation of infants with dysphagia having absent or immature gag and cough reflex.
Does anybody have experience using spicy foods (capsaicin, piperine) to stimulate cough in these group of patients?
Has anybody tried pharmacologic treatment (e.g., use of substance P)?
What about the use of e-stim (vitalstim or similar)? Or Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation?
Thanks in advance
The extraction of plant extracts exhibit pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, etc and the researchers use NMR, HPLC, GC-MS, and other testing methods to identify and purify the bioactive components that are responsible for this activity.
I'm curious about the rationale behind the synthesis of nanoparticles, such as silver or gold, using plants that have proven pharmacological properties.
I look forward to your explanation. Thanks.
What are the pharmacological risks?
I am working with triton (surfactant), a classic model to induce dyslipidemia. I realize that the animals recover quickly (3 days), without the need for pharmacological treatment.
"Toxicological evaluations revealed that Cur is found to be pharmacologically safe, even up to 12 g per day, as reported by several animal studies and in phase-I clinical trials Similarly, another phase-1 human trial, with 8 g of Cur per day for three months, revealed no toxic effects."
If I want to test curcumine effects on PC12 cells, what would be the dose conversion from human trials to cell cultures?
Current commercially available implantable pumps are osmotic pumps (www.alzet.com) and programmable micro infusion pumps (www.iprecio.com) in the preclinical/drug discovery market. What would Users like to see in next generation commercially available pumps? (must have, nice to have, short term requirements, long term dream …… in this preclinical/drug discovery market –(non-clinical applications)
For inspiration – commercially available implantable clinical pumps.
Friends,
I want more information about role of chiral drugs on drug delivery based on pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, recepter binding, dose, potency , toxicity, safety with lot of examples. If you have any reference materials like article, book, or other formats and you please send to me.
Thanks you.