Oceans and Seas - Science topic

Societies value the marine environment for its health-promoting potential. In this preregistered study, we used cross-sectional, secondary data from the Seas, Oceans, and Public Health In Europe (SOPHIE) and Australia (SOPHIA) surveys to investigate: (a) relationships of self-reported home coastal proximity and coastal visits with self-reported gen...

Sea ice thickness (SIT) presents comprehensive information on Arctic sea ice changes and their role in the climate system. However, our understanding of SIT is limited by a scarcity of observations and inaccurate model simulations. Based on simultaneous parameter optimization with a micro genetic algorithm, the North Atlantic/Arctic Ocean–Sea Ice M...

Focus: To get to know some of the creatures in the deep-sea that use color and the lack of light to camouflage themselves. Learning objectives: With these TWO activities, we use vision to explore life forms in the deep sea which have adapted to extreme conditions. Through the activities, the pupils will also become familiar with some organisms well...

Nares Strait and the channels of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) act as conduits for sea ice export from the Arctic Ocean but have never been directly compared. Here, we perform such a comparison for both the sea ice area and volume fluxes from October 2016 to December 2021. Nares Strait provided the largest average seasonal (October through...

Understanding the variability of Antarctic sea ice is still a challenge. After decades of modest growth, an unprecedented minimum in the sea ice extent (SIE) was registered in summer 2017, and, following years of anomalously low SIE, a new record was established in early 2022. These two memorable minima have received great attention as single cases...

Using various observations and a chemistry‐climate model, this study investigates the impact of the Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) on the wintertime total column ozone (TCO) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Our analysis reveals that increases in TCO over the TP are accompanied by anomalously high Indian Ocean SSTs, and vice versa. Further...

We coupled together high-resolution versions of the ocean–sea ice model NEMO and the ice sheet model BISICLES configured to the Totten Glacier area and ran a series of simulations over the recent past (1995–2014) and under warming conditions (2081–2100; SSP4-4.5) with NEMO in stand-alone mode and with the coupled model to assess the effects of the...

The ocean's sea surface height (SSH) field is a complex mix of motions in geostrophic balance and unbalanced motions including high-frequency tides, internal tides, and internal gravity waves. Barotropic tides are well estimated for altimetric SSH in the open ocean, but the SSH signals of internal tides remain. The transition scale, Lt, at which th...

This paper describes the global eddying ocean-sea ice simulation produced at the Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC) obtained following the experimental design of the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project phase 2 (OMIP2). The eddy-rich model is based on the NEMOv3.6 framework, with a global horizontal resolution of 1/16° and 98 vertica...

The adjoint assimilation method has been applied to coupled ocean and sea ice models for sensitivity studies and Arctic state estimations. However, the accuracy of the adjoint model is degraded by simplifications of the adjoint of the sea ice model, especially the adjoint sea ice rheologies. As part of ongoing developments in coupled ocean and sea...

Manifestations of climate change are often shown as gradual changes in physical or biogeochemical properties1. Components of the climate system, however, can show stepwise shifts from one regime to another, as a nonlinear response of the system to a changing forcing2. Here we show that the Arctic sea ice regime shifted in 2007 from thicker and defo...

Research demonstrates the Arctic region has been changing four times faster than the rest of the globe over recent decades. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)’s rigorously peer-reviewed Sixth Assessment reports “high confidence” that “annual mean surface air temperatures and precipitation will continue to increase during the 21st...

The sea surface salinity (SSS) maximum of the South Indian Ocean (the SISSS‐max) is a high‐salinity feature centered at 30°S, 90°E, near the center of the South Indian subtropical gyre. It is located poleward of a region of strong evaporation and weak precipitation. Using several different satellites and in situ data sets, we track changes in this...

Extreme wind speeds, gusts and wind wave heights associated with midlatitude cyclones pose a hazard to shipping lanes and offshore infrastructure operating in the North Atlantic ocean seas surrounding the British Isles. Several studies have assessed the variability of wind and waves in this region using reanalyses, but few have used surface observa...

Sea ice export through the Fram Strait is crucial in the dynamic evolution of Arctic sea ice and can further modulate Arctic sea ice mass balance as well as the ocean thermohaline circulation. In this study, based on outputs from a parameter-optimized and fully physical ocean-sea ice coupled model and sea ice age observation, we estimate sea ice vo...

Research into modern oceans, seas, and their coastal zones, as well as marine ecosystems, provides valuable information for deciphering the geological dynamics [...]

