Perception - Science topic

Talica Lewanavanua great that you asked this - I did like @Yusrita Zolkefli's wrote

E.g., The primary aim is to explore whether these characteristics contribute to the perceived disadvantages ....This research will examine how ...

Thank you for you answer Belyazid Abdellatif , if I understand it correctly, are you talking about the curvature of the earth, or the curvature of the cylinder? As I am wondering how big the cylinder need to be for you to not notice the curvature of the cylinder, not the curvature of the earth being obscured by the cylinder. Or are you meaning that the curvature of the cylinder can only be obscured by the inherent curvature of the earth? I thought that the curvature of the cylinder would be unnoticable at a smaller distance than caused by the curvature of the earth?

The perceptions and experiences of married men regarding sexual and reproductive health are influenced by cultural, societal, and individual factors. Cultural norms and traditional gender roles shape attitudes towards sexual health, with some cultures fostering open discussions while others maintain stigma or taboos.Communication with partners plays a crucial role in men's experiences, affecting understanding and support. Fertility concerns, including infertility, can be sources of stress impacting self-esteem and relationships, leading to seeking medical advice.Attitudes towards family planning and contraception vary among men, influenced by cultural expectations and individual preferences. Access to reproductive health services is vital, yet barriers such as stigma and lack of information may hinder utilization.Men's perceptions of sexual health and satisfaction differ, with some prioritizing pleasure while others may face concerns like sexual dysfunction. Fatherhood experiences also impact views on reproductive health, influencing considerations about family size and involvement in childcare.

I worshiped Piaget for 3 decades. But, more recently, I determined that his "theory" is not fully empirical , but just descriptive (points to/towards NO proximate causes). My neo-Piagetian theory is fully empirical and does point at proximate causes.

Something is not empirical to me unless it is fully (aka really) empirical

Sorry you are going downhill fast, but wisdom can emerge at any time rather than regurgitation of past knowledge and its deductions. This being said, our limited knowledge of cognitive development has to be based on observations of diverse reality, as per Copernicus. The observer does have an intricate effect upon the observation, so deductive reasoning alone limits and induction takes us beyond the assumptions of neatly packaged compartmentalized thinking, antithetical to the pioneers in thought and cognition. Margaret Mead tried to break through this by her investigations into other diverse culture/paradigmatic views. She said: "Children need to be taught how to think, not what to think." Albert Einstein in Relativity recognized that everything is relative, everything is in relationship with everything else from the microcosmic to the macrocosmic. The analogs in nature he observed led to his own theory inductions, never fully proven by science until years after his death. He stated: "I live my daydreams in music. I see my life in terms of music." Art met Science in his thinking. We need merger of the arts to express cognitions that go beyond our current cognitions/assumptions/compartmentalized thought and observe All inducing in us that which we participate in throughout the cosmos. Then science can deduce new ideas from that inspirational origin with first humility and then heuristic quality. Psychology is still a new science still defending itself by certitude of what cognition is, which limits our understanding. William James, the Father of American Psychology investigated the "Stuff of Consciousness" grounding in the observable, pragmatics of the stuff of the Cosmos.

I agree with you, especially "Learning in terms of the interrelated development of basic capacities". That's the answer to Truth Theory in philosophy. I had some experiments to dig out what an AGI baby could learn from its birth (the system started running), the Sensorimotor system of its innate part played a key role in upbringing development. What's more, not only do we need computer simulation, but also put that into the real world of humans. So, I am trying to research ASD children (1- 3 years old) and found that there could be an experience construction error when nature meets nurture, then they form an abnormal network of experiences from TD. At last, all in one word: you are right, and I do believe we can go further relying on non-biological AGI systems and biological Humans simultaneously. Thank you for your sharing.

In philosophy, art and cultural history, it is often postulated that the 'unity of the artwork' lies in its 'essence'. Sometimes traditional concepts of aesthetics still run the risk of basing their problematic working hypotheses regarding the ontological or ontologising concept of art or work on correspondence-theoretical, materialistic or mimetic premises.

