Paediatric - Science topic

There has been a growing recognition on the importance of diversity in clinical trials. Existing research has highlighted a significant demographic imbalance. Amidst this renewed focus on diversity, it is crucial to acknowledge that Asia comprises over half of the world’s population. Given the region’s demographic significance, we sought to compare...

O texto aborda a necessidade de anestesia em procedimentos dermatológicos pediátricos, destacando a importância de considerações específicas para garantir a segurança e o conforto dos pacientes. A análise crítica da literatura explora os potenciais efeitos adversos dos anestésicos, a eficácia de diferentes técnicas anestésicas e revisa as diretrize...

Background While atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN) has been found to present with significant physical and psychological complications, the presentation of AAN has not been described in a multi-ethnic Singaporean population. Methods This retrospective cohort analysis aimed to characterize the baseline presentation of adolescents with anorexia nervos...

Paediatric tuberculosis can be challenging to diagnose, and various approaches are used in different settings. A retrospective review was conducted on Papua New Guinea (PNG) children with presumptive TB who presented for health care in the Torres Strait Islands, Australia, between 2016 and 2019. We compared diagnostic algorithms including the modif...

Lesiones orales odontogénicos en pacientes pediátricos es esencial comprender la patogénesis de los tumores odontogénicos. La presentación clínica, las características microscópicas y el pronóstico se abordan para las lesiones odontogénicos en el recién nacido, pero la familiaridad con estas entidades es esencial debido a las diferentes implicacion...

BACKGROUND: Effective funding models are key for implementing and sustaining critical care delivery programmes such as specialised paediatric palliative care (SPPC). In Switzerland, funding concerns have frequently been raised as primary barriers to providing SPPC in dedicated settings. However, systematic evidence on existing models of funding as...

Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill children. Data from adult studies suggest Selective Decontamination of the Digestive tract (SDD) may reduce the incidence of HCAIs and improve survival. There are no data from randomised clinical trials in the paediatric setting. An open label, p...

Background With the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) participants are asked to provide self-reports of their symptoms, feelings, thoughts and behaviours in daily life. This preregistered systematic review assessed how ESM is being used to monitor emotional well-being, somatic health, fatigue and pain in children and adolescents with a chronic somat...

La nueva definición de estado epiléptico brinda una buena orientación cuando se debe considerar el tratamiento de emergencia determinado en dos tiempos. El punto de tiempo t1 es el momento en que se debe iniciar el tratamiento, que es a los 5 min para las crisis tónico clónicas generalizadas y a los 10 min para las focales. Y el punto de tiempo t2...

Objetivos: describir las características clínicoepidemiológicas de los pacientes pediátricos diagnosticados con soplo inocente en Servicio de Cardiología en el Hospital María, Especialidades Pediátricas. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en pacientes menores a 18 años con diagnóstico de soplo inocente atendidos en la consulta e...

Antecedentes: el crup es la causa más frecuente de obstrucción aguda de la vía aérea superior en la infancia, con predominio entre los 6 meses y 3 años de edad., la mayoría de los casos son de etiología viral y presentación leve. Descripción de caso: primer caso masculino de 9 meses previamente sano con crup asociado a SARS-COV-2 en la Unidad de Cu...

La Esclerosis sistémica juvenil es una enfermedad multisis- témica del tejido conectivo caracterizada por fibrosis cutánea, vasculopatía y compromiso de órganos internos. En pacientes pediátricos tiene una variedad de manifestaciones clínicas, mu­chas veces diferente de las formas adultas. Predomina la forma cutánea difusa, sin embargo, el compromi...

Introduction Paediatric patients are a vulnerable population that require additional care by healthcare professionals. Quality managing these examinations ensures that effective and quality care is provided to individual patients, whilst encouraging consistency within the medical imaging department. This study explored radiographers’ perspectives o...

Asthma is a key illness driving children to present to emergency departments, and although paediatric emergency asthma presentations have been examined, the temporal trends remain somewhat elusive. The aim is to highlight, describe, and model the temporal trends of emergency paediatric asthma presentations, using comprehensive hospital emergency pr...

