Osteology - Science topic

Osteology plays an indispensable role in understanding the normal patterns of different species, serving as the foundation for zoological understanding. Mazama nana is well-known in Brazil; however, basic morphological descriptions of the species are scarce, while Subulo gouazoubira, currently revalidated as Mazama gouazoubira, is also prevalent in...

The Middle Triassic Denwa Formation located within the Satpura Gondwana basin of Central India exhibits a significant presence of temnospondyl amphibians classified under the family Mastodonsauridae. Prior investigations have documented two taxa of the Mastodonsauridae family, namely Cherninia denwai and Paracyclotosaurus crookshanki, from the Denw...

We revisit the holotype of Ninox dubiosa Weick, 2006, and show the species to be a junior synonym of the White-throated Screech Owl, Megascops albogularis (Cassin, 1849). Micro-CT scans of the specimen reveal the absence of a dorsal process on the jugal bar, which precludes its assignment to the taxon Ninox. The presence of a temporal fenestra is s...

Raksts ir veltīts hipokratiskā korpusa anatomiskā traktāta „Par kaulu dabu” terminrades analīzei. Līdz šim nav veikts traktāta tulkojums latviešu valodā, tāpēc terminiem sniegts autores tulkojums latviešu valodā. Raksts sastāv no ievada, empīriskās daļas un secinājumiem. Raksta ievadā sniegta informācija par hipokratisko korpusu, traktāta iespējamo...

The site of San Valentino in San Vito al Tagliamento is one of the main urnfield cemeteries in northeastern Italy. Archaeological excavations carried out in the seventies brought to light a cremation cemetery consisting of mainly urn graves with pottery and metal artefacts as grave goods. These materials suggest that the individuals buried in San V...

Abstract—The ocean sunfish, Mola mola (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae), is among the world’s heaviest bony fish. Despite its worldwide distribution and conspicuous appearance, its presence in certain oceanic regions remains underreported. This note documents the occurrence of a deceased Mola mola specimen on Utila, Bay Islands, located in the Caribbean...

Book review in French on a book on comprehensive exploration of the biology, natural history, and conservation of the tortoises family Testudinidae. Keywords - Reptilia; Testudines; Tortues du monde; Testudinidae; Ostéologie; Carapace; Nomenclature des os; Stries de croissance; Âge; Longévité; Morphologie; Terrier; Physiologie; Comportement; Tortue...

Remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic led to a range of pedagogical challenges for anthropology laboratory courses. In biological anthropology courses such as Human Osteology, hands-on experience is essential to achieving learning outcomes, including basic bone and feature (i.e., landmark) identification, identification from fragmentary rema...

We describe a new species of leaflitter frog of the genus Noblella from southern Ecuador, province of Zamora Chinchipe. The new species is diagnosed from all its congeners by having one or two tubercles on the upper eyelids; distal phalanges strongly T-shaped; phalangeal formula on hands 2-2-3-3; phalangeal formula on feet 2-2-3-4-3; heel with a sm...

Ayurveda, the science of life, emphasizes the health of each individual. It introduces various concepts such as Tridosha, Sapta Dhatu, Trimala, and Agni, which aim to enhance human well-being. Among these, Dhatu are the elements that support the body and maintain equilibrium. Asthi Dhatu, one of the seven Dhatu, provides structure and support to th...

Deinocheirus is a bizarre and unique theropod dinosaur. The holotype of Deinocheirus was discovered in 1976, but its characteristics and phylogenetic position remained largely enigmatic due to the scarcity of fossil material. This changed in 2014 when Lee et al. described two additional specimens, providing a deeper insight into this mysterious cre...

Evolutionary body size decrease has profound consequences for the morphology of an organism. In the evolution of the Characidae, the most species‐rich family of Neotropical fishes, a prominent trend is the reduction of body size. The most typical effect is the simplification and reduction of morphological features through terminal deletion processe...

Background European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) are small insectivorous mammals common in Europe. With increased urbanization, the species become more frequent in the cities and near other human dwellings. The anatomy of the species with the use of diagnostic imaging techniques along with the classical anatomical methodology has not been resear...

Besanosaurus leptorhynchus Dal Sasso & Pinna, 1996 was originally described on the basis of a single complete fossil specimen excavated near Besano (Italy). However, a recent taxonomic revision and re-examination of the cranial osteology allowed for the assignment of five additional specimens to the taxon. Here, we analyse, describe and discuss the...

