Orthogonalization - Science topic

In the field of design and application of the energy diaphragm wall (EDW), plenty of research was focused on thermal performances and induced mechanical behaviors. The coupled heat and moisture transfer process and the induced impact on the adjacent underground space were lack of attention, which is inevitable due to the high humidity of the surrou...

This paper investigates the damage mechanisms of 3D needled C/SiC composites through finite element method analysis and orthogonal turning experiments using polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tools. The results show that material can be removed in a fragmented manner due to its brittleness. The SiC ceramic matrix fractures earlier than the carbon fibers...

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is an important new research topic for 5th-generation communication-Advanced (5G-A) and 6th-generation (6G) mobile communication systems, where waveform design should be studied. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is anticipated to be more favorable in the future 5G-A and 6G ISAC systems du...

The room-temperature deformation mechanisms in a B2-precipitation-strengthened 27.3Ta–27.3Mo–27.3Ti–8Cr–10Al (at.%) body-centered cubic (BCC) refractory compositionally complex alloy (RCCA) was examined using nanoindentation under two aging conditions. Aging at 900 °C for 1 h resulted in nearly spherical B2 precipitates with an average diameter of...

We propose randomising the SOR algorithm for the linear version of the titular problem, as an example. We expect the technique proposed to find many other applications in Numerical Mathematics (especially in iterative methods: e.g. in Numerical Optimisation) - and their applications-as computational methods-across the physical, natural and social s...

From the conclusion within: this research note is about optimizing the core of humanity’s innovation system – with the USA, the UK, France, Japan, and Germany – amongst other western democracies taking the lead. It is about - optimally and scientifically - determining the key policy that drives the human race’s ability to solve problems and to crea...

Background: Stress is a significant risk factor for depression and anxiety, two highly comorbid disorders with sex differences in symptom presentation and prevalence. The Chronic Variable Stress (CVS) mouse model is a useful method for examining sex-specific susceptibility, as stress can be titrated in a sex-specific manner to produce depressive- a...

Free Space Optical (FSO) communication has proved to be a boon in wireless communication technology due to its various advantages over RF communication. In this manuscript, a dual-hop FSO downlink network with Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) scheme is considered in which mixed information from the base-station (BS) is first passed onto the re...

Memory dysfunction, a common symptom following closed head impact injuries, suggests deficits in hippocampal function. This defect is thought to be related to impact strength and individual animal weight. In this study, head impact experiments were performed on male Sprague Dawley rats to establish a quantitative relationship between impact strengt...

Although fractional calculus has evolved significantly since its origin in the 1695 correspondence between Leibniz and L'Hôpital, the numerical treatment of multi-order fractional differential equations remains a challenge. Existing methods are often either computationally expensive or reliant on complex operational frameworks that hinder their bro...

This paper aims to comprehensively implement the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11p transceiver using the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) device N321 series for teaching undergraduates. It is a standard in the 802.11 family designed explicitly for wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE). This proces...

In this paper, we present an orthogonal ghost imaging (OGI) method based on two-dimensional discrete cosine transform (2D-DCT) patterns. Unlike traditional methods that are based on random or sinusoidal patterns, our method relies on structured orthogonal patterns to enhance both image quality and reconstruction speed, outperforming random and sinu...

Addressing the issues of cleavage and low processing efficiency of the fourth-generation semiconductor material β-Ga2O3 substrate during the polishing, this study proposes an innovative global flattening processing approach based on the semiconductor properties of β-Ga2O3 and the principle of photoelectrochemical oxidation reaction. The approach in...

Windbreaks heve been utilised in rural areas worldwide as protection against strong winds. Research indicates that winds blowing orthogonally to windbreaks have the greatest effect. However, it has been reported that wind patterns have changed in many parts of the world and may continue to change in the future. In this context, it may be necessary...

This paper quantitatively explores the regulatory effects of rice husk ash content, polypropylene fiber, and steel fiber volume fractions on the mechanical properties of hybrid Fiber reinforced concrete (HFRC) through a series of orthogonal design experiments. Using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) technique, the dynamic mechanical behavior...

To address the issues of temperature cracks and water leakage in the support structure of deep and large freezing shafts in western China, high-performance concrete incorporating steel fibers and fly ash was proposed as a wall construction material. First, an orthogonal experimental design was conducted by considering three factors: concrete streng...