The Staphylococcus aureus Network Adaptive Platform (SNAP) trial is a multifactorial Bayesian adaptive platform trial that aims to improve the way that S. aureus bloodstream infection, a globally common and severe infectious disease, is treated. In a world first, the SNAP trial will simultaneously investigate the effects of multiple intervention mo...

Introdução: o uso off-label de medicamentos na pediatria é frequente e, dependendo do cenário, pode ser inevitável, sendo assim é importante garantir que haja racionalidade no seu uso. Objetivo: descrever aspectos para garantir o uso racional off-label de medicamentos na pediatria. Métodos: foi realizada uma revisão integrativa adotando-se a base d...

Ethnobotany Research and Applications 26:74 (2023)-http://dx. Abstract Background: No prior research has explored the use of medicinal plants for treating maternal and paediatric health-related ailments in the Nkomazi Local Municipality. This study aimed to investigate the utilization of medicinal plants by traditional healers in the region for spe...

Anti-infectives at a glance The complete spectrum of anti-infective therapy, tried and tested and practical: all relevant anti-infectives, important infections and pathogens as well as special clinical questions. Quick reference for special therapy problems and patient groups Treatment recommendations for multi-resistant pathogens Dosage recommen...

Introducción: El uso del chupón es un hábito de succión no nutritiva que se ha convertido en un factor predisponente para las maloclusiones dentales y otras alteraciones dentales, además de contribuir a la mala higiene oral. Desarrollo: Su uso ayuda a conciliar el sueño, reduce el estrés y el dolor, situaciones que provocan preocupación y ansiedad...

Background: Changes in mandibular cortical bone have been documented in children with chronic diseases but not in healthy populations. Aim: We aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the mandibular cortical bone of a healthy paediatric population using dental panoramic radiographs (DPTs). The secondary objective was to assess the effect...

Resumen Las secuelas rotacionales en las falanges de pacientes pediátricos son, afortunadamente, poco frecuentes y se pueden tratar mediante osteotomías correctivas del hueso en el cual presenta la secuela. El tratamiento ideal debe lograr, además de la corrección del defecto rotacional: conservar el cartílago de crecimiento indemne junto con su po...

Antecedentes: La infección del tracto urinario (ITU) es una enfermedad frecuente en la niñez y una de las causas más comunes de consulta en el servicio de urgencias pediátricas. Su incidencia está entre el 5 y 10 % en menores de 2 años. Objetivo: Generar recomendaciones sobre el diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de ITU en pacientes pediátricos...

In recent years, an increase in the incidence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease has been observed, with particular emphasis on Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis in the paediatric population, also in the youngest age group. Underlying factors are genetic, environmental (including the microbiome) and immunological. Clinical manifestations are very o...

Purpose The prevalence of childhood obesity/overweight (OV-OB) has been increased worldwide. Inguinal exploration in pediatric with unilateral hernias has been an important issue due to the high incidence of contralateral patent processus vaginalis (CPPV). This study was to investigate the effect of OV-OB on CPPV, and the relationship between the p...

Objective: To describe the trend in hepatitis-A virus (HAV)-related hospitalisations in children and analyse the association of demographic, clinical and laboratory manifestations with length of stay (LOS) of HAV infection. Method: A retrospective study was conducted in Siloam Hospitals Indonesia. Inclusion criteria were hospitalised paediatric hep...

Background - The association of COVID-19 with the development of new-onset diabetes has been recently investigated by several groups, yielding controversial results. Population studies currently available in the literature are mostly focused on type 1 diabetes (T1D), comparing patients with a SARS-CoV-2 positive test to individuals without COVID-19...

Introdução: Trauma é um dano causado por exposição, de maneira exacerbada, a concentrações energéticas que ultrapassam a linha de tolerância, ou a fatores que afetem a energia do indivíduo. Apesar de os traumas infantis acontecerem de forma casual, há, no mundo, um importante crescimento da morbimortalidade envolvendo crianças. A hospitalização de...