The lives of millions of people in the East African region are highly affected by severe floods and persistent droughts. Early warnings at least a couple of seasons ahead would help the mitigation measures. However, most prediction systems using dynamical models are seen to perform poorly at long lead times. In this study, we propose a statistical...

Copper and its alloys are extensively used in marine applications due to high corrosion resistant behavior. But the corrosion immunity of copper varies with the environmental factors especially the sea water ingredients. Many researchers investigated corrosion level of copper materials in different oceans/seas. Unfortunately, such study is missing...

las amenazas globales que afectan a la salud planetaria han sido analizadas por la comunidad científica poniendo de relevancia la configuración de los límites planetarios. Algunos de estos no han sido tenidos en cuenta en la elaboración de mecanismos de protección, en especial, aquellos que afectan al medio marino. Las prioridades en las últimas dé...

In this paper, we have investigated the performance of underwater vertical wireless optical communication (UVWOC) link employing on–off key modulation in the presence of underwater turbulence, pointing errors and attenuation losses. The turbulence of the medium (assumed to be weak turbulence) has been modeled by employing the hyperbolic tangent log...

Previous studies reported that summer rainfall in the eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) is affected by the sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical southeastern Indian Ocean (SEIO). In this study, we found that their relationship has enhanced significantly during the second period of 1984–2015 (P2) compared to the first period of 1951–1983 (P1). Th...

Arctic Ocean simulations in 19 global ocean-sea ice models participating in the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP) of the CMIP6 are evaluated in this paper. Our results indicate that no significant improvements were achieved in the Arctic Ocean simulations from the previous Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments phase II (CORE-II) to t...

Key indicators of sustainable Economic Development are Global Economic, Partnership, Consumption, Production Patterns, Natural Hazards, Atmosphere. Land, Oceans, seas & coasts. Freshwater, Biodiversity, Poverty reduction, Governance, Health, Education and Demographics. In this backdrop, it is essential to scrutinize whether Africa is leading to a...

The ocean’s sea surface height (SSH) field is a complex mix of motions in geostrophic balance and unbalanced motions including high-frequency tides, internal tides and internal gravity waves. Barotropic tides are well estimated for altimetric SSH in the open ocean, but the SSH signals of internal tides remains. The transition scale, Lt, at which th...

The adjoint technique has been applied to the coupled ocean and sea ice models for sensitivity studies and Arctic state estimation. However, the accuracy of the adjoint model is degraded by simplifications on the adjoint of the sea ice model, especially adjoint sea ice rheology. As part of ongoing developments of coupled ocean and sea ice estimatio...

Since the 1970s, the ocean has absorbed almost all of the additional energy in the Earth system due to greenhouse warming. However, sparse observations limit our knowledge of where ocean heat uptake (OHU) has occurred and where this heat is stored today. Here, we equilibrate a reanalysis-forced ocean-sea ice model, using a spin-up that improves on...

Changes in large-scale circulation, especially El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), have significant impacts on dust activities over the dust source and downwind regions. However, these impacts present an interdecadal pattern, and it remains less clear which factors lead to the interdecadal variability of the ENSO impact on dust activities over nor...

Southwest monsoon (SWM) is one of the major monsoon systems that brings significant rainfall over western and southwestern parts of Sri Lanka. Therefore, this study investigates the SWM rainfall trend for 1980–2013 using monthly rainfall data from 19 meteorological stations and an associated mechanism by analyzing moisture transport and related atm...

This study investigates relationships between the twenty large-scale climatesignals and the precipitation variability during 1960–2018 in Iran.The twenty large-scale climate indicators include atmosphere-ocean teleconnectionsas well as El Ni˜no and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signals,Pacific and Atlantic ocean Sea Surface Temperature (SST). Wavelet...

The relationships between the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Asian‐Pacific region summer precipitation and its corresponding atmospheric circulations exhibit interdecadal changes. From the early 1990s to the early 2000s, these relationships were significant. Therefore, we divided this time frame into three periods for analysis: 1979–1991 (P1)...

En la ultima década los estudios paleogeográficos experimentaron un fuerte avance en el que la geofísica (particularmente el paleomagnetismo) ha tenido el máximo protagonismo. Hay que destacar, sin embargo, la importancia creciente de la paleobiogeografía, la geodinámica y la paleoclimatología en problemas para los que los metodos geofísicos ofrece...

