Oil and Gas industry - Science topic

The primary objective of this study is to design an employee performance management model with a human resource development approach in research and technology organizations, with a specific focus on the Research Institute of Petroleum Industry. The research follows a mixed-methods approach (qualitative-quantitative). In addition to a document revi...

Geopolitical risks (GPR) can affect the prices of natural resources, which are crucial for survival and sustainable economies. Based on the TVP-VAR-BK models, this paper examines the asymmetric risk contagion between geopolitical risk, bulk energy, and chemical commodity from a time-frequency perspective. The results show that the risk contagion of...

Meeting the growing demands for accuracy, resolution and response time of high-pressure microsensors applicated in ocean science and petroleum industry, this paper developed a silicon resonant high pressure microsensor based on volume compressed sensing with dual resonators supported by micro beams. In operation, the frequency of resonators shifts...

Despite recent advancements in coupled flow and geomechanics simulation, the visualization of coupled flow and geomechanics simulation results remains limited to 2D screen presentations of 3D simulation results. So, engineers typically take multiple cross-sections to obtain insights into the changes in relevant variables in the simulation domain. T...

Accurately estimating the Rate of Penetration (ROP) in drilling operations remains a significant challenge due to the limitations of traditional approaches, which are often characterized by low accuracy and reliance on empirical equations with assumed coefficients. These methods, while optimized for specific fields, often fail to generalize across...

This paper proposes a research framework based on semi-hierarchical control, analyzes the mechanism of gas instead of oil in China’s logistics industry, and uses several forecasting methods to forecast. The research findings include that: (1) the driving mechanism of substitution of natural gas for gasoline and diesel indicates that natural gas is...

The petroleum industry today is at crossroads of unprecedented challenges, where rapidly evolving global geo-political landscapes, changing demands, climate uncertainty, and technology developments are creating friction in the traditional way of work. Historically, the petroleum industry is over 150 years old, and it has been predominantly led by W...

The Al-Diwaniyah refinery conducts this study to investigate the effects of blending light and heavy naphtha on the octane number and sulfur content of mixed naphtha, a critical intermediate in gasoline production. Using the Box–Behnken design in Minitab, the study carefully looks at how operational variables like top temperature (110–125 °C), flow...

In the search for low-carbon emission fuel, nations worldwide are looking to use green hydrogen to transition into a carbon-free economy along with traditional renewable energy technology. In the present scenario, hydrogen production costs are higher due to various factors; one such factor is determining the best location for hydrogen production. T...

Oil and gas contracting has emerged as a very critical area of research in petroleum industry. While the industry is a beehive of contracting, it has often used Joint Operating Agreements (JOAs). The reasons for usage of JOAs in oil and gas industry is pedigreed on volatility and risky endeavor of the industry. The study has argued the concept of J...

Natural interfacially active substances in heavy oil induce phenomena such as emulsification, deposition, hyperviscosity, and clogging through interfacial behaviors including adsorption, aggregation, and self‐assembly, significantly impacting extraction and transportation processes in the petroleum industry. Although the macroscopic behaviors have...

This presentation articulates different terminologies of fuzzy mathematical approaches and decision-making techniques for handling vague-type human opinions. To achieve this purpose, we explore a novel approach of circular pythagorean fuzzy set (Cr-PyFS), which is an extended framework of intuitionistic and pythagorean fuzzy sets. A Cr-PyFS express...

Oil well cement is a cement commonly used in the petroleum industry, especially in cementing operations. This cement is a type of Portland cement and is anhydrous, meaning that the components in the cement will break up and form hydrate components when meeting water and then slowly harden. In the preparation of cement suspensions and during cementi...

The oil and natural gas industries are vital to both the global and Philippine economies, providing essential energy sources. The Philippine oil sector is highly competitive, with oil demand projected to grow 3.4% annually from 2022 to 2031 (Neil, 2023). Petron and Shell are among the "Big Three" in the industry, with market shares of 23.19% and 15...

This research examined the connection between Bitcoin, the prominent and extensively mined cryptocurrency, and CO2 emissions using the SVAR model. Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia, the three main countries in the Caspian Basin that are the centre of cryptocurrency mining, were examined in terms of their primary industries. The variance decomposit...