Within the dicynodont genus Turfanodon, there are two recognized species, T. bogdaensis and T. jiufengensis. Both species are known by relatively complete cranial materials, but the mandibles and most postcranial bones have been described only for T. jiufengensis. This paper reports new dicynodont specimens from Turpan, Xinjiang, referring them to...

Gvozdarus svetovidovi (Nototheniidae) is the rarest notothenioid fish, represented by only two specimens collected in 1970 and 1988. As it is little known, we present aspects of the cranial osteology of this species and use this, and other features of its morphology, to infer fundamental aspects of its biology. As in other pelagic nototheniids, G....

Key-words : Rhinocerotidae, Stephanorhinus hundsheimensis, S. kirchbergensis, Mauer (Germany), Osteology, Middle Pleistocene The early Middle Pleistocene locality of Mauer near Heidelberg has yielded a rich and diverse faunal assemblage of fossil mammals. About a quarter of disarticulated finds are material of rhinoceroses. Generally, complete and...

Key-words : Rhinocerotidae, Stephanorhinus hundsheimensis, S. kirchbergensis, Mauer (Germany), Osteology, Middle Pleistocene Citation: SCHREIBER, H. D. (2000): Osteological investigation on skeleton material of Rhinoceroses from the Middle Pleistocene locality of Mauer near Heidelberg (Germany). - Congress of the holarctic Ungulates of the Pliocen...

In addition to the type locality (the summit of Aprada-tepui, Bolívar State of Venezuela), the distribution of the egg-brooding frog Stefania satelles was long thought to include several isolated tabletop mountain (tepui) summits surrounding the large Chimantá Massif in Bolívar State (hence the Latin name “satelles”). However, multilocus molecular...

The aim of this study was to derive the equations for sex determination and to test the accuracy of discrimination between sexes using measurements of the patella in the Thai population. The sample comprised 254 Thai skeletons (134 males and 120 females) aged between 22 and 97 years, with an average age of 63.3years, obtained from the Osteology Res...

Accurate identification of waterfowl bones in archaeological and fossil assemblages has potential to unlock new methods of past environmental reconstruction, as species have differing habitat preferences and migration patterns. Therefore, identifying the presence of avian species with different ecological niches is key to determining past environme...

We provide a detailed and first description of the skull, hyoid apparatus, and trachea of the Turks and Caicos rock iguana, Cyclura carinata (Squamata: Iguanidae). Cyclura is a radiation of iguanas restricted to islands of the Caribbean Sea. Species of Cyclura have high rates of endemism, and all species are severely threatened with extinction. Our...

The article is devoted to the osteology of the lake minnow - an indigenous representative of the ichthyofauna of Kazakhstan. This species has a wide range in northern Eurasia and a debatable taxonomic structure. The generic status of the lake minnow has changed several times - currently it is often assigned to the genus Rhynchocypris. Within this s...

The Lower Jurassic (lower Toarcian) Grimmen Formation (formerly known as "Green Series") of Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania (Northeast Germany) yielded two articulated anterior skeletons of fossil fish, which represent a new lepisosteiform genus and species: Mengius acutidens gen. et sp. nov. The new taxon is described. Osteology of the species i...

Purpose This study aimed to determine the presence and incidence of accessory sutures and bipartite zygomatic bone types, and their effects on population affinity and clinical significance. Methods We examined 120 dry skulls and 50 zygomatic bones to evaluate the presence, frequency, and location of accessory zygomatic sutures as well as subtypes...

Aves (Dinosauria: Theropoda), the first and only clade of maniraptorans to evolve powered flight, are the most speciose amniotes, with over 11,000 known extant species dominating the skies over all seven continents. The earliest members of Avialae from the Chinese biotas evolved in the Middle Jurassic. Despite specious criticism, the phylogenetic c...

The human body is a complex organism, the gross mechanical properties of which are enabled by an interconnected musculoskeletal network controlled by the nervous system. The nature of musculoskeletal interconnection facilitates stability, voluntary movements, and robustness to injury50. It is also known as the loco motor system, and previously know...

A coluna de cães é uma estrutura vertebral composta por vértebras cervicais, torácicas, lombares, sacrais e caudais, que proporciona suporte, proteção à medula espinhal e flexibilidade ao corpo. No entanto, as malformações ósseas da coluna de cães são diversas e comprometem o desenvolvimento normal das vértebras, podendo levar a uma série de proble...