A programmatic change of perspective in the art-related sciences, according to the basic assumption, is triggered by a constructivist-systemic observation and description standpoint, which, however, has not yet been strongly anticipated. Modelling art in this way makes it clear that high demands must be placed on the work of art because it is oriented towards both perception (consciousness) and communication (social system).

The provocation lies in the fact that there is no art that exists outside of society, outside of a viewer. Social conditions therefore not only influence the artwork in its form and semantics, but artworks simply do not exist without them. It is always a viewer who makes and characterises distinctions in a work of art. A look at art history teaches us that not only the concept of art itself is a subject to change and that every society speaks differently about art, but that the objects and genres of the art experience have also changed considerably over time.

Finally, modelling art as a social system enables us to conceptualise perception and communication as two central categories of art. Within the social system, we can view art on the one hand as a symbolically generalised medium of communication. As such, it stands in a field of tension between all its elements and is determined by them. On the other hand, art is a medium of perception that must be (perceptually) imagined by a psychological system.

Seen in this light, the digital, knowledge-based network society with its diverse transformations gives rise to numerous new, innovative, alternative perspectives on art and aesthetics.

Greetings

The brain works based on associated memories.

You can review an entire day's worth of memories at a glance.

Sometimes in a short dream of REM, you see many events. Or you may sleep for hours and have a very short dream.

Our perception of time is different at different ages.

The passage of time in the brain depends on the release of our neurotransmitters.

The bitter days of time pass more slowly.

Time is actually a creation of our mind, the brain senses time based on environmental changes but does not store it, because our memories are not dependent on the passage of time.

The changes in the wave function depending on each event are recorded in our minds.

Our brain is a quantum computer.

The wave function of every event has an extension in time and space. Time is a real dimension in our brains. Not an imagination...

Dear all,

In my article published in Cognitive Neurodynamics, I tried to describe in more detail what affective states, emotions are. Write down your personal feelings. I care not about the report from the articles you have read, but about whether you notice in your feelings of emotional states any other bodily, brain, physiological and behavioral signals than those I have described in the above article. This is a kind of social research. My point is that the perception of bodily states with the help of internal senses (interoceptors) can be similar in nature to the creation of qualia by internal senses (which I also described in this article). One might then expect that simple feelings are qualia, but such intensely experienced feelings can be categorized and generalized into abstract concepts that are propositionally accessible. That would be the language of psychology. By becoming aware of these processes, the language of psychology would have a neurophysiological justification.

Thank you in advance for any critical comments and supplementation.

See:

The research of Maniram Ghimire (Kathmandu University) is to investigate the perceptions and experiences of adolescent well-being empowerment and their education in a different educational setting. It selects participants through purposive sampling and uses semi-structured interviews to obtain information. The collected data is analysed after finding patterns, themes, and categories from the participants’ responses.

Maniram questions, How does the mind management approach (MMA) affect adolescent well-being empowerment and the education process?

The mind management approach is a theory & approaches-based technique of watching and managing the self’s emotions, thoughts and behaviours to drive them in the socially acceptable pattern. This way individuals become happier, healthier and more efficient in activities.

The research design and methodology of Maniram Ghimire appropriately address the research question. The semi-structured interviews of the participants selected through purposive sampling can find in-depth insights into participants' experiences and perceptions. In the same way, thematic analysis is also an appropriate method of analyzing qualitative data.

The study's findings in terms of insights into the benefits of using the MMA in diverse learning settings, particularly in terms of adolescent well-being empowerment and education process will be useful for educators and practitioners who work with adolescents’ education and well-being. Thus I expect that his research will add a brick to the journey of incorporating the MMA to enhance adolescent well-being and educational outcomes and open some doors for further studies.

Various theories have been proposed to understand and explain the nature of consciousness and how it arises from the brain's physical processes.

It's important to note that none of these theories currently explain consciousness fully and satisfactorily. This issue is often called the "hard problem" of consciousness, a term coined by philosopher David Chalmers. It refers to the challenge of explaining why and how we have qualitative subjective experiences, or 'what it is like' aspects of consciousness.

Understanding the nature of consciousness and its relationship to the brain remains one of the most intriguing challenges in neuroscience, cognitive science, and the philosophy of mind. As our scientific and philosophical tools evolve, we may gradually uncover more pieces of this fascinating puzzle.