One of the main environmental challenges of the oil and natural gas industry is the proper disposal of large volumes of water produced during extraction. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of applying dilutions of produced water on the morphometric and nutritional characteristics of sunflower. The experiment was carr...

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy leverages nuclear magnetization to probe molecules' chemical environment, structure, and dynamics, with applications spanning from pharmaceuticals to the petroleum industry. Despite its utility, the high cost of NMR instrumentation, operation and the lengthy duration of experiments necessitate the devel...

Currently, as the production of light crude oil is reaching its peak, the focus of the petroleum industry is shifting towards significant amount of heavy oil to meet the increasing need for energy and fuels. Heavy oil is typically categorized by its high density, great viscosity with small API gravity, high hetero-atom content and limited low boili...

This paper was presented at the International School of Hydrocarbon Measurement for a training class regarding spread spectrum communication technology, in the Natural Gas Industry.

The study examines the petroleum laws, regulations, and sustainable development in Nigeria, Norway, and Saudi Arabia. It analyses the different perspectives of the oil and gas industries in these countries, and the impact of their laws, policies, and regulations on sustainable development. The study adopts a doctrinal legal research methodology...

In rift basins, the vertical development and distribution of hydrocarbon source rocks show a makeable variability tightly linking to the tectono-stratigraphic interaction and evolution. This is also highly focused for petroleum industry, which is posing challenges for systematic hydrocarbon accumulation patterns. In the Zhu-1 Sub-basin of the Pearl...

With the rapid development of natural gas industry, the construction of gas storage capacity enters a golden period. In China, however, high-quality resources for building underground gas storage (UGS) are becoming increasingly scarce, so it is urgent to actively explore a new mode of gas storage capacity construction. Use of producing or newly d...

DATA STRATEGIES & ARCHITECTURES IN PETROLEUM INDUSTRY 1. To what extent, the concept of data-lake (a gigantic storage system that holds actual unstructured data in its native format secured directly from field and experimental investigations) would be able to enable a unique scalability and flexibility, particularly, to be applied for big data app...

DIGITAL OIL FIELD 1. Whether digital twin technologies and remote monitoring solutions are gaining importance towards simulating real-field scenarios and optimizing field operations? 2. Oil prices dipping below $60 a barrel: Will it support major oil importing countries? On the contrary, whether oil companies will be able to make a profit, if th...

Data Science in Petroleum Industry 1. Can petro-physical data be regarded as big data? 2. Can we confidently employ ANN (over Multiple Linear Regression and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System) towards estimating permeability from conventional well logs? Does ANN not have the issue of slow convergence and trapping @ local minima? 3. Can machine...

I extend my heartfelt appreciation to the global community of engineers, researchers, professionals, and students who have engaged with the Petroleum Refining Design & Applications Handbook Volumes 1–5. Reaching 800 reads is not just a milestone—it is a meaningful affirmation of the collective pursuit of excellence in the ever-evolving landscape of...

Natural gas (NG) is a key transitional energy source for clean energy transition. Against the backdrop of a grim climate change situation, the sustainable development of the Chinese NG industry is emphasized. Climate change disclosure (CCD) has become an important way for corporations to fulfill their social responsibility and demonstrate their cap...

Surfactants play a vital role in oil and gas applications, particularly in enhanced oil recovery (EOR), where interfacial tension (IFT) reduction and micellization are key to improving fluid mobility. This study aims to evaluate the interfacial and thermodynamic properties of five widely used petroleum surfactants to better understand their efficie...

The study investigates the formulation of drilling fluids using locally sourced materials (clays) in conjunction with bentonite and non-food-based additives to address the challenges posed by the reliance on imported drilling fluid materials. The objectives were to compare the physio-chemical and rheological properties of drilling fluids made from...

This research offers an in-depth legal and policy-oriented examination of environmental rights, their recognition as human rights, and their enforceability in Nigeria. It explores the growing international consensus that environmental rights are integral to human rights and critically analyses Nigeria’s position within this global framework. The r...

One of the dire concequences of innovation is rapid reaction to developments and changes in the environment, and this depends on the managers' ability to reflect on the changes in the environment and various aspects of business. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of threat-oriented interpretation in climate changes on innovation and...

