Pediatrics - Science topic

Resumo Introdução: Pacientes pediátricos com doença renal crônica (DRC) evoluem com distúrbios minerais e ósseos (DMO). Não dispomos de dados brasileiros que avaliem esses desfechos; que podem ser obtidos por meio de registros epidemiológicos. Objetivo: Apresentar o projeto DOMINÓ, cuja proposta é descrever as características da DMO-DRC em paciente...

These monthly bulletins aim to provide clear and accessible information in the field of health education. And it is with great pleasure that we begin a new series of newsletters focused on pediatric otoneurology.

© Kushagra Agrawal (2025)

Cross-sectional cardiac imaging plays an essential role in the evaluation of pediatric patients with congenital and acquired heart disease. While the focus of cardiac imaging is primarily on evaluating cardiac structures, it also provides valuable insights into extracardiac structures and associated abnormalities. The radiologists and cardiologists...

Neuroblastoma, is a highly heterogeneous pediatric tumour and is responsible for 15% of pediatric cancer-related deaths. The clinical outcomes can vary from spontaneous regression to high metastatic disease. This extracranial tumour arises from a neural crest-derived cell and can harbor different phenotypes. Its heterogeneity may result from variat...

Transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) is an increasingly recognized complication in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Given the rarity of prospective pediatric studies on TA-TMA, this study aimed to evaluate the incidence, survival outcomes, and risk factors for predicting early the development of TA-TMA in a pediatric p...

Background The presented study identified the appropriate ocrelizumab dosing regimen for patients with pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS). Methods Patients with POMS aged 10–17 years were enrolled into cohort 1 (body weight [BW] < 40 kg, ocrelizumab 300 mg) and cohort 2 (BW ≥ 40 kg, ocrelizumab 600 mg) during a 24-week dose-exploration peri...

COVID‐19 infection may predispose patients to long‐term renovascular complications. Early recognition and management are crucial for optimal outcomes. This case report underscores the importance of thorough follow‐up care for children recovering from COVID‐19, with a focus on monitoring blood pressure and renal function to mitigate long‐term renova...

Identifying and managing pediatric sepsis is a major research focus, yet early detection and risk assessment remain challenging. In its early stages, sepsis symptoms often mimic those of mild infections or chronic conditions, complicating timely diagnosis. Although various early warning scores exist, their effectiveness is limited, particularly in...

A vacinação na pediatria é um tema de extrema importância para a saúde das crianças, pois as vacinas têm sido fundamentais na prevenção de doenças graves na infância. Este trabalho tem como objetivo revisar os avanços recentes em vacinas pediátricas, os desafios enfrentados na implementação de programas de vacinação e o impacto dos movimentos antiv...

Évente világszerte több millió gyermeket altatnak különböző sebészeti vagy diagnosztikus beavatkozások miatt szükségessé váló általános érzéstelenítés kapcsán. Magyarországon ez a szám évente körülbelül 20–30 ezer gyermek, akiket gyermeksebészeti központokban kezelnek, további 5–10 ezer gyermek ellátása pedig felnőtt gégészeti osztályokon történik....

Background: Intracranial choroid plexus tumors (CPT) are rare and primarily affect young children. Leptomeningeal dissemination (LMD) has been reported not only in high-grade choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) but also in lower histological grades; however, a systematic evaluation of CPT-specific imaging characteristics remains lacking. Methods: We ana...

Less than 20 cases of primary hepatic rhabdomyosarcoma have been reported in literature. The authors present this occurrence in a neonate with paravertebral and peritoneal disease. Histopathology was the solution to authors’ diagnostic dilemma. Multimodality management is the solution for rare cases where specific guidelines are not yet defined. Th...

VTRNA2-1 is a polymorphically imprinted locus. The proportion of individuals with a maternally imprinted VTRNA2-1 locus is consistently approximately 75% in populations of European origin, with the remaining circa 25% having a non-methylated VTRNA2-1 locus. Recently, VTRNA2-1 hypermethylation at birth was suggested to be a precursor of paediatric a...

Bronchial atresia (BA) and azygos lobe (AL) are rare congenital pulmonary abnormalities in pediatric patients. We herein report an infantile case of BA combined with AL that was treated with thoracoscopic surgery. The patient was an 8‐month‐old boy who was preoperatively diagnosed with BA of the right upper lobe (RUL) combined with an AL using feta...

Background: Hydrocephalus is the most common neurosurgical presentation among pediatric patients in our center. The specificity of children with this condition justifies special care by a team comprising of pediatric neurosurgeons, anesthesiologist and nurses. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt is the surgical treatment we offer these patients, as facili...

Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common pediatric benign vascular tumor. Its pathogenesis is still poorly understood, and it usually appears during the first few weeks of life and follows a characteristic natural course of proliferation and involution. Most IHs are small, benign, resolve spontaneously, and do not require active treatment but o...

The aim of this study is to design a mobile application that can assist in handling stunting in Panjer Village, Bali. Stunting is a condition where a child cannot grow to their optimal height according to the height of a child of their age. In this digital era, education can be conducted through various platforms, such as applications that are now...

Ao se discorrer sobre a formação e formatação da nossa sociedade, o uso crescente de dispositivos eletrônicos com telas, como smartphones, tablets e computadores, tem se tornado cada vez mais comum na vida das crianças. Embora a tecnologia ofereça inúmeros benefícios, o uso prolongado dessas telas pode ter consequências negativas para a saúde ocula...

El osteocondroma es el tumor óseo benigno más frecuente, aunque su localización en el astrágalo es extremadamente rara. Este tipo de lesión se caracteriza por un crecimiento anormal de hueso cubierto por una capa de cartílago hialino, que surge en la superficie del hueso. Al ser una patología rara, el objetivo principal es reportar dos casos tratad...

Zusammenfassung Eisenmangel ist die häufigste Ursache für Anämien im Kindesalter, jedoch können auch zahlreiche andere Pathologien zugrunde liegen. Eine systematische Differenzierung der Ätiologien ist daher von zentraler Bedeutung, um eine präzise Diagnostik zu ermöglichen und eine effektive Therapie zu gewährleisten. Die initiale Klassifikation e...

Background Solid lung lesions are common in clinical practice, and percutaneous thermal ablation has been shown to be an effective treatment for these lesions. While computed tomography (CT)-guided microwave ablation (MWA) therapy is frequently used for adult solid lesions, it is rarely considered for pediatric cases. Case presentation A case of a...

Rare pediatric diseases often present significant diagnostic challenges due to their atypical manifestations and lack of familiarity among healthcare providers. Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers transformative potential in bridging diagnostic gaps, particularly in resource-limited settings. This review highlights the role of AI in identifying rar...

A scientific presentation that will be presented in our annual meeting on January 27th

Introduction Mobilization protocols are safe and feasible for critically ill pediatric patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), but barriers exist to sustainability. This study described a focused early mobility protocol, sustained over 5 years, which is on time for therapy consults and patient mobilization at a single institution. Methods A for...

Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an emerging respiratory pathogen responsible for a significant burden of respiratory tract infections worldwide. In India, hMPV has been increasingly recognized as a major contributor to pediatric and adult respiratory illnesses. This paper explores the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, an...

Rhabdomyoma is a rare benign tumor of striated muscle, which can be either cardiac or extracardiac. Extracardiac rhabdomyomas can occur throughout the body, though the fetal and adult subtypes are most commonly found in the head and neck region. We present three pediatric cases of extracardiac rhabdomyoma, fetal subtype, detailing their clinical pr...

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um referencial teórico sobre a atuação do enfermeiro no acompanhamento de doenças oncológicas, com ênfase na pediatria, utilizando a patologia digital. Neste contexto, o tratamento, o prognóstico e os cuidados relacionados ao câncer enfrentam desafios, uma vez que, as mutações celulares e as variações genéti...

Narcolepsy is a sleep-wake disorder with an onset commonly seen in individuals aged 10–30 years. Due to various reasons, the diagnosis of narcolepsy often experiences a delay of at least ten years. Diagnosing narcolepsy in children is particularly challenging due to atypical symptoms, leading to frequent misdiagnosis or missed diagnoses. We report...

Objective The present study aims to explore the initial dosage optimization of sertraline in pediatric major depressive disorder (MDD) patients based on model-informed precision dosing (MIPD). Methods A total of 111 pediatric MDD patients treated with sertraline were included for analysis using MIPD. Sertraline concentration levels, physiological...

We describe a case of profound coagulopathy during orthotopic heart transplantation in a cyanotic single ventricle pediatric patient with an intracorporeal continuous flow ventricular assist device performed on bivalirudin for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. This was successfully managed with central veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenat...

Purpose of Review This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the nonoperative management of Gartland Type II fractures in pediatric patients. Recent Findings Supracondylar humeral fractures (SCF) are one of the most common traumatic fractures in pediatric populations, characterized as transverse fractures at the distal humerus between...

Background: Poor glycemic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children leads to a higher risk of diabetic complications. In the pediatric department at the North Denmark Regional Hospital, only one-third of all children with diabetes were well-regulated, defined as HbA1c no more than 58 mmol/mol (7.5%), in 2016. Therefore, a novel follow-up model w...

Background Pilonidal sinus disease uncommon in pre-pubertal children. The preferred treatment for pediatric pilonidal sinus patients remains unclear. A growing body of evidence indicates that pediatric pilonidal sinus disease recurs earlier than in adults. We therefore aimed to investigate recurrence rates and the recurrence rates of different surg...