A infecção por COVID-19 acarreta diversas modificações no organismo humano, incluindo sinais e sintomas que podem variar em cada indivíduo, principalmente quando se trata de pacientes pediátricos. Os achados clínicos documentados nessa população têm formas de apresentação distintas, o que faz com que ainda se saiba pouco relacionado a essa questão....

Purpose Childhood, adolescent and young adult (CAYA) cancer survivors require ongoing surveillance for health problems from the end of cancer treatment throughout their lives. There is a lack of evidence-based guidelines on optimal surveillance strategies for the period from the end of treatment to 5 years after diagnosis. We aimed to address this...

Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM) is a debilitating neu-rological disorder predominantly afflicting children , characterised by muscle weakness, paralysis , and respiratory complications. A significant subset of patients faces respiratory muscle weakness and breathing difficulties, necessitating tracheostomy-connected mechanical ventilation. This paper...

La elevada incidencia de infecciones de vía aérea superior (IVAS) respiratorias en la edad infantil hace que un porcentaje importante de los pacientes pediátricos que se presentan a una cirugía electiva presenten síntomas de IVAS en ese momento o en las semanas previas. Recibir una anestesia general bajo esta condición supone un aumento en el riesg...

A anemia afeta quase um quarto da população mundial e causa inúmeros danos em vários tecidos, como baixa oxigenação e sinais e sintomas, como falta de ar, falta de apetite, dor de cabeça, tontura e dificuldade de aprendizado. Não há, no entanto, dados sobre anemia em crianças na Região Norte do Brasil, o que é necessário para estabelecer parâmetros...

Background: Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (ABHS) tonsillitis is an acute disease that is often benign but sometimes serious due to its locoregional and general complications. It is a frequent cause of consultation among general practitioners, ENT and paediatrics. The choice and interest of our work was motivated by the fact that one of the m...

Background

O manejo transfusional em pacientes pediátricos, particularmente durante o período perioperatório, representa uma temática de elevada relevância na prática médica contemporânea. A complexidade intrínseca a esse tópico advém da compreensão crucial de que crianças não são simplesmente versões reduzidas de adultos, demandando intervenções adaptadas à...

Introduction Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes a severe respiratory condition, bronchiolitis, in infants but not in adults. Bronchiolitis is characterised by neutrophilic infiltration in the airways, but whether neutrophils enhance recovery from infection or contribute to its pathology remains unknown. Methods We used a novel in-vitro model...

Introduction: The effects of problematic screen exposure in the early years have adverse effects on cognition, reasoning, executive, and social skills, and physical health. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of problematic screen exposure in children between 2 to 5 years of age visiting the Department of Paediatrics of a tertiary care centre....

Aim To gain an understanding of children's experiences of expressing their views and having them heard in Australian healthcare settings. Design Child‐centred qualitative research. A deductive qualitative content analysis was undertaken. Methods Data were collected from 20 Australian children and young people between the ages of 7 and 18 years ol...

Introdução: A ocorrência frequente de eventos adversos durante a internação hospitalar demanda meios proativos de gerenciamento de riscos, incluindo a verificação de rastreadores/triggers. Objetivo: verificar os fatores associados aos triggers e eventos adversos na internação pediátrica. Material e Métodos: Pesquisa transversal embasada na metodolo...

The current study tested whether the reported lower wellbeing of parents after preterm birth, relative to term birth, is a continuation of a pre-existing difference before pregnancy. Parents from Germany (the German Socio-Economic Panel Study, N = 10,649) and the United Kingdom (British Household Panel Study and Understanding Society, N = 11,012) r...

Resumen Objetivo: la atención centrada en la familia durante procedimientos invasivos ha sido respaldada por muchas organizaciones profesionales dedicadas al cuidado de la salud. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las actitudes de los profesionales de la salud con respecto a la presencia de los padres durante los procedimientos invasivos reali...

Resumo Objetivo: o atendimento centrado na família durante procedimentos invasivos tem sido endossado por muitas organizações profissionais de saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as atitudes dos profissionais de saúde em relação à presença dos pais durante o procedimento invasivo realizado em seus filhos. Método: os prestadores de serviços d...

