Science topic
Papua New Guinea - Science topic
A country consisting of the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and adjacent islands, including New Britain, New Ireland, the Admiralty Islands, and New Hanover in the Bismarck Archipelago; Bougainville and Buka in the northern Solomon Islands; the D'Entrecasteaux and Trobriand Islands; Woodlark (Murua) Island; and the Louisiade Archipelago. It became independent on September 16, 1975. Formerly, the southern part was the Australian Territory of Papua, and the northern part was the UN Trust Territory of New Guinea, administered by Australia. They were administratively merged in 1949 and named Papua and New Guinea, and renamed Papua New Guinea in 1971.
Publications related to Papua New Guinea (10,000)
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Exhumation rates of high-pressure rocks are paramount in determining plate tectonic processes, which requires absolute chronology of metamorphic stages. U-Pb geochronology of zircon and other accessory minerals has proven successful in dating different metamorphic stages, thus constraining geological rates. A common strategy to link U-Pb ages to me...
first record of the Eurasian Tree Sparrow in the North Solomons and status of the species in Melanesia
Although the status of Parascorpaena moultoni (Whitley, 1961) is now well established, the morphology of the species has been re-examined, with new diagnostic features identified. Typically 15 or 16 pectoral-fin rays are present, together with two suborbital ridges, each with a single spine and the origin of the first ridge posterior to the second,...
![Top panel: Pair-wise matrix displaying Jostโs D [28] values generated...](publication/386440073/figure/fig5/AS:11431281295018599@1733393640666/Top-panel-Pair-wise-matrix-displaying-Josts-D-28-values-generated-from-Culex_Q320.jpg)
Background
The mosquito Culex annulirostris Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae) is an important arbovirus vector in Australasia. It is part of the Culex sitiens subgroup that also includes Cx. palpalis and Cx. sitiens. Single locus mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequencing studies suggest that Cx. annulirostris consists of a complex of at least two species....
Urban green spaces provide recreation opportunities that contribute to physical wellbeing, health, and social wellbeing. However, managing green spaces to promote access and use for recreation and at the same time meet the preferences of visitors is often challenging, especially in developing countries. Using Port Moresby Nature Park (PMNP) in Papu...
Unintended adolescent pregnancy is a public health priority in Papua New Guinea (PNG), where national policies specify need for easier access to reliable modern contraceptives. To reduce young peopleโs experiences of unintended pregnancy in PNG, improved understandings of use of modern and other forms of contraception within young peopleโs relation...
Distribution, development, stabilizer, and consumer areas status of livestock development become the objective of this research. Little is known concerning the portrait of livestock production in the neighborhood region of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea such as Keerom Regency in Papua Province. The descriptive method employed was using desk study....
Objective
In Papua New Guinea (PNG), antenatal clinic attendance averaged 50% for one or more visits, and 30% for four visits in the last decade. In 2016, the WHO revised its focused antenatal care (ANC) model recommending eight rather than four visits. If implemented, this new model would require additional resources. This study estimated provider...
Shellfish are natural reservoirs for enteric pathogens and are an important food source for some coastal communities in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Little is known about the food safety of shellfish in PNG. Salmonella spp. and Vibrio cholerae are common enteric pathogens known to cause moderate to severe gastrointestinal illnesses in humans, and there...
This is a true-life story of Topa Mata, a village-based millionaire from Erave in the Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. This book contains his early life, business, family, politics and his views on the country. It chronicles the journey from colonial contact to postcolonialism. A good book to read as you will be inspired by it.
This paper sheds light on the intersection of religion, medicine, and cultural practices in Papua New Guinea, focusing on a case study of an exorcism conducted by a Lutheran doctor from Madagascar. It underscores that the attribution of failure is contextually dependent and fluctuates based on spatial-temporal scales and observer perspectives. By c...
Background:
Outcomes of rheumatic valvularheart diseases are poor in the low-and middle-income countries where there is shortage of lifesaving surgical services. Expert surgical mission trips to these countries with high prevalences of rheumatic valvular heart diseases have provided a once in a lifetime care to this population. This case series an...
Buruli ulcer (BU) disease, a neglected necrotizing tropical skin infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, is the third most common mycobacterial disease after tuberculosis and leprosy. Infections mostly occur in remote, rural areas of Central and West Africa, but also in Australia, Japan and Papua New Guinea. There is currently no vaccine agains...