This project explores a generative model in which spatial structure emerges from the interference of two orthogonal time axes, interpreted as proper time and observer time. The resulting quasiperiodic field exhibits rotational symmetry and structural complexity reminiscent of quasicrystals. A Python implementation provides visualizations and animat...

Blind source separation refers to a set of techniques designed to uncover latent (i.e. directly unobservable) structures in data. Depending on user preferences and the chosen algorithm, latent components can be estimated either simultaneously or iteratively, one at a time. The latter approach is typically performed using component deflation. Howeve...

In this paper, we generalize cyclic codes to another more large linear codes, namely θ-monomial codes. It is shown that for a θ-monomial code, its Euclidean and e-Galois dual are also θ-monomial codes. Furthermore, we present the equivalence between θ-monomial codes and generalized monomial codes. By considering the skew polynomial ring, we show th...

In this paper, we propose a channel acquisition approach with time-frequency phase-shifted pilots (TFPSPs) for massive multi-input multi-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems. We first present a triple-beam (TB) based channel tensor model, allowing for the representation of the space-frequency-time (SFT) domain chann...

To construct generator of Dirac Delta function from the discrete orthogonal basis of the function space and study various properties of Dirac Delta function.

Approximate K Nearest Neighbor (AKNN) search in high-dimensional spaces is a critical yet challenging problem. In AKNN search, distance computation is the core task that dominates the runtime. Existing approaches typically use approximate distances to improve computational efficiency, often at the cost of reduced search accuracy. To address this is...

The associated Laguerre polynomials are very popular in the Schrödinger equation of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. However, the situation is quite different in the case of the Dirac equation of relativistic quantum mechanics. The exact solutions of the Dirac equation for three-dimensional (3D) hydrogen atom have been obtained using the wavefunc...

This article presents an experimental test of the effects of teaching effectiveness and grading on evaluation of lecturers by students. Although lecturers’ grading of students’ work presents a key confounding variable in studies that investigate the influence of teaching effectiveness on lecturer evaluations by students, most existing studies use c...

A novel hexagonal microtexture is proposed to enhance the cutting performance of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) tools. Three-dimensional models of both conventional and microtextured tools are developed, and the turning process is simulated using AdvantEdge finite element software. The effects of cutting force, temperature, and stress o...

Efecto del nivel de voluminoso en la recría a corral sobre el desempeño animal invierno-primavera Effect of diet roughage level during feedlot back-grounding on performance of winter-spring period Efeito do nível do volumoso na recria em confinamento sobre o desempenho animal Abstract The current study evaluated the effect of feedlot feeding calves...

For the strong nonlinearity of initial alignment with large misalignment angles of Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (SINS), improving the accuracy of the nonlinear filtering algorithm is important for navigation. In order to solve the non-local sampling problem of Cubature Kalman Filter (CKF) algorithm when the state dimension increases, the or...

From 2021 to 2023, satellite records reveal that February Antarctic sea ice extent reached record lows in 2022 and 2023. Simultaneously, the Antarctic ice sheet experienced a transient mass gain and rebounded temporarily from a decadal decline since 2002. The reasons behind these dramatic changes are unknown. Here, we show that the triple-dip La Ni...

Efecto del nivel de oferta de alimento en la recría a corral sobre el crecimiento animal y la eficiencia de conversión en el período invierno-primavera Abstract. The present evaluated the effect of feedlot feeding system and the amount of feed offered (OF) on average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) during the winter-spring season (182 day...

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of operational and design parameters on the conveying efficiency and material layer stability of air slides and to optimize the parameters of the XZ200 air slide. A gas–solid coupled simulation of the conveying process was conducted using ANSYS v2023 and Rocky v23R1 software. Three key variable...

This article gives a non-asymptotic analysis of the largest Lyapunov exponent of truncated orthogonal matrix products. We prove that as long as N, the number of terms in product, is sufficiently large, the largest Lyapunov exponent is asympototically Gaussian. Futhermore, the sum of finite Lyapunov exponent is asympototically Gaussian, where we use...

The properties of continuous orthogonal moments (COMs) play a critical role in the performance of COMs-based zero-hiding schemes. Building on a thorough analysis of radial harmonic Fourier moments (RHFMs), this paper introduces an improved RHFMs (ImRHFMs), which significantly enhances the performance of the original RHFMs. ImRHFMs are then extended...

A thorough understanding of the nature and pattern of intermolecular interactions in molecular aggregates and crystals is a prerequisite for the design of the next generation of functional materials. In systems with multiple, symmetrically equivalent molecules per unit cell, each excited state of the isolated molecule splits into several Davydov co...