Os membros dos cães, divididos em torácicos e pélvicos, são essenciais para a sustentação, locomoção e absorção de impacto, cada um composto por ossos específicos como escápula, úmero, rádio, ulna, fêmur, tíbia e fíbula. As malformações ósseas apendiculares em cães são um grupo de condições que afetam o desenvolvimento normal do esqueleto, podendo...

O crânio dos cães é uma estrutura óssea complexa e diversificada que varia amplamente entre as raças, desempenhando funções essenciais na proteção do cérebro, suporte das estruturas faciais e facilitação da mastigação e respiração. No entanto, as malformações cranianas em cães são condições que, além de afetar a forma, comprometem a função do crâni...

The blind snake Helminthophis flavoterminatus (Peters, 1857) is a species of Anomalepididae with distribution throughout northwestern Venezuela and western Colombia. Its osteology is poorly known, and thus this study presents information on its skull structure based on High-Resolution X-Ray Computed Tomography. The absence of the supraoccipital bon...

Susceptibility to morbidity and mortality is increased in early life, yet proactive measures, such as breastfeeding and weaning practices, can be taken through specific investments from parents and wider society. The extent to which such biosocialcultural investment was achieved within 1st millennium BCE Etruscan society, of whom little written sou...

The skull anatomy of amphisbaenians directly influences their capacity to burrow and is crucial for the study of their systematics, which ultimately contributes to our comprehension of their evolution and ecology. In this study, we employed three-dimensional X-ray computed tomography to provide a detailed description and comprehensive comparison of...

At the climax of their evolutionary history in the latest Cretaceous, ceratopsian dinosaurs were among the most dominant components of North American and Asian land ecosystems. In other continental landmasses, however, ceratopsians were extraordinarily rare and the affinities of their proposed representatives often turned out to be inconclusive. Ar...

Human skeletal remains have been used at some point by most institutions involved in natural science education, though many real remains are slowly being replaced in classroom use by plastic models. Unfortunately, most antique teaching skeletons still in collections today were obtained during an ethically gray era, resulting in a lack of documentat...

Chile had a violent military coup (1973–1990) that resulted in 3,000 victims declared detained, missing or killed; many are still missing and unidentified. Currently, the Human Rights Unit of the Forensic Medical Service in Chile applies globally recognised forensic anthropological approaches, but many of these methods have not been validated in a...

The use of three-dimensional (3D) models for skeletal analysis has become common practice for osteological research. However, current methods for obtaining the 3D models are either too costly, such as computer tomography (CT), or require time-consuming post-processing such as scanners or cameras. Recent advances in technology have resulted in the d...

Steve Ousley was our friend, colleague, and collaborator. This article reflects on the impact of his work in modernizing three-dimensional cranial data collection. By building the 3Skull software program, something he is less well known for than FORDISC, he allowed generations of researchers to collect cranial and other skeletal coordinate data in...

Therizinosaurs were a taxon of unusual theropods from North America and Asia. The derived therizinosaur Nothronychus graffami possessed a synsacrum and hip convergent with extant birds. The osteology is figured and described in detail supplemented with material from Nothronychus mckinleyi. Both species exhibit traits convergent with extant birds, o...

Introduction Bone growth is a fascinating process, primarily due to its complexity. Equally engaging is the history of its study, which, however, remains unknown to most anatomists and surgeons. Materials and methods A literature search was performed in original publications and historical sources. Results The early history of bone growth study m...

Zusammenfassung Im Oktober 2023 veröffentlichte der Dachverband der deutschsprachigen wissenschaftlichen osteologischen Gesellschaften e. V. (DVO) die überarbeitete Leitlinie zur „Prophylaxe, Diagnostik und Therapie der Osteoporose bei postmenopausalen Frauen und bei Männern ab dem 50. Lebensjahr“. Dieser Übersichtsartikel geht auf die Neuerungen d...

Patients discharged as “healthy” with the symptoms of spontaneous hypoglycemia, commonly known as Whipple’s triad, need more attention. Characterization and long-term follow-up of symptom development in patients with spontaneous hypoglycemia discharged as “healthy”. The objective was to ascertain whether any conditions related to the symptoms were...

