Pharmacology - Science topic

thank you for your suggestion, unfortunately the publication charges are so expensive

This might help!

Thanks, Adam L Vanwert for sharing the link. The website looks interesting.

Kindly convey my regards to Dr. Kalunde, if you are in touch with him.

There are lots of very fast journals, but many are start ups, (some may even be scams) many also have a low or no impact factor. That's not really a deterrent for me, as long as they appear in data bases and searches, that's all that matters, it eventually be found. However, if you are trying to build a career, the journal's impact factor is import, and its also import if you want you work to be quickly discovered. Depending on your department/funding, publication costs may be a factor, and they can be 2-3 thousand dollars. I was involved in research, mainly at the laboratory bench, for many decades and I get continual solicitations to submit articles. A few days ago I got a solicitation from

http://www.jbiology.org/submit?id=18000

so they are likely short an article or two, so it may be relatively easy to get a paper out through them at present. If they are desperate you can frequently negotiate the publication costs. Good luck.

thank you so much

The words selectivity, specificity, and sensitivity (derived from Latin seligere, specificus, sensitivus), can be confusing terms as they are often used synonymously in the medical literature. However, they should not be used

interchangeably as each represents a different phenomenon.

Reference:

Mencher, S. K., & Wang, L. G. (2005). Promiscuous drugs compared to selective drugs (promiscuity can be a virtue). BMC clinical pharmacology, 5(1), 1-7.

…and the e-mail address? No website link is suspicious.

As far as I can see there is no journal called “Annals of Pharmacology”. There are titles beginning with this, like for example:

-Annals of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics (ISSN 2573-6051) http://www.remedypublications.com/annals-of-pharmacology-and-pharmaceutics-home.php Among the many red flags is the fact that this publisher “Remedy Publications” is mentioned in the Beall’s list https://beallslist.net

-Annals of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences (ISSN 2766-7472)

https://www.directivepublications.org/annals-of-pharmacology-and-pharmaceutical-sciences/Publisher is not included in the Beall’s list (yet), most likely because they are too new. One of the red flags is the (fake) contact info and the so-called US origin with virtual no American in the editorial board.

-Annals of Pharmacology andPharmacotherapeutics http://www.medtextpublications.com/annals-of-pharmacology-and-pharmacotherapeutics-home.php Among the many red flags this publisher “ Medtext Publications” is mentioned in the updated version of the Beall’s list https://beallslist.net/#update

So, indeed most likely predatory.

Best regards.

Andrew Sutton You are welcome!

Hi, Dr. Faraz Khurshid the technique used in your study was fine, do we search for advance one?

Use Reactome platform,

https://reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#TOOL=AT

Because this situation is in the tight-binding regime, you should use the tight-binding equation for the equilibrium calculation.

fraction of enzyme with ligand bound=

[(K_d + R_t +L_t) - square root((K_d + P_t +L_t)^2 - 4R_tL_t)]/(2R_t)

where R_t is the receptor protein concentration and L_t is the ligand concentration (^2 means squared)

For example, if K_d=0.168 µM, R_t=14 µM and L_t=28 µM, the fraction of occupied receptor is 0.988.

Emma Jackson Yes, I did try the nanodrop also and got a linear curve. Yes, I agree, I don't think the nanodrop provides reliable values since variation between readings can be high. Greiner sells some plates adequate for reading at the UV range. We ordered this ones: https://shop.gbo.com/en/row/products/bioscience/microplates/uv-star-microplates/96-well-uv-star-microplate/655801.html

Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicolog 13.820 Q1

PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS 12.310 Q1

BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 8.739 Q1

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTIC 6.875 Q1

BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY 5.858 Q1

Frontiers in Pharmacology 5.810 Q1

On that Matter observational process can have a relevant return And évaluate comparison And synergy

Nalidixic acid - A NSAID grs of drugs or pain killer .REF : en.wikipedia.org ( Image Source ) .

intramuscular (IM), intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC), and intradermal (ID) routes.

