Paralysis - Science topic

a man was facing a paralysis problem..

he wants some drink or else food not even he ask, because he paralyzed .while he put the smart spectacles he blinks the eyes it will count the sensors and provide the voice message to the servant.

Professor Miguel Nicolelis (2019) has published a free copy of his contributions to BMI (brain-machine interfaces) emphasizing his twenty years of work starting in 1999 and continuing through 2015.* Until 2003, Nicolelis had no competitors, but shortly thereafter Andersen et al. (2003), Schwartz et al. (2004) and Donoghue et al. (2006) joined the field, and tried to eclipse him and his associates [as described in Tehovnik, Waking up in Macaíba, 2017]; they, however, failed to achieve the eclipse, since the information transfer rate of their devices were typically below 1 bit per second at an average of about 0.2 bits/sec, much like what Nicolelis’ devices were transferring (Tehovnik and Chen 2015; Tehovnik et al. 2013). By comparison, the cochlear implant transfers 10 bits/sec (Tehovnik and Chen 2015) and therefore has been commercialized with over 700,000 registered implant recipients worldwide (NIH Statistics 2019).

BMI technology is still largely experimental. Willett, Shenoy et al. (2021) have developed a BMI for patients that transfers up to 5 bits/sec for spontaneously generated writing, but it is unclear whether this high rate is due to the residual movements (Tehovnik et al. 2013) of the hand contralateral to the BMI implant. To date, the most ambitious BMI utilizes a digital bridge between neocortex and the spinal cord below a partial transection to evoke a stepping response that still requires support of the body with crutches; but significantly the BMI portion of the implant in M1 enhances the information transfer rate by a mere 0.5 bits per second, since most of the walking (86% or 3.0 bits/sec of it) is induced by spinal cord stimulation in the absence of the cortical implant (Lorach et al. 2023). Accordingly, BMI falls short of the cochlear implant and thus BMI developers are years away from a marketable device. The pre-mature marketing by Nicolelis at the 2014 FEFA World Cup of his BMI technology (Tehovnik 2017b) should be a warning to Elon Musk (of Neuralink) that biology is not engineering, for if it were a BMI chip would now be in every brain on the planet. See figure that summarizes the information transfer rates for various devices including human language.

Hello,

I am having problems on finding the right statistical test to use, hope you can help me. Essentially, I’m looking at the effect of a drug at reducing multiple sclerosis progression in a EAE mice model. I have two groups (treated and vehicle) and I have neurological scores for each mouse in each group for a period 16 days.

The neurological test are scored on a 5 point scale (0 to 5) where 0= normal and 5= paralysed (similar to a Likert scale), and are conducted daily (for the 16 days). compound is given to the animal daily, and so is the vehicle.

I am comparing the scores for the two groups (between subject design), but I also want to see how the scores change over time (within-subject design) i thought on using the Mixed ANOVA am I correct? However, since the neurological testing is scored as a Likert scale, the data should be non parametric, correct?

What equivalent test can I use on SPSS?

I appreciate your help in advance

Thanks

Does anyone know of a vendor who carries Cricket Paralysis Virus (CrPV)? We want to use it as a positive control virus for the S2 cell line. Thanks for any leads.

Ventricular Fibrillation is to cardiac arrest, as

“Acute Diaphragmatic Spasm“ (ADS) is to respiratory arrest

ADS is herby proposed a terminal respiratory mechanism of sudden death in infants (SIDS), children (SUDC) and adults.

I'm planning to analyze sleep quality using Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire Index (PSQI) score and assessing insomnia severity using Insomnia Severity Index (ISI).

I've seen at least three dozen publications using mean and SD to describe both. The question is: - is it actually possible to describe PSQI and ISI in a population using mean and SD?

For what I mean, lets take example from NIH Stroke Scale for stroke;

NIHSS = 4 means "mild stroke", but it's not only can be interpreted as "alert patient with partial gaze palsy with drifting left arm and left leg" but also "alert patient with limb ataxia and gaze palsy". Does this apply for PSQI and ISI?

Anyone can help?

Example 1: A team with good communication, because of the addition of one person, all members of the whole team no longer stick together.

Example 2: After the famous Chinese dairy company Sanlu encountered the melamine crisis, other Chinese dairy companies were questioned and for this reason, the Chinese dairy industry suffered a long-term blow.