This article deals with some lesser-known key points of Margaret Mead's unconventional pathways of life and work. She raised many transcultural issues regarding female and male sexes that are still relevant and continue to animate current academic and politicaldebates. Meadโs numerous ethnographic research projects were developed mainly in field st...
Purpose
This paper aims to synthesise the literature addressing opportunities for intervention and peacemaking in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea (PNG). It shows that peacebuilding in PNG is actively practised in a variety of different forms and by a range of actors. It relies heavily on local champions and coalitions working together with โbits...
The 2024 Mid-Year Economic and Fiscal Outlook (MYEFO) report offers a comprehensive assessment of Papua New Guinea's (PNG) current economic performance and fiscal trajectory, focusing on challenges and opportunities faced amid evolving domestic and global conditions. The report underscores the Marape-Rosso Government's vision of economic consolidat...
![Figure 1. A sign explaining the YUS [Yopno-Uruwa-Som] Conservation...](profile/James-Slotta/publication/385858954/figure/fig1/AS:11431281290607906@1731704698318/A-sign-explaining-the-YUS-Yopno-Uruwa-Som-Conservation-Area-Like-the-speech-of_Q320.jpg)
Among language users, it is a commonplace that multilingual speakers switch between languages to make themselves intelligible. Yet, sociolinguistics has had surprisingly little to say about this. This neglect traces back to early efforts to carve out a niche for the field by focusing on contexts where social rather than semantic factors like intell...
Purpose
This paper aims to discuss the scholarship over the past 30 years on what used to be called Melanesian warfare or โtribal fightingโ and is termed in this paper โintergroup conflictโ in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea. The paper categorises the drivers of intergroup conflict that make up the landscape for conflict in the Highlands. It star...
Papua New Guineaโs health system faces ongoing challenges in the provision of maternal and child health and has some of the poorest health indicators in the world. In this paper, we describe the impact of COVID-19 on maternal and child health, as examples of primary health care services. We conducted 131 semi-structured interviews with different po...
Linguistic conflicts are not unknown in multilingual societies in the world. These conflicts range between mild prejudices against a language to the most violent hatred against it and its speakers. There are many countries which have more than three major languages. Though most of them, like Malaysia, Singapore, Switzerland, Papua New Guinea and Ur...
Australianโfunded development programs aim to support the needs of partner governments but ultimately advance Australiaสผs national interests. This research unpacks this discourse on the major Australianโfunded infrastructure development programs in Papua New Guinea. It has two key findings: first, the way program reporting speaks about geopolitics...
As a key determinant of household welfare, workersสผ real wages matter. Limited by small and infrequent surveys, the study of real wages in Papua New Guinea (PNG) has until now been constrained by a paucity of data. Using a novel dataset, we construct the first longitudinal series of wages for (to a close approximation) the population of formal priv...
The Awiakay language is spoken by about 400 people in East Sepik Province of Papua New Guinea. It belongs to a small Arafundi family. Awiakay has twelve consonants and twelve vowels, primary stress occurs on the first syllable. Verbs are inflected for person and number of subject and object arguments, as well as TAM. Nouns take case marking and may...
In July 2000 and October 2007, three male specimens
(18.2โ27.9 mm in standard length) of Egglestonichthys Miller
and Wongrat, 1979 were collected from Amitori Bay, Iriomote
Island, Yaeyama Islands, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, and subsequently
identified as Egglestonichthys rubidus Allen et al., 2020
by having the following combination of characters:...
The Coral Triangle (CT) is a marine region of high coral biodiversity spanning six countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Timor Leste and the Philippines. Renowned for its unparalleled richness in coral species, the CT also harbors an exceptional diversity of marine mammals, with over 35 species inhabiting its coasta...
Papua New Guinea (PNG) is an island country with more than 8.5 million population as per latest census and has a land mass spread of around 465,000 square kilometre and relates to more than 8700 km of National Road (NR) Network and over 21000 km subnational/provincial and district road network. Being rugged terrain, geographical and geotechnical co...
Acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) remains a major worldwide cause of childhood mortality, compelling innovation in prevention and treatment. Children in Papua New Guinea (PNG) experience profound morbidity from ALRI caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. As a result of evolutionary divergence, the human PNG population exhibits profound ge...
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) prevents disease by reducing nasopharyngeal carriage of disease-causing serotypes through direct immunisation and indirect community-wide effects. The extent of indirect effects in low-coverage, high-burden settings like Papua New Guinea (PNG) is unclear. From 2016-2019, we evaluated the impact of PCV13 on vacci...
The accumulation of excess reserves in the banking system of PNG may have undesirable implications on the financial system, macroeconomic stability and monetary policy implementation. Hence, this paper examines the factors that induce commercial banks to hold unremunerated excess reserves. The paper employs an ARDL model to estimate the determinant...
Newly confirmed plant bug taxa of the Lygus-complex (Mirinae: Mirini) occurring in the Himalayas-Sundaland-Wallacea region are documented. Four new genera, Chelyolygus, Euphorbialygus, Himalisundacoris and Paralygocoris, are established for fourteen new species from Indonesia, Nepal, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Four known species previously p...
Unchecked virtual water trade can threaten the sustainability of freshwater resources and global food security. However, research lacks to quantify suboptimal virtual water flows and their impacts on resource sustainability. This study addresses this research gap by investigating and modifying the virtual water trade structure using the virtual wat...
Vaccines are crucial for combating vaccine-preventable diseases including COVID-19 and protecting people's health. However, in most countries including Papua New Guinea (PNG), people are increasingly unwilling to accept COVID-19 vaccines. This cross-sectional study investigates the factors of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance practices among public serva...
New Guinea is the worldโs second largest island (land area: 785,753 km ยฒ ), divided politically between the easternmost provinces of Indonesia and the sovereign state of Papua New Guinea. It affords a unique case study of how the alignment of statehood and territory is particularly nuanced by islandness, archipelagicity and the fluid indeterminacy...
Background: Yaws, a neglected tropical disease caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue, has evaded eradication, in part due to a high proportion of asymptomatic cases. A cluster-randomised trial in a yaws endemic area compared repeated mass drug administration (MDA) with one round of MDA followed by targeted treatment. Repeated rounds of M...
Lihir, located on Niolam Island, 900km from Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, is one of the world's largest producing gold mines. Future changes in feed blend (less argillic ores and an increased proportion of porphyry and epithermal ores) will increase ore hardness and thus impact comminution circuit throughput. Lihir has experienced harder ores in...
This comprehensive review examines the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Papua New Guinea (PNG), a country characterized by its unique cultural and geographical context. Although the global HIV/AIDS crisis began in the early 1980s, PNG's first case was not recorded until 1987. Since then, the epidemic has significantly impacted the nation, evolving into a criti...
This study investigates the use of participatory geographic information systems (PGIS) for hazard assessment in small island developing states (SIDS), with a focus on spatial literacy and community-based disaster management. By partnering with the Lavongai community on Papua New Guinea, this research aimed to empower community members through skill...
Combined education and counselling can contribute to person-centred care for tuberculosis (TB), improving uptake, adherence, and outcomes of treatment for TB disease and TB infection. Though strongly recommended by the World Health Organization for all people diagnosed with TB, education and counselling is not widely implemented in TB programs arou...
This is a research paper on the functions and effectiveness of the criminal justice system in PNG. It is helpful for final-year law students and other students from different faculties at the University of Papua New Guinea to use as a resource material to do their research.
Objective
To examine the wealth-related disparities in modern contraceptives use among women in Papua New Guinea.
Design
We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the 2016โ2018 Papua New Guinea Demographic and Health Survey data. We included 11 618 women of reproductive age in our final analysis. Percentages were used to present the results on ut...
Community activists, policymakers and researchers have long identified human rights as central to addressing the HIV epidemic. Over the past 10 years, efforts to incorporate human rights into the HIV response have focused on reforming laws which criminalise sex work and male-to-male sex. Laws criminalising sex work and male-to-male sex drive commun...
The wide-ranging gecko Gehyra oceanica occupies numerous islands across much of the Pacific Ocean basin. Previouswork has identified six divergent genetic lineages within lizards assigned to this species. During an expedition to islandsoff of northern New Guinea we collected lizards of this complex on Crown Island that differ from all other knownGe...
This report is the seventeenth of a series and presents the results of a comprehensive literature screening in search for new
bird taxa described in 2021, namely new subfamilies, genera, species and subspecies worldwide. We tracked names of 19 new
taxa, namely seven genera, eight species and four subspecies new to science, which were described acco...
