Ore Deposits - Science topic

Published Sn isotope data along with 150 new analyses of cassiterite and four granite analyses constrain two major tin isotope fractionation steps associated with (1) separation of tin from the magma/orthomagmatic transitional environment and (2) hydrothermal activity. A distinct Sn isotope difference across deposit type, geological host rocks, and...

The selection of an appropriate mining method, along with the corresponding machinery, is a crucial and highly strategic decision in the field of mining engineering. This decision directly influences the efficiency, safety, and economic viability of a mining operation. An optimal combination of mining techniques and equipment is essential to ensure...

Sulfosalts are known to be commonly found in the majority of hydrothermal Au-Ag deposits, giving important information about the evolution of the mineralization and the physicochemical properties of the hydrothermal fluid. The Săcărâmb epithermal Au-Ag-Te ore deposit located in the South Apuseni Mountains, Romania, is one of the most known tellurid...

W artykule opisano dzieje eksploatacji złoża rudy żelaza w rejonie wzgórza Kózki na północ od Daleszyc, prowadzonej w latach 1856-1862 przez właścicielkę zakładu wielkopiecowego w Szczecnie. Opisany przypadek stanowi rzadki przykład prac wydobywczych realizowanych przez prywatnego inwestora w obrębie dóbr rządowych, z czym wiąże się relatywnie obsz...

smelting slags and ores (e.g., Bérard et al., 2020; Disser et al., 2016; Leroy et al., 2012; Stepanov et al., 2020). The slag inclusion method is most suitable when the centres of ancient iron smelting are known and the smelting of ores near the ore deposits can be assumed. However, if the ores were smelted at a significant distance from the deposi...

Discovered within the North Himalayan Metallogenic Belt (NHMB), the Zhaxikang Pb–Zn–Ag–Sb deposit stands as the sole super-large scale ore deposit in the region. This deposit holds significant quantities of Pb and Zn (2.066 million tons at 6.38% average grade), Ag (2661 tons at an average of 101.64 g/t), and Sb (0.235 million tons at 1.14% average...

The article assesses the transformation of the chemical composition of surface waters in the southeastern part of the Khibiny mountain massif after the beginning of development of the Oleniy Ruchey apatite-nepheline ore deposit in 2012. The influence of the Oleniy Ruchey Mine was reflected in an increase in water mineralization (by an order of magn...

The new mineral nannoniite, Al2(OH)5F (Z=4), has been discovered in the Cetine di Cotorniano mine, Chiusdino, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. It occurs as spherical aggregates formed by micrometre-sized crystals, colourless to white in colour, with a white streak and a vitreous to earthy lustre. Fluorescence is bluish-yellow and yellowish-white under short-...

He was one of the most outstanding mining geologists, who also had a solid academic and teaching career. Andrés combines a successful experience in mining with the discovery of important mineral deposits such as Pachón and Pascua Lama, large copper-gold ores associated with porphyry systems, and a simple personality with an unusual scientific talen...

The significant metallogenic belt in the Chinese Eastern Tianshan hosts a series of magmatic Cu-Ni ores, with Baixintan being one of the key deposits located in the western region, offering an excellent opportunity to explore the evolution of Cu-Ni mineralization systems. However, detailed studies on the processes responsible for the post-mineraliz...

The physicochemical signatures of fluid-rock interaction, recorded in fluid inclusions, represent fundamental proxies for understanding the interplay between rock deformation, fluid migration, and ore deposit formation in the Earth’s crust. Although fluid-rock interaction can take place simultaneously or sequentially both in the basement and the co...

Fluids are an important component of a mineralizing system, leaching, transporting and concentrating the metals that ultimately make up an ore deposit. The extensive geochemical and mineralogical footprint of a fluid is often used to vector towards potential localized mineralization. The Central African Copperbelt (CACB) records a >250 Myr history...

This chapter is a tutorial illustrating the methods used to create thermochemical models for sulfide solid solutions focusing on the sulfosalt fahlore ≈ (Cu,Ag)10(Fe,Zn)2(Sb,As)4S(13 − x) with S vacancies 0 ≤ x < 3 and the common sulfide sphalerite (Zn,Fe)S. The formulation and calibration of the thermochemical model for sulfur vacancy-free fahlore...

The Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB) is a volcanic and shale-hosted massive sulfides world-class province of the Upper Paleozoic age that includes some supergiant ore deposits with a unique mining operations history. An extensive soil (multi-element) geochemical survey in the IPB has been performed to create a geochemical database to increase the knowledg...

The present article is devoted to the issue of studying the patterns of displacement of superincumbent rock over panels of a mine obtained using advanced seismic technologies, allowing for the study of the boundaries of caving zones in the depths of rock mass. A seismic exploration has been performed in local areas of Zhomart mine responsible for t...

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The Dongzhongla deposit is a skarn-type lead–zinc ore deposit located in the eastern segment of the Gangdese metallogenic belt, situated in the Xizang province, China. The high-altitude mountainous terrain of the region poses significant challenges to ground-based exploration. To facilitate more accurate mineral exploration in the deposit and its s...

The interaction between aluminum (hydr)oxides and inorganic substances has received widespread attention in the fields of ore deposit geochemistry, mineral processing, and environmental protection [...]

This volume contains 52 abstracts and keynote abstracts presented at the 3a International Conference on Tourmaline (TUR2021), held on Elba Island, Italy, from 9 to 11 September 2021 (https://www.tur2021.com). The Conference has been organized along with the sponsorship of SIMP (Italian Society of Mineralogy and Petrology), and support of the Sapien...

The present research's main objective was to apply thorough exploration approaches that combine remote sensing data with geochemical sampling and analysis to predict and identify potential chromitite locations in a complex geological site, particularly in rugged mountainous terrain, and differentiate the ultramafic massif containing chromitite oreb...

The Bacteroidota bacterium, Chryseobacterium sp. strain PMSZPI isolated from sub-surface soil of uranium ore deposit was shown to move on solid surfaces via gliding motility resulting in the formation of thin spreading colonies. In this study, we attempted to understand the influence of the surfaces, soft or hard/rigid, on the motility behaviour of...

. Discovery and Origin of Names 2. MANGANESE GEOCHEMISTRY 3. MANGANESE MINERALOGY 4. PROPERTIES OF MANGANESE 5. MANGANESE APPLICATIONS 5.1. Applications of Manganese Ore in the Steel Industry 5.2. Applications of Manganese Ore in the Chemical Industry 5.3. Applications of Manganese Ore in the Manufacture of Dry Cell Batteries 5.4. Other Applicatio...

INTRODUCTION 1.1. Discovery and Origin of Names 2. MANGANESE GEOCHEMISTRY 3. MANGANESE MINERALOGY 4. PROPERTIES OF MANGANESE 5. MANGANESE APPLICATIONS 5.1. Applications of Manganese Ore in the Steel Industry 5.2. Applications of Manganese Ore in the Chemical Industry 5.3. Applications of Manganese Ore in the Manufacture of Dry Cell Batteries 5.4....

Analyzing the geographic distribution of ore deposits is crucial in understanding global resource availability, economic implications, and environmental impacts of mining activities. This article examines the distribution patterns of various ore types worldwide, highlighting their economic significance and current mining status. Utilizing tools suc...

Though sphalerite is a common mineral in hydrothermal ore mineralization, there are still several open questions in terms of its mineralogical characterization. Many elements may appear in its structure such as Fe, Mn, Cu, Cd, Co, Hg, Ga, Ge, Ag, In, Tl, Se, etc. and some of them may correlate with the formation conditions (e.g., the amount of Fe s...

A serra do Curral tem cerca de 100 km e materializa o limite norte do QF, abrigando importantes depósitos de minério de ferro, como Córrego do Meio, Águas Claras, Jangada, Ipê/Tico-Tico, Serra Azul e MUSA. Na serra Azul foram reconhecidos dois domínios (norte e sul), com predomínio de itabiritos carbonáticos magnetíticos na porção sul e silicosos n...

O Chapadão do Canga está localizado na borda leste do QF, a norte de Santa Rita Durão, no muncípio de Mariana-MG e é limitado a oeste pelo rio Piracicaba e a leste pelo córrego Faria. Forma platôs sobre os sedimentos argilo-arenosos da Fm. Fonseca, depositada no Oligoceno (34 – 23Ma), sobre gnaisses do Complexo Santa Bárbara e metassedimentos paleo...

Altered and gangue quartz in hydrothermal veins from the Kubi Gold deposit in Dunkwa on Offin in the central region of Ghana are investigated for possible Au-associated indicator minerals and to provide the understanding and increase the knowledge of the mineral hosting and alteration processes in quartz. X-ray diffraction, air annealing furnace, d...

On The Sechahoon iron ore mine located in Yazd Province, since most of iron ore deposit is placed at the bottom of water table, a complete study about the hydrogeology around open pit of mine is necessary. In this regards, by using surface geological data and the existing sections, and use information from boreholes drilled in the area build a thre...

The dominant sulfide minerals of the Pb-Zn deposit Sastavci are arsenopyrite, galena, and sphalerite. Oxidation of arsenopyrite can lead to the release of arsenic, a highly toxic environmental element. Oxidation products of arsenopyrite and other sulfides, present in the ores themselves as well as on the surfaces of samples, were analyzed by the OL...

The Gakara rare-earth ore deposit in Burundi is the only operating rare-earth mine in Africa and one of the richest rare-earth deposits in the world with an in-situ content of 47 to 67% rare-earth oxides (REO). However, although the country has significant mineral resources, Burundi has not yet developed a mining industry and even the Kabezi rare-e...

The results of the study of the lateral distribution of the average content of ilmenite in the weathered crust, Middle Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous deluvial-alluvial deposits and productive deposits that combine eluvial and deluvial-alluvial deposits are presented. The relationship between the thickness and the average content of ilmenite in ore-beari...

Detecting an economic ore deposit which has higher quality in comparison to existing deposits, is the most principal scope of mineral exploration targeting. Also, detection of several strategic ores such as U, Li, Pb, Zn, Al, Ni, Co, Cd and so on which provide energy and material required of industries, is the significant key for countries’ progres...

European iron ore production is primarily sourced from magnetite dominated iron oxide-apatite ore deposits in the northern Norrbotten ore province of northernmost Sweden. The Malmberget iron oxide-apatite deposit is at present the largest iron ore resource in Europe and is an amphibolite facies grade analogue of the world-famous Kiirunavaara iron o...

The potential mobility and availability of trace elements in sediments/soils is commonly assessed via selective extractions. In this work, three contrasting sediments, i.e., Rhine riverbank sediment, alkaline volcanic heavy mineral sand, and mine tailings from a Mississippi-valley type ore deposit, are extracted with an oxalate-based solution and c...

The article presents the scientific and practical results of research and assessment of mineral reserves based on automated geo-information system support using the example of the Novokostiantyniv uranium ore deposit. This will ensure the creation of databases of mining-geological and mining-technological conditions of mining operations with the us...

The viability of new mining operations depends on accurately evaluating mineral resources. Geostatistical methods are essential in providing accurate mineral resource estimation due to their ability to quantify estimation uncertainties and their ability to take spatial correlation into account. The study aims to model the orebody of the Gofolo Hill...

The amazonite-quartz-albite pegmatite body of Ploskaya Mt intrudes the metavolcanic complex of the Keivy terrane (Kola Peninsula) and is unique in its diversity and set of ore and accessory Y-Yb-Ta-Nb-Be-Pb-F mineralization. The studied zircon grains have a heterogeneous structure associated with the presence of relics of primary zircon (lighter in...

Fluoride and nitrate contamination in groundwater is a global concern due to their toxicity and associated negative health effects. This study incorporated a comprehensive methodology, including hydrogeochemical analysis, drinking and irrigation water quality assessment, source apportionment, and health risk estimation of groundwater fluoride and n...

Extensional tectonics along NE-trending faults, coupled with diapirism, created paleo-highs and subsiding basins, providing the structural framework for subsequent mineralization processes. The preservation of organic matter within the Fahdene and Bahloul Cretaceous formations during the Anoxic Oceanic Events (AOE-1 and AOQ-2) facilitated the extra...

Seven samples were selected from various facies of geological formations intersected by the drill holes for petrographic analysis, supplemented by diffractometry. The goal was to identify the mineralogical composition of Banded Iron Formations (BIFs), the associated parageneses, and elements deleterious to the metallurgical processing of iron ore....

The results of studies on the content of aluminum and heavy metals in benthic sediments and algae in the estuaries of the Arctic island Vaygach are presented. This island is located on the Barents and Kara Sea border, and it is part of the Pay-Khoi ridge which can be called a “continuation” of the Ural Mountains to the north. The observations were...

The article presents brief information on the geological structure of the Trostyanytsky ilmenite deposit, which is located in the northern part of the Volodarsk-Volyn massif of rocks of the main composition of the Korosten pluton. Within the deposit, ilmenite deposits are localized in the weathered crust of the basement crystalline rocks and in th...

The demand for Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) in the last years brought the need for systematic and large-scale prospecting in fast and efficient ways. Recent studies highlighted the discrete structural control displayed by two types of ore deposits of SW Sardinia: a) mixed sulphides (Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe) skarn deposits with variable contents of W-Sn-Bi,...

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, offer several advantages over traditional piloted aircraft. They are characterized by enhanced safety, cost-effectiveness, and the ability to operate in closer proximity to targeted sources. Consequently, magnetic sensors have been adapted or specifically designed for integration onto UAV p...

The Mamelles iron ore deposit is located some 20 km south-east of the Kribi area at the northwestern edge of the Congo Craton in southern Cameroon. The deposit comprises massive high-grade magnetite orebodies hosted by banded iron formations (BIF) of the Nyong Complex. The BIF in this deposit are associated with amphibolites and gneisses. Within th...

In the present study, we evaluated a method of joint inversion in which audio-magnetotelluric (AMT) and dual frequency induced polarization (DFIP) data sets are inverted simultaneously to produce a consistent 2D resistivity model to show a clear image of subsurface structures. To achieve the objectives, we conducted AMT and DFIP surveys first on th...

Despite the growing concern regarding post-mineralization thermo-tectonic processes in recent years, the relative roles in exhuming and preserving ore deposits remain highly controversial. This study presents new apatite fission track and (U-Th)/He data from the Xishimen iron skarn deposit in the Handan-Xingtai district, central North China Craton....

The concealed Molai Zn-Pb±(Ag,Ge) stratiform deposit in southeastern Peloponnese is hosted in Triassic intermediate tuffs, ignimbrites and subaerial andesitic flows. The host rocks display trace element signatures of a Supra-Subduction Zone (SSZ) setting. Three ore-forming stages are recognized, with stages I and II related to formation of the epig...

Several layers of spatial geoscience information including lithological, geophysical, geochemical, and alteration data are increasingly utilised in ore deposit exploration as geochemical pathfinders. These data can provide an insight into ores from various deposit types and to guide the exploration strategy. We discuss the integration of various da...

The study of lithium (Li), gallium (Ga), and rare earth elements (REY) within coal-bearing strata represents a cutting-edge concern in coal geology, ore deposit studies, and metallurgy research. With the rapid advancement of technology and emerging industries, the global demand for Li-Ga-REY has significantly escalated. Several countries worldwide...

Some critical metals, namely, Te, Se, Bi, Sn, W, Mo, etc. could often be found in ores of Au-Ag deposits and have potential for extraction as by-products and/or indicators during gold exploration. In particular, Sn- W-, and Mo- bearing minerals in sub-economic amounts are typical for some (but possible missed in others) intermediate to high sulfida...

The Kebbouch South Pb-Zn ore deposit is situated in the Triassic Diapirs zone of the Tunisian Atlas. It comprises two primary ore types with differing mineral assemblages. Type 1 stratabound ores are hosted in the Triassic to Cretaceous transition breccia zone (caprock). These ores are characterized by mineralization comprising marcasite, pyrite, g...

Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) have emerged as one of the key players in the field of heavy metal-contaminated environmental bioremediation. This study aimed to characterize and evaluate the metal biosorption potential of EPS produced by a novel Psychrobacillus strain, NEAU-3TGS, isolated from an iron ore deposit at Tamra iron mine, northern Tu...

To meet the growing global demand for metal resources, new ore deposit discoveries are required. However, finding new high-grade deposits, particularly those not exposed at the Earth's surface, is very challenging. Therefore, understanding the geodynamic controls on the mineralizing processes can help identify new areas for exploration. Here we foc...

This study delves into the brief geological, mineralogical and geochemical aspects of iron deposits in the Jol Khand region of Balochistan, Pakistan. The Jol Khand iron ore deposit is situated within the Middle part of the Late Cretaceous Sinjrani Volcanic Group, constituting a significant component of the Chagai arc. The arc, extending approximate...

The Panjshir Fe-Polymetallic ore deposit is a valuable geological resource in Afghanistan, rich in iron and multiple essential metallic minerals, with substantial potential for industrial development. The exploration phase faces challenges related to the complex geological settings, high variability of mineral compositions, and the need for advance...

Iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposits, also known as magnetite-apatite or Kiruna-type deposits, are a major source of iron and potentially of rare earth elements and phosphorus. To date, the youngest representative of this group is the Pleistocene (~2 Ma) El Laco deposit, located in the Andean Cordillera of northern Chile. El Laco is con- sidered a uni...

Trace element signatures are tracked to unravel the genetic history of ore deposits in several mineral systems. This is particularly true for pyrite, a ubiquitous component of many ore-forming systems, including orogenic gold deposits. Here, we critically compare the efficacy of utilizing Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) versus...

Mud rushes from the caved rock zone pose a danger to mining operations. Large ore deposits that are mined using sublevel caving systems are susceptible to this problem. The difficult hydrogeological conditions of the Sokolov iron ore deposit (Sokolov-Sarbay ore zone, Republic of Kazakhstan) necessitated the construction of a complex drainage system...

Outcrope of MnO2 and ferrosilicon ore deposit in central part of a Mn mine in West of Nehbandan city in east of Iran

The developed world is rapidly running out of minerals. To address this, attention is steadily shifting to Africa and other less developed continents to supply the necessary ores to help save it. The beneficiation of Kuluki wolframite ore, Bauchi state, Nigeria was aimed at being one such saving effort. This research investigated and compared the e...

The study of the fluid inclusions of W–Mo deposits in the mineralization area of Ningshan–Zhen’an , Shaanxi Province, China shows that the gas–liquid two-phase inclusions are mainly present in W–Mo deposits, and the ore-forming fluid can be divided into four types: high-temperature type, middle–high-temperature type, middle-temperature type and low...

(This field trip was organized as the excursion course B in the 131st annual meeting of the Geological Society of Japan. The field trip guide was written in Japanese, so the abstract below was translated from the original Japanese text.) This field trip focuses on the altered volcanic successions distributed in the Zao Mine area, located in the up...

Considering the increasing need for rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) to support the transition to a green economy, the concentration and distribution of REY within the Late Devonian orebodies at the polymetallic Mount Pleasant Mine are being examined. These deposits are linked to the cupolas of evolved A-type granite intrusions: the fine-grain...

The present study probes into the geological and geographical trends of lead-zinc ore occurrences in India, with a focus on the correlation between mineral presence and administrative demarcations. Through the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology, our objective was to chart out the dispersal of these deposits, scrutinize t...

Deep‐marine brine seeps in the modern ocean are considered analogs for settings that favored the formation of sedimentary‐exhalative zinc and lead deposits in deep time. Microbial activity plays an important role in the accumulation of ore minerals, meaning that the extent of mineralization is at least indirectly dependent on nutrient fluxes. Here,...

Manganese ore deposits are one of the most widely used metal alloys in everyday life. Generally, manganese ore deposits are present as residual deposits along with iron ore at certain pH and Eh conditions. These deposits can come from the chemical weathering of crystalline schist, limestone, and dolomite rocks or earlier manganese deposits. In Lamp...

Im Schwazer Bergbaurevier Ringenwechsel bei Rotholz im Unterinntal konnte eine Schlackenhalde untersucht werden, die über dendrochronologische Analysen in die Mitte des 12. Jahrhunderts n. Chr. datiert. Hier wurden wahrscheinlich versuchsweise und in kleinem Maßstab Fahlerze verhüttet mit dem Ziel, das vorhandene Potential der lokalen Erzvorkommen...

Porphyry-type Cu ± Au ± Mo deposits form in the upper (ca. 2–5 km deep) parts of large, long-lived magmatic-hydrothermal systems in which mineralising fluids are thought to be derived from mid-to shallow-crustal magma chambers. Increasingly, however, magmatic systems are viewed as consisting of mush with minor and transient lenses of magma, with mu...

Mineral resource modeling is always accompanied by challenges. It is pivotal to increase accuracy and reduce modeling errors in resource modeling. This research aims at improving the resource modeling results using auxiliary variables for estimation and simulation processes. For this purpose, the Darreh-Ziarat iron ore deposit in the west of Iran i...

The objective of this work was the application of innovative method for metals recovery from metalliferous mine water released from the flooded siderite ore deposit Nižná Slaná. Although the metals contained in mine drainage are considered environmental pollutants, they may also be recognised as valuable resources. Several techniques can be used to...