In an organization, individual problems can lead to the paralysis of the entire organization. And sometimes, serious individual failures don't affect the organization.

Therefore,

The recent announcement that a popular culture icon suffered facial paralysis from Ramsay Hunt Syndrome (RHS) has led to speculation that it could be associated with COVID-9 Vaccination.

The first report of the association of RHS with Pfizer mRNA vaccine was published by researchers in Hong Kong in 2021.

2 days after his first dose of Pfizer a young man had fever and pain in his right ear. Investigators found Vesicles in his right ear and canal, and he subsequently suffered Vertigo, Tinnitus and Loss of Hearing, Facial Palsy, Tongue Numbness and Dysgeusia.

Thousands of cases of Herpes have been lodged with COVID-19 Adverse Reaction notification schemes in many countries and it has been reported after receipt of Adenovirus vector vaccines as well as those delivering mRNA.

There are now many reviews of cases of Herpes after the jabs.

Experts in the field suggest that Varicella Zoster Virus-specific CD8 cells may be temporarily incapable of controlling the Herpes after the massive shift of naive CD8+ cells in response to the inflammatory impact of the vaccines.

When investigating the full range of symptoms of each individual report, perhaps Herpes has not been adequately tested for in the jab > Herpes activation > Multiple Organ Damage Cascade?

Are other dormant viruses activated by vaccine-related immunomodulation, e.g. Hepatitis?

What types of plant medicines are useful for Paralysis?

A top-down approach such as using task-specific interventions.

A bottom-up approach, using weight bearing, PNF, and NDT techniques

we are currently working on the anthelmintic activity of plant extracts and have discovered that most studies are identifying the time of death and paralysis however we are trying to identify worm mortality. which measurement is better to be used in studying anthelmintic activity

30/F otherwise healthy had right sided complete 3rd nerve palsy. MRI/MRA revealed meningioma at cavernous sinus region compressing ICA? Vision is intact. Other cranial nerves were intact.

I have talked to a coupled of people from my institution and it seems there is no consensus on when a zebrafish embryo/larvae is called dead. Some people say it is when they cannot see any heart beat anymore, some people say it is when there is no touch and startle response anymore.

Of note: I am exposing the zebrafish embryos/larvae to toxins which have been associated with paralysis which excludes the startle and touch response in this case. Would you just use the heart beat in this case?

Are there any additional parameters by which death is judged or would you recommend a combination of parameters?

For MMSE (Mini Mental State Exam), illiterate people are unable to answer questions requiring them to read and follow instructions, such as the question asking them to follow instructions to close their eyes. Individuals who are paralysed are also unable to complete the tasks of taking the paper in their right hand, folding it in half and putting it on the floor. For such cases, how should we interpret their results? Should those items be excluded entirely (i.e their score is upon 29 instead of 30) and be scaled to be upon 30?

I hava a 25 y.o. patient with bilateral lower limb palsy, 2 years post intensive care hospitalisation due to sever toxic shock (the exact reason is unknown). He presented pes equinus on the left, that was once treated with gastroc recession with early recurrance. He now presents stiff equinus, silverskjold (-) with the sign of motion only from tibialis posterior muscle. The remaining muscles appear to be affected by palsy. Other foot seems to have similar muscle function (only TP), but with foot plantigrade

What treatment can be used? I find it hard to get clear answer in the literature.

1. Achilles tendon lenghtening alone?

2. Achilles tendon lenghtening and wide joint release?

3. Tibiotalar joint arthrodesis with necessary release and Achilles lenghtening?

Any other?

The extraocular and eyelid muscles can become dysfunctional either due to derangement of nerve supply or due to muscle disease itself. So scientifically when a patient presents with dysfunctional muscle in this area our first step should be to find out whether it is due to neuropathy or due to myopathy. But in routine clinical practice it has been observed that most of the ophthalmologists across the world take it fore granted that this is due to nerve problem.

Ref: Shah SIA et al: Concise Ophthalmology Text & Atals. 5th ed. Param B (Pvt.) Ltd. 2018: 26-27

I need to help me with your experience in application of stem cell in spinal cord injury clinically.

Thanks

From the above article I have come to know that during Brain Stroke there are ECG changes in T-wave and QTc interval. Ischemia like ECG changes are seen in Stroke patients, though they don't have any previous heart diseases. I suppose that is just a case but not as supporting for a decision.

Can there be some other way which can be suggested ?