These are some of the references that includes chronic dosing of methylphenidate in mice in various disease states. However, rat the use of rat model is more prevalent in chronic dosing of methylphenidate

Check https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26795754/

Hi Hanna Caiola

Long term storage of bicuculline should be at -20 ^oC and this will only be useable for approximately 1-2 years. 4-AP should also be stored at -20 ^oC for long term and will only be useable for approximately 6-12 months.

Therefore, you should discard the old solutions and order fresh products.

(An tip for identifying shelf life is to look at the stability and storage section in the product information sheet for each product)

Hope this helps!

Dear Dr Usman Mohammed,

You will find in this attached some articles with several approaches used to isolate polymorphic variants of the UGT1A9 gene from blood.

Please, choose the one that suits the most with your available reagents / chemicals.

Best wishes,

Sabri

Prostatic abscess is a rare urological disease. Patients with prostatic abscess and those with PCa can have similar presentation, such as LUTS, lymphadenopathy and abnormal PSA values.

USG-guided needle aspiration maybe an option of treatment for prostatic abscess, but TURP should be considered in patients with complicated abscess or suspected prostatic carcinoma.

If the histopathology result shows PCa, staging and risk stratification should be done for the treatment decision… “Shared-decision making” for PCa mgt

Dear Muhammad Ejaz thank you again for sharing this very interesting technical question with the RG community. Just in case that the issue is still of importance to you, I just came aross two more potentially useful literature references which might help you in your analysis. Please have a look at these articles:

and

Both papers are review articles. Unfortunately they have not yet been posted as public full texts on RG. Please check if you can access them through your institution. At least the author of the first article has an RG profile (https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vinod-Kumar-143). Thus you can easily contact this author via RG and request the full text of the review directly from him.

Good luck with your work and best wishes, Frank Edelmann

China is the best choice, there are vast opportunities for the young

Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 May; 2018(5): CD010558.

Psychological therapies for treatment‐resistant depression in adults

Monitoring Editor: Sharea Ijaz,📷 Philippa Davies, Catherine J Williams, David Kessler, Glyn Lewis, Nicola Wiles, and Cochrane Common Mental Disorders Group

How can I free download DDsolver on my computer?

Thank you Deepti Madam

I am interested...Kindly contact me after two weeks...

Dear all thank you for replying. I have got the solution of the problem which I was looking for. Appreciate your prompt responses

i think the safe (non-toxic) dose is 100 mg/kg.Reference article is attached

There are many inhibitors, with references, listed here:

Dear Hamilton,

Try to repeat your experiment, may be you made a mistake during the manipulation or maybe there is a problem with the fluorescent molecules / equipments you are actually using.

Try also to use another protocol, may be it will solve the problem.

Good luck

I will try to explain. A receptor might or not allow the binding of a ligand, but maybe this binding depends on circumstances, like feedback regulation, inhibition or changes in structure. this change in structure permits the ligand to bind to the receptor. This working systems means when the ligand is present, the recpetor has changed shape, and is why the ligand sticks to it. Of course, it might depend on the regulation system, and not all receptors chose the same system. The energy demands is an important factor. Maybe it is not necesary. Sometimes it works constitutively.

For example, drugs. Drugs are substances which imitate molecular shapes to which the normal ligand will bind to. This means as it is similar it will confuse the receptor and take it as its normal ligand. The effects of the drug are as it is.

The enzyme or the receptor, might have several forms of regulation, the turning off of a receptor, might mean the turning on of another receptor or the turning on of the molecule. I will try to stick to receptors. Maybe you are describing allosteric regulation, but you are right when you say recpetors could be enzymes. The mechanism of action could be similar to MM, Michaelis Menten.

Maybe a receptor will change shape. But this does not mean the recpetor has to change shape for the same ligand. It might be by the regulation or the circumstance. The ligand is still the same.

