Obstetrics - Science topic

I would like to present in this Special Issue interesting researches, reviews, or clinical cases about Obstetrics and Neonatology.

Background Repeated implantation failure (RIF) is the main challenge in assisted reproduction; the present study aimed to compare the obstetric and perinatal outcomes between RIF and control patients who experienced a successful pregnancy after fresh embryo transfer (ET) or frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Data were obtained from 1150 wo...

Background Malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCTs) are rare gynecologic neoplasms. The use of nomograms that are based on various clinical indicators to predict the prognosis of MOGCTs are currently lacking. Methods Clinical and demographic information of patients with MOGCT recorded between 2004 and 2015 were obtained from the Surveillance, E...

Background The depth of cervical stromal invasion is one of the important prognostic factors affecting decision-making for early stage cervical cancer (CC). This study aimed to develop and validate a T2-weighted imaging (T2WI)-based radiomics model and explore independent risk factors (factors with statistical significance in both univariate and mu...

Background In reproductive medicine, vitamin D (VitD) is of particular interest because its deficiency has been linked to various infertility issues. Thus, preconception care, including appropriate VitD supplementation, is essential, especially in women using assisted reproductive technology (ART). Despite the therapeutic benefits of VitD, adverse...

Purpose of Review This review aims to discuss how racism and discrimination on labor and delivery contribute to disparities in maternal morbidity and mortality, as well as potential levers for improvement. Recent Findings There is a growing body of evidence on effective interventions for reducing the impact of racism and discrimination on labor an...

Conversational agents are used to communicating with humans in a friendly manner. To achieve the highest level of performance, agents need to respond assertively and fastly. Transformer architectures are shown to produce excellent performances on recent tasks; however, for tasks involving conversational agents, they may have a lower speed performan...

Highlights • There is widespread worry among OB-GYN residents that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on their residency program • Significant cancellation/postponement of scheduled educational activities, reductions in surgical activities, transfer of residents to other healthcare institutions (including COVID-19 wards), reduced resea...

Introduction: Postpartum chronic subdural hematoma (PCSDH) of non-traumatic origin is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication in the obstetric population which usually presents with severe headache. Case Report: We describe timely diagnosis and surgical management of a 27-year-old female patient with bilateral chronic subdural hematoma...

Background & aim: Companionship in labor is highly effective in encouraging facility-based delivery and has a positive effect on maternal self-control during childbirth. However, there have been few studies in Ethiopia to examine this issue. Therefore, this study assessed pregnant women’s knowledge and desire towards labor companionship and its ass...

Background Oligohydramnios is associated with poor maternal and perinatal outcomes. In low-resource countries, including Uganda, oligohydramnios is under-detected due to the scarcity of ultrasonographic services. We determined the prevalence and associated factors of oligohydramnios among women with pregnancies beyond 36 weeks of gestation at Mbara...

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar fatores associados à procura por pronto atendimento entre gestantes e puérperas com infecção pela COVID-19. Métodos: estudo transversal, com coleta de dados realizada entre agosto de 2021 e janeiro de 2022, baseado nas respostas de 258 mulheres que estiveram gestantes ou pariram durante a pandemia, após aprovação do Com...

Purpose Although the incidence of breast cancer during pregnancy is increasing, little is known about short-term outcomes following breast cancer surgery during pregnancy. We aimed to compare the characteristics and outcomes of breast cancer surgery with and without pregnancy, and describe the obstetric outcomes following surgery. Methods The data...

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of physiotherapeutic intervention to improve the deviated balance of pregnant women. Method: A total of 174 subjects were included in the study out of which 62 had postural deviation. They were divided into three groups, two intervention groups and one control group. The target populat...

In humans, cell fusion is restricted to only a few cell types under normal conditions. In the placenta, cell fusion is a critical process for generating syncytiotrophoblast: the giant multinucleated trophoblast lineage containing billions of nuclei within an interconnected cytoplasm that forms the primary interface separating maternal blood from fe...

Around 5-15% pregnant females are affected by Tokophobia, also known as maieusiophobia or parturiphobia, which is fear of childbirth. To some extent, it can be considered as a normal human phenomenon considering the painful and unpredictable experience but severe forms that affect the daily functioning of the woman are labelled as pathological form...