We study the geometry of Riemannian metrics without conjugate points on manifolds which are diffeomorphic to \(M = \Sigma \times S^1\), where \(\Sigma\) is a compact orientable surface of genus \(g \geq 2\). This addresses a question related to the generalized Hopf conjecture: whether such metrics must necessarily exhibit a product structure on the...

Statistical manifolds, the parameter spaces of smooth families of probability density functions, are the central objects of study in information geometry. While the elementary differential geometry of Riemannian statistical manifolds is well-known, their conformal geometry remains entirely unexplored. In this article, we begin this programme of exp...

The ground settlement induced by shield tunnel construction should be carefully monitored and controlled during construction as a compulsory measurement to ensure construction safety. In the existing literature, gap parameter theory is adopted to predict ground settlement; however, the influence of slurry grouting on ground settlement during the co...

In this study, based on the escalating demand for thermally stable scale inhibitors in high-pressure/high-temperature (HPHT) water–gas reservoirs, an organic–inorganic composite scale inhibitor (CT-5) was successfully synthesized via solution polymerization-mediated in situ intercalation using acrylic acid (AA), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic...

In order to achieve precise vector control of permanent magnet synchronous motors and maintain reliability during operation, it is necessary to obtain more accurate rotor position and rotor angular velocity. However, the installation of sensors can lead to increased motor volume and cost, so it is necessary to use sensorless estimation of rotor pos...

In the String Matching in Labeled Graphs (SMLG) problem, we need to determine whether a pattern string appears on a given labeled graph or a given automaton. Under the Orthogonal Vectors hypothesis, the SMLG problem cannot be solved in subquadratic time [ICALP 2019]. In typical bioinformatics applications, pattern matching algorithms should be both...

We present orthogonality relations for quasinormal modes of a wide class of asymptotically AdS black holes. The definition is obtained from a standard product, modified by a CPT operator and placed on a complex radial contour which avoids branch points of the modes. They are inspired by existing constructions for de Sitter and Kerr spacetimes. The...

This study outlines a conceptually new approach for reconstructing the neutron scattering length density profile, Δρ(r), directly from small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) intensity profiles, I(Q). The method is built upon a universal operator A, fundamental to scattering processes, which relates I(Q) to Δρ(r) through the covariance matrix X ≡ Δρ(...

Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) uniquely express two IRE1 paralogues, IRE1α and IRE1β, whose roles in intestinal physiology are incompletely understood. We examined the individual and cooperative functions of IRE1α and IRE1β in IECs using mice using intestine-specific deletion of Ire1α or germline Ire1β deletion, and subsequently with double del...

Distributed optimization aims to leverage the local computation and communication capabilities of each agent to achieve a desired global objective. This paper addresses the distributed pose graph optimization (PGO) problem under non-convex constraints, with the goal of approximating the rotation and translation of each pose given relevant noisy mea...

A novel, triangular microwave waveform generating technique using a polarization‐multiplex optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) is proposed. The proposed method uses fundamental ( f r f ${f}_{rf}$) and triple frequency tone ( f r f ′ = 3 f r f ${f}_{rf}^{^{\prime} }=3{f}_{rf}$) signals to drive two sub‐MZMs. Thus, carrier suppression modulation along tw...

We present an energy-specific Bethe–Salpeter equation (BSE) implementation for efficient core and valence optical spectrum calculations. In the energy-specific BSE, high-lying excitation energies are obtained by constructing trial vectors and expanding the subspace targeting excitation energies above the predefined energy threshold in the Davidson...

The growing demand for flexible electronic devices in diverse applications has driven increased attention to conductive polymer‐based materials. In this study, we fabricated composite hydrogel fibers with excellent conductivity and sensing stability via wet spinning using sodium polyacrylate (PAAS), sodium alginate (SA), and graphene oxide (GO). Th...

A fractional extension of the integrable Toda lattice with decaying data on the line is obtained. Completeness of squared eigenfunctions of a linear discrete real tridiagonal eigenvalue problem is derived. This completeness relation allows nonlinear evolution equations expressed in terms of operators to be written in terms of underlying squared eig...

We present a cryogenic composite thin-disk oscillator based on a holmium-doped yttrium lithium fluoride (Ho:YLF) crystal that we believe is for the first time, with a hundred-watt-level near diffraction-limited laser output. Integrating the multi-pass pumping configuration and the cryogenic cooling technique, a maximum power of 128 W was achieved w...