For example, insulin, has to go through several activation stages, before it is activated. The hornone insulin is activated by enzymes. In this case, I am trying to say the ligand is inactivated.

The sodium potassium channel translocates, but only when the ions are present. Aquaporins need to be activated for it to allow the passage of water.

unless you mean why every movement is done by a receptor, this means, it may just diffuse through the membrane

In agreement with Pranita Kamble Waghmare, the Oxygen axis after oxygen binding with heme is at an angle while Carbon monoxide binds to free heme with the CO axis perpendicular to the plane of the porphyrin ring via carbon-Iron bonding. So, the two oxygen atoms in oxygen exhibit steric hindrances on each other. In which case, CO doesn't experience the same.

This perpendicular orientation is favorable for Hb binding.

Check https://www.ijddr.in/drug-development/role-of-natural-products-in-drug-discovery-process.php?aid=5524

Thanks you, Dr. Miky Timothy

by measurment lipid panel in blood cholesterol,HDL,LDL,TG

Depended on the pharmacokinetic of the drug. A concentration of the drug achieved peripherally.

New and Important references on Implantable Pumps out in 2020 & 2021. One new book to come out in September 2021. Re-sharing Open Access Publication <Microdosing for drug delivery application—A review> Final Version. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical Volume 330, 15 October 2021, 112820 https://lnkd.in/gnvnwr5 A review of peristaltic micropumps Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, Volume 326, 1 August 2021, 112602 https://lnkd.in/gGh4ZSR Intelligent automated drug administration and therapy: future of healthcare. Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res. (2021). https://lnkd.in/gDKMUie Chapter 7 - Implantable drug delivery devices Drug Delivery Devices and Therapeutic Systems Developments in Biomedical Engineering and Bioelectronics 2021, Pages 129-156 https://lnkd.in/gw5RsTj Implantable Technologies: Peptides and Small Molecules Drug Delivery Editor: Ved Srivastava. https://lnkd.in/gTapPCS Royal Society of Chemistry. Copyright year 2022 Print ISBN           978-1-83916-222-0 Join Dr. Christian Schnell in his upcoming webinar on <Programmable pumps for compounds delivery in oncology research: implication for refinement and reduction of animal use.> https://bit.ly/3sWgYRh

Hi

"enantioselective pharmacokinetics" please check the keyword in google or NCBI.

geometrical isomers have different physicochemical characteristics for example pKa, the same problem cover diastereoisomers.

D-dopa is less absorbed than L-dopa

D-methotrexate is less absorbed than L-methotrexate

cis - lycopene is absorbed to a greater extent than trans - lycopene

L - cephalexin inhibits the absorption of D - cephalexin from the gut

R-methadone has a greater volume of distribution than S-methadone

R - (-) - disopyramide binds less to blood proteins than S - (+) - disopyramide

Cis-cis - mivacurium has a larger volume of distribution than cis-trans, trans-trans

S - propranolol binds more strongly (competes) with plasma proteins than R - propranolol

R - sulbenicillin binds to plasma proteins weaker than S - sulbenicillin

R - latamoxsef binds to plasma proteins more strongly than S - latamoxsef

R-carbenicillin binds to plasma proteins more strongly than S-carbenicillin

R - propafenone delays the metabolism of S - propafenone

S - nitrendipine is an inhibitor of R - nitrendipine metabolism

R - verapamil is less affected by the first-transition effect than S - verapamil

R - ketoprofen in most species is transformed into S ketoprofen (rodent, dog, monkey, horse, cat) the Asian elephant is the only species that converts S into R

A very interesting case is a chiral inversion in the liver (see examples below)

flobufen (Skalova L. et al 2001)

ibuprofen (Doki K. et al 2003)

pranoprofen (Imai T. et al. 2003)

ketoprofen (Lees P. et al. 2003)

fenoprofen (San Martin M.F. et al. 2002)

albendazole (Virkel G. et al 2002)

thalidomide (Erikson T. et al. 2001)

clopidogrel (Reist M. et al. 2000)