In this article we propose to analyze the normative recognition of obstetric violence at the international and national field, as well as the effective access to justice for women victims of this type of violence in Uruguay. After studying three cases in the process of complaint or prosecution and three final judicial decisions, we conclude as a f...

Although continuous support during childbirth is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and has well-established benefits, the practice is still not routinely implemented in all maternity settings. We studied the possible effect of an additional lay companion (other than the partner) on childbirth experience and postpartum post-traumati...

Purpose To examine the association between mode of delivery (in particular caesarean section) and behavioural outcomes in offspring at six time-points between age 3 and 17 years. Methods Similar to previous work examining the association between mode of delivery and behavioural outcomes in offspring at age 7, we used maternal-reported data from th...

Objective Antenatal Care (ANC) plays a pivotal role in improving child and maternal health. Even though antenatal coverage in Fiji is more than 95%, the majority of pregnant women fail to initiate ANC within the first trimester. Thus, the research aimed to determine factors that are associated with late antenatal booking among pregnant women who de...

The objective of this pilot study was to characterize healthcare professionals’ knowledge of advanced paternal age (APA), the associated risks, as well as current clinical practices regarding APA. Our study utilized an online survey that questioned providers who see children with genetic conditions and patients who are or may become pregnant regard...

To compare the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) at 3 years and 5 years in patients undergoing treatment for early-stage cervical cancer with either robotic (RRH) or open radical hysterectomy (ORH). This retrospective study compared all patients with stage IA1 (lymphovascular invasion), IA2, IB1, IB2 and II A cervical cancer in...

Obstetric spinal anaesthesia is routinely used in South African district hospitals for caesarean sections, providing better maternal and neonatal outcomes than general anaesthesia in appropriate patients. However, practitioners providing anaesthesia in this context are usually generalists who practise anaesthesia infrequently and may be unfamiliar...

Oxidative stress has been implicated in many diseases, including reproductive and pregnancy disorders, from subfertility to maternal vascular disease or preterm labour. There is, however, discrepancy within the standardized markers of oxidative stress in obstetrics and gynaecology in clinical studies. This review aims to present the scope of marker...

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) for the mapping of endometriosis before surgery when performed by sonographers in an outpatient women's imaging centre. Methods: A prospective longitudinal cohort study was performed. The study group comprised of 201 women who underwent a comprehensive TVUS a...

Preterm birth is one of the most significant obstetric complications. Inflammation reportedly promotes uterine contraction and weakening of the fetal membrane, which induces preterm birth. Previous studies using animal models of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute inflammation have shown that progesterone (P4) promotes uterine quiescence. However, thi...

A presente cartilha foi desenvolvida a partir da experiência vivenciada pelas acadêmicas de enfermagem durante estudo teórico-prático da disciplina de Gerência em Enfermagem II durante graduação de Enfermagem pela Universidade Federal Fluminense. As acadêmicas cursaram o estágio prático da disciplina no setor da Maternidade/Obstetrícia do Hospital...

Conclusiones Evaluar la salud fetal es un objetivo fundamental en la práctica diaria del obstetra o del perinatólogo. La evidencia actual soporta que la prueba vibroacústica fetal ofrece beneficios, dado que disminuye la incidencia de resultados no reactivos de la monitorización anteparto. En consecuencia, reduce los falsos positivos y puede aument...

Robinow syndrome is a genetically heterogenous syndrome that exhibits great pleiotropy, involving skeletal genital, cardiac, and craniofacial developmental anomalies. Fertility is not always compromised, and many individuals may be able to have a healthy pregnancy. Similar to other more common skeletal dysplasias and growth disorders such as achond...

Introduction The socio-demographic profile of pregnant women in low- and middle- income countries is characterized by low educational attainment and unemployment, leading to social and economic morbidity. characterized by limited opportunities for education, employment, and marriage, which are strongly related to the stigmatization of the disease....

Background The optimal mode of delivery in cases of fetal congenital heart disease (CHD) is not established. The few relevant studies did not address operative vaginal delivery. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of fetal CHD on mode of delivery during a trial of labor, and to secondarily describe some obstetric complications. Methods...

