Science topics: Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology
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Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology - Science topic
Dry Powder Inhalers, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Particle engineeing techniques, Formulation processing and development, Pharmaceutics and pharmaceutical technology, physicochemical characterization, controlled drug release, Crystal growth and design, Powder Technology & material sience, Oral drug delivery, Spray drying & freeze drying, Solid State, Nanoparticle particle engineeing, Targeted delivery systems, Particular interactions in pharmaceutical dosage forms, Drug Delivery
Questions related to Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology
Hallo all,
I would like to coat a tablet. I tried it with wax, which is dissolved in triglyceride, but the end product was too waxy! Could you pls give me suggestions?
Thanks in advance
Hallo,
I have a glucose syrup with sugar, I wann to mix them with heating up to 115 c. Then I have to cool it until 95 c and add another mix with stable temp. I use for that purpose a hot plate. My question is: how to control the temp of the mixture at 95 c during this process? Taking in our consideration that 95 c is the temp of the liquid not the surface of the hot plate.
Thanks in advance
Normally, a plant species need to have a scientific name as a prerequisite to be able to publish its newly discovered medicinal properties. However, in my situation, this specific plant has a common name widely known by the locals and lacks a scientific name. I'm curious if the publication of findings on an unidentified plant's medicinal properties is acceptable and justifiable?
I am a Ph.D. candidate at China Medical University. We are conducting a project to develop a methodological quality assessment tool for health economic evaluation alongside pragmatic clinical trials.
We sincerely invite scholars who are interested in health economic evaluation to participate in this survey. Your insights and participation in this survey would be invaluable to this study.
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For questions, please contact me at 2022110055@cmu.edu.cn or songrm97@gmail.com. Thank you for your time and consideration.
Song Ruomeng, Ph.D. candidate
China Medical University, China
I am a newly hired microbiologist at a pharmaceutical factory that produces non-sterile drugs (cream, syrup, lotion). Since this is not my main specialty, I am learning some microbiology laboratory techniques by researching and experiencing, there is a subject I would like to consult.
I regularly analyze the purified water used in production, I use the membrane filtration method for this job. The problem is that I am not sure whether the media I use are suitable for this job, and the microbiology SOP files are missing on this subject, I need to update them.
As a result of my research in the relevant pharmacopoeias (EP, USP), I found that it is recommended to use R2A agar for microbiological analysis of purified water. However, I'm not sure that the contamination of purified water can only be measured with R2A agar, and even if I carried out this analysis with R2A alone, I don't know how to identify many microorganisms in one agar plate (E.coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis) that multiply afterwards. However, looking at the analysis notebook, the microbiologist hired before me used the following media to secure the job: TSA, SDA, MCA, MSA, CA, R2A. As it is known that except TSA and R2A, other agars are selective media for a specific type of bacteria, this approach seems correct, but is it normal to use so many media in practice? Can't this job be done with less?
Although this information is not given in detail in the pharmacopoeias. Apart from the information I gained, I also learned that each laboratory can create its own analysis method, but I don't have enough experience to create a method myself and I'm the only microbiologist in this factory. It would be very useful for me if microbiologists experienced in the pharmaceutical sector could give their valuable opinion on this subject, thank you.
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Is there a technological niche in pharmaceutical research that makes NQR or NMR the only measurement methods practically applicable?
I am looking for a plain/empty gel system, which we can directly buy and load the drug for the purpose of transdermal delivery. Your kind help will be appreciated.
Which dissertations, articles describe the selection of materials, products using quality by design and life cycle assessment? Thank you!
I am working on a chiral N-Boc-3-heteroarene(imidazole derivative) substituted piperidine derivative, and we observed a slight drop of optical purity after removal of the Boc in HCl/dioxane(2M).
Considering acidic condition is stable for alpha-H of EWG, what else may be the cause for this racemization?
Usually we express FRAP results in µm Fe(II)/gm of extract using FeSO4 standard curve. How to convert these readings in percentage values?
Is it possible for a drug that it's duration of action time be bigger than it's clearance time?