This paper presents technical-economic potential of a side-scan sonar. The side-scan sonar is used in many fields: research, topology, military, archaeology, offshore, etc. A side-scan sonar is an underwater device. This device is used in oceans, seas, lakes, etc. This article aims to study the side-scan sonar used only in the sea, in order to iden...

COVID 19 pandemic has had a humongous impact on the waste management sector with rise in medical and plastic waste , complete lockdown and social distancing had banned waste pickers and we saw an increase in the household waste , industrial waste saw a decline , but the plastic waste escalated with plastic driven mask and kits , which has increment...

Artificial intelligence (AI) represents emerging technology with beneficial potential for the maritime domain, to contain all natural and manmade features, events, or activities appertaining to the seas, oceans or other navigable waterways. It is not a single technology but a continuum of capabilities designed to synergize computational processing...

Understanding the sea ice variability and the mechanisms involved during warm periods of the Earth is essential for a better understanding of the sea ice changes at the present and in the future. Based on simulations with the model LOVECLIM, this study investigates the sea ice variations during the last nine interglacials and focuses on the inter-c...

This paper analyses the support (or light) verb constructions (SVC) in a publicly available, manually annotated corpus of multiword expressions (MWE) in Brazilian Portuguese. The paper highlights several issues in the linguistic definitions therein adopted for these types of MWE, and reports the results from applying STRING, a rule-based parsing sy...

This paper analyses the support (or light) verb constructions (SVC) in a publicly available, manually annotated corpus of multiword expressions (MWE) in Brazilian Portuguese. The paper highlights several issues in the linguistic definitions therein adopted for these types of MWE, and reports the results from applying STRING, a rule-based parsing sy...

Most western Northwest China (WNWC) has experienced notable wetting in recent decades. Despite the widespread attention of scientific community, the causes of such climate shift are still not well‐understood. In this study, we find that the dominant mode of Indian Ocean sea surface temperature variability — Indian Ocean Basin mode (IOBM) plays a cr...

Plain Language Summary Realistic simulation of mesoscale eddies is crucial in correctly reproducing observed large‐scale circulation. However, the state‐of‐the‐art eddy‐resolving ocean general circulation models (OGCMs) simulate a less energetic surface ocean on the global scale. Previous studies show that the biases in simulating global mesoscale...

Stratospheric temperature is an important climatic factor regionally and globally. This paper investigates temperature trends in the lower stratosphere at 50 hPa (T50), the mid-stratosphere at 30 hPa (T30), and the upper stratosphere at 10 hPa (T10), as well as their impacts on Atlantic Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) and Saudi Arabian surface...

Eastern China has a large population with rapid development of the economy, where is the important crop producing region. In this region, the spatial and temporal distribution of autumn rainfall in Eastern China is uneven, which has important societal impact. Using the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis and other observational datasets, it is found that the spat...

The exact cylindrical rational solutions including cylindrical rogue waves (RWs), cylindrical Kuznetsov–Ma breathers (KMBs), cylindrical Akhmediev breathers (ABs), and cylindrical Jacobi breathers solutions to the cylindrical nonlinear Schrödinger equation (CNLSE) are derived. Also, the criteria for the cylindrical modulational instability and the...

In coupled general circulation models, which are widely used to study weather and climate in subseasonal-to-seasonal timescales, forecast errors pertaining to the systematic model biases could occur. These errors can be overcome using initialization processes, but imperfections in these processes often lead to initialization shock. To investigate t...

Marine spatial planning and ecosystem based management such as MPA’s has been used as tools to manage human activities, to conserve coastal ecosystems and biodiversity for the sustainable use of oceans, seas and marine resources. In this study, we focused on establishing a spatial distribution of the fishing grounds used by local fishermen in the p...

An effort is made to implement a Regional Earth System Model (RESM) over the CORDEX-SA domain to demonstrate its skill in simulating the Indian summer monsoon characteristics. RESM was simulated on climate mode, 1980-2014, and showed good resemblance to observation in simulating mean precipitation, its variability (intraseasonal to interannual), ex...

The summer rainfall in the eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) is positively correlated with the sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical southeastern Indian Ocean (SEIO). It is found that their relationship has enhanced significantly during the second period of 1984–2015 (P2) compared to the first period of 1951–1983 (P1). The anomalous anticyclone...

The hydroclimate of southern high latitudes impacts the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) and, by consequence, the global climate. In the AIS, precipitation (PPT) is directly related to the surface mass balance, and it has increased over the past centuries as a response to global warming. In particular, this upward PPT trend accelerated in the late 20th Ce...