Introduction: Abdominal emergencies during pregnancy (excluding obstetric emergencies) occur on one out of 500-700 pregnancies. Since they are relatively rare patients should be referred and managed in tertiary level centres where surgical, obstetrical and neonatal cares are available. To our understanding there are no detailed descriptive series o...

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate whether students’ attitude towards online learning in Gynecology and Obstetrics changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. We further examined which variables impacted students’ satisfaction with digital learning. Methods A specifically developed questionnaire was used from June 2020–July 2021 for N = 23...

Background and Objective: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of training based on choice theory and Pilates exercises on sexual function and the general health of infertile women. Materials and Methods: The present experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and control group was conducted on infertile women referred to Kermans...

Abnormal cord insertion (ACI) is associated with adverse obstetric outcomes; however, the relationship between ACI and assisted reproductive technology (ART) has not been examined in a meta-analysis. This study examines the association between ACI and ART, and delivery outcomes of women with ACI. A systematic review was conducted, and 16 studies (1...

Background: While the liability risks for obstetrics and gynecology (ob/gyn) physicians are widely recognized, little is known about how trainees have been involved in ob/gyn lawsuits. Objectives: To characterize involvement of trainees in malpractice lawsuits related to ob/gyn. Methods: The legal database Westlaw was utilized to collect ob/gy...

Genital tuberculosis in females is found in 0.75 to 1% of gynecological admissions in India with considerable variation from place to place. Tuberculosis (TB) can affect any organ in the body (exceptions being skeletal muscle, cardiac muscles, pancreas) can exist without any clinical manifestation and can recur. The disease is almost always seconda...

A vaginal obstruction often occurs as a result of complication in women who had previously undergone an excision of a transverse vaginal septum. Her we are reporting a case of 12 years old unmarried girl presented with complaint of secondary amenorrhea and cyclic pain lower abdomen since two months. She was operated for cryptomenorrhea four months...

A 35-year old woman GVP IV (all alive, normal vaginal delivery) whose gestation age from early first trimester ultrasound was 32 weeks and 1 day. She attended to emergency Obstetrics and gynecology department after she was referred from primary hospital as a case of preterm pregnancy, pelvic organ prolapse and preterm premature rupture of membrane...

Background. Obstetric brachial plexus injury (OBPI) occurs as a result of excessive stretching of the baby's neck and an increase in cervical and shoulder angle during the second stage of labor. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, electrophysiological panel, and motor outcome of cervical paralysis in East Azerbaijan province, Iran durin...

This study was conducted to determine the effect of haptonomy applied to pregnant women on perceived stress, fear of childbirth, and prenatal attachment. The population of the randomized controlled experimental study consisted of 72 primiparous pregnant women within the gestational weeks 22–28 who presented to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Polyclin...

Objective This study aimed to investigate the relationship between prognostic and tumor parameters of cervical cancer patients, such as tumor size (TS), tumor volume (TV), and tumor volume reduction rate (TVRR) after external beam radiotherapy. Methods A total of 217 patients with advanced cervical cancer, classified as Federation of Gynecology an...

Double uterus (uterus didelphys) is the second least common congenital anomaly of the female genital tract resulting from failure of fusion of the two Müllerian ducts during embryological development, leading to duplication of the uterus and the cervix. The condition may be associated with abnormalities of the Wolffian duct such as ipsilateral rena...

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is an obstetric emergency instigated by excessive blood loss which occurs frequently after the delivery. The PPH can result in volume depletion, hypovolemic shock, and anemia. This is particular condition is considered a major cause of maternal deaths around the globe. Presently, physicians utilize visual examination for...

Objective Clinical reasoning is an essential skill, the foundations of which should be acquired during medical school. Within the format of test-based learning, such examinations can also be used to support the long-term retention of procedural knowledge necessary for clinical reasoning. The aim was to investigate whether repeated exposure to clini...

Renal disorders in pregnancy is a topic with dearth of studies on it. It can range from beingasymptomatic bacteriuria which can further lead to obstetric complications to chronic kidney diseases requiring dialysis which can inturn affect the fetomatemal outcome. Hence, such cases require a detailed analysis to find out the various treating algorith...

The objective of this study was to structure a proposal for an instrument to measure the mistreatment level of women during childbirth, through item response theory, based on the birth experience of postpartum women. A cross-sectional study was conducted, with the inclusion of 287 women who did not suffer complications during childbirth, randomly s...