Deep‐learning (DL) methods have shown promising performance in pioneering studies on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) channel estimation challenges. Unlike typical DL‐based channel estimation methods that mainly rely on separate real and imaginary inputs while ignoring the inherent correlation between the two streams, this paper pr...

Emotion detection stands as a pivotal approach for extracting unbiased insights from textual documents. This process empowers business experts to identify areas of improvement and bolster key facets of their operations. Given that every online customer post holds the potential to influence the market and consumer behaviour, the significance of emot...

To address the problem of excessive ablation in conventional laser processing caused by the inhomogeneous energy distribution at the focal point, along with the inherent heterogeneity and surface irregularities of textile materials, a new method for laser printing elastic bandage fabrics was developed. We used flat top light sources, short focal fi...

In this paper, we utilize a downlink hybrid Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) framework to support multiple semantic and bit users within the communication network. The hybrid NOMA setup exploits both NOMA and Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) which has the benefit of enhancing Spectral Efficiency (SE) by allowing users to dynamically access the...

In recent years, levitated optomechanics has delivered on the promise of reaching the motional quantum ground state. An important next milestone of the field would be the generation of mechanical entanglement. An ideal candidate is the two-dimensional motion in the polarization plane of an optical tweezer inside an optical cavity, where optical and...

Three‐component alkene difunctionalization reactions constitute an ideal platform to rapidly build molecular complexity, enabling the simultaneous introduction of two distinct, orthogonal functional groups into the C═C bond in a single step. Herein, a photoredox catalyzed Ritter‐type carboamidation of electronically diverse styrenes harnessing non‐...

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have emerged as a key technology for shaping smart wireless environments in next-generation wireless communication systems. To support the large-scale deployment of RISs, a reliable and efficient diagnostic method is essential to ensure optimal performance. In this work, a robust and efficient approach for...

In this work we present the proof-of-concept of what we believe to be a novel liquid-crystal compact and transmissive device useful to generate cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) of tunable topological charge. The device combines two adaptive spiral phase plates (ASPP) in orthogonal directions and a quarter-wave plate (QWP). Each ASPP relies on a spec...

The muon optimizer has picked up much attention as of late as a possible replacement to the seemingly omnipresent Adam optimizer. Recently, care has been taken to document the scaling laws of hyper-parameters under muon such as weight decay and learning rate. However, at much larger scales the iterative orthogonalization procedure present in muon m...

This paper proposes a novel approach for resource allocation in Non Orthogonal Multiple Access Cognitive Radio Networks, named Enabled Stackelberg Pairing and Allocation (CRN-NOMA-ESPA) technique. This study comprehensively addresses the major resource allocation challenges of spectral efficiency, user fairness, and interference management in the p...

In this paper, we present a circularly polarized (CP) printed dipole array antenna (CP-PDA) with fractal-inspired dipole arms and parasitic elements in the form of stairs. By stacking five ellipses with increasing radiuses to form the semifractal dipole arms, the antenna’s effective electrical length and bandwidth are enhanced while maintaining com...

Terahertz vortex fields hold immense potential for wideband, high‐capacity wireless communication. However, existing functional devices face challenges such as the lack of multi‐channel multiplexing and active control capabilities. Here, a magneto‐optical dielectric spiral metasurface that enables the generation and active rotation of vortex fields...

This study proposes a Deep Collaborative Dual-Tower Model (DCDT) to address the issue of insufficient feature interaction in multi-modal recommendation systems for educational scenarios. Through three key innovations, DCDT achieves precise recommendation of teaching resources: First, we construct a dual-path heterogeneous encoder that uses orthogon...

This paper presents a circularly polarized (CP) microstrip patch antenna with high gain and compact size characteristics. For high gain radiation, the principle is to employ high-order mode patch. By using diagonal feed and unequal center crossed slot, two orthogonal modes including TM03 and TM30 modes are generated with equal magnitude and 90∘ pha...

To achieve multi-band coverage within limited space, reduce antenna types, and enhance communication capabilities, an eight-unit dual-band 5G MIMO antenna array is proposed based on a monopole structure. The antenna operates in two frequency bands (3.23–4.14 GHz and 4.31–5.3 GHz), covering the n78 and n79 bands for 5G applications. The dual-band an...