Hello! What are the oldest literary sources you know that would mention pharmaceutical salts? I am aware of the first cocrystal [benzoquinone + hydroquinone] (1:1) investigated in 1844, but I could not find any mention of the first (or even the first described) pharmaceutical salt (Wohler, F. Untersuchungen über das Chinon / F. Wohler // Ann. Chem. Pharm. – 1844. – V. 51. – P. 145-163). If you know of such sources, please share them. Thanks in advance
Is it necessary to carry out validation tests on model mixtures prepared using both substances, or is it enough to use one substance for testing?
What validation tests should be carried out for an "alternative" substance only? If there is a quantitative method: what validation tests should be checked, for example?
Is it necessary to use a risk-based approach to determine validation tests when registering a new alternative substance during revalidation?
I'm really looking forward to your response, thank You for your attention!
I want to separate the bacterial/fungal cells from the growth medium loaded with ointment/cream. Please, anyone, share the techniques to separate cells alone after treatment with the drug
We are trying to determine the UV-visible spectrum for some hydroethanolic herbal extracts but we keep getting negative reading, we tried dissolving the samples in different solvents, distilled water, 5% propylene glycol and 10% propylene glycol, but the results are always negative, what could be the reason? and is there a solution for this problem?
I'm trying to conduct a Microbial Limit Test (MLT) on a material which is highly viscous in aqueous solutions (similar to CMC and xanthan gum), and when diluting the sample in a 1:10 dilution (In peptone water) I'm practically ending up with just a lump in the bottle. Is there any way that I can still make a 1:10 dilution without this happening?
By counting people; quantifying them; creating norms (stating what is a normal perception, normal memory, normal daily function); correlating data about them; and by medicalizing, biologizing, genericizing, and bureaucratizing individuals, are we creating new kinds of patients?
Afterall, when “autistics,” “hoarders,” “obese,” or “paranoid schizophrenics” emerge as new subjects, so do new types of experts identifying, assessing, and treating them.”
“Hacking argues that the human sciences are not necessarily revealing new illnesses that are then given names; instead, they are driven by “engines of discovery” and involve a process of “making up people.”
Source of discussion inspiration: https://slate.com/technology/2022/07/schizophrenia-diagnosis-history-dsm.html
I am here for specific answers or a list of investigation tools to determine the newly developed drugs/inhibitors/medicines.
I want to do liposomes release profile, I was wondering if I can use dialysis bags as I already have them cut of 12 kda instead of using dialysis tubes as I have seen everyone is using that.
I have tried to dissolve the 0.286 gm indomethacin in 8 ml of Dmso [(100mM)] but it did not dissolve completely. I had put in a shaker overnight. then I incubated it at 75 C for 10 minutes and then sonicate for around 10 minutes but still, it did not dissolve.
and then i had disolve 71.56mg in 10 ml of ethyl alcohol [(20mM)] and still it did not disolve.
please suggest any idea????
I have herbal extracts obtained by maceration in 80% ethanol that are desired to be evaluated for their wound healing activity using excision and incision wound model on albino rats.
Although the extracts are prepared using the same solvent they have different solubility profile in water (some form clear solution while others results in a homogeneous suspension).
We intend to formulate the extracts into a semisolid dermal preparation using either aqueous cream base or simple ointment base as they are the most frequently used bases with the least intrinsic efficacy.
Is there a suitable method to measure and compare the release of the extracts from the aqueous cream base and the simple ointment base in order to evaluate their suitability.
We know, that we can use only validated methods for comparative studies. In our lab we have performed the validation of the dissolution method for the specific medicine. In the comparative study we used several different media, these media did not participate in our validation, exept the one for quality control. Does it mean that we have to perform full validation procedures in each media additionally?
In recent years, advancement of AI technologies brought a wide spectrum of applications in Biomedical and Pharmaceutical industry. From Computer Vision enabled by Deep Learning algorithms to AI aided Drug Discovery and Drug Repurposing. What's your opinion on the impacts of AI on Healthcare industry in the future?
In the structure of many drugs, there is a carboxylic group
What is the significance of this group? Why should it exist in the structure of a drug?
Do you know any article or book or reference about this subject?