Mosso is a village located in between Indonesia - Papua New Guinea border. It is often known for its difficulty. In reaching government's efforts to empower the community through the use of village funds can make a positive contribution to the progress of the Mosso Village community. So it is necessary to develop communication strategy to empower t...
Diseases of Theobroma cacao L. (Malvaceae) disrupt cocoa bean supply and economically impact growers. Vascular streak dieback (VSD), caused by Ceratobasidium theobromae, is a new encounter disease of cacao currently contained to southeast Asia and Melanesia. Resistance to VSD has been tested with large progeny trials in Sulawesi, Indonesia, and in...
China is the worldโs largest importer of logs, possessing the scale to exert significant influence in the international market. This paper uses a fixed-effect variable coefficient Pricing-to-Market panel model to measure Chinaโs market power in log import trade. It also utilizes the Almost Ideal Demand System model from an elasticity perspective to...
Kampung Mosso is one of the villages located in the Jayapura city government area and is a border area between the Republic of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. The purpose of this community service activity is to improve the community's ability to utilize their yard land by cultivating chili plants. The Community Service Activity was carried out in...
Kampung Mosso is one of the villages located in the Jayapura city government area and is a border area between the Republic of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. The people in Kampung Mosso work as farmers. The agricultural commodities cultivated in the village are sago, corn, bananas, cassava, etc. However, agriculture in the village is still only to...
Background Breastfeeding within the first hour of birth is critical for newborn survival. However, in Papua New Guinea (PNG), about 40% of newborns are not breastfed within the first hour of birth. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with delayed initiation of breastfeeding in PNG.
Methods This study used secondary...
New Guinea and surrounding islands are home to some of the richest assemblages of insular biodiversity in the world. The key geological drivers of species richness in this region are largely considered to be mountain uplift and development of offshore archipelagosโsome of which have accreted onto New Guineaโwith the role of mountain uplift and elev...
Plain Language Summary
Where mountains are raised (uplifted) slowly by plate tectonics, erosion (the removal of rocks/soils) tends to be slow. Where erosion is slow, chemical weathering (the local breaking down or dissolving of rocks/minerals) is usually slow as well. This observation has been made in mountainous regions around the world with tempe...
Manam is one of the most frequently active volcanoes in Papua New Guinea and is a top contributor to global volcanic volatile emissions due to its persistent open-vent degassing. Here, we present a multi-year time series (2018โ2021) of thermal and SO 2 emissions for Manam from satellite remote sensing, which we interpret in the context of open-vent...
New taxonomic and faunistic data for nine species of Paraphloeostiba Steel, 1960 and one species of Xanthonomus Bernhauer, 1926 (X. guineensis Shavrin, 2024) from the eastern Palaearctic, Oriental and Papuan regions are provided. Three new species of Paraphloeostiba are described and illustrated: P. acrolochaoides sp. nov. and P. brevicula sp. nov....
Introduction The World Health Organisation defines paediatric palliative care (PPC) as caring for the child's body, mind, and spirit, and giving support to the family. In life-limiting conditions it is important that palliative support can be provided even when curative attempts are being utilised. In Papua New Guinea, as in other low-and middle-in...
Background: How well the Problem Based curriculum at the School of Medicine and Health Sciences (SMHS) at the University of Papua New Guinea (UPNG) prepares graduates for the workforce has not been evaluated.
Oxygen therapy reduces mortality and morbidity from hypoxaemia in children. There are no published studies assessing individual patient responses to oxygen when delivered by oxygen concentrators in primary healthcare facilities. Ours was a prospective observational study in remote health facilities over three years. A data recording form was used f...
Aim: To prospectively evaluate the use of bubble continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in children with very severe pneumonia and other acute lower respiratory infections, during its trial introduction in a low resource hospital in Papua New Guinea. Methods: Prospective observational study of children treated with CPAP who had severe pneumonia...
Introduction: Smartphones and digital technology have been increasingly important in medical education in most countries, but have only recently become widely available in Papua New Guinea. Our study aimed to examine the views and experiences of medical students on smartphone use at the
Background
Decision-makers in middle-income countries need evidence on the cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 booster doses and oral antivirals to appropriately prioritise these healthcare interventions.
Methods
We used a dynamic transmission model to assess the cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 booster doses and oral antivirals in Fiji, Indonesia, Papua...