Dear S. Béatrice Marianne Ewalds-Kvist

The key difference between the traditional "definition", in the historical non-science literature, ETC., and WHAT THE REAL CASE IS : in contrast to your view, a truly, fully useful definition OF ATTENTION requires realizing that ASPECTS OF CURRENT ATTENTION ARE NOT INTENTIONAL (i.e. not conscious), realizing that for MAJOR aspects of attention intentionality is not always necessary : Attention, as you see it, involves clear consciousness , BUT , in reality, major aspects (parts) OF IT NEED NOT. The perspectives (CONTEXTS) given by the Memories (as procedural knowledge) do NOT require all current intentionality-for-attention * to be there for everything. An easy example is: do neurotics have clear intentionality when they develop phobias?

No fully true and useful AND NEEDED definition of attention requires that ALL aspects of attention be currently ** be conscious

SO, your notion that "Attention is the act of directing the mind ..." and "... you have to pay attention" IS FALSE.

* FOOTNOTE : I do agree that SOME current intentionality for attention IS NECESSARY.

** FOOTNOTE : I do think at some time(s) during child development all useful cognitive components DO HAVE TO BE RELATED TO DIRECTLY OBSERVABLE OVERT BEHAVIOR PATTERNS (this is one of the crucial aspects of my view and approach (in general).

The overall problem is Western man's INSISTENCE that she/he be able to know and be in command of anything she/h wants to be, will ,in time, be considered ridiculous. THAT is the key to the illness I see.

Attitude and perception are differ in their fundamental nature, with attitude referring to a learned predisposition to respond towards an object, and perception referring to the process of interpreting sensory information. Measuring them requires different approaches based on the type of information we aim to gather.

Attitudes and perceptions both can be measured in different ways. To measure attitude, researchers use methods such as self-report questionnaires, semantic differential scales, and Likert scales, that typically involve asking a respondent to rate their agreement or disagreement with a series of statements. For example, a researcher might ask a respondent to rate how much they agree with statements such as "I enjoy shopping for new clothes" or "I think it's important to recycle". Perception can be measured using methods such as psychophysical scaling techniques and direct observation. Psychophysical scaling techniques are used to measure an individual's sensitivity to various stimuli, such as sound, light, or taste. Direct observation involves analyzing a respondent's behavior or verbal responses when exposed to a particular stimulus. For example, a researcher might observe how a respondent reacts to a particular type of food or how they respond to different types of visual stimuli.

Adeyo Samuels has a lot of great ideas. Define your population, sample, and size. Bigger is not always better. Fewer, more indepth questions and a follow up is better.

All unstructured/semistructured interviews or first focus groups? Decide on what you want to know. All these issues go back to your aims and methodology (e.g., a grounded theory study will be vastly different than a phenomenology study, etc.)

By perceptions, what do you want to know? Look both at the COVID-education literature and the broader field.

Pilot your interview questions after carefully crafting them [can include initial analysis of the practice interview to see if you get the information you want and if questions are clear]. Consider techniques to improve the questions, such as the Delphi technique, interviewing/reviewers of outside experts, etc. Chenille has other ideas. I will review your guide if you asked.

Here could be the simple way to start. "Tell me about teaching during COVID." Then ask probing questions and inquire about best/worst experiences and "tell me more." Avoid why questions!

Several theoretical frameworks could be appropriate for studying teachers' perceptions, depending on the research question and the specific context of the study. Here are three possible options:

These are just a few examples of theoretical frameworks that could be appropriate for studying teachers' perceptions. It's important to choose a framework that is aligned with the research question and context of the study, and to clearly articulate how the chosen framework will guide the research design and analysis.

Investigating a method for elaborating a radical thinking of law would likely involve exploring alternative and non-mainstream approaches to legal theory and examining how these approaches might challenge and reshape traditional notions of law. Examining the consequences of the existence or absence of a research method for the elaboration and perception of political-legal problems marginalized in the Western tradition of the philosophy of law could involve analyzing the historical and cultural context of these marginalized problems and considering how different research methods and theoretical perspectives might impact our understanding and response to these issues.