Wide range of dosages of botulinum toxin are used to partially paralyze arm muscles varying from patient to patient in indications arm spasticity, dystonia, tremor etc. Injection guidance and dose recommendations are established for specific indications (e.g. spasticity) backed by evidence from clinical studies. In other indications (e.g. essential, dystonic or parkinson tremor) no such evidence based guidances exist. Treatment approaches are therefore diverse (booster injections, fixed dosages to specified muscles, costumization of muscles and dosages based on visual or technical measurement of tremor severity and type). Still injection technique and injector´s skills play a significant role in maximizing the effect and minimizing side effects of appied dosages. Current rate of therapy discontinuation is reported over 20% after first injections session in tremor (due to several reasons e.g. lack of efficacy, side effects) whereby the starting dose was quite low and increased by follow-up visits to titrate the ideal dose. Muscle volume and physical activity level characteristics of patients additionally complicate the therapeutic decision (e.g. a subject with large muscle muss due to body building would require higher dosages than a patient with average daily activities and "normal muscle mass"). If minimum doses needed for full paralysis of individual muscles in a patient could be modelled by an algorithm based on evidence, it could ease dosing decision. Combined with the knowledge of functional reduction targeted by the dosing scheme could be individualized and efficacy of treatment could be maximized by applying only one injection session. Thereby the tolerability could also be optimized providing lower failure rates after first attempt.

One of my colleague, an old and retired professor, suffers GBS since November 30, 2013. He experienced paralysis at his foot ankle as well as other symptoms of the GBS. The treatment he receives in hospital includes physiotherapy etc.

GBS is a disorder in which the body's immune system attacks part of the peripheral nervous system. See: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/gbs/gbs.htm

According to a site, "today there is no exact treatment available." see: http://www.guillainbarresyndrome.net/tag/cure/. But perhaps there is hope of natural treatment for GBS.

So does anybody know any natural or medical treatment for GBS?

Still glowing in his Nobel Prize, Romer has just said, ‘any choice would be better than continued paralysis.’ (Bloomberg 18 Oct 2018)

He was referring to public investment. In a way, this is Albert Hirschman speaking. Five decades ago, the World Bank rejected Hirschman. Whatever the merits of that position, for five decades we have pretended to know the trajectory of return on investment. Can the world come to say, ‘we do not know‘ and proceed to invest? Cf.:

Individuals with MECP2 duplication syndrome have a wide variety of seizures (e.g., myoclonic, atonic, hypermotor, generalized tonic-clonic). Some also have episodes where muscle tone is lost for prolonged periods (often 10 -30 minutes) with clouded consciousness. Often, the loss of muscle tone only affects the neck so the head hangs limp, but sometimes the whole body seems to be limp as in flaccid paralysis. Have seizures like this been seen in others and have they been investigated? Are these Focal Atonic Seizures?

The "6 P's" of the Peripheral Vascular Assessment are commonly used as a neurological and neurocirculatory assessment. The "6 P's" are: pulselessness, (ischemic) pain, pallor, paresthesia, paralysis or paresis, and poikilothermia or "polar" (cool extremity). Some sources use delete poikilothermia for other "P's."

I have consulted many sources without success. My guess is that it appeared in a medical textbook since I cannot find any journal sources.

Any assistance is greatly appreciated!

Dr. Tom Oertel

Hi guys,

i'm working on a spinal cord injury model. Basicall, I drilled a hole in the left hemisphere of spinal cord. Though this leads to a paralysis of the corresponding parts, many mice died in the first week or two. Does anyone have any ideas about what happened? What did I mess up?

Best,

Ling

I'm looking for any studies of sex workers (ex and current) that detail the content of their nightmares and any experience of sleep paralysis. There's great work by Dr. Melissa Farley on the prevalence of PTSD amongst sex workers but the content of their nightmares is never detailed in any of the studies I've read, apart from a few. The sleep paralysis incidences are there but, again, the details are not as deep as separate studies regarding sleep paralysis.

I have realized that some of my rabbits which are suckling young ones get paralyzed, whiles the young ones remain healthy. I have observed this on three occasions, and i am getting worried. Any possible causes and prevention? Thank you.

PubPeer:                                                                                    May 29, 2017

Unregistered Submission:

(May 25th, 2017 2:46 am UTC)

In this review the authors attempted to estimate the information generated by neural signals used in different Brain Machine Interface (BMI) studies to compare performances. It seems that the authors have neglected critical assumptions of the estimation technique they used, a mistake that, if confirmed, completely invalidates the results of the main point of their article, compromising their conclusions.

Figure 1 legend states that the bits per trial from 26 BMI studies were estimated using Wolpaw’s information transfer rate method (ITR), an approximation of Shannon’s full mutual information channel theory, with the following expression:

Bits/trial = log2N + P log2P + (1-P) log2[(1-P)/(N-1)]

where N is the number of possible choices (the number of targets in a center-out task as used by the authors) and P is the probability that the desired choice will be selected (used as percent of correct trials by the authors). The estimated bits per trial and bits per second of the 26 studies are shown in Table 1 and represented as histograms in Figure 1C and 1D respectively.

Wolpaw’s approximation used by the authors is valid only if several strict assumptions are true: i) BMI are memoryless and stable discrete transmission channels, ii) all the output commands are equally likely to be selected, iii) P is the same for all choices, and the error is equally distributed among all remaining choices (Wolpaw et al., 1998, Yuan et al, 2013; Thompson et al., 2014). The violation of the assumptions of Wolpaw’s approximation leads to incorrect ITR estimations (Yuan et al, 2013). Because BMI systems typically do not fulfill several of these assumptions, particularly those of uniform selection probability and uniform classification error distribution, researchers are encouraged to be careful in reporting ITR, especially when they are using ITR for comparisons between different BMI systems (Thompson et al. 2014). Yet, Tehovnik et al. 2013 failed in reporting whether the assumptions for Wolpaw’s approximation were true or not for the 26 studies they used. Such omission invalidates their estimations. Additionally, the inspection of the original studies reveals the authors failed at the fundamental aspect of understanding and interpreting the tasks used in some of them. This failure led to incorrect input values for their estimations in at least 2 studies.

The validity of the estimated bits/trial and bits/second presented in Figure 1 and Table 1 is crucial to the credibility of the main conclusions of the review. If these estimations are incorrect, as they seem to be, it would invalidate the main claim of the review, which is the low performance of BMI systems. It will also raise doubts on the remaining points argued by the authors, making their claims substantially weaker. Another review published by the same group (Tehovnik and Chen 2015), which used the estimations from the current one, would be also compromised in its conclusions. In summary, for this review to be considered, the authors must include the ways in which the analyzed BMI studies violate or not the ITR assumptions.

References

Tehovnik EJ, Woods LC, Slocum WM (2013) Transfer of information by BMI. Neuroscience 255:134–46.

Shannon C E and Weaver W (1964) The Mathematical Theory of Communication (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press).

Wolpaw J R, Ramoser H, McFarland DJ, Pfurtscheller G (1998) EEG-based communication: improved accuracy by response verification IEEE Trans. Rehabil. Eng. 6:326–33.

Thompson DE, Quitadamo LR, Mainardi L, Laghari KU, Gao S, Kindermans PJ, Simeral JD, Fazel-Rezai R, Matteucci M, Falk TH, Bianchi L, Chestek CA, Huggins JE (2014) Performance measurement for brain-computer or brain-machine interfaces: a tutorial. J. Neural Eng. 11(3):035001.

Yuan P, Gao X, Allison B, Wang Y, Bin G, Gao S (2013) A study of the existing problems of estimating the information transfer rate in online brain–computer interfaces.  J. Neural Eng. 10:026014.

using this as a starting point: http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00469/full 

useful details: 5 year old that had a Hemispherectomy... paralysed on the right side. Thinking about trying Motor Imagery. Any thoughts or tips on how or if this would work? 

Does anyone have experience with SaeboFlex in neurological hand treatment?

Fig. 14-4 on page 268 of the current edition of Adams and Victors textbook “Principles of Neurology” states " A lesion at the level of the oculomotor nucleus results in homolateral third-nerve paralysis and homolateral anesthesia of the cornea”.

Is this an error and if not, what structures are located in that area that could cause homolateral corneal anesthesia?

In the current DSM standard, the definition of the hysteria is disappear.

However, the hysteria of the physical symptom exists. ( at me )

How should I deal by this problem?

For example, can I use a word of " hysteria " in a thesis? As physical symptom.

When there is an abnormality in Limbic system , I suppose that an Attachment Disorder comes out. As a step of the front of it, the physical hysteria symptom of the dissociative obstacle develops as unconscious physical expression of Attachment emotion.