D-leucine (Hasegava H. et al. 2000)

thiaprofenic acid (Erb K. et al 1999)

pantoprazole (Masubuchi N. et al. 1998)

styripentol (Tang C. et al. 1994)

lifibrol (Walters R.R. et al. 1994)

Tolperizon (Yokoyama T. et al. 1992)

R-methadone has a longer half-life than S-methadone

R-ibuprofen has a shorter half-life than S-ibuprofen

(-) - mefloquine has a longer half-life than (+) - mefloquine

R - (-) - ketamine inhibits the elimination of S - (+) - ketamine

(+) - terbutaline inhibits tubular reabsorption of (-) - terbutaline

R - sotalolol reduces the renal clearance of S - sotalolol

R - flurbiprofen is excreted from the bile to a greater extent than S - flurbiprofen

R - carprofen is secreted from the bile to a greater extent than S - carprofen

R - sulbenicillin has a lower renal clearance than S - sulbenicillin

R - (+) - propranolol is eliminated more slowly than S - (+) - propranolol

Z - doxepin has a stronger antidepressant effect than E - doxepin

Z - doxepin has a stronger antidepressant effect than E - doxepin

S (-) bupivacaine is less toxic than racemic bupivacaine

Of course, it's only the peak of the iceberg so, please check:

.... now > 1000 results ....

examples with references are available in my free e-book (polish version only)

Best regards

Tomasz

If you are thinking to prepare capsules in very small number, lets say someting around 100. Then physicaly it is possible, but it will be tedious operation. First, you have to decide dose quantity as per available standard reference books. Select approriate size of capsule which can accommodate the dose qty. Make sure that the empty capsule and the active ingredient are of pharmacopoeal grade only, do not use AR grade material. Use electronic balance which have sensitivity to differentiate weight at least of 1mg, if you can get balance of 0.1mg sensitivity then it will be best. You will have to measure dose qty for each capsule, open the capsule, transfer weighed qty into it and close, immeditely put into air tight container. Entire process must be carried out under controlled humidity and temperature conditions. I must make one thing very clear that preparing capsules in such manner even for the purpose of reaserch require permission or license from food and drugs adminisration of the country and you will have to get permission for clinical trial/use also. However, if you are a registered allopathy medical practioner then you may prepare it for the purpose of dispensing to your patients only. In this case also you have to maintain records of purchase of drug matetial and empty capsules.

Some mentioned Garcinia, but there is a strong paper showing no effect:

It also mentions limitations of other studies that showed garcinia having an effect. Not to mention there is research done on a patented HCA-SX, which belongs to company selling Super Citrimax. So might hint at bias, but couldn't find anything strong indicating weight loss by Garcinia.

Check https://ehs.unc.edu/files/2015/09/hfaexposure.pdf

I will explain the principle, it is very simple, or give you more references, contact jananamthapas @ gmail. com

Greetings Dear Prof. Frank T. Edelmann

Yes, I would love to study in Germany if I can get fund and scholarship

Thanks a lot for sharing this links and information

Kind regards

Please see the link:

Hi, I would like to add some input.

I have a feeling that your guess is right.

For example in this study, the authors presented MICs in molarity as opposed to w/v, which makes sense because the authors are trying to evaluate potency of experimental drugs with known antibiotics. It would have been very misleading to display the results in w/v as opposed to molarity.

As for whether why w/v is used, I can only guess that perhaps it is the rigidity of standards that require results to be published in w/v as opposed to molarity which is a truer representation of potency. Some things are simply hard to change.

Perhaps I can also add that a lot of MIC testing is done with disk diffusion studies which come in commercial disks loaded with a preset weight (e.g. 50 µg) of antibiotics, so it is easier to make comparisons based on w/v as opposed to molarity.

Dear Pejman Rahmani Nejad thank you for your interesting technical question. In addition to the useful link provided by Lukas Schulig please also have a look at the following relevant article entitled

The paper is freely available as public full text on ResearchGate. According to this article "the most common functional group is the hydroxyl, as its occurrence frequency in all databases is the top one. Moreover, -COOR or -COOH are the second most common functional groups."