Thanks a lot
Probiotics can be used as dietary supplements or drugs to treat diseases. The genetically modified probiotics will offer much more beneficial features than the wild type probiotics. Does FDA approve genetically modified probiotics? When do you think they will approve? What scientific questions do we need to resolve before FDA can approve? Can we use genetically modified probiotics as dietary supplements without FDA approval?
Hi Everyone
I have calculated the effect of a drug on the inactivation of a protein at different temperatures using unpaired experiments. The drug has a significant effect (p<0.00001) on the function of the protein at all tested temperatures (12C, 25C and 37C). The temperature itself has an effect on the function of the protein. This data and many related experiments indicate the effect of the drug is strongest at 25C. However, I want to find a good statistical model to confirm that the effect of drug on the protein is temperature dependant and peaks at 25C. I was thinking about ANCOVA and Two way ANOVA but both do not seem to be intended to test a hypothesis like this.
Please note that none of the data sets are paired. These are all independent samples. And finding the optimum temperature for the drug effect is not my main aim. I want to confirm whether the temperature has an effect on the drug response
Has anyone encountered a problem like this before? What procedures did you take to properly test the hypothesis? Any recommendation/advice is most welcome
Thank you :)
Recent research suggests that beta blockers are useful in fighting the corona virus. what is the acual mechanism of action?
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase is an enzyme in some bacteria that is responsible for the resistance to penicillin antibiotics. Due to the rise in antibiotic resistance, the enzyme has caught my attention in research. However, the cost of the test kits for the enzyme is a factor I am yet to know before undergoing the research. It is for this reason that this question was asked. I am a young scholar pursuing a B.Sc in microbiology. I will highly appreciate any effort made for research simplicity and continuity.
Your contributions will mean a lot to me.
Thank you in anticipation
Daniel Agurokpon
Hello, can anyone please named few potential drug delivery technologies that you think are novel and unique. Our comapny is looking to buy few drug delivery technologies that can serve us to compete for now and few next years. Suggestions are highly appreciated. Thanks in advance.
Regards
The API (i.e. loteprednol etabonate )has poor solubility in water but has excellent solubility in Transcutol P which serves as cosurfactant in my microemulsion formulation. But when I added water in finished formulation, the drug substance precipitated. I was preplexed. Could you help me understand the problem? I also gave a glance at google scholar search results, and could not find any research on loteprednol etabonate microemulsion or nanoemulsion. Would you be so kind as to help me get some? Thank you very much.
Hi,
I am to go for ligand based pharmacophore design, before going to start I need some basic knowledge about pharmacophore design like ligand based vs structure based, preliminary requirements or requisition to develop ligand based pharmacophore, data set preparation, features selection, validation of developed pharmacophore and software which can use for pharmacophore design.
Does Big Pharma play too big a role in directing and funding Global reasearch?
Should academics be banned from ANY interaction with Big Pharma?
It is often required to use solid reagent for analytical analysis within their shelf-life period, however, some suppliers can't provide a specified expiry date (they provide sometimes only the release test date)?
my question then, is about how to process (set appropriate release test) in order to be conform to the quality of solid reagent?
A bacteria grew on macconkey, they were white and round colonies, oxidase negative, catalase positive, nonlactose fermenter but when I did gram staining it appeared as gram negative cocci sometimes in chains and others as a diplococci. It was isolated from xanthan gum powder used to manufacture drugs. Any idea what ir could be or what I can do to identify it?
Oh it also grew on Oxoids Brillance Salmonella agar forming pink colonies which also rules out salmonella the thing is that that agar has novobiocine and cefsulodine as antibiotics so that bacteria must be resistant to both at least at the concentrations in the agar, and the and gram staining gave the same result as the macconkey. Also before plating in both agars 10g of the xanthan gum were enriched on triptic soy broth for 24h at 37C
How can we find the patent number of NDA and ANDA?
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/ provide application number but there is no patent number. Can anyone please help?
Thank you
Different methods were used to prepare enteric-coated granules. For example, you manufacture granules first and then coated them with Eudragit polymer by fludized bed .
But I want to know how to prepare enteric-coated granules directly by wet granualtion if you do not have access to other granulation equipment or your excepients/drugs are expensive.
In connection with the development of technology, the current technological revolution, which Industry 4.0 information processing technologies find application in the development of medicine?