One of the significant challenges faced by operators of Liquefied natural gas (LNG) units is maintaining production capacity under various and often challenging conditions. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) units, characterized as energy intensive units, are significantly affected by seasonal variations and the quality of feed gas, which are crucial for...

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the world's main cereal crops, being widely used for human consumption, animal feed formulation, and in the production of biofuels, starch and petroleum industries. However, abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and aluminum toxicity have often limited crop development and yield. These stresses can also alter soi...

Purpose: Jatropha curcas potential as feedstock for polyester-amides production was studied. Polyesteramides are valuable biomaterials in the activities of petroleum industries where they are utilized as oil field chemicals. Methodology: Jatropha curcas fruits were collected in Ibadan and its environment. Seed oil of this fruit was extracted using...

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) has been a standard technique in semiconductor manufacturing for achieving smooth surfaces. CMP utilizes a synergistic interplay of chemical and mechanical interactions to achieve the desired removal rates, selectivity, and ultimately planarity with different substrate materials. In this study, the impact of CMP...

The petroleum industry, characterized by the significant investment in costly equipment and devices utilized in the extraction, production, or processing of crude oil, can result in the loss of valuable assets or the crude itself. This research involved the synthesis of a Schiff base from substituted gallic acid derivatives through an intermediate...

Oil extraction from reservoirs has never been easy, particularly when easily accessible oil sources run out. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is a dynamic area of petroleum engineering that seeks to maximize the quantity of crude oil that can be retrieved from an oil field. Researchers and oil producers have emphasized assessing tertiary‐stage recovery...

The study goals encompassed the evaluation of the effectiveness of kaolin liners in preventing the seepage of crude oil with different viscosities. The research used light and heavy crude oils sourced from Al-Barjisiah and Al-Ahdab oil fields in Iraq with kaolin grains of varying sizes. In the first stage, kaolin was analyzed using X-ray diffractio...

Petroleum-contaminated wastewater is a significant environmental issue since it is harmful and possesses a complex composition. This study investigates the feasibility of shrimp shell powder (SSP) as a low-cost and environmentally friendly biosorbent to treat petroleum-contaminated wastewater. SSP was manufactured by collecting, washing, drying, an...

Reservoir Simulation PDE-based Models Vs Data-driven Models Whether, spatially distributed transient multi-phase fluid flow models through a hydrocarbon reservoir, which remains based on partial differential equations (PDEs) have evolved to the engineering standard for simulating oil/gas production rates? Whether, the management of hydrocarbon re...

Countries endowed with petroleum resources often do not have the enormous financial resources and the technology to exploit them. Consequently, they resorted to partnering with oil company investors with the requisite capacity. The practice by oil companies to protect their investments through stabilization clauses made sovereign countries unable t...

This work deals with the feasibility of ultrasonic monitoring of the crude oil content in highly diluted crude oil-in-water emulsions, common mixtures obtained in the coalescence process of the petroleum industry. The measurement principle is the determination of the time of flight using the reflected pulses from a set of scatterers located in the...

Decreased well productivity is a common problem in the petroleum industry caused by decreased flow rates and reservoir pressure. One solution to overcome this problem is the use of artificial lift, namely the gas lift method. Gas lift is a method that injects high-pressure gas into the well to reduce hydrostatic pressure, allowing the fluid to rise...

RESERVOIR ENGINEERING: DARCY’S LAW Whether the modified Darcy’s law { q = Q/A = -(k/μ) (𝛻p) }, as used in petroleum industry imply the following? Velocity of the flowing fluids (gas, oil & water) remaining directly proportional to the pressure gradient Minus sign indicating that the velocity is in the direction of decreasing pressure gradient The...

This study examined the role of fiscal management in transforming oil-dependent economies, with a particular focus on Nigeria’s efforts to implement the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) 2021 for enhanced transparency and efficiency in the oil sector. The research adopted a qualitative methodology, utilizing in-depth case studies and group discussions w...

Management of oil impacted sites in Nigeria is regulated through the Environmental Guidelines and Standards for the Petroleum Industry in Nigeria (EGASPIN). This includes an intervention value for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) of 5,000 mg/kg as a trigger for remedial action. This single intervention value does not differentiate between varied...