Obstetric tetanus is defined as a C. tetani infection that occurs during pregnancy or within six weeks of delivery. In Peru, there are no reports of obstetric tetanus cases. Here we report a sixth case of obstetric tetanus in a puerperal woman who underwent curettage for postpartum hemorrhage, despite immunization against tetanus.

BACKGROUND: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has become a public health concern worldwide. It is important for pregnant women to know about the mode of transmission, symptoms, and preventive measures against COVID-19. The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness and outlook of pregnant women and practical measur...

This work is devoted to the problems of one of the most common screening examinations used in medical practice: fetal cardiotocography (CTG). The technology of ultrasonic monitoring of fetal heart rate (HR) variations has been used for more than 70 years. During this time, it has undergone many upgrades and has been characterized several times as a...

Objetivo: identificar los desafíos encontrados para el desarrollo del Programa de Residencia en Enfermería Obstétrica en el interior de Pernambuco, desde la perspectiva de los residentes. Método: estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, teniendo como unidad de análisis el Programa de Residencia en Enfermería Obstétrica de tres hospitales re...

Pregnancy is characterized by changes in neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and immune function. For this reason, pregnancy itself is perceived as a psychological “stress test”. Research to date has focused on stress exposure. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of associated factors on the level of stress experienced by pregnant patien...

Abstract Background and Aims The shortage of beds at the maternity ward is ever increasing with an increasing trend in total birth and cesarean section deliveries thereby increasing the daily number of obstetric patients awaiting admission. This quality improvement (QI) project was conducted to mitigate the problem of bed shortage by implementing m...

BACKGROUND: Caesarean section (CS) is a lifesaving obstetric technique, particularly when mother or fetus is at risk due to complications. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended prevalence of CS between 5% and 15% as acceptable, for which prevalence less than 5% indicates unmet need and prevalence exceeding 15% pose risk to mother or fetus...

Background Despite females comprising 50.8% of the U.S. population, the percentage of females in the physician workforce is only 36.3%. Studies have examined sex trends within select specialties, however there is insufficient literature studying trends across all specialties. In this study, the authors examined trends in the proportion of female re...

The increasing rate of cesarean deliveries warrants obstetric anesthesiologists to deliver high-quality post-cesarean delivery analgesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the temporal trends in the use of neuraxial morphine for cesarean deliveries and to describe the current postoperative analgesia practices. A retrospective cohort study using...

Background The use of intrapartum interventions is becoming increasingly common globally. Interventions during birth, including caesarean section (CS), epidural analgesia and synthetic oxytocin infusion, can be important in optimizing obstetric care, but have the potential to impact breastfeeding. This study aimed to identify whether women who have...

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has posed profound challenges for pregnant patients and their families. Studies conducted early in the pandemic found that pregnant individuals reported increased mental health concerns in response to pandemic-related stress. Many obstetric practices changed their healthcare delivery models, further impacting the ex...

Background: The Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response (MPDSR) proposed by the World Health Organization recognises the importance for health systems to understand the reasons underpinning the death of a pregnant woman or her newborn as an essential first step in preventing future similar deaths. Data for the surveillance component...

Background : This study was done to describe the pattern of personal protective equipment (PPE) use, associated factors, and adverse events among obstetricians and obstetric nurses in obstetrics & gynecology departments. Methods : A cross sectional study was conducted in Obstetrics & Gynecology departments in three hospitals (physician & nurses n=2...

- Aim: The aim of this study is to prove that UA is an effective line of management for uterine fibroids by causing a significant decline in fibroid volumes resulting in a substantial relief of fibroid-related symptoms, and to compare its results with those of uterine artery embolization. - Methods: This study is a randomized control trial that wa...

Purpose Early prediction of bloodstream infections (BSI) among obstetric patients remains to be a challenge for clinicians. The objective of this study was to develop a risk score and assess its discriminative ability in febrile obstetric patients in a maternal intensive care unit (ICU). Methods Between May 2015 and August 2020, a total of 497 feb...

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical effectiveness of modified perineal reconstruction combined with anal sphincter repair in the treatment of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS). Methods: Twenty consecutive patients with an OASI who underwent modified perineal reconstruction combined with anal sphincter repair...