This study proposes an approach to estimate the ocean sea surface height signature of coherent internal tides from a 25-year along-track altimetry record, with a single inversion over time, resolving both internal tide contributions and mesoscale eddy variability. The inversion is performed on a reduced-order basis of topography and practically ach...

Space rapid response launch system based on data link is relying on high orbit communication satellites and low orbit comprehensive constellation, to construct the data link tactical time-sensitive network space-based plane, with features of full coverage, wide area interconnection, machine interconnection, flat networking and mobile disturbance re...

Earth system models are complex integrated models of atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and land surface. Coupling the components can be a significant challenge due to the difference in physics, temporal, and spatial scales. This study explores new coupling strategies for the fluid-fluid interaction problem based on multirate partitioned Runge-Kutta metho...

The UN Resolution Transforming our world: “the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” entered the stage from 1 January 2016 on and enshrines 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) including 169 targets. This resolution seems to be a conceptual, normative answer to the global fluid pattern of economic transformation, namely: globalisation. Agains...

The Western Ghats (WG) is a vast montane forest ecosystem known for its biodiversity and endemism. The decadal variability of WG summer monsoon rainfall is higher than most of the other regions of India. Spectrum and wavelet analysis of century-long rainfall observation confirm significant decadal variability (at 90% confidence level) in WG rainfal...

The vertically integrated apparent heat source (\(\langle {\mathrm{Q}}_{1}\rangle \)), reflecting features and evolutions of the heat budget, is a key variable in the changing climate of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Despite previous investigations, characteristics of \(\langle {\mathrm{Q}}_{1}\rangle \) on the inter-decadal timescale have not received...

Understanding rainfall variability over a region is essential for economic development since it contributes to managing climate-sensitive sectors. This study assesses the interannual characteristics of rainfall over Madagascar and the possible influence of the Indian Ocean (IO) on rainfall patterns between 1950 and 2018, using monthly rainfall data...

With the discovery of a dipole in Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature (SST), the Indian Ocean has been gaining an increasing importance in the context of global climate. SST is one of the important oceanic parameters controlling the ocean climate. In view of this importance, an attempt has been made in this study to examine the inter-annual and in...

Plain Language Summary The Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) is a key driver of global rainfall distribution due to its vast evaporation, deep convection, and large precipitation. Increasing of human‐induced greenhouse‐gases contributed to the observed IPWP expansion, but there is a great uncertainty in its future projections. Here, we identify multi‐m...

Sea ice motion is an essential parameter when determining sea ice deformation, regional advection, and the outflow of ice from the Arctic Ocean. The Robeson Channel, which is located between Ellesmere Island and northwest Greenland, is a narrow but crucial channel for ice outflow. Only three Eulerian sea ice motion products derived from ocean/sea i...

Satellite records show that the extent and thickness of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean have significantly decreased since the early 1970s. The prediction of sea ice is highly important, but accurate simulation of sea ice variations remains highly challenging. For improving model performance, sensitivity experiments were conducted using the coupled oce...

Two high-resolution model simulations are used to investigate the spatiotemporal variability of the Arctic Ocean sea level. The model simulations reveal barotropic sea level variability at periods of

This volume covers important ground in bringing the sea back into International Relations scholarship in a way that militates against a land/sea binary. In this concluding chapter we explore how this can productively be taken further through a lens of International Terraqueous Relations, which not only understands land and sea as connected, but als...

The present study focuses on changes in synoptic-scale waves (SSWs) over the northwest Pacific (NWP) during boreal summer and compares them with intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs). The results show that the intensity of eddy kinetic energy (EKE)-based SSWs (2–10-day period) has greater climatological means and interannual variations than the 10–20-d...

The foundation systems for bridges and marine structures demand deep foundations like hollow driven open-ended piles, where hard-bearing strata exist on deep soil underneath loose inland and oceanic sea floors. During this driving process, a soil plug is formed near the hollow pile tip region, resulting in soil crushing and compression at the pile...

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) global drowning report (2017), drowning is the third leading cause of unintentional injury death worldwide. Drowning can occur anywhere there is water: oceans, seas, lakes, pools, bathtubs, rivers or water collection on the side of the road, etc. In many countries, there are drowning prevention pro...

Patterns of feeding and growth of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in the marine environment are critical to understanding how observed declines in recruitment may reflect warming or other oceanic drivers. The isotopic composition of scales can provide insight into differences in marine feeding location and possibly temperature regime. We used archiv...