The perceptions of the respondents towards waste management found generally good. Many cases about 99.7% reported that waste management is important, 62.4% report that it is the responsibility of them to manage waste. Whereas, education status, income level, occupation, attitude and nature of housing, of the respondents were statistically significant association with their participation in solid waste management Citizens co-operation is vital to reduce, reuse and recycling of waste and in keeping garbage off the streets, by keeping biodegradable "wet" kitchen and food wastes unmixed and separate from recyclable "dry" wastes and other hazardous wastes. African countries that are heavily inundated with indiscriminate MSW constitute health challenges to residents of the area as GHGs are released.Institutional weaknesses may occur in the form of ambiguity of waste management policy and legislation since MSW activities effect the core infrastructural framework of a municipality and its residents. Hence, increasing awareness of inhabitants may have a positive impact on attitude as well as perception towards the environment.

Askar Mambetaliev shows, that issue is more complicated:)

the answer should distinguish among what had been left of Western Roman Empire, Byzantium and the Far East /India, China/, as well as between the Middle Ages and the present. For example, individualism is a matter of the 19th and 20th centuries and seems to be wide spread.

Karl Sipfle

in this link -

My senton: this is one of a well developed example of speculative fiction.

in this link

I agree that a serious consideration of a reduction of primary terms in the overall study of mind makes sense, although I do not see that your list is any more compelling than that of Abhidamata sangaha (http://www.abhidhamma.com/frameset.html?http://www.abhidhamma.com/abhidhamma_charts.html) which is probably 800 years old, different, and equally erroneous.

In all views that are attempted, however, the idea of citta or mind moment is significant, and I think we are at a technical stage in which we can define it as 1/10th of a second, more or less.representing the corticao-thalamic feedback loop that is at the base of sustaining mental contents long enough to support memory formation and perception.

The rest builds from that, hopefully with real neural correlates and realistic neural states that can be tested electrically and chemically.

Dear Samuel,

I hope it helps you

Seba Alabdullatif ----Seba, One methodology is to assign a word or very short phrase to the concepts that you know about space and time. Here you put more (not all) emphasis on architectural space. Next you want to organize them in groups. Starting with words that introduce the topic. A middle group restate the ideas you imply in group one. But adds details. The last group tells of your idea related to architecture. You want to add illustration that enhance these groups. Don’t worry about the drawing quality. You can think of making a short story book for children. A hint - to get ideas for images. Do a google search for the words and click on images.

a statistical measurements will demand measurement tests, if you are able of finding a perception scale then work with it. Otherwise, you can establish a work sheet about every dimensions you are willing to work for. For example; writing your own questions regarding your 5 dimensions and making a conclusion for it all. A survey would be the best adequate tool for your research.

Read this article to find your answer, I hope it will be useful.

Yes, if it should not be quashed, but also their opinion of leaders' competence, and their belief of their leader's opinion of their competence.

And of course left alone it can lead to bad product or high costs and slowed personal development.

Co and extra curricular activities do have a strong impact on the behavior, perception and personality of the students. It is a platform where students come out with creative ideas from the classroom teachings and show their skills, talents and potentialities. It enhances the level of confidence and self esteem among the students. Student active participation in extra and co curricular activities should be promoted both by parents and teachers to a larger extent.

Larry Carlson (from https://www.researchgate.net/post/What-could-be-proof-of-consciousness/140 ) -->

My point is that one reason why we might not include percepts (such as our subjective mental image of the moon) in an explanation of consciousness is that we not only cannot see what happens in the leap between "neural correlates" of conscious perception, but we cannot see the end product. Hence, researchers may content themselves with describing the processes which seem to converge, culminate, and manifest themselves in subjective experiences (such as the sight of the moon).

In short, the traditional claim posed by dualists is that (moon) images are internally subjective, and thus supposedly cannot be observed or studied by scientists objectively; from this they draw the conclusion that sensory images/percepts in particular (and consciousness, in general) cannot be studied by scientists, and are therefore, they presume, outside of the realm of of physics... and thus are non-physical.