Petroleum is a vital component of modern industrial and economic activities, yet its extraction, handling, and utilization pose significant health risks, particularly to workers who are regularly exposed to its by-products. This study investigates the occupational and environmental impact of petroleum exposure on haematological parameters among wor...

Purpose: The present research aims to establish the involvement of nanotechnology in increasing the rate of oil recovery and the management of reservoirs in the oil and gas business. However, there is still a gap within the state of knowledge on what the practical form of nanotechnologies is, how effective they are in the actual practical context,...

Occupational exposure to petroleum products has long been associated with various health risks, including alterations in haematological parameters. This study aims to assess the haematological changes among petroleum-exposed workers in Abuja and its surrounding areas. A comparative cross-sectional design was employed, involving two groups: petroleu...

In this article, we investigates the computational analysis of viscous fluid within a porous square cavity, presenting a novel analytical approach that incorporates Soret and Dufour effects alongside thermal radiation influences. The heat and mass transport processes are significantly influenced by the Soret and Dufour effects, especially in fluid...

Occupational exposure to petroleum products has long been associated with various health risks, including alterations in haematological parameters. This study aims to assess the haematological changes among petroleum-exposed workers in Abuja and its surrounding areas. A comparative cross-sectional design was employed, involving two groups: petroleu...

This study investigates the optimization and predictive accuracy of photovoltaic thermal systems’ thermal efficiency using advanced artificial intelligence algorithms, specifically the artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and relevance vector machine (RVM). Experimental data was collected from a photovolta...

In the ever-evolving landscape of cyber threats, the oil and gas industry face increasing challenges in safeguarding its critical infrastructure. This paper explores the multifaceted application of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance cybersecurity measures within this sector. The primary objective is to improve threat detection, risk management...

This study aims to investigate the impact of brand activism, specifically in the realms of social and environmental activism, on brand loyalty in the context of Pakistan's petroleum industry. Given the growing importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and environmental concerns, this research also explores the mediating roles of brand awa...

In its natural environment a rock mass is subjected to stress and temperature cycles which significantly affect the rock strength and failure behavior. Examples include tectonic stress variations and earthquake cycles, geothermal unrest before volcanic eruptions, Earth tides, seasonal water fluctuations and low-frequency stress and temperature cycl...

Applications of lanthanide chemistry have been successful in metallics and the petroleum industry. In the medical realm, lanthanides have shown utility in radiotherapy agents, photodynamic therapy agents, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. The lanthanide group elements have a few known biological roles, notably among some bacteri...

This paper investigates the corrosion behavior of mild steel in simulated oilfield wastewater under CO2, H2S, and their mixture. Using the electrical resistance method, the corrosion rates were monitored, and the influence of corrosion product films on overall performance was analyzed. The results show that the CO2/H2S mixture causes the highest co...

In this study, an empirical examination of Ghana's processes for assessing, collecting, and managing petroleum income is conducted. The study further examines Ghana's legislative framework for managing its oil income. To provide a working document for the assessment, collection, distribution, and use of Ghana's oil income under Article 36 of the 19...

This technical paper explores the application of open-source data from the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP) to forecast methane and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across U.S. upstream and downstream assets. It focuses specifically on emissions from onshore and offshore petroleum production opera...

Nigeria’s oil and gas sector has experienced transformative changes over the decades, from colonial exploration to the contemporary period of statutory reforms. The introduction of the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA), Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas Act, Local Content Act, and Niger Delta Development Commission Act represents significant milestones aime...

This study focuses on the effects of regulation process on firm performance of the downstream sector in the Nigerian petroleum industry. The specific objectives are to examine the effects of legal framework on firm performance, to examine the effects of monitoring process on firm performance, to ascertain the effects of price fixing process on firm...

Energy is an essential need of mankind and is a necessary instrument for job creation. Nigeria relies mostly on energy from fossil fuel. Though the country is blessed with abundance of oil and gas, a large percentage of the population are jobless. There is also limited economic growth while the vast potentials in the oil and gas industry are not ef...

Energy is an essential need of mankind and is a necessary instrument for job creation. Nigeria relies mostly on energy from fossil fuel. Though the country is blessed with abundance of oil and gas, a large percentage of the population are jobless. There is also limited economic growth while the vast potentials in the oil and gas industry are not ef...