Pampus is a widespread species of fish in the western Pacific and Indian Oceans that has significant commercial worth. Its evolutionary history and phylogenetics are still poorly understood, and details on its intraspecific taxonomy are debatable, despite some morphological and molecular research. Here, we analyzed this species using skeletal struc...

Background: Proximal femur analysis plays a vital role in orthopedic surgery, implant design, fracture care, and research. Studying this complex bone helps surgeons select the right implants, plan fracture treatment, and understand bone strength. This growing field improves clinical outcomes and enhances scientific knowledge. Our study analyzes the...

Background: The complex framework of the human foot enables movement and weight support. The os peroneum (OP) is a sesamoid bone located in the tendon of peroneus longus. Though tiny, it plays crucial roles in foot movement and arch stability injuries to the tendon are significant, and the OP itself can fracture, dislocate, or impinge. Its presence...

Climate changes have altered biodiversity and ultimately induced community changes that have threatened the survival of certain aquatic organisms such as fish species. Obtaining biological and genetic information on endangered fish species is critical for ecological population management. Thamnaconus multilineatus, registered as an endangered speci...

Osteology as a subject requires systematic measurements through learning analytics using digital educational resources to monitor individual student progress. The aim of this research is to assess the academic outcomes achieved through the interactive platform (Moodle) using learning analytics to enhance the teaching and learning process of osteolo...

As a member of Aceratheriinae, the genus Plesiaceratherium in Europe is widely distributed and highly diverse. However, only one species of Plesiaceratherium ( i.e. , P. gracile ) exists in China with a discontinuous distribution range. Recently, we have discovered new materials of Plesiaceratherium in the lower layers of the Zhang’enbao Formation...

Several studies have documented the occurrence of hyperostosis, a bone condition that results in bone thickening, in specimens of Trichiurus lepturus, an important commercial species. A total of 102 Largehead Hairtail fish samples from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were obtained from artisanal fishers and divided into 4 size classes. Biometric measuremen...

While season-of-death estimation using cementochronology is routine in archaeozoology, its use is much less frequent in bioarchaeology. Based on the character of the outermost increment (bright or dark), two seasons (spring/summer, autumn/winter) can be distinguished. Although many studies mention its potential and possible use in forensic anthropo...

The scope of modern anatomy has become very wide because it is now studied by all possible techniques which can enlarge the boundaries of the anatomical knowledge. So, bones are essential part of anatomy teaching curriculum and are unsurpassed in the ability to provide three dimensional instruction in Osteology as well as understanding the sites of...

Since predynastic times, baboons (Papio hamadryas and Papio anubis) were important in ancient Egypt for ritual and religious purposes. These species did not occur naturally in Egypt and therefore had to be imported, but little is known about their exact provenance and the conditions in which they were kept through time. Here, we analyse the skeleta...

Context Impairments in musculoskeletal and mental health are common in adults with Hypophosphatasia (HPP). Restricted phosphorus intake has been suggested to positively affect symptoms in HPP, but there is lack of interventional evidence. Objective To evaluate the impact of a phosphorus-restricted, calcium-adjusted diet on musculoskeletal and ment...

Although megaherbivores do not belong to the Brazilian fauna, they can be found in national zoos, which makes it important to know the anatomy of the locomotor apparatus to contribute to the clinical routine of zoos and veterinary rehabilitation centers. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the anatomical structures of the thoracic limb bone...

The Congo endemic genus Congopanchax is distinguished from all other Procato-podidae by the presence of the following exclusive character states: presence of ventral cleft in the anguloarticular, absence of premaxilla posterior margin indentation , autopalatine anterior margin concave, parhypural not contacting or slightly overlapping the hypural p...

Aucasaurus garridoi is an abelisaurid theropod from the Anacleto Formation (lower Campanian, Upper Cretaceous) of Patagonia, Argentina. The holotype of Aucasaurus garridoi includes cranial material, axial elements, and almost complete fore- and hind limbs. Here we present a detailed description of the axial skeleton of this taxon, along with some p...

Residential mobility in Prehispanic Mesoamerica is of paramount importance in bioarchaeology to determine the “how, where and why” people established biological, political and economic networks. The goal of this paper is to assess the presence of non-local people on the East Coast of the Yucatan Peninsula during the Late Postclassic (AD 1200–1540),...