However, much as we could never provide a visual of an atom, we seem now to be headed in the direction of more directly observing mental images in other individuals, as if these images were external 'things'.... specifically those images in our own dreams, as Musk et al. relate in this Youtube clip:

Perhaps some might say that this is only an artificial approach...and that we are not really seeing someone's visual images as they dream. However, again, keep in mind that there are always, perhaps, epistemic gaps between the model and what is modeled. In particular, our own mental images model some "un-experientiable" aspects of the quantum blur of the physical (noumenal) reality outside of our subjective, phenomenal perception. A video of the percepts which constitute subjective perception (e.g., visual images) will also, no doubt similarly be significantly different from the mental images which they purport to model.

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*https://physicsworld.com/a/electron-microscope-sees-single-hydrogen-atoms/#:~:text=Physicists%20in%20the%20US%20claim,image%20such%20a%20light%20atom

Hi,

As the scale is copyrighted, you may contact the authors:

The PAIS and PAIS-SR are distributed by Clinical Psychometric Research, 1228 Wine Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21204, U.S.A.

This scale is published and citation is:

Derogatis LR. The psychosocial adjustment to illness scale (PAIS). J Psychosom Res. 1986;30(1):77-91. doi: 10.1016/0022-3999(86)90069-3. PMID: 3701670.

You can find links to instruments in my assessment archive here: https://paulspector.com/assessments/assessment-archive/

There is a healthcare-specific section at the bottom of the page.

I think it's depend on the level of pupils intellectual state.

If there is data, you can build a model. The key is to see the relevance of the model.

A lot depends on the kind of research question(s) you have. For example, if your goals are more exploratory, then you would probably want to pursue a qualitative approach. Or, if you have hypotheses that you want to test, then a quantitative approach would be more appropriate.

I also have the same question. Did you get the answer? Kindly share if you got something.

One issue is that those estimates are different than regular predictors in a model because they must have some amount of error due to estimation. So, any further modelling done with them will yield somewhat overconfident CIs unless the estimation error is taken into account. I'm not sure of the best approach with random effects estimates, but there are ways of taking this into account with fixed-effects predictors measured with error: error-in-variables models, SEMs, or multiple overimputation/plausible value imputation. Or it seems like you could go full Bayes with a latent variable that explains both of your outcome variables (perception, production) and is nested into participants.

The aspects related to intuition are of a psychological nature and that, in the case of entrepreneurs, intuition is conditioned by the information that the person has about the market and, above all, the issues that refer to the skills that other entrepreneurs have in the sector. where you work, which allows you to detect your strengths, opportunities and weaknesses to undertake a business, for this there are methods and computer tools that make it possible to detect the circumstances of that specific market for which your knowledge allows you to have a better understanding.

Francisco Maria Calisto Clinicians' perspectives and attitudes regarding artificial intelligence (AI) in medical imaging can influence their acceptance and usage of these tools significantly. Clinicians who are suspicious about the accuracy or use of AI in medical imaging may be less inclined to employ these technologies in their practice. Clinicians, on the other hand, maybe more willing to accept and apply AI in medical imaging if they are confident in its dependability and understand the potential benefits of adopting it.

Several factors, including clinicians' past experiences with these tools, their degree of knowledge with AI technology, and the quality of assistance and training they receive in utilizing these tools, might impact clinicians' views and attitudes regarding AI in medical imaging. It is also critical for AI in medical imaging developers and providers to properly convey the capabilities and limits of these technologies to doctors in order to guarantee that they are utilized appropriately and successfully.

Fascinating research Matt Keuler, thanks for sharing. My question includes women and men and also about their ages. Is there an age or genre mostly perceived as genuine? Besides, the perception could be affected when dealing with politics since it is related to how conservative a person can be, or the belief of people are corrupt or not. How about simply believing somebody or not? I read a mention about some research involving trivia facts. How strong biases are when trusting other people or not?

“It is not the slumber of reason that engenders monsters, but vigilant and insomniac rationality.”

― Gilles Deleuze, Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia

Same to You!

There is a continuum between sensation and attention. How you mix it up determines the kind of perception you have (e.g. observation vs. recognition). I worked out a theory based on quantum physics that extrapolates to a metaphysical description of how we operate. You can find it at primalword.com

Im confused on what does and expert panel does. I need to have one for my dissertation. Some one please help me.