Reservoir Simulation 1. Albeit, petroleum industry being the biggest user of computer models; while, the petroleum industry pioneering the use of computer simulations in almost all aspects of decision-making, why do we still not have an option of verifying with real data? 2. Why is that reservoir simulation studies remain to be very subjective; a...

Accurate characterization of crude oils by determining the composition of saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes (SARA) has always been a challenging task in the petroleum industry. However, conventional experimental methods for determination of SARA composition are labour intensive, time-consuming and expensive. In the present study, artific...

The high content of heavy components and poor fluidity of heavy oil present a substantial challenge to its efficient transportation in the petroleum industry. Diluting heavy oil with light oil is one of the approaches utilized to improve its fluidity. However, existing research has given relatively little attention to the deposition behavior of ble...

Cellulose ethers (CEs), synthesized through the etherification of cellulose, have emerged as indispensable “green additives” in our modern industries, earning the moniker of industrial “monosodium glutamate” due to their unparalleled multifunctionality. Unlike traditional petroleum-based modifiers, CEs offer a unique combination of renewability, lo...

Biogas (primarily biomethane), as a carbon-neutral renewable energy source, holds great potential to replace fossil fuels for sustainable hydrogen production. Conventional biogas reforming systems adopt strategies similar to industrial natural gas reforming, posing challenges such as high temperatures, high energy consumption, and high system compl...

This study presents an in-depth investigation into the fusion properties, specifically the melting point and solid-state transition temperature, of crude oil samples from five distinct fields in Kazakhstan. These properties are critical for understanding and predicting wax precipitation, which poses significant challenges in the petroleum industry,...

Streams of the Petroleum Industry.

Drilling fluids play a crucial role in the control and functionality of oil and gas well operations. Continuous monitoring, enhancement, and optimization of their properties are essential for successful drilling processes. Recently, a variety of additives, including nanoparticles (NPs) and novel polymers, have been introduced to modify and improve...

This review examines the evolution and findings of Norway’s offshore environmental monitoring (OEM) program over the past five decades. The program targets soft sediments, water column organisms, and deep-water epifauna across the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) to assess the impacts of offshore oil and gas activities. The program is required by...

Ionic liquids (ILs) as eco-friendly solvents have attracted particular attention in various fields of science including the petroleum industry. Among the different families of ILs, imidazolium-based ILs have been the subject of many research studies. However, not enough experimental studies were conducted to determine the viscosity of this family o...

The advent of oil and gas exploration and production activities tremendously impacted negatively on the historical development of the Niger Delta rural-indigenous economy as the available lands for farming, fish catch and the health status of the people have been adversely affected by massive environmental degradation and land dispossession. Conseq...

Organizations, whether public or private, need to keep their knowledge up-to-date and aligned with their guidelines and stakeholder needs. In complex sectors such as the energy industry, notably in the oil and gas industry, the technical knowledge developed over the years, by various agents, is not always properly systematized, through methodologie...

Offshore oil and gas activities are crucial in the petroleum industry. Offshore oil and gas installations require different cargo to operate. A heterogeneous fleet of platform supply vessels (PSVs) transports cargo supply to installations. The PSV fleet management in Brazil faces challenges such as the non-availability of the spot market, variation...

Road accidents of hazardous chemical vehicles correlate with environmental impact and human loss. Precisely predicting accidental chemical leaks during transportation is crucial in improving accident management. It helps augment the safety of roadways, infrastructures, and human life. This study focuses on identifying the best route for the transpo...

Separating toluene from n‐heptane is a challenging task in the petroleum industry. Traditional methods face problems including elevated energy usage, intricate technical procedures, and residual extractants. Herein, we developed an environmentally friendly, low energy consuming and economically efficient adsorption separation method. This study emp...

This study examined the application of a pilot-scale Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (VFCW) system for secondary oil refinery effluent treatment at PPSDM MIGAS, Indonesia. The VFCW technique, known for its simplicity, minimal operational cost, and environmental friendliness, was used to reduce organic pollutants (BOD and COD) to meet the standard...