Latar Belakang: Papua New Guinea memiliki prevalensi stunting tinggi mencapai 46,5% di tahun 2018. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor yang melekat pada anak (jenis kelamin, umur, dan kepemilikan jaminan kesehatan) dan faktor lingkungan rumah tangga yaitu pendidikan ibu balita, jumlah balita, sumber air minum dan jam...
Previous research has indicated that region of origin may influence the anthropometric and performance characteristics of an individual. The aim of this study was to determine the anthropometric and performance characteristics of Papua New Guineans and examine the relationship with the region of origin. 1176 Papua New Guinean athletes (666 males/51...
Introduction
Dynamic cellular and molecular adaptations in early life significantly impact health and disease. Upon birth, newborns are immediately challenged by their environment, placing urgent demands on the infant immune system. Adenosine deaminases (ADAs) are enzymatic immune modulators present in two isoforms โ ADA-1 and ADA-2. Infants exhibi...
Research cruise SO299 to the New Ireland Basin, Papua New Guinea, discovered the active Karambusel vent field that combines characteristics of magmatic-hydrothermal venting and hydrocarbon seepage. The vent field is located at an eruptive centre on the western flank of Conical Seamount, previously known to host epithermal-style mineralization near...
Purpose: This paper conducts a nuanced exploration of Papua New Guineaโs (PNG) intricate diplomatic landscape through the metaphor "The Bee Fertilizes the Flower She Robs." This conceptual framework elucidates the complex interplay between soft power, national interests, and resource access among global powers - namely Australia, China, and the Uni...
During archaeological survey and excavation along the Kaironk and Simbai Valleys of the New Guinea Highlands in 2016, a ground and pecked tool fragment was recovered from a subsurface context immediately adjacent to the Imbiben (JRQ) open area excavations where a well-preserved cultural deposit including hearth stones and a flaking floor has been d...
The curious skink, Carlia ailanpalai Zug, occurs in the main group of the Admiralty Islands of Papua New Guinea but has also successfully invaded Guam, the Marianas, Yap, and Kosrae. A single coccidian, Eimeria zugi McAllister, Duszynski, Fisher, & Austin, 2013 was described from C. ailanpalai from Papua New Guinea. No additional coccidians are kno...
Context . The detection of interstellar meteors, especially meteorite-dropping meteoroids, would be transformative, as this would enable direct sampling of material from other stellar systems on Earth. One candidate is the fireball observed by U.S. government sensors on January 8, 2014. It has been claimed that fragments of this meteoroid have been...
Insectivorous predators, including birds and bats, play crucial roles in trophic cascades. However, previous research on these cascades has often relied on permanent predator exclosures, which prevent the isolation of specific effects of birds and bats, given their different activity patterns throughout the day. Moreover, limited knowledge exists r...
Invasive alien species are threats to native biodiversity, and one of the worldโs 100 worst is the golden apple snail, ๐๐ฐ๐ฎ๐ข๐ค๐ฆ๐ข ๐ค๐ข๐ฏ๐ข๐ญ๐ช๐ค๐ถ๐ญ๐ข๐ต๐ข. In more than 40 years after its introduction in the Philippines, the possible origin and genetic relationship with other known populations is still poorly understood. To address this research gap, phylogenetic...
Notions and practices known by the Tok Pisin term laki ('lucky' or 'luck') have for long been widespread across Melanesia. Previous studies have tended to concentrate on laki as 'probabilistic chance' and its secular (i.e. economic, political, recreational) expressions, most notably in card gambling. Drawing on the perspective of the New Melanesian...
Ross River virus (RRV) and Barmah Forest virus (BFV) are arthritogenic arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) that exhibit generalist host associations and share distributions in Australia and Papua New Guinea (PNG). Using stochastic mapping and discrete-trait phylogenetic analyses, we profiled the independent evolution of RRV and BFV signature muta...
![Abb. [Fig.] 1: Sphenomorphus nigriventris -Muller Range, Provinz...](profile/Stephen-Goldberg-4/publication/383914780/figure/fig1/AS:11431281277211053@1725988156736/Abb-Fig-1-Sphenomorphus-nigriventris-Muller-Range-Provinz-Southern-Highlands_Q320.jpg)
In this paper I provide information on the reproductive cycle based on a histological examination of museum specimens of Sphenomorphus nigriventris from Papua New Guinea