Thanks @jummai sagir for your input. I agree with your stating point which is what I found in most studies on perceptions. I am more interested in how it has been conceptualised/theorised in the literature. Do you have any reference I can read?

If you are not going to do inferential statistics it is not important to calculate a sample size. See a good statistics book. David Booth

Cpa Andrew Grohney thank you for your suggestion.

Hello Clement,

Students emotions in online education is an essential topic as affective procedures influence cognitive procedures of learning [1]. Are you focusing on automatic recognition or students emotions analysing text [2] or on the emotional enagement of students using e.g. motivational enhancement methods such as stories, narration, playful or gameful design [3]?

[1] Mystakidis, S. (2021). Deep Meaningful Learning. Encyclopedia, 1(3), 988–997. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia1030075

[2] Tsimaras, D. O., Mystakidis, S., Christopoulos, A., Zoulias, E., & Hatzilygeroudis, I. (2022). E-Learning Courses Evaluation on the Basis of Trainees’ Feedback on Open Questions Text Analysis. Education Sciences, 12(9), 633. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12090633

[3] Mystakidis, S., Filippousis, G., Tolis, D., & Tseregkouni, E. (2021). Playful Metaphors for Narrative-Driven E-Learning. Applied Sciences, 11(24), 11682. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112411682

How do you construct validation in a qualitative research? I think that your attempts to pre-test your FGD guide will create further biases ahead of the actual fieldwork. The focus group discussion tends not to follow a predetermined flow and the guide should just assist you to generate conversation along your research area. Sometimes they could take a completely different dimension. All these contribute to data. To pretest, this would in essence question the principle of qualitative research upon which FGDs ride on

Dear Khondokar Humayun Kabir ,

Have a look at the source Chuck A Arize didn’t mention: https://aytm.com/blog/author-bias-how-to-avoid-asking-leading-questions/ The exact phrases/sentences “Be conscious of scenarios where you may be asking leading questions and understand the resolve by; using neutral language, refrain from embellishing questions, and avoiding absolute words. Applying these tools will allow you to extrapolate authentic and meaningful data from your respondents.” can be found if you scroll down under the heading “Practice Makes Perfect – The Takeaway”.

Best regards.

I suggest that the best guide to interviewing is listening!

Talk with potential participants, engage with them. And, most important, listen to what they consider the important things that they would like people to know and appreciate about them. Co-create the interview schedule with your population of interest. In doing this, you are following the principle of distributional justice, which states that the benefits (and risks) of research must be equally shared between researcher and participants.

There is a tendency to believe that we can define what is important on behalf of a group of people, and draw up a questionnaire or interview to measure it. This is not a good ethical model. Find out the needs of your group of interest, and design your research to align with these. As a practical consequence, your interview will come across as understanding, caring and important. This encourages participation, which helps to ensure that your conclusions are less likely to suffer from non-response bias.

And have fun. Drop the idea that it's your responsibility to know what to ask. It's your responsibility to find that out. And people will be happy to help.

One of my friends was accused of plagiarism; do you know why?

After about three months, his research paper was rejected because of plagiarism. When he checked the journal report, he found that his paper was accused of plagiarism with a 61% percentage. The reason is that his manuscript was previously uploaded as a preprint. It took him another two months to solve the problem and remove the manuscript from the database of the preprint.

So, in order to solve this type of issue, it may take several months of following up to remove the manuscript from the database of the preprint. Anyhow, If there were accusations of plagiarism, it is not well for any researcher's reputation, in any meaning.

Needless to say that if you are using your own words, there should be no plagiarism issue.

Like this phrase about metaverse in Google; What's certain is that the metaverse will be a new paradigm where our digital and online lives converge.

If the authors have not mentioned where their study was conducted, how can I know its location? A letter (or an email) to the corresponding author/s explaining the issue may be helpful.

Hi, I don't have a data set, but an interesting question. Try looking at relevant papers and contacting those researchers, they may share data with you if you collect your own.

An example might be:

Renzoni, A., Pirrea, A., Novello, F., Lepri, A., Cammarata, P., Tarantino, C., ... & Perra, A. (2018). The tattooed population in Italy: a national survey on demography, characteristics and perception of health risks. Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita, 54(2), 126-136.