Please reply
Best wishes
I have decided to examine the effect of potassium nitrate on certain disease symptom. Unfortunately, there are a few companies which produce potassium nitrate capsules and their capsules are not pure potassium nitrate and some sort of vitamins are added to them which can interfere with my results.
Potassium nitrate is readily available in form of powder. I wanted to know that is that possible that I simply put a desired amount of potassium nitrate powder in empty capsules and give them to patients to use them? I have this questions since capsules usually have excipients such as silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, etc.
Hello everyone,
How can performed DOP test for return/exhaust HEPA filters in the clean room? Because it can not be done by scan method for the leak test.
What will you suggest?
Are there standards or guidelines in this regard?
thanks.
Hello all
I am working on drug molecule cilnidipine
trying to develop dissolution medium for in vitro release of my formulation
can anyone help me with the idea how to do it?
i have tried following disso mediums but none of them show peak of my drug
0.1 N HCl
Phosphate buffer pH 6.8
Acetate buffer pH 4.8
Phosphate buffer pH 6.8 with 0.1 % tween 80
0.4 % SLS in deionized water
also can anyone tell me about authenticity of using methanolic buffer / solution as dissolution medium?
With the appearance of COVID-19 vaccines on the market, many available choices are there.
Which one is good?
Which one is safest?
Which one is most expensive?
Which one is easiest to store?
How many doses are required?
Other than intramuscular injection, any other forms?
How to check immune response after?
Do we need post-injection blood test?
Do we need annual booster dose?
Do we need new vaccines every year by prediction as if flu vaccines?
Any contraindications?
Any allergy from vaccination?
Do we need to mask after injection?
Dear all,
I would like to develop a method (UPLC-MS/MS) for the determination of sildenafil (viagra) and its metabolite N-desmethyl sildenafil in plasma using protein precipitation as extraction method. I have read that Incurred Samples Reanalysis for N-desmethyl sildenafil has shown 20 to 50% increase in the concentration compared to initial concentration (The concentration of sildenafil was found to be matching). In addition, I have read that you can solve this issue working on ice. I was wondering if somebody with experience in this ananysis could give me and explanation.
Thanks for yuor time!!
Best wishes,
Kika
Sometimes the actual size of the ampoule or vial is too small, so the labeling of the high concentration electrolyte (high alert) becomes difficult and covers the vital information including the expiry date.
Greetings
Which of the following majors is more suitable for studying at international universities for the master's degree in chemistry? Please apply the following items in your final answer: 1- Average income after graduation in the United States or Europe and 2- Ease of admission to international universities 3- Number of jobs available after graduation 4- working in the field of medicine and pharmacology etc.
- Medicinal chemistry
- Organic chemistry
- Pharmacology
- Nano Chemistry
- Analytical chemistry
Microplastics are environmental nuisance due to their ability to adsorb pollutants on the surface and carry contaminants to a long distance conveyed by air, water and soil. Therefore, contaminants are often found at a place which is not a source of such pollutants. Particle shape and size contribute to the transport pattern of microplastics borne contaminants in the environment. The concern is is mainly for the combined toxicity with the transport of hydrophobic organic compounds, heavy metals and pharmaceutically produced compounds. The absence of regulatory limits of microplastics in a watershed has made the problem acute in waterbodies. I am wondering if microplastics can be controlled in a watershed, if so, how.
Hello everyone,
By searching the half-life of vasopressin, it appears that there are huge fluctuations between studies... Some demonstrate that, in blood, the half-life is about 2-3 min whereas other found more than 20min...
Does anyone know the "accepted" time of vasopressin half-life in blood?
Also, does anyone know the half-life within the brain?
Thank you for your help,
Sincerely,
- What is the time taken for steady state to be established in adults for ( Mycophenolate mofetil ) ?
Patient diagnosed with intractable major depression. Olanzapine treatment caused severe drug-induced Parkinsonian symptoms. Olanzapine discontinued 18 months ago and patient recovered from DIP. What alternative medication would you recommend?
The nanotechnology is an increasing field of science with novel applications to many sectors, what are the current applications of the nanotechnology in the drug delivery and pharmaceutical technology?