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of leuprolide acetate extended-release microspheres for injection in children with pediatric precocious puberty. Methods: A total of 110 cases of pediatric precocious puberty admitted between January 2019 and December 2021 were selected and randomized into two groups using a random num...

We investigate the utility of microbial cell‐free DNA (mcfDNA) from the blood to predict surgical culture results. In this study, only 26.9% of patients had mcfDNA results that were considered predictive of the causative organism(s). There was a significant burden of contamination in the cohort, emphasizing that dedicated protocols must be followed...

This project was initiated in a large pediatric intensive care unit to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). Implementing removal of diapers and a urine collection device that prevented urine backflow in March 2021 decreased the rate from 3.3 to 0.9 CAUTIs/1000 catheter-days. These interventions could augment CAUTI preventio...

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of secukinumab in pediatric patients with generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP). Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted from July 2021 to July 2024, including 10 children with GPP. Patients were divided into two age groups: children aged 0–3 years received 75 mg of secukinuma...

Sepsis remains a leading cause of mortality in children worldwide, with its management posing unique challenges due to its complex pathophysiology and rapid progression. Recent advancements in biomarkers and bedside monitoring technologies are transforming the early detection and management of pediatric sepsis. This review highlights key innovation...

Cardiac lipomas are primary benign tumors of the heart, consisting mainly of fat cells and the capsule surrounding them. They are rare, usually detected incidentally, and are mostly asymptomatic or may cause symptoms depending on their location. In this case, we planned to present a 13-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with cardiac lipoma, ha...

La toma de decisiones clínicas durante la atención de salud a niños y recién nacidos tiene características particulares, que la distinguen respecto a cómo ocurre durante la atención a pacientes adultos, sin embargo, no ha sido abordada con la misma profundidad que en estos últimos. El objetivo de este trabajo es sintetizar el conocimiento sobre las...

Approach to Raised ICP and Management

Objetivo: Investigar na literatura o que existe publicado com relação à Classificação de Risco (CR) realizada nos setores de Pronto Atendimento (PA) e Serviços de Urgência e Emergência (SUE), utilizando cores. Método: Foi realizada uma Revisão Integrativa utilizando os seguintes descritores: Enfermagem, Triagem, Emergência no Brasil, Acolhimento co...

Autoimmune enteropathy (AIE) is a rare cause of chronic intractable diarrhea. We report the case of a 2-month-old infant who presented with intractable diarrhea and significant weight loss. Once clinical stability was achieved, endoscopy allowed AIE to be diagnosed. Ultrasound studies (US) correlated clinical and laboratory findings with the gastro...

Endoscopic surgery for the treatment of craniosynostosis represents a critical component of the pediatric neurosurgical/craniofacial armamentarium. As compared to open procedures, such operations are typically performed at younger age and require postoperative adjuvant(s) (e.g., helmets). The cosmetic and safety aspects of this operation are now fi...

Background/Objectives: Open-source artificial intelligence models (OSAIMs), such as BiomedCLIP, hold great potential for medical image analysis. While OSAIMs are increasingly utilized for general image interpretation, their adaptation for specialized medical tasks, such as evaluating scoliosis on posturographic X-ray images, is still developing. Th...

Wprowadzenie: Długi COVID jest powikłaniem choroby koronawirusowej. Jako nowy stan medyczny, stwarzający zagrożenie w ustaleniu spójnych zasad klasyfikacji, diagnozy i leczenia. Cel: Celem artykułu jest przegląd aktualnej wiedzy na temat nowego tematu znanego jako długiego COVID u dzieci. Materiały i metody: Przegląd dodatkowych prac w latach 2020–...

Background/Objectives: The objective of the current research is to assess the benefits that come with antegrade ureteral stenting coupled with imaging techniques in children and also provide a new classification based on the ureter’s morphological elements. Methods: Between 2011 and 2024, 107 antegrade stent placement procedures performed in 71 ped...

Uma abordagem eficaz ao paciente pediátrico com trauma torácico é crucial para garantir uma gestão adequada das lesões cardíacas e vasculares o tratamento e manejo é emergencial. O trauma torácico pode resultar em uma variedade de lesões, desde fraturas de costelas até lacerações pulmonares e contusões cardíacas, exigindo uma avaliação rápida e pre...

A 5-month-old male patient presented with obstructive hydrocephalus caused by pineal cyst apoplexy. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery was performed for hydrocephalus treatment. During follow-up, spontaneous shrinkage of the cyst was observed. At 24 months of follow-up, no complications were reported. Pediatric cases of pineal cyst apoplexy are rar...

In the published publication [...]