Fluid mechanics has been applied in aviation, navigation, water conservancy, civil engineering, petroleum industry, meteorology, environmental protection and so on. In this paper, we investigate a (3+1)-dimensional integrable wave equation in a fluid: (i) According to some exchange formulae and the Hirota method, we obtain four sets of the bilinear...

Developing clean and renewable energy instead of the ones related to hydrocarbon resources has been known as one of the different ways to guarantee reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Geothermal systems and native hydrogen exploration could represent an opportunity to diversify the global energy matrix and lower carbon-related emissions. All of these...

Coal-measure natural gas exploration is of great significance for developing the global natural gas industry. To explore the feasibility of 3D controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric (CSAMT) inversion for coalbed methane (CBM) exploration in southern Yanchuan, we collected orthogonal dual-source CSAMT data. The inversion algorithm uses th...

This study is a comprehensive and in-depth investigation of the performance of drag-reducing agents (DRA) for pipeline oil products. Systematic experiments were conducted using a specially constructed indoor loop experimental device, using drag reduction rate as a metric. During the experimental process, variables such as DRA concentration and Reyn...

Darcy’s Law as used in Petroleum Industry: Permeability = f {rock properties, fluid properties} 1. When the effect of the fluid on the flow rate remains accounted for by the viscosity term, then, why does permeability still depend on fluid property? 2. Does Permeability remain inversely proportional to Potential Gradient, even, in an Oil-Brine Sy...

Sand production is one of the major challenges in the oil and gas industry, so comprehensive geomechanical analysis is necessary to mitigate sand production in mature fields. The absence of crucial well logs is an essential challenge in the oil and gas industry, necessitating geologists and engineers to rely on empirical equations to predict the ab...

The research aims to solve the problem of corrosion in oil pipes buried in the soil by studying the addition of tobacco extract on the rates of corrosion of low carbon steel in a solution that simulates the soil conditions. The corrosion solution used is an aqueous solution that simulates soil conditions and pH of the solution was pH = 6.8 at 30◦C...

Acidic zeolites are widely used in the chemical and petroleum industry because of their catalytic activity, remarkable reaction selectivity, and excellent chemical and thermal stability. In this paper, data on the structural properties of the acid treated natural zeolitic tuff are presented.

The growing global emphasis on reducing greenhouse gas emissions has accelerated the development of energy-efficient technologies for carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture from natural gas streams. Among these, membrane separation systems have emerged as a compelling solution due to their compact design, low energy consumption, and operational simplicity. T...

With the growth of energy demand, storage tanks are developing towards larger capacities. During this process, the stability of latticed tank tops is facing severe challenges. Based on the dome structure formed by prestressed cables combined with single-layer spherical latticed shells used in modern architectural structures, this paper applies it t...

Reservoir Engineering 1. What was the necessity to replace the original hydraulic gradient (as used in Darcy’s law) by a pressure gradient (as used in Petroleum Industry)? Is it mathematically justified, to simply replace ‘hydraulic gradient’ with a ‘pressure gradient’ in Original Darcy’s Law? 2. Can the oil movement within an Oil Reservoir be c...

Superamphiphobic materials that possess extraordinary hydrophobic and oleophobic dual characteristics have aroused widespread attention for their application in the fields of self-cleaning, petroleum industry, and antifouling. However, the synthetic process is a formidable challenge. Herein, this paper provides a simple method for preparing superam...

Under the guidance of high-quality development goals, the energy industry should not only pay attention to the development level but also to the coordination effect among multiple elements. In the process of low-carbon development, natural gas plays an important transitional role as a clean fossil energy. In this study, by introducing the theoretic...

Energy resources, particularly oil and natural gas, are vital for global development but have significant environmental impacts, including pollution and habitat destruction. Green management has become a critical concept in today’s global industries, mostly the petroleum industry. The petroleum industry is vital not only for the world but also for...

Original Darcy’s Law Vs Darcy’s Law as used in Petroleum Industry: Are they representing the same?

A thick upper Carboniferous sequence was deposited in the Netherlands and adjacent areas. Despite intense erosion during the late Carboniferous and early Permian, it has been preserved beneath the unconformably overlying successions. The preserved thickness locally exceeds 5500 m. The sequence comprises almost exclusively siliciclastic sediments,...