Dear Birendra,

I suggest you try the formula proposed by Sarkar.

I don't think they are trivial questions.

1. Consider the meaning of the Hill slope in your system. If it differs between two EC50 values, it may be telling you something important. I'll give you an example from enzyme inhibitor studies. For an enzyme that has no active site cooperativity, the EC50 (we would say IC50) curve of the inhibitor (% inhibition versus inhibitor concentration) should have a Hill slope of 1. If the curve has a Hill slope that is very different from 1 (e.g. 0.5 or 2), it usually means there is a problem with the measurement, such as insolubility of the inhibitor, a non-specific mechanism of inhibition, interference by the inhibitor with the readout, or the IC50 is too close to the enzyme concentration.

2. If you are using an equation for the curve that features the logarithm of the EC50, it is proper to use the logarithm of the values on the x axis. However, it is not necessary to use logarithms to do the curve fitting. You can use a non-logarithmic equation and the arithmetic values of the x-axis parameter, but plot the curve on a logarithmic axis if desired by choosing that setting in the graphing program. It's up to you. A non-logarithmic Hill equation is:

y = bottom + (top-bottom)*Xⁿ/( EC50ⁿ + Xⁿ), where n is the Hill coefficient.

Now, as an analgesic, I think that its side effects and its possible "recreational" use -as happened in Hollywood- make it not recommended because similar effects are achieved with Tramadol (especially, in a "retard" way) and with " Jurnista "(Hydromorphone, hydrochloride) -and for more refractory pains-; although all of them, in pain of neuropathic origin and chronic nature is debatable.

Nor can we forget "marijuana" and derivatives of "Cannabis" (THC -Tetrahydrocannabinol-), as "compassionate drugs" also in pain and "total suffering" of oncological origin.

Hi,

Differences will be related to different affinity and binding of different drugs for albumins and α-acidic glycoprotein. If your drug has a higher affinity for α-acidic glycoprotein than albumin then differences in concentrations of α-acidic glycoprotein may be important for a free fraction of the drug in vivo. It should be always recognized for what fraction of plasma proteins your drug has high affinity. It's especially important in the case of lipophilic drugs and for drug-drug interactions related to concurrence for the same proteins.

Best regards,

Tomasz

Hi

As for your Expectation, Analytical Chemistry will be the best option.

Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology all need Analytical Chemistry - tough than other subjects.

Next Organic Chemistry

Study Analytical Chemistry and contact me for better position in US

Best Regards

- Saranya Bharathi

I think these publications will help your work.

Hi guys,

the big problem in the field is the semantical imprecision. What do people really mean when referring to beta-arrestin-mediated signaling? What exactly is this? Is it arrestin-modulation of G protein signaling or arrestin signaling in the absence of G protein activity, ie truly G protein-indepedent signaling? For the latter there is no proof in the literature, however arrestin contribution to G protein signaling has been seen by many. If we use arrestin signaling for both scenarios, no surprise there is confusion. Inititially I liked the idea of arrestins signaling in their own right but I am afraid it is no more than a preconceived concept that does no longer hold since we have the tools to really challenge the concept. The signaling bias literature is full of papers with unsupported claims and I predict it will take years for our field to recover because some proponents of arrestin signaling are very protective of the arrestin transducer model. You cannot imagine that publishing my paper was close to impossible, I was caught in a mafia of people who tried everything to kill my paper. A nightmare for the first author, he left academic science, he was disgusted...

Anyway, when you read literature, be critical, don't believe every word of a high impact paper, look at the data and dare to come up with your own interpretation! We all have the same data in the bias field, what differs is our interpretation!

Dear Apu, Bioinformatics is a mean not an end in itself and the confusion of a mean with an end is the reason of the drmatic crisis science (not technology) is experiencing in these days (see for example https://www.pnas.org/content/113/34/9384.short).