Themenzuordnung: 21) Osteoporose, Osteologie und seltene Erkrankungen Fragestellung: Die Prävalenz von Osteoporose bei Männern liegt in Europa bei 9,7%. Ursächlich dafür ist häufig ein Testosteronmangel. Mehrere Studien weisen allerdings auf einen Zusammenhang von Osteoporose und der seltenen Erkrankung Hämophilie hin. Die Hämophilie ist durch den...

The descriptive and comparative osteological analysis was conducted on Bagridae catfish S. aorides based on the specimens collected from the Cauvery River Basin in Tamil Nadu. S. aorides with a supraoccipital spine that is equal to or longer than the inter-neural shield with 26 pre-caudal vertebrae and has the first dorsal fin pterygiophores that a...

Several studies have documented the occurrence of hyperostosis, a bone condition that results in bone thickening, in specimens of Trichiurus lepturus , an important commercial species. A total of 102 Hairtail fish samples from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were obtained from artisanal fishers and divided into four size classes. Biometric measurements and...

Besides living as a free-ranging primate in the horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, the hamadryas baboon has an important place in zoos and can be found in biomedical research centers worldwide. To be valuable as a non-human primate laboratory model for man, its anatomy should be portrayed in detail, allowing for the correct interpretation an...

Introduction Osteology is the detailed study of the structure of the bones. This study assesses the effectiveness of employing the 3D visualization tool Anatomage table as a learning adjunct to osteology training in first-year medical students by post-test evaluations related to the humerus, radius, and ulna bones. Method This study was conducted i...

Abstrak. Ekskavasi untuk memperoleh temuan pada situs arkeologi kadang kala mengabaikan aktivitas pengayakan (sieving). Padahal, penggunaan metode pengayakan dalam suatu ekskavasi ditujukan untuk memaksimalkan temuan dan menjawab kelimpahan data. Aktivitas dry dan wet sieving kebanyakan dilakukan dalam penelitian di situs-situs prasejarah, sedangka...

Clinical Osteology 2023; 28(3): 106-107 Kategorie: Sborník abstrakt https://www.clinicalosteology.org/casopisy/clinical-osteology/2023-3-14/posterova-sdeleni-135214

Besides living as a free-ranging primate in the horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, the hamadryas baboon has an important place in zoos and can be found in biomedical research centers worldwide. To be valuable as a non-human primate laboratory model for man, its anatomy should be portrayed in detail allowing for the correct interpretation and...

Calcanei and tali are robust, sexually dimorphic, weight-bearing foot-bones that survive well in forensic and archaeological contexts. In this study, sex estimations were conducted on calcanei and tali from the Ballumbie and St. Andrews Library mediaeval Scottish populations provided by the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, applying the Alonso-Lla...

Burial rites of archaeological populations are frequently interpreted based on cremated remains of the human body and the urn they were deposited in. In comparison to inhumations, information about the deceased is much more limited and dependent on fragmentation, selection of body regions, taphonomic processes, and excavation techniques. So far, li...

Past and present institutions (e.g., state and public hospitals, assisted living facilities, public nursing homes) have struggled with structural issues tied to patient care and neglect, which often manifests in the form of fracture trauma, and may explain why institutionalized individuals are at higher risk for this injury. Six hundred individuals...

We describe a bilateral craniodorsal dislocation of the hip joint in a free-ranging young roe buck and the associated pathological changes in the ossa coxae and femora of the animal. The highly symmetrical dislocation, which is considered to have developed secondary to hip dysplasia, caused the formation of two false acetabula that each consist of...

We report the first record of Platyclarias machadoi Poll, 1977 since its original description. This species was sampled by electrofishing in rapids on the Kwanza River upstream of Capanda Dam in Angola. Morphomet-ric and meristic data for the Kwanza River material were compared to published data from the Platyclarias type series. Osteology was comp...

Multidisciplinary research on human remains can provide important information about population dynamics, culture diffusion, as well as social organization and customs in history. In this study, multidisciplinary analyses were undertaken on a joint burial (M56) in the Shuangzhao cemetery of the Tang Dynasty (618–907 AD), one of the most prosperous d...

The present study is based on the comparative osteology among Schistura fishes with incomplete lateral line found in Meghalaya. Six species are studied for osteology, three already described ones and three unknown species. The clearing and staining of this species group showed variations and similarities in their neurocranium structure, ceratobranc...

The v