Good luck with your research!

So the survey is completed in the same language both times, with the only difference being the 'manipulation' of asking them to think of how they self-perceive when in different cultural contexts? Then yes, it is a repeated-measures design.

The sample is dependent, yes, which gains you a lot of statistical power by controlling for across-subject variability.

The Wilcoxon, like other nonparametric tests, does not assume normally distributed data. These are useful significance tests when data violate the assumptions underlying the more common procedures, such as t-tests and ANOVA. So it is up to you and your advisors whether to go ahead with a repeated-measures ANOVA (ignoring the fact that the data aren't normally distributed) or use an analogous nonparametric procedure - though I would recommend the latter, unless a transformation would render the data more normal. (Sometimes a square-root or logarithmic transformation does the trick.)

I wish someone else would chime in here, though. I do not pretend to be a serious expert in these matters, and usually questions like yours get several answers. If a consensus emerges it is very comforting.

The first thing you save to decide is if you are okay with treating the Perception scale responses as a continuous variable or would rather treat it as an ordinal variable.

a) If you have values from 3 to 15 (13 unique values), it might be okay to treat the response as a quasi-continuous variable. In that case, you might try a regular Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) general linear model. This is the same as anova or multiple regression, except that you can include whatever terms and interactions you want on the right hand side. ... This model has assumptions, that you should understand. In particular for the normality assumption, understand that the model assumes a response variable that represents a population that is conditionally normal, not that the data itself is normal. One way to assess this is to fit the model and then look at the residuals from the model.

a2) A non-parametric approach like aligned ranks transformation anova may work for what you need.

b) If you want to treat your response variable as ordinal in nature, ordinal regression will likely work. This is a good idea especially if you have maybe 10 or fewer unique response values. (Like if all responses were, say, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15).

See also this survey: https://www.researchgate.net/post/Invitation_to_participate_in_the_global_student_survey_on_Students_perception_on_the_Russia-Ukraine_war_2022

I agree with Wati Temjen , that you may employ SPSS to analyse using the t-test in a difference of mean (variables) between two groups, and ANOVA in differences of the mean (variables) among more than two groups. However, PLS-SEM could be useful when analysing relationships between variables adopting the Likert Rating Scale.

All the best,

🥰🥰🥰ok

Nowadays, multilevel models (aka., mixed models or hierarchical linear models) provide a nice way to analyze repeated measures (or longitudinal) data. Try a Google search on <ucla mixed model repeated measures>, for example. And if you don't find something discussing your software, try again omitting ucla from the search term. HTH.

I'd offer the possibility that perception and action shape each other at multiple time scales. This point is testable in different ways, including hierarchical linear modeling as well as fractal and multifractal modeling. There are limits due to the scale dependencies of physiology and of the contextual constraints, but so far, there is no need for a limit on the time scales possibly implicated. Within whatever bounds you could find, there is the potential for continuous variation of time scale, as well as the evidence that multiple time scales of perceptual-motor coordiantion interact, either potential implications again at several time scales-originally involved or not.

Your objectives and priorities should guide decisions about your study design. You could start by considering what you want to attain in your investigation. You might find the following textbook a good read.

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/research-design/book255675

Good luck,

Till upto OmicronBA.1-BA1.1- B.A.2 variant -https://nature.us17.list-manage.com/track/click?u=2c6057c528fdc6f73fa196d9d&id=1400a357d2&e=5944515236.

Through Ordinary least squares linear regression

Dear Professor, please look at this related reference.

Thank you

There are two types of methodologies namely quantitative and qualitative can be used. A good thesis should be in mixed methodology but with more quantitative through justifications with logical outputs rather than being more linguistic and leant to qualitative. Because quantitative approach are simple for reader to understand and they become more precise. But for a neat flow of your quantitative outputs you need to be qualitative for a decent extent.