Thus, first of all, you must aquire a 'quantitative sensibility' for biological problems that means: in the face of a biological problem how to restate the issue in order to have a simple recognition of which are the statistical units, the variables of interest , the most interesting scale where to look and if I can provide a suitable metrics preserving the original biological meaining.

Then the informatics will come by alone, tis means you must learn statistics (with a special emphasis on multidimensional descriptive methods like PCA, Cluster Analysis, MDS..), complex networks analysis, non-linear dynamics fundamentals (what an attractor is, what is a transition) and fundamentals of probability.

Attached you will find a sketchy representation of the quantitative needs for facing biological problems.

See the attached file

Based on a very accurate readings of the blood pressure around a 5 times a day after taking a concor tablets 5 mg at the morning, the result is that this dose was able to keep a constant blood pressure for around 9 hours, and then it is starting to raise accordingly up to the morning.

Our conclusion is either a one dose of a 10 mg should be taken,

or ( to the best effect) you should take a 5 mg at the morning and then a similar dose at the night to keep it within expectations .

No responses after taking such doses, then you should switch off to a 10 mg.

No responses too, then an emergent tests for cholesterol ,TG, diabetes, E.S.R, uric acid and CBC must be taken.

Please bear in mind that there is a large interindividual variability in the bioavailability and therefore the plasma concentration of parent mycophenolate and active metabolite. The variation can b as large as 30%. You may consider checking the plasma concentration in critical cases.

Hi Emily,

I did some experiments where I delivered a drug by puff-application for a few minutes:

See the ‘Local application of nAChR agonists’ section in Methods. Could ‘Local application protocol II’ be what you’re looking for (see fig 3a for example)?

There, I used pipettes with a tip of about 2um diameter (which is probably close to the 1 MOhm resistance Jan Tønnesen suggested) connected with silicon tubing to a 1 mL syringe via a manometer. Filtering the puff solution before loading the pipette was enough for me to avoid those frustrating blockages Jan mentioned.

This method worked for me because I needed to limit movement of the tissue when puffing, and the syringe allowed a very ‘soft’ onset of the puff and not too high final pressure (few tens of millibars). However, if you are interested in the precise kinetics of the postsynaptic response, the picospritzer’s crisp, immediate onset and offset is certainly preferable.

All this said, I think those Baby-Bee syringes Enrique Soto mentioned would indeed also be very suitable.

Good luck!

You should ask it to the book editor of the journal.

Reverse pharmacology : target-based drug discovery (TDD) is the science of integrating documented clinical/experiential hits, into leads by transdisciplinary exploratory studies and further developing these into drug candidates by experimental and clinical research.

Classical pharmacology, also known as forward pharmacology, or phenotypic drug discovery (PDD), relies on phenotypic screening (screening in intact cells or whole organisms) of chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect.

It is an atypical antipsychotic. It is primarily used in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Other uses include as an add-on treatment in major depressive disorder, tic disorders and irritability associated with autism.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aripiprazole

Sengupta A, Ghosh S, and Bhattacharjee S. Allium vegetables in cancer pevention: An overview. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2004; 5: 237-245.

Yuk T H, Kang J H, Lee S R, Yuk S W, Lee K G, Song B Y, Kim C H, Kim D W, Kim D, Lee T K, and Lee C H. Inhibitory effect of Carthamus tinctorius L. seed extracts on bone resorption mediated by tyrosine kinase, COX-2 (cyclooxygenase) and PG (prostaglandin) E2. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine 2002; 30(1): 95-108.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4897106/

A good day Mr. Prashant, please check once with the PubChem database, you should find the structure, Poly IC/Poly ICLC.

soluble in ethanol and DSMO, minimally soluble in water

Even though various hurdles are involved in sailing through from in vitro testing of natural products to pharma-market, I still think it is worthy to go through that simply because our health deserves tight security from poisons...

please check the below link: