Parallel - Science topic

Classroom grading reform and students’ whole child development are two important and timely topics in today’s schools. In this article, the authors draw parallels between CASEL’s five core competencies of social and emotional learning and the guiding principles of standards-based grading (SBG). This article helps educators understand SEL competenci...

In this paper, a generalized method for error modeling of the spatial 1T2R three degrees of freedom (DOFs) kinematically redundant parallel mechanism with a closed-loop chain is proposed, which is based on the matrix differential method. Firstly, the detailed process of generalized error modeling and error analysis are described. Based on the propo...

African conceptions of reality have been judged by some African scholars to be starkly different from the mainstream and dominant substance metaphysics that operates in the Euro-American philosophic tradition. These scholars stress relationality and becoming with the understanding that reality is a web of interconnected activities. In addition, som...

The deployment of innovation-driven strategy has raised the requirements for the innovation ability of the whole society in China. Each province has made full use of its own superior resources to enhance the level of regional innovation and development. This study analyzed the innovation efficiency in the R&D efficiency stage and the transformation...

The fifth postulate of Euclid

Mode division multiplexing (MDM) has garnered significant attention for its potential to enhance communication capacity. In this paper, we present for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a 3D-integrated parallel multimode transmitter, featuring two multimode fibers, with both TE0 and TE1 modes transmitted for data multiplexing. Each chann...

Objective:To test the validity and reliability of the short-form of the University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale（ULS-8） among middle school students, and analyze the item wording effect and measurement invariance across gender and time.Methods:Totally 3600 middle school students were investigated with the ULS-8,Self-Esteem Scale（SES） a...

Partial-order plans in AI planning facilitate execution flexibility and several other tasks, such as plan reuse, modification, and decomposition, due to their less constrained nature. A Partial-Order Plan (POP) specifies partial-order over actions, providing the flexibility of executing unordered actions in different sequences. This flexibility can...

In this article, Reliability analysis of a three-unit identical system is discussed. The units of system may affect by two types of failures namely, Lethal Common Cause Shock (LCCS) and Non-Lethal Common Cause Shock (NCCS) failures. Using stochastic process, the set of differential equations of the current model are derived to obtain reliability me...

Using a multi-accented corpus of parallel utterances for use with commercial speech devices, we present a case study to show that it is possible to quantify a degree of confidence about a source speaker's identity in the case of one-to-one voice conversion. Following voice conversion using a HiFi-GAN vocoder, we compare information leakage for a ra...

Time spectral methods approximate the solution of a differential equation by a combination of certain basis functions (e.g.polynomials), which is a natural companion of spectral discretization in space. It produces highly accurate numerical results in time, but all the combination coefficients must be computed in one-shot by solving an all-at-once...

To make deep neural networks automatically achieve the same or better performance compared with those in hand-optimized libraries, Tensor Virtual Machine (TVM) has combined a genetic algorithm (GA) with its AutoTVM auto-tuning process. The genetic algorithm of TVM has a primary and classic design, with restrictions in terms of searching scope, abil...

The goal of this research is to introduce and investigate a new class of weighted multiset machines that consume input as multisets and produce output as multisets. The first step is to propose the notion of a Mealy-type weighted multiset machine, and characterize them with their input–output multisets. In particular, we introduce the notions of to...

We propose MR. Video, an agentic long video understanding framework that demonstrates the simple yet effective MapReduce principle for processing long videos: (1) Map: independently and densely perceiving short video clips, and (2) Reduce: jointly aggregating information from all clips. Compared with sequence-to-sequence vision-language models (VLM...

This paper presents a systematic method for synthesizing a Control Barrier Function (CBF) that encodes predictive information into a CBF. Unlike other methods, the synthesized CBF can account for changes and time-variations in the constraints even when constructed for time-invariant constraints. This avoids recomputing the CBF when the constraint s...

Resistance element welding is performed using AZ31B magnesium alloy (MA) as the upper plate and A6061 aluminum alloy (AA) as the lower plate. Rivets with leg diameters of 4, 6, 8, and 10 mm are utilized as the element. The impact of welding current (WC) and welding time (WT) on the tensile shear load (TSL) of the joint is investigated, in addition...

This paper presents a novel distributed model predictive control (MPC) formulation without terminal cost and a corresponding distributed synthesis approach for distributed linear discrete-time systems with coupled constraints. The proposed control scheme introduces an explicit stability condition as an additional constraint based on relaxed dynamic...

Derandomization is one of the classic topics studied in the theory of parallel computations, dating back to the early 1980s. Despite much work, all known techniques lead to deterministic algorithms that are not work-efficient. For instance, for the well-studied problem of maximal independent set -- e.g., [Karp, Wigderson STOC'84; Luby STOC' 85; Lub...

Spallation is a type of rock failure observed on the walls of underground excavations, which manifests itself by the ejection of surface parallel rock slabs. The mechanism of spallation involves a recurrent process of extensive crack growth from pre-existing defects in rocks under compression, creating surface parallel fractures that subsequently b...

Quantum computing has become a breakthrough in many different research and applied areas. As various authors have demonstrated, the quantum properties have made some computational processes parallel and impossible to compute or even simulate for classical computers. An area that has been significantly impacted is machine learning. For instance, not...

Detergents are essential molecular tools for membrane protein (MP) research, yet traditional detergents with static properties often fail to address the diverse and evolving needs of MP studies. To this end, this study introduces “living detergents”, an innovative class of detergents equipped with functional tags that enable bioorthogonal modificat...

In this study, we evaluate the forecasting effectiveness of the classical ARIMA model and the deep learning-based LSTM model in the financial domain. An investment portfolio comprising equal shares of gold, the S&P 500, and 2-year U.S, is constructed to predict future trends, thereby accounting for market factors and risk-free interest rates. Vario...

The article is devoted to the problematic aspects and main trends of the pilgrimage activities of the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society (IOPS) in 1905–1914. The relevance of the study is due to the modern transformation of international relations and the intensification of the confrontation between Russia and the collective West, which dictates t...

Measuring clock skew of devices over a network fully relies on the offsets, the differences between sending and receiving times. Offsets that shape a thick line are the most ideal one as their slope is directly the clock skew sought. When some outliers separate from the thick line due to higher delay jitter, current advanced approaches use the lowe...

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models enhance neural network scalability by dynamically selecting relevant experts per input token, enabling larger model sizes while maintaining manageable computation costs. However, efficient training of large-scale MoE models across thousands of GPUs presents significant challenges due to limitations in existing parall...

Ma and Huang recently proved that the PFC construction, introduced by Metger, Poremba, Sinha and Yuen [MPSY24], gives an adaptive-secure pseudorandom unitary family PRU. Their proof developed a new path recording technique [MH24]. In this work, we show that a linear number of sequential repetitions of the parallel Kac's Walk, introduced by Lu, Qin,...

We present LACE, a hybrid Human-AI co-creative system integrated into Adobe Photoshop supporting turn-taking and parallel interaction modes for iterative image generation. Through a study with 21 participants across representational, abstract, and design tasks, we found turn-taking preferred in early stages for idea generation, and parallel modes s...

This text proposes a comparative analysis between the "Universe 25" experiment by John B. Calhoun and aspects of contemporary Western society. Through symbolic and conceptual parallels, we investigate how factors such as intense urbanization, hyperconnectivity, material abundance, and transformations in social roles have impacted human behavior, so...

We propose a novel retinal vessel segmentation network, the Weighted Multi-Kernel Attention Network (WMKA-Net), which aims to address the issues of insufficient multiscale feature capture, loss of contextual information, and noise sensitivity in retinal vessel segmentation. WMKA-Net significantly improves the segmentation performance of small vesse...

Vietnam is in the period of Industrialization-Modernization and is in a period of international economic integration. Parallel to that process is the continuous socioeconomic development, the advancement of science and technology, and the people's lives are increasingly improved. That process has created opportunities for our country. great opportu...

Building upon prior work this paper examines the business cycle from the perspective of the economy’s ability to process information. Specifically, the ratio of information to be processed divided by the economy’s capacity to process that information (R/C) is empirically derived and studied. This ratio undergoes an intuitive evolution over business...

Передумови . У статті досліджено ефективність роботи web-застосунку, розгорнутого у хмарних сервісах Amazon веб сервіс (AWS) із використанням контейнеризації на базі AWS сервісу еластичних контейнерів (ECS) та AWS еластичного сервісу Kubernetes (EKS). Особливу увагу приділено аналізу продуктивності системи в умовах високого навантаження, характерно...

Acrobatic gymnastics demands inter-partner coordination during partner-assisted flights. This work aims to investigate (1) the effect of pair experience on inter-partner coordination and (2) on its variability and(3) the association between the flight phase and coordination modes during a pair task. Twelve pairs ofacrobatic gymnasts performed 10 ve...

This paper proposes a parallel direct solution of flexible multibody systems based on block Gaussian elimination. The Craig–Bampton method is utilized to model flexible bodies within the multibody system, resulting in a reduction in the size of the system equations. To address the time integration problem, an implicit stiff scheme is adopted to obt...

Created problems and challenges can serve as a defense mechanism against random, larger-scale adversities introduced by life or the universe. It suggests a counterintuitive relationship between voluntary engagement in stress and the frequency of unexpected misfortunes. This paper explores the theory with logical reasoning, real-life parallels, and...

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has reshaped machine translation (MT), but multilingual MT still relies heavily on parallel data for supervised fine-tuning (SFT), facing challenges like data scarcity for low-resource languages and catastrophic forgetting. To address these issues, we propose TRANS-ZERO, a self-play framework that leverages...

Since Diltay drew a line between understanding and explanation which led to the distinction between human sciences and natural sciences, understanding was afflicted by a relative tendency in the field of human sciences. Diltay was well-aware of this shortcoming; however his efforts and approaches were not applied. Gadamer attempted to confine menta...

Due to the increasing availability of new energy sources, the adaptability of traditional fault analysis and calculation methods has declined when applied to distribution networks. The reason is that the traditional ideal voltage source model cannot accurately reflect the impact of new energy from the main grid side on distribution networks. Moreov...

Le présent Policy Brief analyse la portée stratégique de la réaffirmation, le 8 avril 2025, du soutien américain à la souveraineté du Maroc sur son Sahara et à son plan d'autonomie. Ce positionnement, maintenu sous différentes Administrations américaines, consacre la pertinence de l'approche marocaine fondée sur le compromis, la stabilité régionale...

Research has advocated for the use of incorrect worked examples targeting specific conceptual barriers to enhance learning. From the perspective of cognitive load theory, we examined the relationship between instructional efficiency (correct and incorrect worked examples [CICWEs] vs. worked examples [WEs] vs. problem-solving [PS]), levels of expert...

As organizations embrace digital transformation, concurrency-the ability of a system to handle multiple users and tasks simultaneously-has emerged as a critical performance metric, especially in high-demand sectors like finance, healthcare, logistics, and e-commerce. While low-code development platforms have revolutionized how applications are buil...

On-device learning enables edge devices to continuously adapt to new data for AI applications. Leveraging sparsity to eliminate redundant computation and storage usage during training is a key approach to improving the learning efficiency of edge deep neural network(DNN). However, due to the lack of assumptions about non-zero positions, expensive r...

This paper address two related topics regarding reasons, rational guidance, and epistemic capacities. First, the paper draws a parallel between the publicity condition on the rule of law and legal normativity, and an internal guidance constraint on genuine epistemic reasons and justification: just as the rule of law requires that laws must be avail...

We report a non-contact mechanism for directional injection of magnons in magnetic films when driven by a spin accumulation µs of electrons of a nearby metallic layer, governed by the long-range dipolar coupling between magnons and electron spins, which spontaneously generates a magnon current Jm flowing in the film plane. Crucially, in such near-f...

Natural flocks need to cope with various forms of heterogeneities, for instance, their composition, motility, interaction, or environmental factors. Here, we study the effects of such heterogeneities on the flocking dynamics of the reciprocal two-species Vicsek model [Phys. Rev. E 107, 024607 (2023)], which comprises two groups of self-propelled ag...

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for enhancing reasoning capabilities in large language models, but faces a fundamental asymmetry in computation and memory requirements: inference is embarrassingly parallel with a minimal memory footprint, while policy updates require extensive synchronization and are memory-intensive....

Medical biosensors have set the basis of medical diagnostics, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) has boosted diagnostics to a great extent. However, false results are evident in every method, so it is crucial to identify the reasons behind a possible false result in order to control its occurrence. This is the first critical state-of-the-art review a...

We propose a method for visualizing uncertain set systems, which differs from previous set visualization approaches that are based on certainty (an element either belongs to a set or not). Our method is inspired by storyline visualizations and parallel coordinate plots: (a) each element is represented by a vertical glyph, subdivided into bins that...

In many cryptographic tasks, we encounter scenarios where information about two incompatible observables must be retrieved. A natural approach is to perform consecutive measurements, raising a key question: How does the information gained from the first measurement compare to that from both? The consecutive measurement theorem provides a general re...

This study presents an NNTile framework for training large deep neural networks in heterogeneous clusters. The NNTile is based on a StarPU library, which implements task-based parallelism and schedules all provided tasks onto all available processing units (CPUs and GPUs). It means that a particular operation, necessary to train a large neural netw...

This paper proposes the "Academy of Athens" multi-agent seven-layer framework, aimed at systematically addressing challenges in multi-agent systems (MAS) within artificial intelligence (AI) art creation, such as collaboration efficiency, role allocation, environmental adaptation, and task parallelism. The framework divides MAS into seven layers: mu...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is widely used in the banking system and plays an effective role not only in supporting the speed and accuracy of financial transactions, but also in making managerial decisions. By applying AI, banks manage to reduce operating costs, introduce advanced digital technologies, improve financial and economic indicators, an...

Stochastic Primal-Dual Hybrid Gradient (SPDHG) is an algorithm proposed by Chambolle et al. (SIAM J Optim 28:2783–2808) to efficiently solve a wide class of nonsmooth large-scale optimization problems. Alacaoglu et al. (SIAM J Optim 32:1288–1318, 2022) filled an important gap and proved its almost sure convergence for serial sampling. In this paper...

Efficient communication in brain networks is foundational for cognitive function and behavior. However, how communication efficiency is defined depends on the assumed model of signaling dynamics, e.g., shortest path signaling, random walker navigation, broadcasting, and diffusive processes. Thus, a general and model-agnostic framework for character...

Can formal logic make pure chance intelligible? This paper examines how pure chance, understood as what lies beyond probability and determination, both disrupts and extends formal reasoning. Drawing on Jean Ladrière, we explore how logic, despite its reliance on determinate structures, must engage with an irreducible indeterminacy that conditions i...

Background/Objectives: HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer continues to have a significant impact on patients’ lives. The HERmione project was conducted in France to identify patients’ needs for support and information, understand services offered, and identify differences in the perception of burden between patients and oncologists. Methods: Be...

Background Acute ischaemic stroke, due to its high mortality and disability rates, imposes a significant economic and social burden worldwide. Typically, endovascular treatment within the therapeutic window is provided to salvage the ischaemic penumbra; however, even when recanalisation is successful during endovascular treatment, the clinical outc...

Existing multilingual long-context benchmarks, often based on the popular needle-in-a-haystack test, primarily evaluate a model's ability to locate specific information buried within irrelevant texts. However, such a retrieval-centric approach is myopic and inherently limited, as successful recall alone does not indicate a model's capacity to reaso...

One-electron two-center overlap integrals over Slater orbitals are evaluated with high accuracy using coaxial parallel coordinate systems. This simplifies the product of spherical harmonics located at two different centers and the angular integration. Only the radial integration is performed using the elliptic coordinate method. The values obtained...

3D garment simulation is a critical component for producing cloth-based graphics. Recent advancements in graph neural networks (GNNs) offer a promising approach for efficient garment simulation. However, GNNs require extensive message-passing to propagate information such as physical forces and maintain contact awareness across the entire garment m...

In this paper, we study special subclasses of theories on the basis of the connection between the amalgamation property and the joint embedding property, as well as between the h-amalgamation property and the joint continuation property. Our results are presented in both the classical first-order logic and positive logic, which exhibit a parallel s...

This paper investigates the magnetic fields produced by a three-coil system, focusing on how different mesh resolutions affect the accuracy of the results. Using both the Poisson solver, as well as a numerical approach based on the solution of fractional integrals, the study examines coils with dimensions of 80 mm by 160 mm and a radius of 15.5 mm,...

In 1910, in Fascicule 1 of Volume V of the Patrologia Orientalis, G. Bayan published an excerpt (the original text and a parallel French translation) from an Armenian synaxarium. The synaxarium, which, according to Bayan, is from the 13th century, includes an account of the siege of Constantinople (717-718 AD). It also mentions the Bulgarians as a...

Since the last century, various territories dedicated to knowledge production have emerged, such as university campuses, Science and Technology Parks, and more recently, innovation districts. Over the past decades, with the growth of the knowledge-based services sector, they have evolved in parallel with different innovation models, incorporating g...

Generation capabilities and language coverage of multilingual large language models (mLLMs) are advancing rapidly. However, evaluation practices for generative abilities of mLLMs are still lacking comprehensiveness, scientific rigor, and consistent adoption across research labs, which undermines their potential to meaningfully guide mLLM developmen...

Fine-tuning plays a crucial role in adapting models to downstream tasks with minimal training efforts. However, the rapidly increasing size of foundation models poses a daunting challenge for accommodating foundation model fine-tuning in most commercial devices, which often have limited memory bandwidth. Techniques like model sharding and tensor pa...

In this note we discuss the numerical solution of the eddy current approximation of the Maxwell equations using the simple Pragmatic Algebraic Model to include hysteresis effects. In addition to the more standard time-stepping approach we propose a space-time finite element method which allows both for parallelization and adaptivity simultaneously...

Safe and efficient path planning in parking scenarios presents a significant challenge due to the presence of cluttered environments filled with static and dynamic obstacles. To address this, we propose a novel and computationally efficient planning strategy that seamlessly integrates the predictions of dynamic obstacles into the planning process,...

It is important to evaluate the internal defects in wooden components for the maintenance of ancient buildings since ancient buildings in China are mainly built with wooden components. Recently, stress waves and x-rays have been used to detect internal defects of wooden components. Nevertheless, these methods usually rely on high-cost devices, whic...

Many real-world applications, such as machine learning and graph analytics, involve combinations of linear and non-linear operations. As these applications increasingly handle sensitive data, there is a significant demand for privacy-preserving computation techniques capable of efficiently supporting both types of operations-a property we define as...

Local simultaneous state discrimination (LSSD) is a recently introduced problem in quantum information processing. Its classical version is a non-local game played by non-communicating players against a referee. Based on a known probability distribution, the referee generates one input for each of the players and keeps one secret value. The players...

The rapid growth of data in various fields, such as healthcare, finance, and social media, has created significant challenges in processing and analyzing large datasets. Traditional data processing techniques often struggle with the scale and complexity of modern datasets, which require more scalable and efficient algorithms. This paper explores th...

When scaling parallel codes to larger machines, performance models help identify potential bottlenecks. Since analytically designing these mathematical representations is usually challenging, empirical models based on performance measurements offer a practical alternative. Yet, measurements on HPC systems are typically affected by noise, leading to...

Objective: Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) is considered as a time efficient training technology particular suitable to increase function, fitness and health-related outcome in people unable or unmotivated to exercise conventionally. WB-EMS is frequently presented as being safe and attractive, however evidence for this description is vagu...

The present study uses three mathematical approaches to analyze the dual-purpose solar collector, making it a novel contribution. Three MATLAB codes (C1, C2, and C3), each with its mathematical model, are developed. The effectiveness- number of transfer unit method is used in C1. The heat removal term is used in C2. In C3, the effectiveness term of...

Gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) is a promising electrolyte for metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells (MS-SOFCs) due to its high ionic conductivity at intermediate temperatures (500-700°C). However, the extremely high sintering and densification temperature required for GDC electrolytes limits their practical application. Low-pressure plasma spraying...

The problem of finding a path between two points while avoiding obstacles is critical in robotic path planning. We focus on the feasibility problem: determining whether such a path exists. We model the robot as a query-specific rectangular object capable of moving parallel to its sides. The obstacles are axis-aligned, rectangular, and may overlap....

This paper introduces ConvShareViT, a novel deep learning architecture that adapts Vision Transformers (ViTs) to the 4f free-space optical system. ConvShareViT replaces linear layers in multi-head self-attention (MHSA) and Multilayer Perceptrons (MLPs) with a depthwise convolutional layer with shared weights across input channels. Through the devel...

In this study, a series of rock cutting tests was conducted using a conical pick to investigate the effect of joints on roadheader performance. Tests were performed on intact rock and jointed rock mass specimens with three different joint spacings. The results indicate that cuttability is enhanced in jointed rock mass compared to intact rock due to...

Random walks are a primary means for extracting information from large-scale graphs. While most real-world graphs are inherently dynamic, state-of-the-art random walk engines failed to efficiently support such a critical use case. This paper takes the initiative to build a general random walk engine for dynamically changing graphs with two key prin...

As the particle count escalates, the computational demands of diverse simulation algorithms surge, paralleled by a marked improvement in accuracy. The question arises whether this heightened precision asymptotically dwindles toward zero or plateaus at a finite constant. To address this, this work introduces an approach that translates infinite syst...

We introduce a fast and scalable method for solving quadratic programs with conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) constraints. While these problems can be formulated as standard quadratic programs, the number of variables and constraints grows linearly with the number of scenarios, making general-purpose solvers impractical for large-scale problems. Our...

By exploiting the rich automorphisms of Reed–Muller (RM) codes, the recently developed automorphism ensemble (AE) successive cancellation (SC) decoder achieves a near-maximum-likelihood (ML) performance for short block lengths. However, the appealing performance of AE-SC decoding arises from the diversity gain that requires a list of SC decoding at...

Audio-visual saliency prediction aims to mimic human visual attention by identifying salient regions in videos through the integration of both visual and auditory information. Although visual-only approaches have significantly advanced, effectively incorporating auditory cues remains challenging due to complex spatio-temporal interactions and high...

The red-degraded [12.7]⁵Δ–X⁵Δ (0–0) band of gas-phase vanadium fluoride at 789 nm has been recorded by laser excitation spectroscopy and represents only the second reported rotational analysis of an electronic transition of VF. A hollow cathode discharge source was employed, with laser-induced fluorescence detected via the [12.7]⁵Δ–X⁵Δ (0–1) band....

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate the ability to simulate human decision-making processes, enabling their use as agents in modeling sophisticated social networks, both offline and online. Recent research has explored collective behavioral patterns and structural characteristics of LLM agents within simulated networks. However, empirical comp...

In this paper, we consider an optimal distributed control problem for a reaction-diffusion-based SIR epidemic model with human behavioural effects. We develop a model wherein non-pharmaceutical intervention methods are implemented, but a portion of the population does not comply with them, and this non-compliance affects the spread of the disease....