This was a quality improvement project that was Conducted in a district hospital in Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa in 2013. Whilst working in a paediatric outpatients department we found that our practise was problem based and we were losing the opportunity to provide holistic care for families from fragile parts of the community. We needed to preven...

Objective To determine the time-course from first cochlear implantation to non-use, to characterise non-users' receptive and expressive communication, and document known risk factors for inconsistent use, for congenitally deaf non-users of cochlear implants implanted as children at least ten years ago. Methods Retrospective service evaluation. All...

Plyometric training boosts adolescents' jumping ability, crucial for athletic success and health. However, the best total ground contact frequency (TGCF) and overall intervention time (OIT) for these exercises remain unclear. This meta-analysis aims to identify optimal TGCF and OIT in plyometric training for adolescents, focusing on countermovement...

Introduction Currently, operative reports are narrative and often handwritten, making interpretation difficult and potentially omitting key steps of the procedure. This study undertook a systematic review to determine the current availability of synoptic operative reporting and develop a synoptic operative record template for emergency laparotomy (...

Aim To delineate between the concepts of parental presence, participation, and engagement in paediatric hospital care. Design The concepts' uses in the literature were analysed to determine attributes, influences, and relationships. Methods Delineations of each concept are established and conceptual definitions are proposed following Morses' meth...

Os desafios inerentes ao diagnóstico e tratamento da Fibrose Cística (FC), especialmente em pacientes pediátricos são um desafio para os profissionais de saúde. No âmbito do diagnóstico, são abordadas as complexidades associadas à identificação da FC em crianças, destacando a necessidade de avaliações abrangentes e oportunas. O processo diagnóstico...

Mini PCNL (mPCNL) procedures now often employ miniature nephroscopes that were originally created to treat paediatric kidney stones. There is scarcity of knowledge regarding complications of mPCNL in renal stones larger than 3 cm. Objective: To determine the common complications of mini PCNL performed for renal stones larger than 3.0cm. Methods: Th...

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a well-known infant pathogen transmitted mainly by droplets. It is a leading cause of upper respiratory tract infections in children, usually with a mild course of illness. RSV has also been a threat to older people, especially those with underlying medical conditions. For a long time, prevention was limited to...

In paediatric patients fluid management has various aspects that differ from adults. One of the reasons is the different physiology of body fluids in children. Dehydration occurs commonly in children and requires resuscitation. Administration of fluid resuscitation is essential in critically ill children. Early and appropriate resuscitation improve...

Aim: To evaluate the quality of life in children with bronchial asthma.Material & Methods: This was a cross sectional hospital based study conducted in the Department of Paediatrics, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur among 100 patients of Bronchial asthma with age group of Children in the age group of 2-18 years between March 2021...

Importance COVID-19 has facilitated the rise of a new service model that combines HITH service provision with technology to create ‘virtual hospitals’, but evidence on the impact of this new model in terms of cost and clinical outcomes, compared to usual Hospital in the Home (HITH) care, is currently lacking. Objective To assess the clinical and fi...

Respiratory health in children is essential for general wellbeing and healthy development on the short and long term. It is well known that many respiratory diseases in adulthood have their origins in early life, and therefore research on prevention of respiratory diseases and management of children with respiratory diseases will benefit patients d...

Background: The present study was conducted to study the co-relation of constipation in urban school going children with respect to psychosocial aspects. Methods: The study was done in Public Schools in Jaipur with students in age group of 5-15yr of either sex. Children who fulfilled the ROME IV criteria for constipation were analysed for psychosoc...

Aim: To evaluate the reliability of different RBC indices to differentiate between Beta thalassemia trait and iron deficiency anemia in children. among 105 patients admitted in Department of Paediatrics for anemia. Erythrocyte microcytosis and hypochromia was assessed using automated blood cell counter and by peripheral smear. All cases with normal...

Aim This qualitative study aimed to identify nurses' and allied health professionals' perceptions and experiences of providing hospital‐acquired pressure injury (HAPI) prevention in a paediatric tertiary hospital in Australia, as well as understand the perceived barriers and facilitators to preventing HAPI. Design A qualitative, exploratory study...