Hope you find it helps

Dear Blair Hewitt

Yes.I have completed the outline of Ethogram Theory. Observations and discoveries must be done now for things to go on (unfortunately (?) , not by me)

Oh yes, there is. Since you mentioned chemistry, I will take it to illustrate my point. In each country, academic performance or achievement, say in chemistry, is roughly situated between two scores on a scale of 100 (say, here, between 40 and 70). If your students are good achievers, they will score higher than the acknowledged range of scores. However, if they are strikingly below the average, there must be an explanation, which is often arrived at through a survey of the perception of chemistry by students. To conjecture, some of the explanations may lie within the educational system itself (including one or all of the curriculum and syllabi, teacher, and student) or in the broader political, economic, social, etc., contexts of the country. The role of the educator on eliciting the perception of students about chemistry here, is to try to see if anything can be done to overcome a negative perception, and slowly begin to turn it into a positive one, which would definitely through time have a favorable impact on academic achievement.

Convergent parallel designs can be problematic because they say very little about how you will actually integrate the results of the two studies. I recommend that you start planning how you will compare your data, right from the beginning.

One useful tool is a Joint Display. You might also look at a recent book by Fetters, The Mixed Methods Research Workbook.

Hi,

Here are few instruments available:

Cole DA, Goodman SH, Garber J, Cullum KA, Cho SJ, Rights JD, Felton JW, Jacquez FM, Korelitz KE, Simon HFM. Validating parent and child forms of the Parent Perception Inventory. Psychol Assess. 2018 Aug;30(8):1065-1081. doi: 10.1037/pas0000552

Khan A, Shahzad S. Psychometric properties of the Urdu translation of children's perception of Parents scale. J Pak Med Assoc. 2020 Apr;70(4):679-682. doi: 10.5455/JPMA.22379

Molzon ES, Brannon EE, Fedele DA, Grant DM, Suorsa KI, Mullins LL. Factor structure of the parent perception of uncertainty scale in parents of children with cancer. Psychooncology. 2014 Dec;23(12):1435-8. doi: 10.1002/pon.3574

Lakes KD, Vaughan J, Radom-Aizik S, Taylor Lucas C, Stehli A, Cooper D. Development of the Parent Perceptions of Physical Activity Scale (PPPAS): Results from two studies with parents of infants and toddlers. PLoS One. 2019 May 29;14(5):e0213570. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213570.

Mire SS, Tolar TD, Brewton CM, Raff NS, McKee SL. Validating the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire as a Measure of Parent Perceptions of Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2018 May;48(5):1761-1779. doi: 10.1007/s10803-017-3442-4

Austin JK, Shore CP, Dunn DW, Johnson CS, Buelow JM, Perkins SM. Development of the parent response to child illness (PRCI) scale. Epilepsy Behav. 2008 Nov;13(4):662-9. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2008.07.017. Epub 2008 Sep 24. PMID: 18706521

Check on this paper.

As Sustainable Agriculture is a little fuzzy subject, it is good start with an explanation of what your understanding is.

While I believe that Julia Englert 's answer is fully correct, I would make a decisive plea for observing the differences between the concepts of perception and attitude in scientific writings.

The word "perception" is properly used either for the process of identifying objective properties of an entity through the senses or for the result of that process (This does not mean that there are no misperceptions or perceptual illusions). The word "attitude" on the other hand means a subjective stance towards existing things that are either currently perceived or known by the person who has the attitude.

An utterance like "I perceive this person's behaviour as antisocial" always generates the impression that the speaker conveys a fact, even though it is nothing but an opinion. I therefore strongly advocate for avoiding the misleading interchange of "perception" and "attitude", and for consistently correcting people who fail to distinguish between the respective concepts.

Dear Marta,

I found https://www.cognition.run/ very useful for these purposes. It uses jsPsych libraries and is straightforward. It is free, and you do not need to manage the database for collecting your responses.

If you decide to go with this one, you can contact me, and I'll be happy to give you more references and helpful resources.

Best,

Mr. Manoj P K thank you for your advice

Hi Janice Vaz

Its been a while since I as looking at this, but have a look at my Thesis and see if it is any help at all. It may or may not be, but I used a Likert 5 point scale and utilised MiniTab to workout the Cronbach Alpha.

Chapter 4: Methodology - Starts page 95

Chapter 5: Results - Starts page 108

Statistical Analysis - Starts page 111

Hope this is of some help.

Best Regards

Martin