The same route of administration, dosage form, and the strength of the biological product ?
Morbidity and mortality from invasive fungal infections remain unacceptably high, I really want to know why vaccines are not developed for fungal diseases, lack of scientific proficiency or ignorance?
With acceptable hardness and friability.
I am trying to make a tablet formula for an active ingredient with a very light and airy structure, similar to fumed silicon dioxide. My constraints are that the tablet needs to be small with as high a percentage of active ingredient as possible.
I have tried several formulations using microcrystalline cellulose and dicalcium phosphate, but the issue is that the tablet comes out too soft. Using any reasonable amount of active ingredient (reasonable meaning greater than 20%) I can crack the tablet in half with my fingernail. The mixture is ultimately too light, and I physically can not put enough powder into the well of my tablet press in order to get a good, solid compression.
Is there any excipient I can add or any technique I can use that will create a good tablet in this instance?
COVID-19 is severely affecting the whole world economy, and different countries suffered from different financial recession. Many human activities are affected, and the modern way of living is completely uprooted.
Will Governmental research grants be expected to drop sharply after COVID-19?
How about those financial support by pharmaceutical companies?
Is charity organization donations grants also experience a significant drop after COVID-19?
In my country, general practitioners also provide (sell) the medicine. What do you think of this practice? Please share your views concerning the advantages or disadvantages of this practice.
Do you know of places where it started like this; and then changed so that only pharmacists can dispense medicine? Thanks.
Dear colleagues,
I've been working on some lipid extraction analysis with QDa HPLC.
I start with some biological samples that are spiked with a different final concentrations of a lipid mix (consisted of few known lipids), thus to see what is the minimal concentration (and the recovery %) of the lipids that can be detected. In parallel, I use a freshly prepared calibration curve (0;0.5;1;2;4;6;8;10;20).
The problem is that I am not sure of the way I analyze my data, because in some samples I see clear peaks (of up to the ^6-7 intensity), yet, in my excel calculations I get very low or non-existing concentrations, like the extraction was not successful at all. For ex., I have clear peaks and higher calculated concentrations for samples with 50ug/ml final conc; but for samples with 100ug/ml I only have clear peaks with higher intensity, yet the calculations and recovery % show very low/non-existent values.
The way I analyze my data is the following:
1) Use calibration curve (slope&intercept) to calculate the concentration of my samples;
2) I tried to normalize for the blanks (for ex. if I have some very low signal in some of the blank samples)
3) I tried to normalize for the dilution factor (if diluted 10 times, multiple the concentration calculation by 10).
I believe there is a problem with the calibration curve cause a) R= 0.95-8 (approximately)
b) because of the slope or intercept, I get a lot of negative values in my sample conc. calculations.
I already checked the calculations multiple times and I am using a precise automatic pipette, so I really don't understand what the problem might be. Knowing how simple Cal.curve preparation and calculation is, I feel very frustrated that I cannot get proper values every time I do the analysis.
Do you maybe have any suggestions/comment/advice on a proper calculation, on how the slope&intercept affect my concentration and the calibration curve problem?
Thanks in advance,
Margarita
How do I convert the absorbance values I have from dissolution into percentage cumulative drug release?
Also how do I measure the solubility of ibuprofen in water experimentally?
I am actually working on pharmaceutical formulations with thermoplastic polymers such as "copovidone or Kollidon VA64 and active ingredients like "Paracetamol". When i was running DSC with pure polymers, i used to do heat-cool-heat cycle (25-250 at 10°C/ min) in order to obtain the glass transition temperature (103 °C). Now, I am producing extrudates of KVA64 with Paracetamol and I am trying to determine solid state change of the Paracetamol (which is crystalline and have melting peak at 170°C) and check if I obtained a solid amorphous dispersion. However, by applying the heat-cool-heat cycle method to the physical mixture or the extrudates, i only fitnd in the 2nd heat a glass transition temperature without the melting peak characteristic of the Paracetamol even though on XRD there a some cristalline peaks. I think during the 1st heating, I amorphized the Paracetamol within the copovidone and the 2nd heating displays the thermal profile of this in-situ solid amorphous dispersion and not my original product. Could you suggest me some solutions to this issue? Thanks in advance
We have produced a systematic review protocol according to COCHRANE guidelines for the investigation of the cost-effectiveness of a pharmaceutical technology in the clinical practice.
Many of the colors used to chromosome staining are alkaline colors (for example carmine). Are colors that have acidic properties also capable of chromosome staining?
We always hear that herbal medicines don't have side effects beacuse they are natural. However, the synthetic drugs are associated with a lot of side effects. How true is this statement?
The global average surface temperature rose 0.6 to 0.9 degrees Celsius (1.1 to 1.6° F) between 1906 and 2005, and the rate of temperature increase has nearly been doubled in the last 50 years. Temperatures are certain to go up further and may lead to fast genetic mutations in some pathogenic microbes to become accustomed to the new climate and proliferate resistant gene distribution over geographies. In addition, the overuses of antibiotics is also triggering the issues at a great step. Near about 10 most deadly bacterial pathogens have already been registered as antibiotic-resistant. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of them, that has already been created a huge challenge to overcome in their own right and will only become harder to control as their resistance to antibiotics grows. The development of new antibiotics is slow and difficult work but bacterial resistance is decreasing our arsenal of existing drugs posing a catastrophic threat as ordinary infections become untreatable.
I'm looking at the effect of cannabidiol on a certain process in cells. In my first trial, cannabidiol had a small effect. In my second trial, the same concentration had a much larger effect.
One explanation that can account for this difference is that the concentration in the first trial might have been done incorrectly and was actually lower than the second trial. I still have samples of the dilutions I made (in DMSO). Is there a way to check what the concentration is in my solutions to be sure they are the same?
Dear Sir/Madam, I invited as a guest editor from high quality journals to handle special issues. If anyone can prepare a review similar to my review papers, particularly about a natural product in cancer prevention with focus on the structure activity relationship and mechanism of action, please kindly let me know to send an official letter. At this stage you should just send the title, authors and affiliation and abstract. Please kindly let me know as soon as you can. The suggested deadline for sending review is about 3 month. Best wishes, Suggeted topic: Genotoxicity of different agents and possble protection. Reducing side effects of radiotherapy and chomotherapy. Next generation of cancer therapy; Natural products. Natural products as novel therapeutic compounds. Radiation protection.
Dear researchers,
What are the detection methods for Estrogen hormone in the aqueous solution?
Can we use the UV-visible spectroscopy for Estrogen hormone (E1, E2 or EE2) detection? What is the suitable wavelength?
Best regards
Is it possible for a person to crush a sustained release tablet for fast action?
I am interested to have some cases/examples where scientists come out with an efficient drug against a disease marker (successful clinical trials), although at the end they realized that the cost of developing and marketing that drug was too high to be afforded and covered by most of health insurance systems therefore they decided to quit the project without providing this drug to patients who needed it. Or cases when the project was stopped because at certain point the scientists realized that the cost of production of the drug was very high and the number of patients to whom this drug was targeted wasn't big enough to cover the research/development costs (orphan drug). I know that this is not common because usually no one would do a research without predicting the financial aspect that's why I am asking for your help, if you ever encountered such a case.
I need this information to moderate a debate about biotechnology and society, so if you have another interesting topic, I would really appreciate your suggestions.
Thanks in advance!
I want to do GPT, how can i get the microbial culture with not more than 100 CFU/ml without Kit?
I am synthesizing the compound 1 by using chan-lam reaction as the figure showing. However, the conversion yield of ortho fluoroboronic acid (less than 20% on LC/MS) is much lower than the para fluoroboronic, which is very strange since the boronic acid is a nucleophile reagent and the F is ortho/para activated substituent and smaller than H in size.
It is safe to use PHB for oral dosage form and what about its drug release behavior or mechanism?
Hi All,
Thank you for all your support.
Thank you chandra mohan , Christian Janiesch and Ramin Sedaghat.
Looking for more published projects where students can get benefited by referring these documents.
Please share the docs directly into genotech.in@gmail.com or reply me here.
Regards,
Ranjan
XRD peaks of drug in drug-loaded nano-particles are not shown. Do you know why?
Our research project is the production of probiotic pills from native strains.
What is the best method?...