We developed and tested the Indian Autism Screening Questionnaire (IASQ), which was reported to be reliable and valid as compared to the Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism (ISAA) and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale -2 (CARS2). The present study describes the feasibility, acceptability, sociodemographic and developmental details of IASQ study p...

Congenital defects of the erythrocyte membrane are common in northern Europe and all over the world. The resulting diseases, for example, hereditary spherocytosis (HS), are often underdiagnosed, partly due to their sometimes mild and asymptomatic courses. In addition to a broad clinical spectrum, this is also due to the occasionally complex diagnos...

O câncer é uma doença que atinge todos os anos milhões de pessoas, e muitas delas são crianças. A cada 3 minutos uma criança morre acometida pelo câncer e todos os anos mais de 400.000 de 0 a 19anos são diagnosticadas com a doença. Diferente dos cânceres em adultos que podem ser prevenidos, as causas da maioria dos cânceres infantis são desconhecid...

A terapia com células T do receptor de antígeno quimérico (CAR) vem sendo estudada, principalmente, no tratamento contra as leucemias. Por se tratar de uma doença maligna dos glóbulos brancos, frequentemente, de origem desconhecida, pode se exigir um tratamento complexo e duradouro. No entanto, por se tratar de um câncer prevalente em crianças e jo...

Airway management in paediatric patients with facial abnormalities is challenging for an experienced anaesthesiologist. Both mask ventilation and intubation can be difficult or impossible, especially with associated congenital facial anomalies. Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is linked with mandibular hypoplasia and temporomandibular joint anomalies. T...

O câncer é uma causa predominante de óbitos em crianças e estima-se que cerca de 1.040 crianças, com idades entre 1 e 14 anos, perderão suas vidas para a doença em 2023. Assim, é de extrema importância que pacientes infantis em tratamento oncológico recebam cuidados de uma equipe interdisciplinar, incluindo profissionais da odontologia, a fim de pr...

Background Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is a standard treatment in hydrocephalus of certain aetiologies. The most widely used predictive model is the ETV success score. This is frequently used to predict outcomes following ETV in adult patients; however, this was a model developed in paediatric patients with often distinct aetiologies of...

The paediatric orthopaedic expert system analyses and predicts the healing time of limb fractures in children using machine learning. As far we know, no published research on the paediatric orthopaedic expert system that predicts paediatric fracture healing time using machine learning has been published. The University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC)...

Background Pulmonary regurgitation is the most common complication after the complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot, and severe pulmonary regurgitation after surgery requires pulmonary valve replacement. In this retrospective observational, cross-sectional study, we included a total of 56 children aged 6 years or younger who underwent complete repa...

Castels’in ağ toplumunda; bilgi edinimi, eğlence, eğitim, vakit geçirme gibi birçok eylem internet üzerinden gerçekleşmekte ve gündelik yaşam sanal bir hale dönüşmektedir. Dünya nüfusunun %64’ünden fazlasının internet kullandığı bir dünyada2 siber ebeveynlik (Wong, 2010: 252) olarak da bilinen dijital ebeveynlik, yetkinlik becerisi olarak tüm ailel...

Background Despite the fact that mothers care for their children's pain in most cases, it has been noted that mothers have limited knowledge and attitude about pediatric pain. A significant proportion of parents hold an erroneous attitude toward postoperative pain medications out of fear of side effects. This study aims to assess parental knowledge...

Aim The aim of the study was to synthesize the evidence on the essential elements, nurses must address when they perform therapeutic education to patients and their caregivers to promote a safe paediatric hospital‐to‐home discharge. Design A systematic review and narrative synthesis. Methods The search strategy identifies studies published betwee...

The recognition of the scalloped appearance of the descending thoracic aorta that appeared as the retrocardiac shadow helped the diagnosis. Other reported X-ray findings in Takayasu’s arteritis include a waxy or scalloped appearance of the thoracic aorta and hilar enlargement.3

Background and Aims: Recommendations on paediatric single-injection local anaesthetic (LA) dosing for peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) are based on the children’s weight and limited by weight-based toxicity concerns. In this study, we assessed the extent of circumferential spread and block characteristics following the injection of an age-based volu...