We study the invertibility of nonlinear dynamical systems from the perspective of contraction and incremental stability analysis and propose a new invertible recurrent neural model: the BiLipREN. In particular, we consider a nonlinear state space model to be robustly invertible if an inverse exists with a state space realisation, and both the forwa...

β-Ga2O3 air bridges on (100) substrates were fabricated through a self-aligning process that used conventional anisotropic BCl3/Ar-plasma etching and crystallographic plasma-free HCl gas etching. The former etching can be done as vertical etching to expose the etched sidewalls, whereas the latter etching enables horizontal etching that is aligned w...

Non-Hermitian dynamics in quantum systems preserves the rank of the state density operator. Using this insight, we develop a geometric framework to describe its time evolution. In particular, we identify mutually orthogonal coherent and incoherent directions and provide their physical interpretation. This understanding enables us to optimize the su...

Ceramic armor is extensively used in both military and civilian protection systems due to its high hardness and exceptional impact resistance, providing effective defense against ballistic threats. Enhancing the protective performance of Al2O3 ceramic/UHMWPE composite armor through bio-inspired structural optimization has emerged as a promising app...

Managing massive data flows effectively and resolving spectrum shortages are two challenges that Smart Grid Communication Networks (SGCN) must overcome. To address these problems, we provide a combined optimization approach that makes use of Cognitive Radio (CR) and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) technologies. Our work focuses on using user...

This article explores the fixed point theorem for a novel class of interpolative relation theoretical convex mappings in TVS-valued cone metric spaces, integrating relational theory, convexity, and interpolation properties to offer fresh perspectives and possible uses in theoretical and applied mathematics. An application of the results to differen...

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation (OFDM-IM) is shown to be an efficient modulation scheme for underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) systems due to its high power efficiency and excellent flexibility. Differing from conventional OFDM, the modulation parameters of OFDM-IM consist of not only M-ary constellati...

We systematically investigated the anchorage performance of self-drilling anchor bolts in strongly weathered dolomite through integrated field pull-out tests and FLAC3D numerical modeling. The study incorporates symmetry principles in both experimental design and numerical simulations to ensure balanced force distribution and model simplification....

This paper presents a goal-oriented a posteriori error estimation framework for linear functionals in the stabilized finite element discretization of the stationary convection-diffusion-reaction (CDR) equation. The theoretical framework for error estimation is based on the variational multiscale (VMS) concept, where the solution is decomposed into...

With the rapid growth of sensor technology and computer vision, efficient deep learning models are essential for real-time image feature extraction in resource-constrained environments. However, most existing quantized deep neural networks (DNNs) are highly sensitive to outliers, leading to severe performance degradation in low-precision settings....

In Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Multiple-Input Multiple-Output-OFDM (MIMO-OFDM) systems, estimating Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) is a critical challenge, particularly in degraded channel conditions where traditional methods struggle with precision and adaptability. This comparative study views various existing CFO estimat...

Structural damage detection is crucial for ensuring the safety and durability of engineering systems. Conventional detection methods based on the frequency response function (FRF) in linear systems tend to fail when small early damage occurs in engineered structures. Nonlinear output frequency response functions (NOFRFs), which are extensions of th...

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has garnered significant scientific and public health concern owing to its capacity for deep penetration into the human respiratory system, presenting significant health risks. Despite the implementation of strict environmental policies in China over the past decade to reduce PM2.5 levels, long-term public health con...

Laser-driven capacitor coils are widely used to generate intense magnetic fields for various applications in high-energy-density physics research. Accurate measurement of the magnetic fields is essential but challenging, due to the overlapping contributions from magnetic and electric fields in proton radiography, which is the primary tool diagnosin...

We report on the possibility to obtain a high-quality inverted Doppler-free resonance in D1 line of alkali-metal atoms in the single-frequency regime. The counter-propagating optical fields with linear and mutually orthogonal polarizations and the transition Fg=I+1/2 --> Fe=I-1/2 are proposed to the use. We establish the best possible nuclear spin...

Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is a cryptographic protocol based on the principles of quantum mechanics, used for the secure distribution and reconstruction of secret information among multiple participants. This paper presents a quantum secret sharing protocol for multi-party to multi-party scenarios, utilizing orthogonal product states. In this pro...

Plain Language Summary Understanding the focal mechanism of an earthquake, which indicates fault movement and geometry, is essential to understanding the earthquake process. We propose a method for estimating focal mechanisms using data from a novel fiber‐optic sensing technique called distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). This technique allows a sin...